EP2449623B1 - Modular band extension device for a very-wide-band omnidirectional antenna - Google Patents
Modular band extension device for a very-wide-band omnidirectional antenna Download PDFInfo
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- EP2449623B1 EP2449623B1 EP10723615.0A EP10723615A EP2449623B1 EP 2449623 B1 EP2449623 B1 EP 2449623B1 EP 10723615 A EP10723615 A EP 10723615A EP 2449623 B1 EP2449623 B1 EP 2449623B1
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
Definitions
- the object of the invention relates to a device with adjustable positions depending on the carrier vehicle to expand the band of use of a very broadband omnidirectional antenna, for example to expand the band 100 MHz-3GHz to the band 30 MHz-3GHz.
- adjustable positions refers to elements of the device whose position and / or disposition may change depending on the antenna used and the carrier on which it is located.
- the invention lies in the field of antennas or antenna systems dedicated to electromagnetic wave emission / reception applications in a very wide band.
- the document of the prior art US3587004 describes contra-directional couplers.
- the concept implemented in the invention can be integrated on all types of carrier (terrestrial, naval or airborne). It is particularly suitable for integration on the roof of a mobile carrier (civilian and military vehicles). It can be exploited in other frequency bands than the one mentioned above.
- antennal structures such as monopole antennas, saber antennas, dipole antennas, biconical antennas or discone, or antennas loaded with a resistor or a tuning box.
- the antenna structure according to the invention makes it possible to solve one or more of the aforementioned problems.
- the lower conductive plate of the antenna may be an independent plate attached to the carrier vehicle.
- Said locations provided on the plates are holes or orifices allowing adjustment or easy movement of the metal links of the matching circuit consisting of power resistors.
- the hole matrices or locations are extended around the metal planes and to near the junction of the upper metal plane and the upper part of the broadband exciter.
- the said metal links are inclined or perpendicular to the planes.
- the number and arrangement of the metal links provided with the matching circuit consisting of power resistors are defined taking into account the carrier on which the antenna is arranged.
- the value of the power resistors vary and are adapted according to their number and the carrier on which the antenna is arranged.
- the characteristics of the power resistors are chosen to allow the antenna to be used for high power applications also in the extended frequency band.
- the frequency operating band is between 30 MHz and 3 GHz.
- the matching circuit consists of, for example, one or more elements selected from the following list: resistance, capacitance and / or power choke.
- this according to the carrier vehicle intended to receive the antenna aims at using the antenna for emitting electromagnetic waves. on the horizon and below the horizon, that is to say, downwards and over 360 ° azimuth for a frequency band between 30 MHz and 3 GHz.
- the basic idea of the device according to the invention is to absorb a portion of the currents flowing on the reference antenna plates and to promote the excitation of the carrier vehicle which, given these dimensions radiate an electromagnetic field directed mainly towards the horizon in the low bands (30-100 MHz) of the transmitting antenna.
- the omnidirectional antenna operating in the frequency band (100-3000 MHz) sees its operating band very widely extended since it can then operate from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.
- the Figure 1A represents a side view of an example of an antenna structure disposed by means of the modular device according to the invention on a carrier vehicle V ( FIG.2A ).
- the antenna 1 used in the present description for illustrative purposes is detailed in the applicant's patent application. FR 08 07230 .
- An antenna 1 intended to be mounted on the support consists, for example, of a lower conductive plate 6 designed with a conductive material such as a metal material having for example a length L1 of 2000mm and a width 11 of 1700 mm.
- This plate may be a planar or substantially planar metallic part independent or any of a carrier V ( Figure 2A ).
- a second conductive plate which in this example corresponds to the upper plate 5 and has a length L2 in this example of 2000 mm and a width 12 of 1700 mm forms the upper plane of the antenna system according to the invention.
- the plate 6 forming the lower plane and the plate 5 forming the upper plane may have an identical surface.
- the two plates can be made of the same metallic material adapted to microwave frequencies.
- the lower plate 6 and the upper plate 5 are spaced apart by a distance or gap E.
- the value of the spacing E between the two plates is chosen according to the minimum frequency of use.
- the spacing E may be less than the wavelength, corresponding to the minimum operating frequency, divided by 8.
- the larger the dimensions of the plates the smaller the spacing of the plates may be.
- the antenna 1 is constituted by a broadband exciter 7 positioned between the metal planes 5 and 6 in which a matrix of holes 8 ( Figures 1B and 1C ) is performed in order to receive several metal links 2 loaded by power resistors 3.
- the metallic links have the particular function of allowing electrical conduction between the different elements.
- the power resistors 3 are preferably situated on the lower plate 6. These power resistors 3 are, on the one hand, connected to the metal links 2 connected to the upper plane 5 and, on the other hand, to the connected metal links 4 6. In fact, the metal planes 5 and 6 are connected to each other via the elements 2, 3 and 4.
- the number of metal links can vary depending on the need. These links, according to their number, their placement and the value of the power resistance 3, allow optimization of the adaptation of the low frequency structure by absorbing undesirable currents. They also make it easier to excite the carrier vehicle that participates in the radiation in the frequency band 30MHz-100MHz.
- the position of the metal links 2,4 as well as the power resistors 3 it is also possible to modify the radiation of the antenna, for example, to improve the radiation of the antenna in the presence of the carrier or to avoid radiation in one direction in the frequency bands of a few percent.
- the power resistors may have different values or not.
- the Figures 1B and 1C respectively show a view from above and a bottom view of an embodiment of the antenna.
- a matrix of holes 8 is formed in order to easily adjust the location of the elements 2, 3 and 4 and allow the latter to play their role of conductor between the planes 5 and 6.
- the metal links 2, 4 resistively charged by the power resistors 3 can be moved to all the positions 8 or holes Ti of the matrix.
- the dies will preferably be extended around the planes 5 and 6 and up to the junction of the metal plane 5 and the upper part 9 of the broadband exciter 7 present between the two planes 5, 6.
- the metal links can be inclined or perpendicular to the planes 5, 6. These links can be straight, bent or meandering.
- the metal plane 6 is directly made by a part of the carrier, for example when it corresponds to the roof of the vehicle (gallery or other), then the matrix of the missing plane 6 may not be realized and the elements 3, 4 directly attached to the carrier by means known to those skilled in the art or means that allow the conduction to be done.
- the conduction metal bonds can be made of any type of material having properties conductors from the moment when this material is adapted to operate in the microwave.
- the spacing between plates, the number and the arrangement of the metal links are, for example, determined according to the widening of the band of use to be obtained by using electromagnetic simulation tools.
- the omnidirectional antenna 1 provided with metal links loaded with power resistors 3, for example, is adapted to a characteristic impedance of 50 Ohms.
- the fact of using power resistors 3 allows this antenna 1 modified according to the invention to be used for high power applications on the band 30-3000 MHz.
- This antenna also has radio coverage mainly directed to the horizon and to the ground over the entire frequency band.
- the dielectric spacers 10 and 11 have the particular function of ensuring a mechanical rigidity of the system.
- a more complex matching or charging circuit composed of one or more elements chosen from the following list: resistance, inductance, capacitance, the elements mentioned being used alone or in combination, knowing that the final function will be to ensure the impedance matching and the radiation of the antennal system on any carrier.
- the broadband exciter 7 has the particular function of establishing an electric field E guided between the two planes 5, 6 and its outer wall Se ( Fig.1d ).
- the exciter may consist of several conductive facets (metal, for example) 20i whose profile of their outer wall has been optimized to operate on the bandwidth of the antenna.
- the assembly of the various facets 20i (for example, with symmetry of revolution), as well as their profile are chosen to ensure a progressive and omnidirectional transition of the electric field between an excitation point 21 disposed at the level of the lower plane 6 and the plane
- the excitation point 21 is, for example, a conductive cylinder formed for example in a machined metal material, providing the mechanical and electrical interface between the core of the connector 22 and the broadband exciter.
- Facets 20i can be metal plates, metal fabric or formed of metal rods.
- the facets 20i are, for example, connected to each other and to the upper plane 5 by means of metal screws (or conductive). Any other fastener allowing electrical continuity between the two parts may be considered. It is also possible to use a mechanically welded technique.
- the various metal parts are, for example, screwed or nested with each other so as to ensure good mechanical strength and electrical continuity from the core of the connector 22 to the exciter junction - upper plate. Any other technique allowing an assembly ensuring on the one hand a mechanical strength and on the other hand an electrical continuity can be used.
- the combination of elements 20 and 23 form the broadband exciter.
- the assembly has an outer surface Se and a surface profile P s adapted to generate a linear vertical polarization electric field created between the two plates 5, 6, under the effect of a signal applied at an excitation point 21 of the antenna, said electric field propagating within a guiding structure formed by the upper plate, the lower plate and the excitation means.
- the metal cone 23 makes it possible to ensure the mechanical and electrical interface between the facets 20i and the excitation point 21.
- the exciter can take different forms and consist of one or more parts as long as this gradual transition is ensured between the two planes or the two plates.
- the progressive transition is defined in the context of the invention as a transition or mechanical profile progressive symmetry of revolution between the excitation point 21 and the upper plate 5 for very broadband impedance matching.
- the broadband excitation means generates, for example, a vertically polarized electric field.
- the broadband excitation means is, for example, adapted to create an electric field propagating between the two plates said antenna generating an omnidirectional radio radiation in azimuth oriented towards the ground and the horizon.
- facets to form the outer wall of the exciter offers advantages such as facilitating the assembly and manufacture of the system.
- the excitement of facets 20i is provided by a conical metal cylinder 23 at the top of which is placed the excitation point 21 and at the base of which are fixed the metal facets 20i.
- This part 23 of the system is not necessarily conical, but may be cylindrical, hemispherical, exponential or logarithmic, according to shapes and profiles known to those skilled in the art.
- the dimensions above are given for illustrative purposes. Indeed, the dimensions of the upper plane may be greater, smaller or equal to the dimensions of the lower plane according to the desired orientation of the radiation, to the ground, the horizon or the sky.
- the shape of the plates can be rectangular, circular, square, ovoid or polygonal complex depending on the surface acceptable by the wearer and the specification relating to the omnidirectionality of the radiation patterns.
- the Figures 2A and 2B represent a proposed integration of the antenna 1 provided with the elements 2, 3, 4 according to the invention on a vehicle V 4x4 type.
- the elements 2, 3, 4 are placed so as to compensate for example the dissymmetry of the vehicle which influences the omnidirectionality.
- the Figures 3A and 3B represent a proposal for integration of the antenna 1 provided with metal links resistively charged on a Vehicle 11 of the Avant Armored Vehicle type.
- the elements 2, 3, 4 are placed so as to compensate, for example, the dissymmetry of the vehicle and the positioning of the antenna which influences the omnidirectionality.
- the figure 4 represents the standing wave ratio obtained for a configuration of the antenna 1, with and without the resisitively charged metal links and with and without a carrier vehicle.
- the invention allows a significant improvement of the low frequency adaptation without degrading the adaptation to the rest of the band.
- the invention also allows the carrier vehicle to contribute to the adaptation of the antenna 1.
- the curve I corresponds to the ROS as a function of the frequency for an antenna alone (without a vehicle and without a metal link resistively charged)
- the curve II corresponds to an antenna without a vehicle and with resistively loaded metal links
- the curve III corresponds to an antenna mounted on a vehicle and with resistively charged links.
- the figure 5 represents, in dB, the gain achieved on the horizon in vertical polarization over the frequency band 30-3000 MHz.
- the use of the invention in the presence of a carrier vehicle V allows a significant increase of the gain in low frequency and a stabilization of the latter on the intermediate frequencies by a judicious choice of the positioning of the elements 2, 3, 4.
- the gain in high frequency is not degraded by the presence of these elements.
- Curve IV represents the curve obtained without a vehicle with resistively charged metal links, curve V, a vehicle-mounted antenna and resistively charged metal links.
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Description
L'objet de l'invention concerne un dispositif à positions modulables en fonction du véhicule porteur permettant d'élargir la bande d'utilisation d'une antenne omnidirectionnelle très large bande, par exemple pour élargir la bande 100 MHz-3 GHz à la bande 30 MHz- 3GHz.The object of the invention relates to a device with adjustable positions depending on the carrier vehicle to expand the band of use of a very broadband omnidirectional antenna, for example to expand the
Par l'expression « positions modulables », la description vise des éléments du dispositif dont la position et/ou la disposition peuvent changer en fonction de l'antenne utilisée et du porteur sur laquelle elle se trouve.By the expression "adjustable positions", the description refers to elements of the device whose position and / or disposition may change depending on the antenna used and the carrier on which it is located.
L'invention se situe dans le domaine des antennes ou systèmes antennaires dédiés à des applications d'émission/réception d'ondes électromagnétiques dans une très large bande. Le document de l'art antétrieur
Le concept mis en oeuvre dans l'invention peut être intégré sur tous types de porteur (terrestre, naval ou aéroporté). Il est particulièrement adapté pour une intégration sur le toit d'un porteur mobile (véhicules civils et militaires). Il peut être exploité dans d'autres bandes de fréquence que celle citée précédemment.The concept implemented in the invention can be integrated on all types of carrier (terrestrial, naval or airborne). It is particularly suitable for integration on the roof of a mobile carrier (civilian and military vehicles). It can be exploited in other frequency bands than the one mentioned above.
Pour les systèmes antennaires d'émission et de réception embarqués sur un porteur mobile, notamment ceux dédiés à des applications de brouillage ou de protection de convois, différents problèmes techniques sont à résoudre, dont les suivants :
- ● obtenir la largeur de bande fréquentielle à couvrir,
- ● garantir l'adaptation d'impédance et la tenue en puissance sur la bande de fréquence couverte,
- ● respecter une certaine compacité (hauteur, par exemple) de l'antenne et la discrétion des éléments rayonnants par rapport à la bande couverte,
- ● assurer un découplage suffisant vis-à-vis d'antennes de réception ou d'interception situées sur le porteur,
- ● prendre en compte le porteur sur lequel est disposée l'antenne pour obtenir les performances finales attendues.
- ● obtain the frequency bandwidth to cover,
- ● guarantee impedance matching and power handling over the frequency band covered,
- ● respect a certain compactness (height, for example) of the antenna and the discretion of the radiating elements with respect to the covered band,
- ● ensure sufficient decoupling with respect to receiving or interception antennas located on the carrier,
- ● take into account the carrier on which the antenna is arranged to obtain the final performances expected.
Différentes structures antennaires sont connues du Demandeur, telles que, les antennes de type monopôle, les antennes sabres, les antennes de type dipôle, les antennes biconique ou discône, ou encore les antennes chargées à l'aide d'une résistance ou d'une boîte d'accord.Different antennal structures are known to the Applicant, such as monopole antennas, saber antennas, dipole antennas, biconical antennas or discone, or antennas loaded with a resistor or a tuning box.
Ces antennes présentent certains inconvénients, par exemple :
- ● Un encombrement généralement important pour les fréquences basses qui ne répondent pas au critère de discrétion et de gabarit routier,
- ● Une largeur de bande limitée nécessitant l'utilisation de deux antennes pour couvrir la bande de fréquence d'utilisation précitée. Une telle architecture est susceptible d'accentuer les phénomènes de couplage et de masquage entre antennes lorsqu'elles sont installées proches l'une de l'autre,
- ● Des gains à l'horizon faibles et un rayonnement électromagnétique non optimisé; celui-ci évoluant en fonction du porteur,
- ● Une utilisation de cellule d'adaptation d'impédance limitant l'efficacité de rayonnement des structures antennaires et leur tenue en puissance.
- ● A generally large footprint for low frequencies that do not meet the criterion of discretion and road gauge,
- ● Limited bandwidth requiring the use of two antennas to cover the above-mentioned frequency band. Such an architecture is likely to accentuate the phenomena of coupling and masking between antennas when they are installed close to one another,
- ● Weak gains on the horizon and un-optimized electromagnetic radiation; this one evolves according to the carrier,
- ● Use of impedance matching cells limiting the radiation efficiency of antenna structures and their power handling.
Dans le cas des antennes accordées ou accordables, la bande passante instantanée est limitée.In the case of tuned or tunable antennas, the instantaneous bandwidth is limited.
La structure antennaire selon l'invention permet de résoudre un ou plusieurs des problèmes précités.The antenna structure according to the invention makes it possible to solve one or more of the aforementioned problems.
L'invention concerne un dispositif modulable permettant d'élargir la bande d'utilisation d'une antenne omnidirectionnelle très large bande, ladite antenne étant disposée sur un véhicule porteur V, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins les éléments suivants :
- ● Une première plaque conductrice supérieure pourvue d'un ou plusieurs emplacements permettant de maintenir des liens métalliques, lesdits liens métalliques étant chargés avec un circuit d'adaptation, constitué des résistance de puissance,
- ● Une deuxième plaque conductrice inférieure pourvue elle aussi d'un ou plusieurs emplacements permettant de réaliser les contacts électriques entre les résistances de puissance et ladite plaque par des liens métalliques,
- ● Ladite antenne (1) comprend un excitateur large bande (7) ayant une surface externe et un profil de surface adaptés à générer ou capter un champ électrique à polarisation verticale linéaire créé entre les deux plaques (5, 6), ledit champ électrique se propageant au sein d'une structure de guidage formée par la première plaque (5), la deuxième plaque (6) et le moyen d'excitation large bande (7), ledit excitateur large bande étant de forme « pseudo-conique » et constitué de facettes conductrices, de tissu métallique ou de tiges métalliques.
- ● A first upper conductive plate provided with one or more locations for maintaining metal links, said metal links being loaded with a matching circuit, consisting of power resistor,
- ● A second lower conductive plate also provided with one or more locations for making the electrical contacts between the power resistors and said plate by metal links,
- Said antenna (1) comprises a broadband exciter (7) having an external surface and a surface profile adapted to generate or capture a linear vertical polarization electric field created between the two plates (5, 6), said electric field propagating within a guide structure formed by the first plate (5), the second plate (6) and the means for broadband excitation (7), said broadband exciter being of "pseudo-conical" shape and consisting of conductive facets, metal fabric or metal rods.
La plaque conductrice inférieure de l'antenne peut être une plaque indépendante rapportée au véhicule porteur.The lower conductive plate of the antenna may be an independent plate attached to the carrier vehicle.
Lesdits emplacements prévus sur les plaques sont des trous ou orifices permettant un réglage ou un déplacement aisé des liens métalliques du circuit d'adaptation constitué de résistances de puissance.Said locations provided on the plates are holes or orifices allowing adjustment or easy movement of the metal links of the matching circuit consisting of power resistors.
Les matrices de trous ou emplacements sont étendues sur le pourtour des plans métalliques et jusqu'à proximité de la jonction du plan métallique supérieur et de la partie supérieure de l'excitateur large bande.The hole matrices or locations are extended around the metal planes and to near the junction of the upper metal plane and the upper part of the broadband exciter.
Lesdits liens métalliques sont inclinés ou perpendiculaires aux plans.The said metal links are inclined or perpendicular to the planes.
Le nombre et la disposition des liens métalliques munis du circuit d'adaptation constitué de résistances de puissance sont définis en tenant compte du porteur sur lequel est disposée l'antenne.The number and arrangement of the metal links provided with the matching circuit consisting of power resistors are defined taking into account the carrier on which the antenna is arranged.
La valeur des résistances de puissance varient et sont adaptées en fonction de leur nombre et du porteur sur lequel est disposée l'antenne.The value of the power resistors vary and are adapted according to their number and the carrier on which the antenna is arranged.
Les caractéristiques des résistances de puissance sont choisies afin de permettre à l'antenne d'être utilisée pour des applications de forte puissance également dans la bande de fréquence étendue.The characteristics of the power resistors are chosen to allow the antenna to be used for high power applications also in the extended frequency band.
La bande de fonctionnement de fréquence est comprise entre 30MHz et 3 GHz.The frequency operating band is between 30 MHz and 3 GHz.
Le circuit d'adaptation est constitué, par exemple, d'un ou plusieurs éléments choisis parmi la liste suivante : résistance, capacité et/ou self de puissance.The matching circuit consists of, for example, one or more elements selected from the following list: resistance, capacitance and / or power choke.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du dispositif selon l'invention apparaîtront mieux à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation donné à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif annexé des figures qui représentent :
- ● La
figure 1 A , une vue de côté d'un exemple de structure antennaire sur laquelle l'invention est appliquée, - ● La
figure 1 B , une vue de dessus de lafigure 1 A , lafigure 1 C , une vue de dessous de lafigure 1 A , lafigure 1 D un détail de l'antenne illustrée à lafigure 1 A , - ● Les
figures 2A et 2B , vue de profil et vue de dessus, un exemple d'intégration d'une antenne sur un véhicule porteur de type 4x4, - ● Les
figures 3A et 3B , deux exemples d'intégration potentielle sur porteur de type véhicule blindé de l'antenne sur laquelle l'invention est appliquée, - ● La
figure 4 , le rapport d'onde stationnaire obtenu avec une antenne décrite auxfigures 1A à 1 D en présence ou non du dispositif selon l'invention et en présence ou non d'un véhicule porteur de petite dimension tel que spécifié enfigure 2 , - ● La
figure 5 , le gain réalisé à l'horizon en polarisation verticale avec une antenne décrites auxfigures 1 A à 1 D en présence du dispositif selon l'invention et en présence ou non d'un véhicule porteur de petite dimension tel que spécifié enfigure 2 .
- ● The
figure 1 A a side view of an example of an antenna structure on which the invention is applied, - ● The
figure 1 B , a top view of thefigure 1 A , thefigure 1 C , a view from below of thefigure 1 A , thefigure 1 D a detail of the antenna shown in thefigure 1 A , - ● The
Figures 2A and 2B , seen in profile and seen from above, an example of integration of an antenna on a 4x4 carrier vehicle, - ● The
Figures 3A and 3B two examples of potential carrier integration of the shielded vehicle type of antenna on which the invention is applied, - ● The
figure 4 , the standing wave ratio obtained with an antenna described inFigures 1A to 1D in the presence or absence of the device according to the invention and in the presence or absence of a carrier vehicle of small dimension as specified infigure 2 , - ● The
figure 5 , the gain achieved on the horizon in vertical polarization with an antenna described inFigures 1A to 1D in the presence of the device according to the invention and in the presence or absence of a carrier vehicle of small dimension as specified infigure 2 .
Afin de mieux faire comprendre l'architecture du dispositif à positions modulables selon l'invention, ceci en fonction du véhicule porteur destiné à recevoir l'antenne, la description qui suit vise une utilisation de l'antenne pour l'émission d'ondes électromagnétiques à l'horizon et en dessous de l'horizon, c'est-à-dire, vers le bas et sur 360° d'azimut pour une bande de fréquence comprise entre 30MHz et 3 GHz.In order to better understand the architecture of the device with adjustable positions according to the invention, this according to the carrier vehicle intended to receive the antenna, the following description aims at using the antenna for emitting electromagnetic waves. on the horizon and below the horizon, that is to say, downwards and over 360 ° azimuth for a frequency band between 30 MHz and 3 GHz.
L'idée de base du dispositif selon l'invention consiste à absorber une partie des courants circulant sur les plaques de l'antenne de référence et à favoriser l'excitation du véhicule porteur qui, compte tenu de ces dimensions rayonnent un champ électromagnétique dirigé principalement vers l'horizon dans les bandes basses (30-100 MHz) de l'antenne d'émission. L'antenne omnidirectionnelle fonctionnant dans la bande de fréquence (100-3000 MHz) voit sa bande de fonctionnement très largement étendue puisqu'elle peut fonctionner alors de 30 MHz à 3000 MHz.The basic idea of the device according to the invention is to absorb a portion of the currents flowing on the reference antenna plates and to promote the excitation of the carrier vehicle which, given these dimensions radiate an electromagnetic field directed mainly towards the horizon in the low bands (30-100 MHz) of the transmitting antenna. The omnidirectional antenna operating in the frequency band (100-3000 MHz) sees its operating band very widely extended since it can then operate from 30 MHz to 3000 MHz.
La
L'antenne 1 utilisée dans la présente description à titre illustratif est détaillée dans la demande de brevet du Demandeur
Une antenne 1 destinée à être montée sur le support est constituée, par exemple, d'une plaque conductrice inférieure 6 conçue avec un matériau conducteur tel qu'un matériau métallique ayant par exemple une longueur L1 de 2000mm et une largeur l1 de 1700 mm. Cette plaque peut être une partie métallique planaire ou sensiblement planaire indépendante ou quelconque d'un porteur V (
La plaque inférieure 6 et la plaque supérieure 5 sont espacées d'une distance ou écart E. La valeur de l'écartement E entre les deux plaques est choisie en fonction de la fréquence minimale d'utilisation. Ainsi, l'écartement E peut être inférieur à la longueur d'onde, correspondant à la fréquence minimale de fonctionnement, divisée par 8. En règle générale, plus les dimensions des plaques seront grandes et plus l'écartement des plaques pourra être diminué.The
L'antenne 1 est constituée par un excitateur large bande 7 positionné entre les plans métalliques 5 et 6 dans lesquels une matrice de trous 8 (
En choisissant judicieusement la position des liens métalliques 2,4 ainsi que des résistances de puissance 3, il est également possible de modifier le rayonnement de l'antenne, afin, par exemple, d'améliorer le rayonnement de l'antenne en présence du porteur ou afin d'éviter le rayonnement dans une direction sur les bandes de fréquences de quelques pourcents. Les résistances de puissance peuvent avoir des valeurs différentes ou non.By judiciously choosing the position of the
Les
Les liens métalliques peuvent être inclinés ou perpendiculaires aux plans 5, 6. Ces liens peuvent être droits, coudés ou à méandres. Dans le cas où le plan métallique 6 est directement réalisé par une partie du porteur, par exemple lorsqu'il correspond au toit du véhicule (galerie ou autre), alors la matrice du plan 6 manquant peut ne pas être réalisée et les éléments 3, 4 directement fixés sur le porteur par des moyens connus de l'Homme du métier ou encore des moyens qui permettent à la conduction de se faire.The metal links can be inclined or perpendicular to the
Les liens métalliques permettant la conduction peuvent être constitués dans n'importe quel type de matériau présentant des propriétés conductrices à partir du moment où ce matériau est adapté à fonctionner dans les hyperfréquences.The conduction metal bonds can be made of any type of material having properties conductors from the moment when this material is adapted to operate in the microwave.
L'espacement entre plaques, le nombre et la disposition des liens métalliques sont, par exemple, déterminés en fonction de l'élargissement de la bande d'utilisation à obtenir en utilisant des outils de simulations électromagnétiques.The spacing between plates, the number and the arrangement of the metal links are, for example, determined according to the widening of the band of use to be obtained by using electromagnetic simulation tools.
L'antenne omnidirectionnelle 1 munie des liens métalliques chargés par des résistances de puissance 3, par exemple, est adaptée sur une impédance caractéristique 50 Ohms. Le fait d'utiliser des résistances de puissance 3 permet à cette antenne 1 modifiée selon l'invention d'être utilisée pour des applications de forte puissance sur la bande 30-3000 MHz. Cette antenne présente aussi une couverture radioélectrique principalement dirigée vers l'horizon et vers le sol sur toute la bande de fréquence.The
Les entretoises diélectriques 10 et 11 ont notamment pour fonction d'assurer une rigidité mécanique du système.The
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, en lieu et place de la résistance de puissance, il est possible d'utiliser un circuit d'adaptation ou de charge plus complexe composé d'un ou plusieurs éléments choisis parmi la liste suivante : résistance, inductance, capacité, les éléments cités étant utilisés seuls ou en combinaison, sachant que la fonction finale sera d'assurer l'adaptation d'impédance et le rayonnement du système antennaire sur un porteur quelconque.Without departing from the scope of the invention, instead of the power resistance, it is possible to use a more complex matching or charging circuit composed of one or more elements chosen from the following list: resistance, inductance, capacitance, the elements mentioned being used alone or in combination, knowing that the final function will be to ensure the impedance matching and the radiation of the antennal system on any carrier.
L'excitateur large bande 7 a notamment pour fonction d'établir un champ électrique E guidé entre les deux plans 5, 6 et sa paroi externe Se (
Les facettes 20i sont, par exemple, reliées entre elles et au plan supérieur 5 à l'aide de vis métalliques (ou conductrice). Toute autre fixation permettant une continuité électrique entre les deux parties peut être envisagée. Il est aussi possible d'utiliser une technique de type mécano soudé. Les différentes pièces métalliques sont, par exemple, vissées ou emboîtées les unes avec les autres de manière à assurer une bonne tenue mécanique et une continuité électrique depuis l'âme du connecteur 22 jusqu'à la jonction excitateur - plaque supérieure. Toute autre technique permettant un assemblage assurant d'une part une tenue mécanique et d'autre part une continuité électrique peut être utilisée. L'association des éléments 20 et 23 forment l'excitateur large bande. L'ensemble présente une surface externe Se et un profil de surface Ps adaptés à générer un champ électrique à polarisation verticale linéaire créé entre les deux plaques 5, 6, sous l'effet d'un signal appliqué en un point d'excitation 21 de l'antenne, ledit champ électrique se propageant au sein d'une structure de guidage formée par la plaque supérieure, la plaque inférieure et le moyen d'excitation. Le cône métallique 23 permet d'assurer l'interface mécanique et électrique entre les facettes 20i et le point d'excitation 21.The
L'excitateur peut prendre différentes formes et être constitué d'une ou plusieurs pièces du moment que cette transition progressive est assurée entre les deux plans ou les deux plaques. La transition progressive est définie dans le cadre de l'invention comme une transition ou profil mécanique progressif à symétrie de révolution entre le point d'excitation 21 et la plaque supérieure 5 permettant une adaptation d'impédance très large bande.The exciter can take different forms and consist of one or more parts as long as this gradual transition is ensured between the two planes or the two plates. The progressive transition is defined in the context of the invention as a transition or mechanical profile progressive symmetry of revolution between the
Le moyen d'excitation large bande génère, par exemple, un champ électrique à polarisation verticale.The broadband excitation means generates, for example, a vertically polarized electric field.
Le moyen d'excitation large bande est, par exemple, adapté à créer un champ électrique se propageant entre les deux plaques ladite antenne générant un rayonnement radioélectrique omnidirectionnel en azimut orienté vers le sol et l'horizon.The broadband excitation means is, for example, adapted to create an electric field propagating between the two plates said antenna generating an omnidirectional radio radiation in azimuth oriented towards the ground and the horizon.
L'utilisation de facettes pour constituer la paroi externe de l'excitateur offre notamment comme avantages de faciliter le montage et la fabrication du système. L'excitation des facettes 20i est assurée par un cylindre métallique conique 23 au sommet duquel est placé le point d'excitation 21 et à la base duquel sont fixées les facettes métalliques 20i. Cette partie 23 du système n'est pas nécessairement conique, mais peut être de forme cylindrique, hémisphérique, à profil exponentiel ou logarithmique, selon des formes et profils connus de l'Homme du métier.The use of facets to form the outer wall of the exciter offers advantages such as facilitating the assembly and manufacture of the system. The excitement of
Les dimensions ci-dessus sont données à titre illustratif. En effet, les dimensions du plan supérieur peuvent être supérieures, inférieures ou égales aux dimensions du plan inférieur suivant l'orientation voulue du rayonnement, vers le sol, l'horizon ou encore le ciel. La forme des plaques peut être rectangulaire, circulaire, carrée, ovoïde ou polygonal complexe selon la surface acceptable par le porteur et la spécification relative à l'omnidirectionalité des diagrammes de rayonnement.The dimensions above are given for illustrative purposes. Indeed, the dimensions of the upper plane may be greater, smaller or equal to the dimensions of the lower plane according to the desired orientation of the radiation, to the ground, the horizon or the sky. The shape of the plates can be rectangular, circular, square, ovoid or polygonal complex depending on the surface acceptable by the wearer and the specification relating to the omnidirectionality of the radiation patterns.
Les
Les
La
La
Dans le domaine de l'interception dédié à de la protection de convois dans la bande de fréquence variant de 30 MHz à 3000 MHz, l'antenne selon l'invention présente notamment les avantages suivants :
- ● L'extension de bande en basse fréquence (30-100 MHz) est obtenue grâce aux liens métalliques chargés par des résistances de puissance. Les liens entre les deux plaques de l'antenne de référence permettant d'exciter le véhicule porteur susceptible de rayonner aux basses fréquences. La modularité des liens métalliques permet une disposition adaptée à chaque véhicule porteur en réduisant les défauts d'omnidirectionalité propre à chaque véhicule.
- ● L'adaptation dans la bande d'extension (30-100 MHz) est obtenue par le choix de la position des liens métalliques chargés par des résistances de puissance et par les valeurs de ces résistances. Les liens métalliques ne perturbent que très modestement l'adaptation de l'antenne de référence dans la bande supérieure (100-30000 MHz).
- ● La compacité est obtenue dans la bande d'extension grâce à l'excitation du véhicule qui participe alors au rayonnement,
- ● The low frequency band extension (30-100 MHz) is obtained thanks to the metal links loaded by power resistors. The links between the two plates of the reference antenna to excite the carrier vehicle may radiate at low frequencies. The modularity of the metal links allows an arrangement adapted to each carrier vehicle by reducing the omnidirectionality defects specific to each vehicle.
- ● The adaptation in the extension band (30-100 MHz) is obtained by the choice of the position of the metal links loaded by power resistors and by the values of these resistors. The metallic links disturb only very modestly the adaptation of the reference antenna in the upper band (100-30000 MHz).
- ● The compactness is obtained in the extension band thanks to the excitation of the vehicle which then participates in the radiation,
Claims (10)
- A modular device for widening the usage band of an omnidirectional ultra-wideband antenna, said antenna (1) being disposed on a carrier vehicle V, characterized in that it comprises at least the following elements:● a first upper conducting plate (5) provided with one or more locations (8) for maintaining metal links (2), said metal links (2) being charged with a matching circuit constituted by a power resistor (3),● a second lower conducting plate (6) also provided with one or more locations (8) for providing the electrical contacts between the power resistors (3) and said plate via metal links (4),● said antenna (1) comprises a wideband exciter (7) with an external surface and a surface profile designed to generate or capture an electrical field with vertical linear polarisation created between said two plates (5, 6), said electrical field propagating within a guiding structure formed by said first plate (5), said second plate (6) and said wideband excitation means (7), said wideband exciter being of "pseudo-conical" shape and being constituted by conducting facets, metal mesh or metal rods.
- The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said lower conducting plate (6) of said antenna (1) is an independent plate added to the carrier vehicle V or a conducting part of said carrier vehicle.
- The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said locations (8) that are provided on said plates (5, 6) are holes or orifices allowing easy adjustment or movement of said metal links (2, 4) and a matching circuit constituted by power resistors (3).
- The device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the matrices of holes or locations (8) are extended over the circumference of said metal planes (5, 6) and up to the vicinity of the junction of the upper metal plane (5) and the upper part (9) of said wideband exciter (7).
- The device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said metal links (2) are inclined or perpendicular to said planes (5, 6).
- The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the number and the arrangement of said metal links (2, 4) provided with the matching circuit that is constituted by power resistors (3) are defined by taking into account the carrier on which said antenna (1) is disposed.
- The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the values of said power resistors (3) is adapted as a function of their number and the carrier on which said antenna (1) is disposed.
- The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the characteristics of said power resistors (3) are selected so that said antenna (1) is used for high-powered applications that are also in the extended frequency band.
- The device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said matching circuit is constituted by one or more elements selected from the following list: resistor, capacitor and/or power inductor.
- The device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the frequency operating band is between 30MHz and 3GHz.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0903188A FR2947389B1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2009-06-30 | MODULAR BAND EXTENSION DEVICE FOR WIDE BAND OMNIDIRECTIONAL ANTENNA |
PCT/EP2010/058492 WO2011000702A1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-16 | Modular band extension device for a very-wide-band omnidirectional antenna |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2449623A1 EP2449623A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
EP2449623B1 true EP2449623B1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
Family
ID=41818957
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10723615.0A Active EP2449623B1 (en) | 2009-06-30 | 2010-06-16 | Modular band extension device for a very-wide-band omnidirectional antenna |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2449623B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2947389B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011000702A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3587004A (en) * | 1969-09-23 | 1971-06-22 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Contradirectional couplers |
EP0978899A1 (en) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-09 | Radiacion y Microondas, S.A. | Dish-type isoflux antenna |
-
2009
- 2009-06-30 FR FR0903188A patent/FR2947389B1/en active Active
-
2010
- 2010-06-16 EP EP10723615.0A patent/EP2449623B1/en active Active
- 2010-06-16 WO PCT/EP2010/058492 patent/WO2011000702A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2947389A1 (en) | 2010-12-31 |
FR2947389B1 (en) | 2011-06-17 |
EP2449623A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 |
WO2011000702A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
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