EP2449629B1 - Omnidirektionales kompaktes breitbandantennensystem mit zwei weitgehend entkoppelten separaten übertragungs- und empfangszugangsleitungen - Google Patents

Omnidirektionales kompaktes breitbandantennensystem mit zwei weitgehend entkoppelten separaten übertragungs- und empfangszugangsleitungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2449629B1
EP2449629B1 EP10723616.8A EP10723616A EP2449629B1 EP 2449629 B1 EP2449629 B1 EP 2449629B1 EP 10723616 A EP10723616 A EP 10723616A EP 2449629 B1 EP2449629 B1 EP 2449629B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
antenna system
spiral
plates
designed
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EP10723616.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2449629A1 (de
Inventor
Mohamed Himdi
Sébastien PALUD
Cyrille Le Meins
Thierry Guignard
Franck Colombel
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Rennes 1
Thales SA
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Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Universite de Rennes 1
Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic

Definitions

  • the object of the invention relates to a compact omnidirectional and very wideband antennal system comprising a separate access access and reception access and very strongly decoupled, that is to say, an antenna element having a transmission function and a antennal element having a reception function.
  • the invention lies in the field of antennas or antenna systems dedicated to electromagnetic wave emission / reception applications in a very wide band, for example 30-3000 MHz.
  • the concept implemented in the invention can be integrated on all types of carrier (terrestrial, naval or airborne). It is particularly suitable for integration on the roof of a mobile carrier (civilian and military vehicles). It can be exploited in other frequency bands than the one mentioned above.
  • Different antennal structures are known to the Applicant, such as monopole type antennas, saber antennas, dipole type antennas, biconical or discone antennas, or antennas loaded with a resistor or a resistor. box of agreement.
  • the antenna structure according to the invention solves at least one or more of the aforementioned problems.
  • the second antennal element is, for example, nested in a conical portion itself integrated in the high pseudo-conical portion of said broadband excitation means.
  • the second antennal element may consist of a first element adapted to operate at low frequencies, said first element being constituted by volumic turns of constant diameter and pitch per spiral side, a second element having a logarithmic square spiral profile. planar plane placed in continuity and in the same plane as said first element, a third element adapted for high frequencies and made by conformation on a pyramid with four sides of a logarithmic spiral with a square profile.
  • the four-sided pyramid as well as the support of the elements can be made of relative permittivity foam close to 1.
  • Said conductive plates are provided with orifices for fixing the metal links and adaptation circuits.
  • Said matching circuits or antenna load circuits are constituted by one or more of the elements selected from the following list: resistance, capacitance and / or power choke.
  • the matching circuit consists of one or more power resistors.
  • the first antennal element has an optimized radiation towards the ground and the horizon.
  • the second antennal element associated with the metallic plane covered with the ferrite tiles has an optimized radiation upwards and the horizon, ie. in a hemispherical way.
  • the antennal system has a strong decoupling between the first antennal emission element and the antennal receiving element. It operates according to an electric field component in vertical polarization. The presence of the plane of ferrite tiles accentuates the decoupling between the antennal emission element and the antennal receiving element by trapping the currents at the level of the metal plane.
  • the first antennal element supports strong powers.
  • the following description aims at a use for the emission of electromagnetic waves on the horizon and below the horizon (that is to say towards the bottom) in the vertical plane and 360 ° azimuth in the horizontal plane, and for the interception of electromagnetic waves on the horizon and above the horizon in the vertical plane and on 360 ° of azimuth in the horizontal plane, for operation in a frequency range from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.
  • the Figure 1A represents a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the antenna system according to the invention.
  • the antenna 1 used in the present description for illustrative purposes is detailed in the applicant's patent application. FR 08 07230 .
  • the antenna 1 consists, for example, of a lower plate 6 made of a conductive material such as a metal material having, for example, a length L1 of 2000mm and a width 11 of 1700 mm.
  • This plate may be a planar or substantially planar metallic part independent or any of a carrier V ( Figure 1 D) .
  • a second conductive plate which, in this example, corresponds to the upper plate 5 and having a length L2 in this example of 2000 mm and a width I2 of 1700 mm ( Figure 1 B) forms the upper plane of the antennal system according to the invention.
  • the plate 6 forming the lower plane and the plate 5 forming the upper plane may have an identical surface respectively S1, S2.
  • the two plates can be made of the same metallic material adapted to microwave frequencies.
  • the lower plate 6 and the upper plate 5 are spaced apart by a distance or gap E.
  • the value of the spacing E between the two plates is chosen according to the minimum frequency of use.
  • the spacing E may be less than the wavelength, corresponding to the minimum operating frequency, divided by 8.
  • the larger the dimensions of the plates the smaller the spacing of the plates may be.
  • the antenna system according to the invention comprises a second antenna or antenna element 2 placed, for example, above the first antenna 1.
  • a second antenna or antenna element 2 placed, for example, above the first antenna 1.
  • the integration of the antenna 2 in the antenna 1. For a cavity depth greater than or equal to the vertical size of the antenna 2, and in the case of a pseudo-conical or conical cavity it is then possible to fully integrate the second antennal element in a conical portion, itself integrated in the high pseudo-conical portion of said broadband excitation means.
  • the metal cavity may be of any shape, nevertheless the use of a conical or pseudo-conical type of cavity makes it possible to improve the radiation performance of the antenna 2 for reception or interception on the horizon.
  • the transmitting or scrambling antenna 1 is constituted by a broadband exciter 4 positioned between the metal planes 5 and 6 in which a matrix of holes Ti is formed in order to receive metal links 7 loaded by power resistors 8 or of adaptation circuits.
  • the metal links 7 have the particular function of allowing electrical conduction between the various elements.
  • the dielectric spacers 9 and 10 have the particular function of ensuring a mechanical rigidity of the system.
  • the power resistors 8 can be arranged either in the upper part of the metal link 7 at the level of the upper plate 6, or as mentioned on the Figures 1A, 1B in the lower part of the metal link 7 at the lower plate 6 of the antenna.
  • the power resistor instead of the power resistor, it is possible to use a charging circuit or matching circuit composed of one or more of the elements selected from the following list: resistance, inductance, and / or capacity, the elements mentioned being used alone or in combination, knowing that the final function will be to ensure the adaptation of the antennal system.
  • the resistance values chosen to illustrate the invention provide an adaptation of the antenna 1 to a characteristic impedance 50 ohms, and accept high power on the transmission path.
  • the conductive metal bonds 7 may be made of any type of material having conductive properties adapted to microwave frequencies.
  • the receiving antenna 2 is placed above a metal plane 12 covered almost completely by ferrite tiles 11 ( Figure 1 B) .
  • These tiles can have a shape, a thickness and characteristics of permittivity and variable permeability insofar as they retain absorption properties for the frequency bands 30 MHz -1000 MHz, in this example. They must remain attached to each other as much as possible. It is therefore appropriate to fix them, to stick them or to reduce their freedom of movement by an appropriate device. They make it possible to reduce to a few cm the thickness of the antenna 2 by absorption of the currents reflected on the metallic plane 12. They also make it possible to reduce the coupling between the transmitting antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 and of to make possible the radiation of the receiving antenna 2 in vertical polarization on the horizon, while not disturbing the radio performance of the transmitting antenna 1.
  • the radiation of the transmitting antenna 1 is specifically oriented towards the horizon or towards the ground while the receiving antenna 2 equipped with these ferrite tiles proposes a radiation directed towards the horizon or toward the upper hemisphere. .
  • This decorrelation of the radiation patterns greatly favors the decoupling between the two antennas.
  • the direction of the radiation arrows is symbolized on the figure 1D .
  • the receiving antenna 2 (or interception) and the transmitting antenna 1 (or scrambling) according to the invention provide by construction an electromagnetic wave with a predominantly vertical polarization on the horizon.
  • the broadband exciter has the particular function of establishing an electric field E guided between the two planes (5, 6) and its outer wall S 3 .
  • the exciter may consist of several conductive facets (metal, for example) 20i whose profile of their outer wall has been optimized to operate on the bandwidth of the antenna.
  • the assembly of the various facets 20i (for example, with symmetry of revolution), as well as their profile are chosen to ensure a progressive and omnidirectional transition of the electric field between an excitation point 21 disposed at the level of the lower plane 6 and the plane
  • the excitation point 21 is, for example, a conductive cylinder formed for example in a machined metal material, providing the mechanical and electrical interface between the core of the connector 22 and the broadband exciter.
  • the facets 20i may be metal plates, metal fabric or formed of metal rods.
  • the facets 20i are, for example, connected to each other and to the upper plate 5 by means of metal screws (or conductive). Any other fastener allowing electrical continuity between the two parts may be considered. It is also possible to use a mechanically welded technique.
  • the various metal parts are, for example, screwed or nested with each other so as to ensure good mechanical strength and electrical continuity from the core of the connector 22 to the exciter junction - upper plate. Any other technique allowing an assembly ensuring, on the one hand, a mechanical strength and on the other hand an electrical continuity can be used.
  • the combination of elements 20 and 23 forms the broadband exciter.
  • the assembly has an outer surface Se and a surface profile Ps adapted to generate a linear vertical polarization electric field created between the two plates 5, 6, under the effect of a signal applied at an excitation point 21 of the antenna, said electric field propagating within a guiding structure formed by the upper plate, the lower plate and the excitation means.
  • the metal cone 23 makes it possible to ensure the mechanical and electrical interface between the facets 20i and the excitation point 21.
  • the exciter can take different forms and consist of one or more parts as long as this gradual transition is ensured between the two planes or the two plates.
  • the progressive transition is defined in the context of the invention as a transition or mechanical profile progressive symmetry of revolution between the excitation point 21 and the upper plate 5 for very broadband impedance matching.
  • the broadband excitation means generates, for example, a vertically polarized electric field.
  • the broadband excitation means is, for example, adapted to create an electric field propagating between the two plates said antenna generating an omnidirectional radio radiation in azimuth oriented towards the ground and the horizon.
  • the use of facets to form the outer wall of the exciter offers advantages such as facilitating the assembly and manufacture of the system.
  • the excitation of the facets 20i is provided by a conical metal cylinder 23 at the top of which is placed the excitation point 21 and at the base of which are fixed the metal facets 20i.
  • This part 23 of the system is not necessarily conical, but may be cylindrical, hemispherical, exponential or logarithmic, according to shapes and profiles known to those skilled in the art.
  • the dimensions above are given for illustrative purposes. Indeed, the dimensions of the upper plane may be greater, smaller or equal to the dimensions of the lower plane according to the desired orientation of the radiation, to the ground, the horizon or the sky.
  • the shape of the plates can be rectangular, circular, square, ovoid or polygonal complex depending on the surface acceptable by the wearer and the specification relating to the omnidirectionality of the radiation patterns.
  • the figure 2 shows a detailed view of the receiving antenna having in this example an interception role. It is constituted by the ferrite plane 11 placed on the metallic plane 12 on the one hand, and by a logarithmic spiral discretized (ie whose logarithmic evolution is not done continuously but by piece) to two arms, B1, B2, with a square profile constituted by elements 13, 14 and 15, respectively adapted for low frequencies, medium frequencies and high frequencies.
  • Element 13 is constituted by volume turns of constant diameter and pitch per spiral side, that is, each spiral side will see a constant pitch that will be different from another spiral side.
  • a logarithmic progression for example, makes it possible to change the pitch of the turns between two consecutive sides of the square spiral. These turns make it possible to inductively charge the profile of the spiral and thus reduce its surface bulk.
  • the portion 14 is a planar logarithmic square spiral profile placed in continuity and in the same plane as the element 13.
  • the portion 15 is made by conformation of a logarithmic spiral square profile on a pyramid with four faces. The conformation of 15 allows an improvement of the radiation performance at the high frequency horizon.
  • the four-sided pyramid as the support 16 of the elements 13 and 14 is made, for example, of relative permittivity foam close to 1.
  • Ferrite tiles contribute to the reduction of the height of the receiving antenna but also to the absorption of currents This last point also favors the optimization of the decoupling between the reception and the emission, corresponding in the context of the application to the interception and to the jamming.
  • the Figures 3A and 3B give a more detailed view of the elements 13, 14 and 15.
  • the pitch used between each turn constituting the element 13 is chosen constant here by side of the antenna to facilitate the industrial realization of the element 13.
  • the progression of this step can follow different quasi-logarithmic laws. However, care should be taken to use profiles with an important step on the first turns in order to minimize the phenomena of mismatch induced by overly pronounced reflection phenomena on these inductive elements.
  • the excitation of the arms of the complete spiral forming the antenna 2 is in the center of 15 via a broadband impedance transformer with its outputs in phase opposition.
  • the impedance ratio to be established is a function of the diameter of the wires constituting the arms of the spiral at level 15 and to a lesser extent of 13 and 14.
  • Conductive elements 17 provide the electrical connections between elements 14 and 15.
  • the figure 4 represents the measured decoupling obtained between the transmitting antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 on the frequency band 30 MHz - 3000 MHz for a configuration established according to the principle described above.
  • the decoupling is very high over the entire frequency band despite the quasi-collocation of the radiating elements.
  • the figure 5 represents the measured standing wave ratios obtained for the transmitting antenna 1 and the intercepting antenna 2 on the frequency band 30 MHz - 3000 MHz for a configuration established according to the principle described above.
  • this ratio remains lower than 6 over the whole band and less than 2: 1 from 100 MHz.
  • the use of this antenna system in the presence of a small 4x4 type carrier vehicle reduces this ratio to 3: 1 over the entire band 30 MHz - 3000 MHz.
  • the interceptor antenna the standing wave ratio is less than 4: 1 on 95% of the band, with an interceptor antenna 2 of 500 mm x 500 mm on a plane 11 of 700 mm x 700 mm .
  • the use of a larger spiral would result in a lower ROS of 4: 1 over the entire 30 MHz - 3000 MHz band.
  • the optimization of the radiation on the horizon of the receiving antenna is obtained in particular thanks to the shape of the central part of the antenna, relative to the upper part of the bandwidth, which is shaped on a pyramid to four sides.
  • the gain of the receiving antenna is directly related to the impedance matching of the antenna.
  • the gain realized will be even better than the antenna will be well adapted.
  • the receiving (or interception) antenna is particularly compact. Its interweaving at the heart of the transmitting (or jamming) antenna favors this aspect. On the other hand, the fact that the modified spiral is disposed on a ferrite plane or an equivalent goes in the same direction.
  • the transmission and reception accesses are directly adapted to a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Omnidirektionales Ultrabreitbandantennensystem, das in einem gewählten Frequenzbereich arbeitet und zum Positionieren auf einem Träger ausgelegt ist und das Folgendes umfasst:
    • ein erstes Antennenelement (1), das in einem Sendemodus arbeitet und Folgendes umfasst:
    ○ eine erste leitende Platte (6) mit einer Länge L1 und einer Breite 11, mit der Fläche S1,
    ○ eine zweite leitende Platte (5) mit einer Länge L2 und einer Breite 12, mit der Fläche S2,
    ○ wobei die beiden Platten (5, 6) einen Abstand E voneinander haben,
    ○ ein Breitbanderregungsmittel (4) mit einer Außenfläche und einem Oberflächenprofil, das zum Erzeugen oder Erfassen eines elektrischen Feldes mit vertikaler Linearpolarisierung ausgelegt ist, die zwischen den zwei Platten (5, 6) unter der Wirkung eines Signals entsteht, das an einen Erregungspunkt (21) der Antenne (1) angelegt wird, wobei sich das elektrische Feld im Innern einer Führungsstruktur ausbreitet, die durch die erste Platte (6), die zweite Platte (5) und das Breitbanderregungsmittel (4) gebildet wird, wobei das Breitbanderregungsmittel (4) eine pseudokonische Form hat,
    ○ wenigstens eine leitende Verbindung (7), die zwischen der ersten leitenden Platte (6) und der zweiten leitenden Platte (5) angeordnet ist, wobei die ein oder mehreren Verbindungen (7) über wenigstens eine Anpassungsschaltung (8) mit den Platten verbunden sind,
    • ein zweites Antennenelement (2) des quadratischen Spiraltyps, das in einem Empfangsmodus arbeitet und auf einer Metallebene (12) platziert ist, die mit einem Material (11) des Ferrittyps bedeckt ist, das zum Erfassen der Ströme ausgelegt ist, wobei die Baugruppe im ersten Antennenelement (1) verschachtelt ist.
  2. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Antennenelement (2) in einem konischen Teil verschachtelt ist, der wiederum im oberen pseudokonischen Teil des Breitbanderregungsmittels integriert ist.
  3. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Antennenelement (2) von einem ersten Element (13), das so ausgelegt ist, dass es in den tiefen Frequenzen arbeitet, wobei das Element (13) von dichten Windungen mit konstantem/r Durchmesser und Teilung auf jeder Seite der Spirale gebildet wird, einem zweiten Element (14) mit einer planaren logarithmischen quadratischen Spirale, die in der Verängerung und in derselben Ebene platziert ist wie das Element (13), und einem dritten Element (15) gebildet wird, das für hohe Frequenzen ausgelegt ist und die Form einer vierseitigen Pyramide einer logarithmischen Spirale mit quadratischem Profil hat.
  4. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vierseitige Pyramide wie auch die Auflage (16) für die Elemente (13) und (14) aus einem Schaumstoff mit einer relativen Durchlässigkeit nahe 1 gefertigt sind.
  5. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die leitenden Platten (5, 6) mit Öffnungen versehen sind, die eine Befestigung der Metallverbindungen (7) und der Anpassungsschaltungen (8) zulassen.
  6. Antennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anpassungsschaltungen (8) der Antenne von einem oder mehreren Elementen gebildet werden, die aus der folgenden Liste ausgewählt sind: Widerstand, Kondensator und/oder Leistungsinduktor.
  7. Antennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anpassungsschaltung von einem oder mehreren Leistungswiderständen gebildet wird.
  8. Antennensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Frequenzbereich zwischen 30 MHz und 3000 MHz liegt.
EP10723616.8A 2009-06-30 2010-06-16 Omnidirektionales kompaktes breitbandantennensystem mit zwei weitgehend entkoppelten separaten übertragungs- und empfangszugangsleitungen Active EP2449629B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0903185A FR2947391B1 (fr) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Systeme antennaire compacte omnidirectionnel et large bande comportant deux acces emission et reception separes fortement decouples
PCT/EP2010/058494 WO2011000703A1 (fr) 2009-06-30 2010-06-16 Systeme antennaire compacte omnidirectionnel et large bande comportant deux acces emission et reception separes fortement decouples

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2449629A1 EP2449629A1 (de) 2012-05-09
EP2449629B1 true EP2449629B1 (de) 2013-07-24

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EP (1) EP2449629B1 (de)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013004774B3 (de) * 2013-03-20 2014-09-25 Cetecom Gmbh Zirkular polarisierte Breitbandantenne und Anordnung derselben in einem reflektionsarmen Raum
CN109786931B (zh) * 2019-03-12 2020-08-25 电子科技大学 一种紧凑型宽带垂直极化全向天线

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FR2372522A1 (fr) * 1976-11-30 1978-06-23 Thomson Csf Antenne omnidirectionnelle a diagramme de directivite reglable en site
EP0978899A1 (de) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-09 Radiacion y Microondas, S.A. Parabolförmige Antenne mit Isoflux-Strahlungsdiagramm

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FR2947391B1 (fr) 2011-06-17
EP2449629A1 (de) 2012-05-09
WO2011000703A1 (fr) 2011-01-06
FR2947391A1 (fr) 2010-12-31

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