EP1590822B1 - Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs - Google Patents

Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1590822B1
EP1590822B1 EP04706610A EP04706610A EP1590822B1 EP 1590822 B1 EP1590822 B1 EP 1590822B1 EP 04706610 A EP04706610 A EP 04706610A EP 04706610 A EP04706610 A EP 04706610A EP 1590822 B1 EP1590822 B1 EP 1590822B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking
drive
armature
electromagnetic drive
magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP04706610A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1590822A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter-Klaus Budig
Ralf Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1590822A1 publication Critical patent/EP1590822A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1590822B1 publication Critical patent/EP1590822B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/066—Electromagnets with movable winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H53/00—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
    • H01H53/01—Details
    • H01H53/015—Moving coils; Contact-driving arrangements associated therewith

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic drive for a switch, in particular in the field of medium voltage engineering, with a drive unit comprising a magnetic body, an at least partially movably arranged in this armature, at least one permanent magnetic drive field generating drive magnet, and at least one at least partially in the drive magnetic field having extending conductor, wherein a locking unit is provided for locking the armature in at least one end position.
  • Such an electromagnetic drive is for example from the DE 198 15 538 A1 known.
  • the disclosed there drive has a three-phase linear motor, which is composed of several motor modules.
  • the motor module has a certain number of fixed motor coils and in this regard longitudinally movably guided moving parts with permanent magnets.
  • the excitation of the motor coils creates a magnetic field in which the permanent magnets of the moving part are arranged.
  • Due to the generated Lorentz force there is a drive movement of the moving part, which is connected via a switching rod with the moving contact of a switch.
  • the moving contact is pressed by the three-phase linear motor against a fixed contact of the switch, wherein the moving part reaches an end position.
  • This drive has a drive unit, which has a magnetic body, an at least partially movably arranged in this armature, a drive magnetic field generating coil and at least one at least partially extending in the drive magnetic field conductor. Furthermore, a locking unit for locking the armature is provided in at least one end position, wherein the locking unit has at least one soft magnetic moving part fixedly connected to the armature, which bridges an air gap for a locking magnetic field in each end position of the armature.
  • an electromagnetic drive which is a frame-shaped closed yoke having soft magnetic material which is stacked to avoid eddy currents from lamellae.
  • the yoke forms a cavity in which an existing of soft magnetic material anchor is movably guided between two end positions. In each end position, the armature contacts the soft-magnetic yoke with one of its end faces, an air gap being defined between the other end face of the armature opposite the contact point and the closed circumferential yoke.
  • In the cavity of the yoke further two coils are fixed, each surrounding one of the end faces of the armature. Between the coils permanent magnets for generating a magnetic flux are provided.
  • the anchor Due to the air gap, the anchor remains fixed in the respective end position. Due to the excitation of the coil, which encloses the air-gap side end, in the air gap, a high magnetic flux is generated that demolished to reduce the magnetic resistance of the armature yoke and is transferred with closure of the air gap in its second stable end position in which he with its other end face, which previously limited the air gap, rests against the yoke. The exciting current of the coil can now be interrupted, since the armature is fixed in this end position.
  • the two prior art magnetic drives described above are based on different physical effects.
  • the electromagnetic drive according to the DE 198 15 538 A1 uses the so-called Lorentz force, which arises when moving charged particles in a magnetic field to generate the driving effect.
  • the effect of an electromagnetic drive according to the WO 95/07542 is due to the physical effect that a magnetic field preferably in a material with a high magnetic permeability or, in other words, propagates in a material having a low magnetic resistance.
  • the entire system is converted from an energetically unfavorable state with a high magnetic potential into an energetically more favorable state in which an air gap is closed or bridged and the magnetic flux passes almost exclusively through a material with low magnetic resistance.
  • the power to transfer the system into the energetically favorable state results from the formation of gradients.
  • Drives based on such an effect are also called reluctance drives.
  • Electromagnetic actuators based on the Lorentz force have a high dynamic and can moreover be controlled in a simple manner, namely via the current conducted through the magnetic field.
  • springs, pawls or the like are usually used, the force effect is to be lifted only with effort.
  • Reluctance drives are usually characterized by a stable end position fixation. However, they are liable to the disadvantage of a highly non-linear path-force curve, which can either be difficult or at the expense of the holding force in the end positions or at the expense of space can be influenced.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electromagnetic drive of the type mentioned, which can be fixed in its end positions in a simple manner, but the simple control of the drive movement is maintained.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the locking magnetic field is generated independently of the drive magnetic field by at least one locking magnet, which is associated with an independently energizable from the conductor Abr foundedspule for leading out the armature from an end position.
  • the electromagnetic drive according to the invention comprises a drive unit and a locking unit whose conductors or coils can be energized independently of each other.
  • the drive according to the invention is arbitrarily controllable and can be adapted to almost any requirement.
  • an electromagnetic locking of at least one end position of the armature of the drive unit is provided, so that a cost-intensive and maintenance-prone mechanical locking unit can be dispensed with.
  • the magnetic resistance for the locking magnetic field generated by the locking magnet is reduced or minimized, so that a displacement of the armature from this end position is only possible against a reluctance force of the locking unit.
  • the moving part In the end position of the armature, the moving part abuts against, for example, the areas of the locking unit delimiting the air gap, so that these areas form a stop which prevents further movement of the armature.
  • the anchor - and thus the moving part - fixed to the moving contact of a vacuum interrupter connect to.
  • the moving contact is applied to the stationary fixed contact of the vacuum interrupter.
  • Due to the fixed connection with the anchor is also defined by the meeting of the contacts an end position of the armature. If the armature is in such an end position, it is by no means necessary that the moving part also bears against the soft-magnetic regions of the locking unit delimiting the air gap. Rather, the moving part of the air gap limiting areas of the locking unit may be spaced.
  • the moving part consists of a material which has a lower magnetic resistance than the air gap.
  • any ferromagnetic substances such as iron, mumetal, nickel-iron alloys come into consideration.
  • Soft magnetic refers to materials that lose their magnetic properties after switching off the magnetic field that generates these magnetic properties. Soft magnetic materials therefore have a slim hysteresis curve and thus a low coercive field strength.
  • the locking body is formed in two parts and arranged on both sides of the moving part.
  • two end positions of the armature are defined, since the movement space of the moving part fixedly connected to the armature is limited from two sides. If the armature according to this further development of the invention thus used to drive a vacuum interrupter, both the contact position of the vacuum interrupter, in which a current flow through the vacuum interrupter is possible, as well as the disconnected position in which the contacts are spaced apart, locked.
  • means for isolating a magnetic flux are provided between the locking unit and the drive unit.
  • locking unit and drive unit are magnetically separated from each other, as is prevented by the insulating means overreach of the drive magnetic field and thus a disadvantageous interaction with the locking magnetic field or even with the Abr regardingmagnetfeld.
  • non-ferromagnetic materials having a permeability in the range of or less than 1, e.g. Air or aluminum.
  • each locking magnet and each tear-off coil are arranged on the locking body.
  • locking magnet and Abr foundedspule be held by the immovable during the drive locking body, so that movement of these sensitive components, for example, when switching a vacuum tube is avoided.
  • this advantageous development therefore, the maintenance susceptibility of the electromagnetic drive is reduced.
  • the armature has a coil carrier made of an insulating material, wherein the conductor is arranged as a winding on the coil carrier.
  • the electromagnetic drive is a linear actuator.
  • the bobbin is formed, for example, as a pipe socket or in other words tubular.
  • the magnetic body of the drive magnet and a soft magnetic yoke wherein the drive magnetic field passes through a provided in the magnetic body recess in which the head of the moving part is at least partially disposed.
  • the movement of the coil occurs, whereas the more sensitive and heavier permanent magnet is arranged stationarily in the magnetic body.
  • the principle underlying this drive is also called the dive coil principle.
  • the electromagnetic drive according to the invention has a control unit for generating predetermined time-dependent control signals, a current-amplifying Aktuatorendrun for powering the conductor in response to the control signals and at least one current-boosting coil output stage for feeding an associated Abr foundedspule in response to the control signals.
  • the power amplifiers used in this development according to the invention are intended to amplify the output signals of the control unit whose signal strength is insufficient for feeding the coils or conductors.
  • the control unit are the respective requirements the practice of appropriate control data stored according to the pattern of the time-dependent control signals are generated. With the help of this control, a particularly simple adjustment of any force-displacement characteristics of the electromagnetic drive is possible.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling the electromagnetic drive according to the invention, in which the locking coils are energized as a function of the current of the conductor. In this way, a mutual influence can be almost completely excluded.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the electromagnetic drive 1 according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • the electromagnetic drive 1 has a drive unit 2 and a locking unit 3, which are connected to one another via insulation means, which are designed here as an annular aluminum block 4.
  • the isolation means are for isolating the magnetic fields in the drive unit 2 with respect to magnetic fields in the locking unit 3 and vice versa provided.
  • the drive unit 2 comprises a magnetic body which consists of a drive magnet 5 which generates a permanent drive magnetic field and a soft-magnetic yoke 6 fixedly connected to the drive magnet 5.
  • a magnetic body 5 which consists of a drive magnet 5 which generates a permanent drive magnetic field and a soft-magnetic yoke 6 fixedly connected to the drive magnet 5.
  • an annular recess 7 is provided, into which a part of an armature 8 extends.
  • the armature 8 has a cup-shaped coil carrier 9 made of an insulating material, the tubular portion carries windings of a conductor.
  • Drive coils 10 are formed by these windings of the conductor.
  • the armature 8 is connected via cross struts 11 of the bobbin 9 fixed to a motion transmission rod 12 which is held by means of conventional bearings in the longitudinal direction movable in the electromagnetic drive 1.
  • the locking unit 3 has a two-part soft-magnetic locking body 14 which is disposed on both sides of a moving part 15 made of a soft magnetic material, wherein the moving member 15 is fixedly connected to the movement transmission rod 12 and thus, fixed to the armature 8.
  • a soft magnetic material ferromagnetic steel was used in this embodiment, both for the Verriegelun-gs stresses 4 and for the moving part 15.
  • locking magnets 16 In each section or part of the locking body 14 and thus on both sides of the moving part 15 locking magnets 16 can be seen, which generate a running in the direction of movement of the armature 8 axial Verriegeluncsmagnetfeld.
  • the locking magnets 16 are each surrounded concentrically by a tear-off coil 17. Through the moving part 15 and the locking body 14 air gaps 18 are limited, which are penetrated by the locking magnetic field in the direction of movement of the moving member 15 is substantially axially.
  • a drive movement is generated due to a Lorentz force.
  • the permanent and axial drive magnetic field generated in the longitudinal direction of the armature 8 the field lines are indicated in the drive magnet 5, guided over the soft magnetic yoke 6, wherein it passes through the arranged in the recess 7 of the magnetic body coils 10 of the armature 8 in the transverse direction.
  • a lifting movement of the armature 8 is generated, which is introduced via the motion transmission rod 12 in the moving part 15.
  • the moving member 15 is therefore moved depending on the direction of the lifting movement to one of the two portions of the locking body 14, whereby one of the formed between the moving member 15 and the locking body 14 air column 18 decreases.
  • this air gap 18 causes a lowering of the magnetic resistance for the generated by one of the locking magnets 16 axial locking magnetic field.
  • This effect is based on the fact that the locking body 14 consists of a ferromagnetic material, that is to say a material with a permeability substantially greater than 1, whereas the air gap 18 is filled with air, that is to say a substance which has a relative permeability of 1. If the moving part abuts one of the parts of the locking body 14, the armature 8 has reached one of its end positions, which is locked by the reluctance force generated by way of air gap reduction.
  • the Abr concernedspule 17 is energized, which concentrically surrounds those locking magnet 16 to which the moving member 15 is applied.
  • the effect of this locking magnet 16 is characterized by that of the Abr thoroughlyspule 17 weakened demagnetized magnetic field weakened or canceled, so that by means of the drive unit 2, a lead out of the armature 8 is made possible from the end position.
  • the armature 8 can now be moved in the opposite direction until it abuts against the opposite portion of the locking body 14 and reaches its second end position. Also in this end position of the magnetic resistance for the locking magnetic field is minimized, since now the other opposite in the direction of movement air gap 18 is bridged.
  • FIG. 2 shows a control unit 19 of the electromagnetic drive 1 according to FIG. 1 in a schematic representation.
  • the control unit 19 has an interface 20 which converts an incoming on or off signal 21 into a control input signal accepted by a controller 22.
  • a controller 22 In the controller 22, predetermined signal patterns in the form of signal intensities are stored as a function of time in a memory area.
  • the controller controls 19 Garmagnetendkinn 23 with time-dependent current values 24 at. Subsequently, the tear-off coils 17 of the locking unit 3 are fed with the current values 24 of the controller 19 amplified by the holding magnet output stages 23.
  • the controller 22 is further connected to a current controller 25, which compares a current setpoint 26 received by the controller 22 with an actual current value 27, which is tapped at the output of an actuator output stage 28. If the current setpoint 26 and current actual value 27 match, an enable signal 29 is generated. The actual position is recorded with a measuring system not shown figuratively. This control of the control is therefore a special precise adjustment of the force-displacement characteristic of the electromagnet drive allows.
  • the controller 22, the Aktuatorendkeep 28 and the holding magnet output stage 23 are connected to a in FIG. 2 only shown schematically power supply 31, which provides a necessary for control operating energy 30.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique pour un commutateur, notamment dans le domaine de la technique de la moyenne tension, comprenant une unité (2) d'entraînement, qui a une pièce (6) magnétique, une armature (8) montée mobile au moins en partie dans celle-ci, au moins un aimant (5) d'entraînement produisant un champ magnétique d'entraînement permanent et au moins un conducteur (10) s'étendant au moins en partie dans le champ magnétique d'entraînement, une unité (3) de verrouillage de l'armature (8) étant prévue en au moins une position d'extrémité, et dans lequel l'unité (3) de verrouillage a au moins une partie (15) mobile magnétiquement douce, qui est reliée rigidement à l'armature (8) et qui enjambe en chaque position d'extrémité de l'armature (8) un entrefer (18) pour un champ magnétique de verrouillage permanent, caractérisé en ce que le champ magnétique de verrouillage est produit indépendamment du champ magnétique d'entraînement par au moins un aimant (16) de verrouillage, auquel est associée une bobine (17) de rappel pouvant être parcourue par un courant indépendamment du conducteur pour sortir l'armature (8) d'une position d'extrémité.
  2. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité (3) de verrouillage a une pièce (14) de verrouillage qui est reliée à la pièce magnétique, chaque entrefer (18) étant formé entre la pièce (14) de verrouillage et la partie (15) mobile.
  3. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que la pièce (14) de verrouillage est en deux parties et la partie (15) mobile est disposée des deux côtés.
  4. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant la revendication 2 ou 3,
    caractérisé en ce que chaque aimant (16) de verrouillage et chaque bobine (17) de rappel sont montés sur la pièce (14) de verrouillage.
  5. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens d'isolation d'un flux magnétique entre l'unité (3) de verrouillage et l'unité (2) d'entraînement.
  6. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'armature (8) a un porte-bobine (9) en un matériau isolant, le conducteur étant constitué sous la forme d'un enroulement (10) disposé sur le porte-bobine (9).
  7. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la pièce magnétique est constituée de l'aimant (5) d'entraînement, ainsi que d'une culasse (6) magnétique douce, le champ magnétique d'entraînement traversant un évidemment (7) qui est prévu dans la pièce magnétique et dans lequel le conducteur (10) est disposé au moins en partie.
  8. Entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par
    une unité (22) de commande pour la production de signaux de commande prescrits en fonction du temps, un étage (28) d'actionneur amplifiant le courant pour l'alimentation du conducteur (10) en fonction des signaux de commande et au moins un étage (13) d'extrémité de bobine amplifiant le courant pour l'alimentation d'une bobine (17) de rappel associée en fonction des signaux de commande.
  9. Procédé de commande d'un entraînement (1) électromagnétique suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8,dans lequel on excite les bobines (17) de rappel en fonction du courant du conducteur (10) de façon à ce que l'entraînement électromagnétique ait une caractéristique force-trajet déterminée à l'avance.
EP04706610A 2003-02-04 2004-01-30 Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs Expired - Fee Related EP1590822B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003105465 DE10305465B3 (de) 2003-02-04 2003-02-04 Elektromagnetischer Antrieb für Schaltgeräte
DE10305465 2003-02-04
PCT/DE2004/000203 WO2004070760A1 (fr) 2003-02-04 2004-01-30 Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1590822A1 EP1590822A1 (fr) 2005-11-02
EP1590822B1 true EP1590822B1 (fr) 2009-04-08

Family

ID=32841630

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04706610A Expired - Fee Related EP1590822B1 (fr) 2003-02-04 2004-01-30 Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1590822B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006516799A (fr)
CN (1) CN100364027C (fr)
DE (1) DE10305465B3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2324252C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004070760A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2877762B1 (fr) * 2004-11-08 2007-07-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a bobine mobile
CN101908420A (zh) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-08 无锡市凯旋电机有限公司 四线圈解锁式双稳态永磁机构
CN101986407B (zh) * 2010-12-06 2013-01-30 东南大学 一种超高压真空断路器快速操动机构及其控制方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525963A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-08-25 English Electric Co Ltd Electro-magnetic actuator with armature assembly slidable between two limit positions
US5359307A (en) * 1993-08-12 1994-10-25 Hewlett-Packard Corporation High voltage relay
GB9318876D0 (en) * 1993-09-11 1993-10-27 Mckean Brian A bistable permanent magnet actuator for operation of circuit breakers
DE19815538A1 (de) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Siemens Ag Antriebseinrichtungen für Unterbrechereinheiten von Schaltgeräten zur Energieversorgung und -verteilung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2324252C2 (ru) 2008-05-10
RU2005127595A (ru) 2007-03-10
CN100364027C (zh) 2008-01-23
CN1745448A (zh) 2006-03-08
WO2004070760A1 (fr) 2004-08-19
EP1590822A1 (fr) 2005-11-02
JP2006516799A (ja) 2006-07-06
DE10305465B3 (de) 2004-12-02

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