CN109786931B - Compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN109786931B CN109786931B CN201910184195.2A CN201910184195A CN109786931B CN 109786931 B CN109786931 B CN 109786931B CN 201910184195 A CN201910184195 A CN 201910184195A CN 109786931 B CN109786931 B CN 109786931B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, which comprises: the top metal radiating sheet, the lower dielectric plate, the middle metal column and a plurality of short circuit metal columns; a hollow area is formed in the lower dielectric plate, the upper end of the middle metal column is connected with the top metal radiating sheet, the lower end of the middle metal column extends towards the hollow area, the upper end of the short circuit metal column is connected with the top metal radiating sheet, and the lower end of the short circuit metal column is connected with the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate; the micro-strip feeder line penetrates through the hollow-out area of the lower dielectric plate and then is connected with the lower end of the middle metal column; the application provides a method for introducing capacitive reactance loading into a floor slot, so that an antenna obtains a new resonance mode, and a resonance mode obtained by introducing inductive reactance loading through a short-circuit metal rod is combined to form double-resonance work, so that the antenna obtains a good omnidirectional vertical polarization radiation characteristic in a wider range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna.
Background
The omnidirectional antenna is a device capable of transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves in an azimuth plane at 360 degrees without dead angles. Vertically polarized omnidirectional antennas have found a number of applications in the military and civilian fields such as indoor accurate positioning, WIFI coverage, bluetooth device reception, GPS signal reception, radar sensors, and the like. With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and the great improvement of semiconductor device performance, it is necessary for the front-end antenna serving as a transceiver to have the characteristics of small volume, low profile, high integration, and the like. Therefore, the omnidirectional vertical polarization antenna with the compact structure has wide application prospect. On the other hand, with the constraints of large information amount, high data transmission rate, high reliability and other conditions, the antenna is urgently required to have broadband operating characteristics. The method can greatly reduce the signal crosstalk between the multiple antennas, improve the signal transmission quality, remarkably reduce the manufacturing cost of a communication system and realize the system miniaturization. Therefore, a broadband compact antenna with an omnidirectional radiation lobe is receiving more and more attention, and has become a hot spot of current research.
For the research of the compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna, most of the research results which can be found at the latest are based on the form of a monopole radiation patch, and technical means such as reactance loading, sleeve loading, multi-slit loading and the like are carried out on the basis, so that the purpose of miniaturization radiation of the antenna is achieved. The essence of adopting these loading techniques is to introduce a new LC resonance mode, so that the antenna can still obtain broadband impedance characteristics in a compact size, and realize broadband operation. However, most studies do not provide clear physical mechanism analysis, and the antenna adjustment mode is complicated, the requirement on manufacturing accuracy is high, and the difficulty is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna. The monopole radiation structure loaded by a single metal radiation patch has the defects of narrow broadband, high section and the like. A method for introducing capacitive reactance loading into a floor slot is provided, so that the antenna obtains a new resonance mode, and the resonance mode obtained by introducing inductive reactance loading into a short-circuit metal rod is combined to form double-resonance operation, so that the antenna obtains good omnidirectional vertical polarization radiation characteristics in a wider range.
To achieve the above object, the present application provides a compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, comprising:
the top metal radiating sheet, the lower dielectric plate, the middle metal column and a plurality of short circuit metal columns; a hollow area is formed in the lower dielectric plate, the upper end of the middle metal column is connected with the top metal radiating sheet, the lower end of the middle metal column extends towards the hollow area, the upper end of the short circuit metal column is connected with the top metal radiating sheet, and the lower end of the short circuit metal column is connected with the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate; the microstrip feeder line penetrates through the hollow-out area of the lower dielectric plate and then is connected with the lower end of the middle metal column.
Furthermore, the antenna further comprises an insulating gasket, wherein the insulating gasket is fixed between the middle metal column and the lower dielectric slab and insulates the middle metal column from the lower dielectric slab.
Further, the hollow area is specifically a hole or a groove.
Furthermore, the upper end of the middle metal column is connected with the center of the lower surface of the top metal radiating sheet, the hollow area is located in the middle of the lower medium plate, the lower end of the middle metal column extends towards the center of the hollow area, and the short-circuit metal columns are evenly distributed around the middle metal column.
Furthermore, the upper layer of the lower dielectric plate is printed with a metal ground, and the lower layer is printed with a microstrip feeder.
Furthermore, a first bump is arranged at the upper end of the middle metal column, a first groove is formed in the lower surface of the top-layer metal radiating sheet, and the first bump is used for being embedded into the first groove to fixedly connect the middle metal column with the top-layer metal radiating sheet.
Furthermore, a second bump is arranged at the lower end of the middle metal column and is used for being embedded into the hollow area to be connected with the microstrip feeder line.
Further, the number of the short-circuit metal posts is specifically 4.
Further, the insulating gasket is specifically a PVC insulating gasket.
Further, the antenna is manufactured by adopting a PCB (printed Circuit Board) processing technology and a CNC (computer numerical control) processing technology.
The invention provides a design scheme of a vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna with a compact structure. Because the PCB technology and the CNC machining technology can be adopted and some fine hollow structures do not need to be controlled, compared with other reactive loading methods, the reactive loading method has the advantages of convenience in processing, simplicity in machining, high manufacturing precision and the like. In addition, an equivalent circuit model of the antenna is also provided for clearly explaining the radiation mechanism and guiding the design process of the whole antenna. The monopole radiation structure subjected to single top layer metal loading has the defects of high section, limited working bandwidth and the like. According to the invention, a circular aperture is formed on the bottom metal ground, so that capacitance loading is generated between the bottom metal ground and the metal cylinder, and a new LC resonance mode is obtained by combining the inherent inductance effect generated by the feed metal cylinder. In addition, four short-circuit circular metal columns which are symmetrically distributed are loaded, so that additional inductive loading is generated, and the inductive effect and the capacitance effect existing between the top-layer metal patch and the ground form another LC resonance mode. When the two resonant frequencies are properly spaced, a wider operating bandwidth can be obtained.
The working principle of the antenna is as follows:
in order for the antenna to form effective broadband radiation in a compact size, it is necessary to introduce reactive loading. For this purpose, a circular aperture is opened in the middle of the floor, capacitive reactance loading is formed between the circular aperture and the middle metal column, the capacitance effect and the inductance effect of the middle metal column form a new LC resonance mode, and the resonance frequency is f1. Because the PCB technology and the CNC machining technology can be adopted and some fine hollow structures do not need to be controlled, compared with other reactive loading methods, the processing method has the advantages of convenience in processing, simplicity in processing, high manufacturing precision and the like. On the other hand, a distributed capacitance effect exists between the top metal radiating sheet and the ground, and in order to introduce an inductive component, four symmetrically distributed circular metal short-circuit columns are loaded between the radiating sheet and the ground. Another LC resonance mode is formed, and the resonance frequency is f2. FIG. 2 shows the port reflection coefficient curve of the antenna, which can be observed from the data in the figureThe two resonant frequencies are located at 5GHz and 3.75GHz, respectively.
One or more technical solutions provided by the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:
the capacitive loading technology provided by the invention can introduce a new resonance mode, so that the antenna obtains double resonance working characteristics, and the antenna obtains broadband work under a compact size. The equivalent circuit model is simple and practical, not only has clear physical mechanism, but also has simple and convenient tuning, and can provide feasible design guidance for the antenna. Through the thought, the broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna with the compact size is provided, the working frequency band covers the frequency band from 3.64GHz to 5.36GHz, the relative bandwidth reaches 38.2%, the radiation pattern shown in the figure 5 is stable, the omnidirectional performance is good, and the cross polarization level is lower than-25 dB. The method can be applied to the fields of indoor accurate positioning, WIFI coverage, GPS signal receiving and the like.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention;
FIG. 1a is a schematic top view of an antenna structure of the present application;
FIG. 1b is a schematic side view of an antenna structure of the present application;
FIG. 1c is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower circuit board of the antenna structure of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of antenna port reflection coefficients simulated in the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of an antenna in the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the influence of simulation antenna key parameters on port reflection coefficients: FIG. 4a is a graph of the effect of different slot sizes on the floor on the port reflection coefficient, corresponding to C1(ii) a FIG. 4b is a graph showing the effect of different thicknesses of the lower dielectric plate on the port reflection coefficient, corresponding to L1(ii) a FIG. 4C shows the effect of different top sheet metal diameters on the port reflection coefficient, corresponding to C2(ii) a FIG. 4d is a graph of the effect of different shorting metal post diameters on port reflectanceCorresponds to L2；
FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of simulated radiation direction of the antenna at 4 GHz;
fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of simulated radiation direction of the antenna at 5 GHz.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Referring to fig. 1, the antenna is composed of a top metal radiating plate, a lower dielectric plate, a middle metal pillar, a short-circuit metal pillar, a PVC insulating spacer, and the like. The lower dielectric plate is a double-face plate, the upper layer is printed with a metal ground, and the lower layer is printed with a microstrip feeder. On the floor, a circular groove is arranged right below the middle metal column, and the four circular metal columns are arranged at a preset position (such as 0.12 lambda away from the central point) away from the central point0，λ0A center frequency vacuum wavelength) to form a symmetrical distribution, so that a short circuit is formed between the top metal radiating sheet and the floor. In order to avoid short circuit between the middle metal column and the printed metal ground on the upper layer of the dielectric plate, a thin PVC insulating gasket is added between the middle metal column and the printed metal ground, the dielectric constant of the insulating gasket is not high and is between 2 and 4, and the influence on the performance of the antenna is small. And a signal enters from the lower layer microstrip feeder line, reaches the middle metal cylinder through the metal through hole, and is then transmitted to the top layer metal radiating sheet to form a radiating current, so that electromagnetic waves are radiated to a free space. An equivalent circuit model of the entire antenna can be characterized by fig. 3.
To further illustrate the operation mechanism of the proposed antenna structure and simplify the antenna design process, fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna. Middle metal cylinderLumped capacitor C for capacitive reactance existing between the circular aperture of the floor1Instead, the inductive reactance of the intermediate metal column itself is applied L1Instead, C for distributed capacitance between the top metal sheet and ground2Instead, L for inductance introduced by four symmetrical metal cylinders2Instead, Ra is the radiation resistance of the antenna. Two LC resonance circuits respectively form two different resonance modes with resonance frequencies f1，f2. The simulation results obtained under various key parameters given in fig. 4 can illustrate the effectiveness of the equivalent circuit. As shown in FIGS. 4(a), (b), parameters D6 and h3 can be adjusted by C1And L1And larger D6 means C1The smaller, f1Moving towards higher frequencies, a larger h3 means L1The larger, f1Moving towards low frequencies. It should be noted that, in this process, due to the change of h3, in order to maintain the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms of the microstrip feed line, the width of the microstrip line should be changed accordingly. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 4(C), (D), parameters D1 and D4 can adjust C, respectively2And L2And larger D1 means C2The larger, f2Moving towards lower frequencies, a larger D4 means L1The smaller, f1Moving to a high frequency. The process has clear physical mechanism, simple and practical equivalent circuit and can conveniently provide guidance for antenna design.
The aperture of the circular groove formed in the floor (i.e., the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate) is not limited to a circular structure, but other similar structures such as an oval, a square and a triangle which can introduce capacitive reactance effect are applicable, and the principles are consistent and should be protected. The top layer radiation metal sheet is not only limited to be round, but also applicable to be square, triangular and oval, has consistent principle and is protected. The shape and dimensions of the floor are not limited to those given in the examples of the invention, but other similar dimensions and configurations are also suitable. In the invention, the metal ground of the lower dielectric plate is arranged on the upper layer, so that a reserved space is provided for a radio frequency circuit or a control circuit on the lower layer of the dielectric plate, signal shielding or blocking is formed through the ground, the ground can also be arranged on the lower layer of the dielectric plate, the microstrip feeder is arranged on the upper layer of the dielectric plate, and the effect is not very different. The top metal radiation patch is not limited to a metal sheet with good electric conductivity, and a thin PCB dielectric plate with copper coated on both sides or one side is still suitable. The four metal columns which are short-circuited and grounded are not limited to be cylindrical, square and polygonal. Fig. 3 shows an equivalent circuit model of the antenna, which plays a key role in clearly explaining the physical process of the proposed loading method and is intended to fall within the scope of protection.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. A compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna, characterized in that it comprises:
the top metal radiating sheet, the lower dielectric plate, the middle metal column and a plurality of short circuit metal columns; a hollow area is formed in the lower dielectric plate, the upper end of the middle metal column is connected with the top metal radiating sheet, the lower end of the middle metal column extends towards the hollow area, the upper end of the short circuit metal column is connected with the top metal radiating sheet, and the lower end of the short circuit metal column is connected with the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate; the micro-strip feeder line penetrates through the hollow-out area of the lower dielectric plate and then is connected with the lower end of the middle metal column; the upper end of the middle metal column is connected with the center of the lower surface of the top metal radiating sheet, the hollow area is positioned in the middle of the lower dielectric slab, the lower end of the middle metal column extends to the center of the hollow area, and the short-circuit metal columns are uniformly distributed around the middle metal column; the upper end of the middle metal column is provided with a first bump, the lower surface of the top metal radiating sheet is provided with a first groove, and the first bump is used for being embedded into the first groove to fixedly connect the middle metal column with the top metal radiating sheet; the lower end of the middle metal column is provided with a second bump, and the second bump is embedded into the hollow area and connected with the microstrip feeder line; the upper layer of the lower dielectric plate is printed with a metal ground, and the lower layer is printed with a microstrip feeder.
2. The compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, further comprising an insulating spacer secured between the middle metal post and the lower dielectric slab to insulate the middle metal post from the lower dielectric slab.
3. The compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the hollowed-out region is embodied as a hole.
4. The compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the number of shorted metal posts is specifically 4.
5. Compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that said dielectric spacer is in particular a PVC dielectric spacer.
6. The compact broadband vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna is manufactured using a PCB machining process and a CNC machining process.
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| CN201910184195.2A CN109786931B (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | Compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
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| CN201910184195.2A CN109786931B (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2019-03-12 | Compact broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
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| CN110556633B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2020-10-27 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband vertical polarization omnidirectional array antenna with adjustable unit number |
| CN110492243A (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 河北省鸿文通讯设备制造有限公司 | A kind of Novel high-isolation double polarized micro strip antenna |
| RU2770157C1 (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2022-04-14 | Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия имени Адмирала флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" | Broadband medium-wave transmitting antenna |
| CN113540774A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-10-22 | 电子科技大学 | Vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna |
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