EP2449629B1 - Omnidirectional, broadband compact antenna system comprising two highly decoupled separate transmission and reception access lines - Google Patents
Omnidirectional, broadband compact antenna system comprising two highly decoupled separate transmission and reception access lines Download PDFInfo
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- EP2449629B1 EP2449629B1 EP10723616.8A EP10723616A EP2449629B1 EP 2449629 B1 EP2449629 B1 EP 2449629B1 EP 10723616 A EP10723616 A EP 10723616A EP 2449629 B1 EP2449629 B1 EP 2449629B1
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- antenna
- antenna system
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
Definitions
- the object of the invention relates to a compact omnidirectional and very wideband antennal system comprising a separate access access and reception access and very strongly decoupled, that is to say, an antenna element having a transmission function and a antennal element having a reception function.
- the invention lies in the field of antennas or antenna systems dedicated to electromagnetic wave emission / reception applications in a very wide band, for example 30-3000 MHz.
- the concept implemented in the invention can be integrated on all types of carrier (terrestrial, naval or airborne). It is particularly suitable for integration on the roof of a mobile carrier (civilian and military vehicles). It can be exploited in other frequency bands than the one mentioned above.
- Different antennal structures are known to the Applicant, such as monopole type antennas, saber antennas, dipole type antennas, biconical or discone antennas, or antennas loaded with a resistor or a resistor. box of agreement.
- the antenna structure according to the invention solves at least one or more of the aforementioned problems.
- the second antennal element is, for example, nested in a conical portion itself integrated in the high pseudo-conical portion of said broadband excitation means.
- the second antennal element may consist of a first element adapted to operate at low frequencies, said first element being constituted by volumic turns of constant diameter and pitch per spiral side, a second element having a logarithmic square spiral profile. planar plane placed in continuity and in the same plane as said first element, a third element adapted for high frequencies and made by conformation on a pyramid with four sides of a logarithmic spiral with a square profile.
- the four-sided pyramid as well as the support of the elements can be made of relative permittivity foam close to 1.
- Said conductive plates are provided with orifices for fixing the metal links and adaptation circuits.
- Said matching circuits or antenna load circuits are constituted by one or more of the elements selected from the following list: resistance, capacitance and / or power choke.
- the matching circuit consists of one or more power resistors.
- the first antennal element has an optimized radiation towards the ground and the horizon.
- the second antennal element associated with the metallic plane covered with the ferrite tiles has an optimized radiation upwards and the horizon, ie. in a hemispherical way.
- the antennal system has a strong decoupling between the first antennal emission element and the antennal receiving element. It operates according to an electric field component in vertical polarization. The presence of the plane of ferrite tiles accentuates the decoupling between the antennal emission element and the antennal receiving element by trapping the currents at the level of the metal plane.
- the first antennal element supports strong powers.
- the following description aims at a use for the emission of electromagnetic waves on the horizon and below the horizon (that is to say towards the bottom) in the vertical plane and 360 ° azimuth in the horizontal plane, and for the interception of electromagnetic waves on the horizon and above the horizon in the vertical plane and on 360 ° of azimuth in the horizontal plane, for operation in a frequency range from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.
- the Figure 1A represents a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of the antenna system according to the invention.
- the antenna 1 used in the present description for illustrative purposes is detailed in the applicant's patent application. FR 08 07230 .
- the antenna 1 consists, for example, of a lower plate 6 made of a conductive material such as a metal material having, for example, a length L1 of 2000mm and a width 11 of 1700 mm.
- This plate may be a planar or substantially planar metallic part independent or any of a carrier V ( Figure 1 D) .
- a second conductive plate which, in this example, corresponds to the upper plate 5 and having a length L2 in this example of 2000 mm and a width I2 of 1700 mm ( Figure 1 B) forms the upper plane of the antennal system according to the invention.
- the plate 6 forming the lower plane and the plate 5 forming the upper plane may have an identical surface respectively S1, S2.
- the two plates can be made of the same metallic material adapted to microwave frequencies.
- the lower plate 6 and the upper plate 5 are spaced apart by a distance or gap E.
- the value of the spacing E between the two plates is chosen according to the minimum frequency of use.
- the spacing E may be less than the wavelength, corresponding to the minimum operating frequency, divided by 8.
- the larger the dimensions of the plates the smaller the spacing of the plates may be.
- the antenna system according to the invention comprises a second antenna or antenna element 2 placed, for example, above the first antenna 1.
- a second antenna or antenna element 2 placed, for example, above the first antenna 1.
- the integration of the antenna 2 in the antenna 1. For a cavity depth greater than or equal to the vertical size of the antenna 2, and in the case of a pseudo-conical or conical cavity it is then possible to fully integrate the second antennal element in a conical portion, itself integrated in the high pseudo-conical portion of said broadband excitation means.
- the metal cavity may be of any shape, nevertheless the use of a conical or pseudo-conical type of cavity makes it possible to improve the radiation performance of the antenna 2 for reception or interception on the horizon.
- the transmitting or scrambling antenna 1 is constituted by a broadband exciter 4 positioned between the metal planes 5 and 6 in which a matrix of holes Ti is formed in order to receive metal links 7 loaded by power resistors 8 or of adaptation circuits.
- the metal links 7 have the particular function of allowing electrical conduction between the various elements.
- the dielectric spacers 9 and 10 have the particular function of ensuring a mechanical rigidity of the system.
- the power resistors 8 can be arranged either in the upper part of the metal link 7 at the level of the upper plate 6, or as mentioned on the Figures 1A, 1B in the lower part of the metal link 7 at the lower plate 6 of the antenna.
- the power resistor instead of the power resistor, it is possible to use a charging circuit or matching circuit composed of one or more of the elements selected from the following list: resistance, inductance, and / or capacity, the elements mentioned being used alone or in combination, knowing that the final function will be to ensure the adaptation of the antennal system.
- the resistance values chosen to illustrate the invention provide an adaptation of the antenna 1 to a characteristic impedance 50 ohms, and accept high power on the transmission path.
- the conductive metal bonds 7 may be made of any type of material having conductive properties adapted to microwave frequencies.
- the receiving antenna 2 is placed above a metal plane 12 covered almost completely by ferrite tiles 11 ( Figure 1 B) .
- These tiles can have a shape, a thickness and characteristics of permittivity and variable permeability insofar as they retain absorption properties for the frequency bands 30 MHz -1000 MHz, in this example. They must remain attached to each other as much as possible. It is therefore appropriate to fix them, to stick them or to reduce their freedom of movement by an appropriate device. They make it possible to reduce to a few cm the thickness of the antenna 2 by absorption of the currents reflected on the metallic plane 12. They also make it possible to reduce the coupling between the transmitting antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 and of to make possible the radiation of the receiving antenna 2 in vertical polarization on the horizon, while not disturbing the radio performance of the transmitting antenna 1.
- the radiation of the transmitting antenna 1 is specifically oriented towards the horizon or towards the ground while the receiving antenna 2 equipped with these ferrite tiles proposes a radiation directed towards the horizon or toward the upper hemisphere. .
- This decorrelation of the radiation patterns greatly favors the decoupling between the two antennas.
- the direction of the radiation arrows is symbolized on the figure 1D .
- the receiving antenna 2 (or interception) and the transmitting antenna 1 (or scrambling) according to the invention provide by construction an electromagnetic wave with a predominantly vertical polarization on the horizon.
- the broadband exciter has the particular function of establishing an electric field E guided between the two planes (5, 6) and its outer wall S 3 .
- the exciter may consist of several conductive facets (metal, for example) 20i whose profile of their outer wall has been optimized to operate on the bandwidth of the antenna.
- the assembly of the various facets 20i (for example, with symmetry of revolution), as well as their profile are chosen to ensure a progressive and omnidirectional transition of the electric field between an excitation point 21 disposed at the level of the lower plane 6 and the plane
- the excitation point 21 is, for example, a conductive cylinder formed for example in a machined metal material, providing the mechanical and electrical interface between the core of the connector 22 and the broadband exciter.
- the facets 20i may be metal plates, metal fabric or formed of metal rods.
- the facets 20i are, for example, connected to each other and to the upper plate 5 by means of metal screws (or conductive). Any other fastener allowing electrical continuity between the two parts may be considered. It is also possible to use a mechanically welded technique.
- the various metal parts are, for example, screwed or nested with each other so as to ensure good mechanical strength and electrical continuity from the core of the connector 22 to the exciter junction - upper plate. Any other technique allowing an assembly ensuring, on the one hand, a mechanical strength and on the other hand an electrical continuity can be used.
- the combination of elements 20 and 23 forms the broadband exciter.
- the assembly has an outer surface Se and a surface profile Ps adapted to generate a linear vertical polarization electric field created between the two plates 5, 6, under the effect of a signal applied at an excitation point 21 of the antenna, said electric field propagating within a guiding structure formed by the upper plate, the lower plate and the excitation means.
- the metal cone 23 makes it possible to ensure the mechanical and electrical interface between the facets 20i and the excitation point 21.
- the exciter can take different forms and consist of one or more parts as long as this gradual transition is ensured between the two planes or the two plates.
- the progressive transition is defined in the context of the invention as a transition or mechanical profile progressive symmetry of revolution between the excitation point 21 and the upper plate 5 for very broadband impedance matching.
- the broadband excitation means generates, for example, a vertically polarized electric field.
- the broadband excitation means is, for example, adapted to create an electric field propagating between the two plates said antenna generating an omnidirectional radio radiation in azimuth oriented towards the ground and the horizon.
- the use of facets to form the outer wall of the exciter offers advantages such as facilitating the assembly and manufacture of the system.
- the excitation of the facets 20i is provided by a conical metal cylinder 23 at the top of which is placed the excitation point 21 and at the base of which are fixed the metal facets 20i.
- This part 23 of the system is not necessarily conical, but may be cylindrical, hemispherical, exponential or logarithmic, according to shapes and profiles known to those skilled in the art.
- the dimensions above are given for illustrative purposes. Indeed, the dimensions of the upper plane may be greater, smaller or equal to the dimensions of the lower plane according to the desired orientation of the radiation, to the ground, the horizon or the sky.
- the shape of the plates can be rectangular, circular, square, ovoid or polygonal complex depending on the surface acceptable by the wearer and the specification relating to the omnidirectionality of the radiation patterns.
- the figure 2 shows a detailed view of the receiving antenna having in this example an interception role. It is constituted by the ferrite plane 11 placed on the metallic plane 12 on the one hand, and by a logarithmic spiral discretized (ie whose logarithmic evolution is not done continuously but by piece) to two arms, B1, B2, with a square profile constituted by elements 13, 14 and 15, respectively adapted for low frequencies, medium frequencies and high frequencies.
- Element 13 is constituted by volume turns of constant diameter and pitch per spiral side, that is, each spiral side will see a constant pitch that will be different from another spiral side.
- a logarithmic progression for example, makes it possible to change the pitch of the turns between two consecutive sides of the square spiral. These turns make it possible to inductively charge the profile of the spiral and thus reduce its surface bulk.
- the portion 14 is a planar logarithmic square spiral profile placed in continuity and in the same plane as the element 13.
- the portion 15 is made by conformation of a logarithmic spiral square profile on a pyramid with four faces. The conformation of 15 allows an improvement of the radiation performance at the high frequency horizon.
- the four-sided pyramid as the support 16 of the elements 13 and 14 is made, for example, of relative permittivity foam close to 1.
- Ferrite tiles contribute to the reduction of the height of the receiving antenna but also to the absorption of currents This last point also favors the optimization of the decoupling between the reception and the emission, corresponding in the context of the application to the interception and to the jamming.
- the Figures 3A and 3B give a more detailed view of the elements 13, 14 and 15.
- the pitch used between each turn constituting the element 13 is chosen constant here by side of the antenna to facilitate the industrial realization of the element 13.
- the progression of this step can follow different quasi-logarithmic laws. However, care should be taken to use profiles with an important step on the first turns in order to minimize the phenomena of mismatch induced by overly pronounced reflection phenomena on these inductive elements.
- the excitation of the arms of the complete spiral forming the antenna 2 is in the center of 15 via a broadband impedance transformer with its outputs in phase opposition.
- the impedance ratio to be established is a function of the diameter of the wires constituting the arms of the spiral at level 15 and to a lesser extent of 13 and 14.
- Conductive elements 17 provide the electrical connections between elements 14 and 15.
- the figure 4 represents the measured decoupling obtained between the transmitting antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 on the frequency band 30 MHz - 3000 MHz for a configuration established according to the principle described above.
- the decoupling is very high over the entire frequency band despite the quasi-collocation of the radiating elements.
- the figure 5 represents the measured standing wave ratios obtained for the transmitting antenna 1 and the intercepting antenna 2 on the frequency band 30 MHz - 3000 MHz for a configuration established according to the principle described above.
- this ratio remains lower than 6 over the whole band and less than 2: 1 from 100 MHz.
- the use of this antenna system in the presence of a small 4x4 type carrier vehicle reduces this ratio to 3: 1 over the entire band 30 MHz - 3000 MHz.
- the interceptor antenna the standing wave ratio is less than 4: 1 on 95% of the band, with an interceptor antenna 2 of 500 mm x 500 mm on a plane 11 of 700 mm x 700 mm .
- the use of a larger spiral would result in a lower ROS of 4: 1 over the entire 30 MHz - 3000 MHz band.
- the optimization of the radiation on the horizon of the receiving antenna is obtained in particular thanks to the shape of the central part of the antenna, relative to the upper part of the bandwidth, which is shaped on a pyramid to four sides.
- the gain of the receiving antenna is directly related to the impedance matching of the antenna.
- the gain realized will be even better than the antenna will be well adapted.
- the receiving (or interception) antenna is particularly compact. Its interweaving at the heart of the transmitting (or jamming) antenna favors this aspect. On the other hand, the fact that the modified spiral is disposed on a ferrite plane or an equivalent goes in the same direction.
- the transmission and reception accesses are directly adapted to a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms.
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Description
L'objet de l'invention concerne un système antennaire compact omnidirectionnel et très large bande comportant un accès émission et un accès réception séparés et très fortement découplés, c'est-à-dire, un élément antennaire ayant une fonction d'émission et un élément antennaire ayant une fonction de réception.The object of the invention relates to a compact omnidirectional and very wideband antennal system comprising a separate access access and reception access and very strongly decoupled, that is to say, an antenna element having a transmission function and a antennal element having a reception function.
L'invention se situe dans le domaine des antennes ou systèmes antennaires dédiés à des applications d'émission/réception d'ondes électromagnétiques dans une très large bande, par exemple 30-3000 MHz.The invention lies in the field of antennas or antenna systems dedicated to electromagnetic wave emission / reception applications in a very wide band, for example 30-3000 MHz.
Le concept mis en oeuvre dans l'invention peut être intégré sur tous types de porteur (terrestre, naval ou aéroporté). Il est particulièrement adapté pour une intégration sur le toit d'un porteur mobile (véhicules civils et militaires). Il peut être exploité dans d'autres bandes de fréquence que celle citée précédemment.The concept implemented in the invention can be integrated on all types of carrier (terrestrial, naval or airborne). It is particularly suitable for integration on the roof of a mobile carrier (civilian and military vehicles). It can be exploited in other frequency bands than the one mentioned above.
Le document de l'art antérieur
Pour les systèmes antennaires d'émission et de réception embarqués sur un porteur mobile, notamment ceux dédiés à des applications de brouillage ou de protection de convois, différents problèmes techniques sont à résoudre, dont les suivants :
- assurer un découplage entre les antennes de réception ou d'interception et les antennes d'émission ou de brouillage situées sur le même porteur,
- obtenir la largeur de bande fréquentielle à couvrir,
- obtenir l'adaptation d'impédance sur la bande de fréquence couverte,
- respecter une certaine compacité (hauteur, par exemple) de l'antenne,
- assurer un gain et une couverture de rayonnement (radioélectrique) de l'antenne,
- prendre en compte le porteur sur lequel est disposée l'antenne afin d'obtenir les performances évoquées ci-dessus,
- assurer une tenue en puissance pour l'antenne d'émission ou de brouillage,
- réaliser une compacité et une discrétion des éléments rayonnants par rapport à la bande couverte.
- decoupling between receiving or interception antennas and transmitting or jamming antennas located on the same carrier,
- obtain the frequency bandwidth to cover,
- obtain the impedance matching on the covered frequency band,
- observe a certain compactness (height, for example) of the antenna,
- ensure a gain and coverage of radio (radio) antenna,
- take into account the carrier on which the antenna is arranged in order to obtain the performances mentioned above,
- provide power handling for the transmitting or jamming antenna,
- achieve a compactness and discretion of the radiating elements with respect to the covered band.
Différentes structures antennaires sont connues du Demandeur, telles que, les antennes de type monopole, les antennes sabres, les antennes de type dipôle, les antennes biconique ou discône, ou encore les antennes chargées à l'aide d'une résistance ou d'une boîte d'accord.Different antennal structures are known to the Applicant, such as monopole type antennas, saber antennas, dipole type antennas, biconical or discone antennas, or antennas loaded with a resistor or a resistor. box of agreement.
Ces antennes présentent certains inconvénients, par exemple :
- Une largeur de bande limitée nécessitant l'utilisation de deux antennes pour couvrir la bande de fréquence d'utilisation précitée. Une telle architecture est susceptible d'accentuer les phénomènes de couplage et de masquage entre antennes lorsqu'elles sont installées proches l'une de l'autre,
- Un encombrement généralement important pour les fréquences basses ne répondant pas au critère de discrétion et de gabarit routier comme, par exemple, pour des applications de brouillage dédiées à la protection de convois,
- Des gains à l'horizon faibles et un rayonnement électromagnétique non optimisé évoluant généralement en fonction du porteur.
- A limited bandwidth requiring the use of two antennas to cover the above-mentioned frequency band. Such an architecture is likely to accentuate the phenomena of coupling and masking between antennas when they are installed close to one another,
- A generally large footprint for low frequencies that does not meet the criterion of discretion and road gauge such as, for example, for jamming applications dedicated to the protection of convoys,
- Weak gains on the horizon and un-optimized electromagnetic radiation usually evolve according to the wearer.
La structure antennaire selon l'invention permet de résoudre au moins un ou plusieurs des problèmes précités.The antenna structure according to the invention solves at least one or more of the aforementioned problems.
L'objet de la présente invention concerne un système antennaire omnidirectionnel très large bande travaillant dans une gamme de fréquences choisie destiné à être positionné sur un porteur et caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins en combinaison les éléments suivants :
- Un premier élément antennaire fonctionnant en émission et comportant :
- Une première plaque conductrice ayant une longueur L1 et une
largeur 11, de surface S1, - Une deuxième plaque conductrice ayant une longueur L2 et une
largeur 12, de surface S2, - Les deux plaques étant séparées par un écartement E,
- Un moyen d'excitation large bande ayant une surface externe et un profil de surface adaptés à générer ou capter un champ électrique à polarisation verticale linéaire créé entre les deux plaques sous l'effet d'un signal appliqué en un point d'excitation dudit premier élément antennaire, ledit champ électrique se propageant au sein d'une structure de guidage formée par la première plaque, la deuxième plaque et le moyen d'excitation large bande, ledit moyen d'excitation a une forme pseudo-conique.
- Au moins un lien conducteur disposé entre la première plaque conductrice et la deuxième plaque conductrice, le ou lesdits liens métallique étant reliés auxdites plaques via au moins un circuit d'adaptation,
- Une première plaque conductrice ayant une longueur L1 et une
- Un deuxième élément antennaire de type spirale carrée fonctionnant en réception placé sur un plan métallique recouvert d'un matériau de type ferrite adapté à piéger les courants, l'ensemble étant imbriqué dans ledit premier élément antennaire.
- A first antenna element operating in transmission and comprising:
- A first conductive plate having a length L1 and a
width 11, of surface S1, - A second conductive plate having a length L2 and a
width 12, of surface S2, - The two plates being separated by a gap E,
- Broadband excitation means having an outer surface and a surface profile adapted to generate or pick up a biased electric field vertical line created between the two plates under the effect of a signal applied at a point of excitation of said first antennal element, said electric field propagating within a guide structure formed by the first plate, the second plate and the broadband excitation means, said excitation means has a pseudo-conical form.
- At least one conductive link disposed between the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate, the one or more metal links being connected to said plates via at least one matching circuit,
- A first conductive plate having a length L1 and a
- A second antennal element of square spiral type operating in reception placed on a metal plane covered with a ferrite type material suitable for trapping the currents, the assembly being embedded in said first antennal element.
Le deuxième élément antennaire est, par exemple, imbriqué dans une partie conique elle même intégrée dans la partie pseudo-conique haute dudit moyen d'excitation large bande.The second antennal element is, for example, nested in a conical portion itself integrated in the high pseudo-conical portion of said broadband excitation means.
Le deuxième élément antennaire peut être constitué d'un premier élément adapté à fonctionner dans les basses fréquences, ledit premier élément étant constitué par des spires volumiques de diamètre et de pas constants par côté de spirale, un deuxième élément ayant un profil de spirale carrée logarithmique planaire placé dans la continuité et dans le même plan que ledit premier élément, un troisième élément adapté pour les hautes fréquences et réalisée par conformation sur une pyramide à quatre faces d'une spirale logarithmique à profil carré.The second antennal element may consist of a first element adapted to operate at low frequencies, said first element being constituted by volumic turns of constant diameter and pitch per spiral side, a second element having a logarithmic square spiral profile. planar plane placed in continuity and in the same plane as said first element, a third element adapted for high frequencies and made by conformation on a pyramid with four sides of a logarithmic spiral with a square profile.
La pyramide à quatre faces tout comme le support des éléments peut être réalisée en mousse de permittivité relative proche de 1.The four-sided pyramid as well as the support of the elements can be made of relative permittivity foam close to 1.
Lesdites plaques conductrices sont pourvues d'orifices permettant la fixation des liens métalliques et des circuits d'adaptation.Said conductive plates are provided with orifices for fixing the metal links and adaptation circuits.
Lesdits circuits d'adaptation ou circuits de charge d'antenne sont constitués par un ou plusieurs des éléments choisis parmi la liste suivante : résistance, capacité et/ou self de puissance.Said matching circuits or antenna load circuits are constituted by one or more of the elements selected from the following list: resistance, capacitance and / or power choke.
Le circuit d'adaptation est constitué d'une ou plusieurs résistances de puissance.The matching circuit consists of one or more power resistors.
De cette manière, le premier élément antennaire dispose d'un rayonnement optimisé vers le sol et l'horizon. Le deuxième élément antennaire associé au plan métallique recouvert des tuiles de ferrites dispose d'un rayonnement optimisé vers le haut et l'horizon, c.à.d. de manière hémisphérique.In this way, the first antennal element has an optimized radiation towards the ground and the horizon. The second antennal element associated with the metallic plane covered with the ferrite tiles has an optimized radiation upwards and the horizon, ie. in a hemispherical way.
Le système antennaire possède un fort découplage entre le premier élément antennaire d'émission et l'élément antennaire de réception. Il fonctionne selon une composante de champ électrique en polarisation verticale. La présence du plan de tuiles de ferrites accentue le découplage entre l'élément antennaire d'émission et l'élément antennaire de réception en piégeant les courants au niveau du plan métallique. Le premier élément antennaire supporte de fortes puissances.The antennal system has a strong decoupling between the first antennal emission element and the antennal receiving element. It operates according to an electric field component in vertical polarization. The presence of the plane of ferrite tiles accentuates the decoupling between the antennal emission element and the antennal receiving element by trapping the currents at the level of the metal plane. The first antennal element supports strong powers.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du dispositif selon l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation donné à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif annexé des figures qui représentent :
- La
figure 1A , une vue en perspective du système d'émission-réception selon une configuration de réalisation envisageable, - La
figure 1B , une vue de côté de lafigure 1A , - La
figure 1C , un détail de la constitution del'antenne 1 ou premier élément antennaire, - La
figure 1D un exemple de positionnement du système antennaire selon l'invention sur un porteur, - La
figure 2 , une vue détaillée de l'antenne de réception (ou d'interception), - La
figure 3A , une vue de dessus du profil des bras de spirale envisageable, - La
figure 4 , le découplage obtenu en mesure entre la partie émission et la partie interception du système pour une configuration donnée, - La
figure 5 , le rapport d'onde stationnaire obtenu en mesure pour la partie émission et la partie réception (ou interception) du système pour une configuration donnée, sans le porteur.
- The
Figure 1A , a perspective view of the transmission-reception system according to a possible embodiment configuration, - The
Figure 1B , a side view of theFigure 1A , - The
figure 1C , a detail of the constitution of theantenna 1 or first antennal element, - The
figure 1D an example of positioning of the antenna system according to the invention on a carrier, - The
figure 2 a detailed view of the receiving (or interception) antenna, - The
figure 3A , a top view of the profile of the spiral arms possible, - The
figure 4 , the decoupling obtained in measurement between the transmission part and the interception part of the system for a given configuration, - The
figure 5 , the standing wave ratio obtained in measurement for the transmission part and the reception (or interception) part of the system for a given configuration, without the carrier.
Afin de mieux faire comprendre le principe du système antennaire selon l'invention, la description qui suit vise une utilisation pour l'émission d'ondes électromagnétiques à l'horizon et en dessous de l'horizon (c'est-à-dire vers le bas) dans le plan vertical et sur 360° d'azimut dans le plan horizontal, et pour l'interception d'ondes électromagnétiques à l'horizon et au-dessus de l'horizon dans le plan vertical et sur 360° d'azimut dans le plan horizontal, pour un fonctionnement dans une gamme de fréquences variant de 30 MHz à 3000 MHz.In order to better understand the principle of the antennal system according to the invention, the following description aims at a use for the emission of electromagnetic waves on the horizon and below the horizon (that is to say towards the bottom) in the vertical plane and 360 ° azimuth in the horizontal plane, and for the interception of electromagnetic waves on the horizon and above the horizon in the vertical plane and on 360 ° of azimuth in the horizontal plane, for operation in a frequency range from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.
La
L'antenne 1 utilisée dans la présente description à titre illustratif est détaillée dans la demande de brevet du Demandeur
L'antenne 1 est constituée, par exemple, d'une plaque inférieure 6 conçue dans un matériau conducteur tel qu'un matériau métallique ayant, par exemple, une longueur L1 de 2000mm et une largeur 11 de 1700 mm. Cette plaque peut être une partie métallique planaire ou sensiblement planaire indépendante ou quelconque d'un porteur V (
La plaque inférieure 6 et la plaque supérieure 5 sont espacées d'une distance ou écart E. La valeur de l'écartement E entre les deux plaques est choisie en fonction de la fréquence minimale d'utilisation. Ainsi, l'écartement E peut être inférieur à la longueur d'onde, correspondant à la fréquence minimale de fonctionnement, divisée par 8. En règle générale, plus les dimensions des plaques seront grandes et plus l'écartement des plaques pourra être diminué.The
Le système antennaire selon l'invention comporte une deuxième antenne ou élément antennaire 2 placée, par exemple, au-dessus de la première antenne 1. En fonction de la profondeur de la cuvette conique 3 réalisée à l'intérieur de l'excitateur large bande 4 de l'antenne 1, il est possible d'ajuster l'intégration de l'antenne 2 dans l'antenne 1. Pour une profondeur de cavité supérieure ou égale à l'encombrement vertical de l'antenne 2, et dans le cas d'une cavité pseudo-conique ou conique, il est alors possible d'intégrer complètement le deuxième élément antennaire dans une partie conique, elle même intégrée dans la partie pseudo-conique haute dudit moyen d'excitation large bande. La cavité métallique peut être de forme quelconque, néanmoins l'utilisation d'une cavité de type conique ou pseudo-conique permet d'améliorer les performances en rayonnement de l'antenne 2 de réception ou d'interception à l'horizon.The antenna system according to the invention comprises a second antenna or
L'antenne d'émission 1 ou de brouillage est constituée par un excitateur large bande 4 positionné entre les plans métalliques 5 et 6 dans lesquels une matrice de trous Ti est réalisée afin de recevoir des liens métalliques 7 chargés par des résistances de puissance 8 ou de circuits d'adaptation. Les liens métalliques 7 ont notamment pour fonction de permettre la conduction électrique entre les différents éléments. Les entretoises diélectriques 9 et 10 ont notamment pour fonction d'assurer une rigidité mécanique du système. Les résistances de puissance 8 peuvent être disposées soit dans la partie supérieure du lien métallique 7 au niveau de la plaque supérieure 6, soit comme mentionné sur les
Les liens métalliques 7 permettant la conduction peuvent être constitués dans n'importe quel type de matériau présentant des propriétés conductrices adaptées aux hyperfréquences.The
L'antenne de réception 2 est placée au-dessus d'un plan métallique 12 recouvert quasi-intégralement par des tuiles de ferrites 11 (
Le rayonnement de l'antenne d'émission 1 est spécifiquement orienté vers l'horizon ou vers le sol alors que l'antenne de réception 2 muni de ces tuiles de ferrites propose un rayonnement plutôt dirigé vers l'horizon ou vers l'hémisphère supérieur. Cette décorrélation des diagrammes de rayonnement favorise très largement le découplage entre les deux antennes. La direction des flèches de rayonnement est symbolisée sur la
L'antenne de réception 2 (ou d'interception) et l'antenne d'émission 1 (ou de brouillage) selon l'invention fournissent par construction une onde électromagnétique à polarisation majoritairement verticale à l'horizon.The receiving antenna 2 (or interception) and the transmitting antenna 1 (or scrambling) according to the invention provide by construction an electromagnetic wave with a predominantly vertical polarization on the horizon.
L'excitateur large bande a notamment pour fonction d'établir un champ électrique E guidé entre les deux plans (5, 6) et sa paroi externe S3. L'excitateur peut être constitué de plusieurs facettes conductrices (métalliques, par exemple) 20i dont le profil de leur paroi externe a été optimisé pour fonctionner sur la largeur de bande de l'antenne. L'assemblage des différentes facettes 20i (par exemple, à symétrie de révolution), ainsi que leur profil sont choisis pour assurer une transition progressive et omnidirectionnelle du champ électrique entre un point d'excitation 21 disposé au niveau du plan inférieur 6 et le plan supérieur 5. Le point d'excitation 21 est, par exemple, un cylindre conducteur formé par exemple dans un matériau métallique usiné, réalisant l'interface mécanique et électrique entre l'âme du connecteur 22 et l'excitateur large bande. Les facettes 20i peuvent être des plaques métalliques, en tissu métalliques ou encore formées de tiges métalliques.The broadband exciter has the particular function of establishing an electric field E guided between the two planes (5, 6) and its outer wall S 3 . The exciter may consist of several conductive facets (metal, for example) 20i whose profile of their outer wall has been optimized to operate on the bandwidth of the antenna. The assembly of the
Les facettes 20i sont, par exemple, reliées entre elles et à la plaque supérieure 5 à l'aide de vis métalliques (ou conductrice). Toute autre fixation permettant une continuité électrique entre les deux parties peut être envisagée. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser une technique de type mécano soudé. Les différentes pièces métalliques sont, par exemple, vissées ou emboîtées les unes avec les autres de manière à assurer une bonne tenue mécanique et une continuité électrique depuis l'âme du connecteur 22 jusqu'à la jonction excitateur - plaque supérieure. Toute autre technique permettant un assemblage assurant, d'une part, une tenue mécanique et d'autre part une continuité électrique peut être utilisée. L'association des éléments 20 et 23 forme l'excitateur large bande. L'ensemble présente une surface externe Se et un profil de surface Ps adaptés à générer un champ électrique à polarisation verticale linéaire créé entre les deux plaques 5, 6, sous l'effet d'un signal appliqué en un point d'excitation 21 de l'antenne, ledit champ électrique se propageant au sein d'une structure de guidage formée par la plaque supérieure, la plaque inférieure et le moyen d'excitation. Le cône métallique 23 permet d'assurer l'interface mécanique et électrique entre les facettes 20i et le point d'excitation 21.The
L'excitateur peut prendre différentes formes et être constitué d'une ou plusieurs pièces du moment que cette transition progressive est assurée entre les deux plans ou les deux plaques. La transition progressive est définie dans le cadre de l'invention comme une transition ou profil mécanique progressif à symétrie de révolution entre le point d'excitation 21 et la plaque supérieure 5 permettant une adaptation d'impédance très large bande.The exciter can take different forms and consist of one or more parts as long as this gradual transition is ensured between the two planes or the two plates. The progressive transition is defined in the context of the invention as a transition or mechanical profile progressive symmetry of revolution between the
Le moyen d'excitation large bande génère, par exemple, un champ électrique à polarisation verticale.The broadband excitation means generates, for example, a vertically polarized electric field.
Le moyen d'excitation large bande est, par exemple, adapté à créer un champ électrique se propageant entre les deux plaques ladite antenne générant un rayonnement radioélectrique omnidirectionnel en azimut orienté vers le sol et l'horizon.The broadband excitation means is, for example, adapted to create an electric field propagating between the two plates said antenna generating an omnidirectional radio radiation in azimuth oriented towards the ground and the horizon.
L'utilisation de facettes pour constituer la paroi externe de l'excitateur offre notamment comme avantages de faciliter le montage et la fabrication du système. L'excitation des facettes 20i est assurée par un cylindre métallique conique 23 au sommet duquel est placé le point d'excitation 21 et à la base duquel sont fixées les facettes métalliques 20i. Cette partie 23 du système n'est pas nécessairement conique, mais peut être de forme cylindrique, hémisphérique, à profil exponentiel ou logarithmique, selon des formes et profils connus de l'Homme du métier.The use of facets to form the outer wall of the exciter offers advantages such as facilitating the assembly and manufacture of the system. The excitation of the
Les dimensions ci-dessus sont données à titre illustratif. En effet, les dimensions du plan supérieur peuvent être supérieures, inférieures ou égales aux dimensions du plan inférieur suivant l'orientation voulue du rayonnement, vers le sol, l'horizon ou encore le ciel. La forme des plaques peut être rectangulaire, circulaire, carrée, ovoïde ou polygonal complexe selon la surface acceptable par le porteur et la spécification relative à l'omnidirectionalité des diagrammes de rayonnement.The dimensions above are given for illustrative purposes. Indeed, the dimensions of the upper plane may be greater, smaller or equal to the dimensions of the lower plane according to the desired orientation of the radiation, to the ground, the horizon or the sky. The shape of the plates can be rectangular, circular, square, ovoid or polygonal complex depending on the surface acceptable by the wearer and the specification relating to the omnidirectionality of the radiation patterns.
La
Afin d'améliorer les performances en rayonnement de l'antenne en haute fréquence, les tuiles de ferrite présentes au centre du plan 11 peuvent être enlevées. L'élément 13 est constitué par des spires volumiques de diamètre et de pas constants par côté de spirale, c'est-à-dire que chaque côté de spirale verra un pas constant qui sera différent d'un autre côté de spirale. Une progression logarithmique, par exemple, permet de faire évoluer le pas des spires entre deux côtés consécutifs de la spirale carrée. Ces spires permettent de charger de manière inductive le profil de la spirale et de réduire ainsi son encombrement surfacique. La partie 14 est un profil de spirale carrée logarithmique planaire placé dans la continuité et dans le même plan que l'élément 13. La partie 15 est réalisée par conformation d'une spirale logarithmique à profil carrée sur une pyramide à quatre faces. La conformation de 15 permet une amélioration des performances en rayonnement à l'horizon en haute fréquence. La pyramide à quatre faces tout comme le support 16 des éléments 13 et 14 est réalisée, par exemple, en mousse de permittivité relative proche de 1.In order to improve the radiation performance of the high frequency antenna, the ferrite tiles present in the center of the
Les tuiles de ferrites contribuent à la réduction de la hauteur de l'antenne de réception mais également à l'absorption de courants susceptibles de circuler vers l'antenne d'émission 1. Ce dernier point favorise également l'optimisation du découplage entre la réception et l'émission, correspondant dans le cadre de l'application à l'interception et au brouillage.Ferrite tiles contribute to the reduction of the height of the receiving antenna but also to the absorption of currents This last point also favors the optimization of the decoupling between the reception and the emission, corresponding in the context of the application to the interception and to the jamming.
Les
La
La
Dans le domaine des antennes dédiées à de la protection de convois dans la bande de fréquence variant de 30 MHz à 3000 MHz, l'antenne selon l'invention présente notamment les avantages suivants :
- Un découplage important entre l'antenne d'émission et l'antenne de réception est obtenu d'une part, grâce à la décorrélation des diagrammes de rayonnement de chacune des antennes et d'autre part, par l'action absorbante des courants par les ferrites placées entre l'antenne spirale modifiée et l'antenne d'émission,
- L'adaptation sur une large bande passante de l'antenne de réception (ou d'interception) est obtenue en se basant sur un concept d'antenne quasi indépendante de la fréquence de type spirale modifiée. Cette antenne spirale modifiée est carrée. Elle possède deux bras chargés inductivement sur les derniers tours. Cette charge inductive est réalisée à l'aide de spires volumiques. La structure possède une progression logarithmique aussi bien sur le pas de la spirale que sur la progression de sa génératrice. Pour faciliter la réalisation de l'antenne, le diamètre et le pas de chaque côté de la spirale sont par exemple constant.
- A significant decoupling between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna is obtained on the one hand, thanks to the decorrelation of the radiation patterns of each of the antennas and on the other hand, by the absorbing action of the currents by the ferrites placed between the modified spiral antenna and the transmitting antenna,
- The wide bandwidth adaptation of the receiving (or interception) antenna is obtained based on an antenna concept that is almost independent of the modified spiral type frequency. This modified spiral antenna is square. She has two arms inductively loaded on the last laps. This inductive load is carried out using volumic turns. The structure has a logarithmic progression both in the spiral pitch and the progression of its generator. To facilitate the realization of the antenna, the diameter and the pitch of each side of the spiral are for example constant.
L'optimisation du rayonnement à l'horizon de l'antenne de réception, est obtenue notamment grâce à la forme de la partie centrale de l'antenne, relative à la partie supérieure de la bande passante, qui est conformée sur une pyramide à quatre côtés.The optimization of the radiation on the horizon of the receiving antenna, is obtained in particular thanks to the shape of the central part of the antenna, relative to the upper part of the bandwidth, which is shaped on a pyramid to four sides.
Le gain de l'antenne de réception est directement lié à l'adaptation d'impédance de l'antenne. Le gain réalisé sera d'autant meilleur que l'antenne sera bien adapté.The gain of the receiving antenna is directly related to the impedance matching of the antenna. The gain realized will be even better than the antenna will be well adapted.
L'antenne de réception (ou d'interception) est particulièrement compacte. Son imbrication au coeur de l'antenne d'émission (ou de brouillage) favorise cet aspect. D'autre part, le fait que la spirale modifiée soit disposée sur un plan de ferrite ou un équivalent va dans le même sens.The receiving (or interception) antenna is particularly compact. Its interweaving at the heart of the transmitting (or jamming) antenna favors this aspect. On the other hand, the fact that the modified spiral is disposed on a ferrite plane or an equivalent goes in the same direction.
Les accès de l'émission et de la réception sont adaptés directement sur une impédance caractéristique de 50 Ohms.The transmission and reception accesses are directly adapted to a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms.
Claims (8)
- An omnidirectional ultra-wideband antenna system operating in a selected frequency range, designed to be positioned on a carrier and characterized in that it comprises:• a first antenna element (1) operating in a transmitting mode and comprising:○ a first conducting plate (6) of length L1, of width 11 and of surface area S1,○ a second conducting plate (5) of length L2, of width 12 and of surface area S2,○ said two plates (5, 6) being separated by a gap E,○ a wideband excitation means (4) with an external surface and a surface profile designed to generate or capture an electrical field with vertical linear polarisation created between said two plates (5, 6) under the effect of a signal applied to an excitation point (21) of said antenna (1), said electrical field propagating within a guiding structure formed by said first plate (6), said second plate (5) and said wideband excitation means (4), said wideband excitation means (4) having a pseudo-conical shape,○ at least one conducting link (7) disposed between said first conducting plate (6) and said second conducting plate (5), the one or more links (7) being connected to said plates via at least one matching circuit (8),• a second antenna element (2) of the square spiral type operating in a receiving mode placed on a metal plane (12) covered with a material (11) of the ferrite type designed to capture the currents, the assembly being nested in said first antenna element (1) .
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that said second antenna element (2) is nested in a conical part which itself is integrated into the upper pseudo-conical part of said wideband excitation means.
- The antenna system according to claim 2, characterized in that said second antenna element (2) is constituted by a first element (13) that is designed to operate in the low frequencies, said element (13) being constituted by dense windings with constant diameter and pitch per side of the spiral, a second element (14) having a planar logarithmic square spiral placed in the extension and in the same plane as said element (13), a third element (15) that is designed for high frequencies and is realised in the shape of a four sided pyramid of a square profile logarithmic spiral.
- The antenna system according to claim 3, characterized in that the four sided pyramid and the support (16) for said elements (13) and (14) are made from foam with a relative permittivity that is close to 1.
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that said conducting plates (5, 6) are provided with orifices allowing the fixation of said metal links (7) and said matching circuits (8).
- The antenna system according to claim 1, characterized in that said matching circuits (8) of the antenna are constituted by one or more elements selected from the following list: resistor, capacitor and/or power inductor.
- The antenna system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said matching circuit is constituted by one or more power resistors.
- The antenna system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the frequency range is between 30 MHz and 3,000 MHz.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0903185A FR2947391B1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | AN OMNIDIRECTIONAL AND BROADBAND COMPACT OMNIDIRECTIONAL SYSTEM COMPRISING TWO SEPARATELY DISPENSED TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION ACCES |
PCT/EP2010/058494 WO2011000703A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-16 | Omnidirectional, broadband compact antenna system comprising two highly decoupled separate transmission and reception access lines |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2449629A1 EP2449629A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EP2449629B1 true EP2449629B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP10723616.8A Active EP2449629B1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-16 | Omnidirectional, broadband compact antenna system comprising two highly decoupled separate transmission and reception access lines |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2449629B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2947391B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011000703A1 (en) |
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DE102013004774B3 (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-25 | Cetecom Gmbh | Circular polarized broadband antenna and arrangement of the same in a low-reflection space |
CN109786931B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2020-08-25 | 电子科技大学 | Compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
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FR2372522A1 (en) * | 1976-11-30 | 1978-06-23 | Thomson Csf | OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA WITH SITE ADJUSTABLE DIRECTIVITY DIAGRAM |
EP0978899A1 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-09 | Radiacion y Microondas, S.A. | Dish-type isoflux antenna |
-
2009
- 2009-06-30 FR FR0903185A patent/FR2947391B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-06-16 WO PCT/EP2010/058494 patent/WO2011000703A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2011000703A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
EP2449629A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
FR2947391A1 (en) | 2010-12-31 |
FR2947391B1 (en) | 2011-06-17 |
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