EP1590822A1 - Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs - Google Patents

Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs

Info

Publication number
EP1590822A1
EP1590822A1 EP04706610A EP04706610A EP1590822A1 EP 1590822 A1 EP1590822 A1 EP 1590822A1 EP 04706610 A EP04706610 A EP 04706610A EP 04706610 A EP04706610 A EP 04706610A EP 1590822 A1 EP1590822 A1 EP 1590822A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
locking
armature
magnetic
electromagnetic drive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04706610A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1590822B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter-Klaus Budig
Ralf Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1590822A1 publication Critical patent/EP1590822A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1590822B1 publication Critical patent/EP1590822B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/066—Electromagnets with movable winding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H53/00—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
    • H01H53/01—Details
    • H01H53/015—Moving coils; Contact-driving arrangements associated therewith

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic drive for a switch, in particular in the field of medium-voltage technology, with a drive unit that has a magnetic body, an armature that is at least partially movably arranged in it, at least one drive magnet that generates a permanent drive magnetic field, and at least one that is at least partially in the drive magnetic field extending conductor, wherein a locking unit is provided for locking the armature in at least one end position.
  • Such an electromagnetic drive is known for example from DE 198 15 538 AI.
  • the drive disclosed there has a three-phase linear motor, which is composed of several motor modules.
  • the motor module has a certain number of fixed motor coils and, in this regard, moving parts with longitudinal magnets that are guided in a longitudinally movable manner.
  • the excitation of the motor coils creates a magnetic field in which the permanent magnets of the moving part are arranged.
  • Due to the Lorentz force generated there is a drive movement of the moving part, which is connected to the moving contact of a switch via a switching rod.
  • the moving contact is pressed by the three-phase linear motor against a fixed contact of the switch, the moving part reaching an end position.
  • An electromagnetic drive is known from WO 95/07542, which consists of a yoke running in a closed frame has soft magnetic material, which to avoid
  • Eddy currents are composed of lamellae in stacks.
  • the yoke forms a cavity in which an armature made of soft magnetic material is movably guided between two end positions. In each end position, the armature contacts the soft magnetic yoke with one of its end faces, an air gap being defined between the other end face of the armature opposite the contact point and the closed, peripheral yoke. Furthermore, two coils are fastened in the cavity of the yoke, each of which surrounds one of the end faces of the armature. Permanent magnets for generating a magnetic flux are provided between the coils. Due to the air gap, the anchor remains fixed in the respective end position.
  • the two previously known magnetic drives are based on different physical effects.
  • the electromagnetic drive according to DE 198 15 538 AI uses the so-called Lorentz force to generate the drive effect, which occurs when charged particles move in a magnetic field.
  • the effect of an electromagnetic drive according to WO 95/07542 is due to the physical effect that a magnetic field is preferably in a material with a high magnetic permeability or, in other words, spreads in a material with a low magnetic resistance.
  • By moving the armature the entire system is transferred from an energetically unfavorable state with a high magnetic potential to an energetically more favorable state in which an air gap is closed or bridged and the magnetic flux almost exclusively penetrates a material with low magnetic resistance.
  • the force for converting the system into the energetically favorable state results from gradient formation. Drives based on such an effect are also called reluctance drives.
  • Electromagnetic drives which are based on the Lorentz force, have a high dynamic and can also be controlled in a simple manner, namely via the current conducted through the magnetic field.
  • these drives do not assume stable end positions or intermediate positions, but if necessary must be fixed in the end positions provided in each case by additional means.
  • springs are used for this,
  • Reluctance drives are usually characterized by a stable end position fixation. However, they have the disadvantage of a strongly non-linear path-force characteristic, which can either be influenced only with difficulty or at the expense of the holding force in the end positions or at the expense of the installation space.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electromagnetic drive of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be fixed in its end positions in a simple manner, but the simple control of the drive movement is retained.
  • the invention achieves this object in that the locking unit has at least one soft-magnetic moving part which is firmly connected to the armature and bridges an air gap for a permanent locking magnetic field in each end position of the armature, the locking magnetic field being generated independently of the drive magnetic field by at least one locking magnet, which is assigned a tear-off coil which can be energized independently of the conductor for leading the armature out of an end position.
  • the electromagnetic drive according to the invention comprises a drive unit and a locking unit, the conductors or coils of which can be scanned independently of one another.
  • the drive according to the invention can be controlled as desired and can be adapted to almost any requirement.
  • electromagnetic locking of at least one end position of the armature of the drive unit is provided, so that a cost-intensive and maintenance-prone mechanical locking unit can be dispensed with.
  • the magnetic resistance for the locking magnetic field generated by the locking magnet is reduced or minimized, so that displacement of the armature from this end position is only possible against a reluctance force of the locking unit.
  • the moving part rests, for example, on the regions of the locking unit which delimit the air gap, so that these regions form a stop which prevents further movement of the armature.
  • the moving part consists of a material which has a lower magnetic resistance than the air gap. Any ferromagnetic substances such as iron, mum metal, nickel-iron alloys can be considered. Materials that lose their magnetic properties after switching off the magnetic field and that generate these magnetic properties are referred to as soft magnetic. Soft magnetic materials therefore have a slim hysteresis curve and thus a low coercive field strength.
  • the locking body is advantageously formed in two parts and arranged on both sides of the moving part. According to this advantageous further development of the invention, two end positions of the armature are defined, since the movement space of the moving part which is fixedly connected to the armature is limited from two sides. If the armature according to this further development of the invention is thus used to drive a vacuum interrupter, both the contact position of the vacuum interrupter, in which current can flow through the vacuum interrupter, and the disconnected position, in which the contacts are spaced apart, are locked.
  • each locking magnet and each tear-off coil are arranged on the locking body.
  • the locking magnet and tear-off coil are held by the locking body which is immobile during the drive, so that movement of these sensitive components is avoided, for example when switching a vacuum tube.
  • the armature expediently has a coil carrier made of an insulating material, the conductor being arranged as a winding on the coil carrier.
  • the electromagnetic drive is a linear drive.
  • the coil carrier is designed, for example, as a pipe socket or in other words tubular.
  • the magnetic body consists of the drive magnet and a soft magnetic yoke, the drive magnetic field passing through a recess provided in the magnetic body, in which the conductor of the moving part is at least partially arranged.
  • the coil moves, whereas the more sensitive and heavier permanent magnet is arranged stationary in the magnet body.
  • the electromagnetic drive according to the invention advantageously has a control unit for generating predetermined time-dependent control signals, a current-amplifying actuator output stage for supplying the conductor as a function of the control signals and at least one stro-amplifying coil output stage for supplying an assigned tear-off coil as a function of the control signals.
  • the output stages used in this further development according to the invention are provided for amplifying the output signals of the control unit, the signal strength of which is not sufficient to supply the coils or conductors.
  • the respective requirements Practical control data is stored, according to the pattern of which the time-dependent control signals are generated. With the help of this control, a particularly simple setting of any force-displacement characteristics of the electromagnetic drive is made possible.
  • the invention further relates to a method for controlling the electromagnetic drive according to the invention, in which the locking coils are energized as a function of the current of the conductor. In this way, mutual interference can be almost completely ruled out.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the electromagnetic drive according to the invention in a cross-sectional view
  • Figure 2 shows a control of the electromagnetic drive according to Figure 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the electromagnetic drive 1 according to the invention in a sectional view.
  • the electromagnetic drive 1 has a drive unit 2 and a locking unit 3, which are connected to one another via insulation means, which are designed here as an annular aluminum block 4.
  • the insulation means are used to isolate the magnetic fields in the Drive unit 2 against magnetic fields in the locking unit 3 and vice versa.
  • the drive unit 2 comprises a magnetic body, which consists of a drive magnet 5 which generates a permanent drive magnetic field and a soft magnetic yoke 6 which is fixedly connected to the drive magnet 5.
  • An annular recess 7 is provided in the magnetic body 5, 6, into which part of an armature 8 extends.
  • the armature 8 has a cup-shaped coil carrier 9 from a
  • Insulating material the tubular portion of which carries windings of a conductor.
  • Drive coils 10 are formed by these windings of the conductor.
  • the armature 8 is fixedly connected to a movement transmission rod 12 via transverse struts 11 of the coil carrier 9, which is held in the electromagnetic drive 1 so that it can move in its longitudinal direction by means of conventional bearings.
  • the drive unit 2 generates a drive movement based on a Lorentz force.
  • the permanent and axial drive magnetic field also generated in the longitudinal direction of the armature 8, the field lines of which are indicated in the drive magnet 5, is guided over the soft magnetic yoke 6, passing through the coils 10 of the armature 8 arranged in the recess 7 of the magnet body in the transverse direction.
  • a lifting movement of the armature 8 is therefore generated, which is introduced into the moving part 15 via the movement transmission rod 12.
  • the moving part 15 is therefore moved toward one of the two sections of the locking body 14, as a result of which one of the air gaps 18 formed between the moving part 15 and the locking body 14 is reduced.
  • the reduction in this air gap 18 causes a lowering of the magnetic resistance for the axial locking magnetic field generated by one of the locking magnets 16.
  • This effect is based on the fact that the locking body 14 consists of a ferromagnetic material, that is to say a material with a permeability substantially greater than 1, while the air gap 18 is filled with air, that is to say a substance which has a relative permeability of 1 , If the moving part abuts one of the parts of the locking body 14, the armature 8 has reached one of its end positions, which is locked by the reluctance force generated by reducing the air gap.
  • the tear-off coil 17 is excited, which concentrically surrounds the locking magnet 16 against which the moving part 15 rests.
  • the effect of this locking magnet 16 is by the The tear-off magnetic field generated by the tear-off coil 17 is weakened or canceled, so that the armature 8 can be guided out of the end position by means of the drive unit 2.
  • the armature 8 can now be moved in the opposite direction until it abuts the opposite section of the locking body 14 and reaches its second end position. In this end position, too, the magnetic resistance for the locking magnetic field is minimized, since the other air gap 18 opposite in the direction of movement is now bridged.
  • FIG. 2 shows a control unit 19 of the electromagnetic drive 1 according to FIG. 1 in a schematic illustration.
  • the control unit 19 has an interface 20 which converts an incoming switch-on or switch-off signal 21 into a control input signal accepted by a controller 22.
  • Predetermined signal patterns in the form of signal intensities as a function of time are stored in a memory area in the controller 22.
  • the controller 19 controls holding magnet output stages 23 with time-dependent current values 24.
  • the tear-off coils 17 of the locking unit 3 are fed with the current values 24 of the controller 19 which are amplified by the holding magnet output stages 23.
  • the controller 22, the actuator output stage 28 and the holding magnet output stage 23 are connected to a power supply 31, which is shown only schematically in FIG. 2 and provides an operating energy 30 necessary for the control.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

Entraînement électromagnétique (1) pour un commutateur, en particulier un commutateur à moyenne tension, qui comporte une unité d'entraînement (2) constituée d'un corps d'aimant (5), d'un induit (8) mobile au moins en partie dans le corps d'aimant, d'au moins un aimant de commande (5) produisant un champ magnétique de commande permanent et d'au moins un conducteur (10) s'étendant au moins en partie dans le champ magnétique de commande. Une unité de verrouillage (3) est destinée à verrouiller l'induit (8) dans au moins une position terminale. Selon la présente invention, pour obtenir un entraînement électromagnétique qui peut être fixé de manière simple dans ses positions terminales, mais en préservant toutefois une commande simple, l'unité de verrouillage (3) possède une partie mobile (15) magnétique douce reliée à demeure à l'induit (8), qui ponte un entrefer (18) pour un champ magnétique de verrouillage permanent dans une position terminale de l'induit (8). Le champ magnétique de verrouillage est produit indépendamment du champ magnétique d'entraînement par au moins un aimant de verrouillage (16) auquel est associé une bobine de rupture (17) pouvant être alimentée en courant indépendamment du conducteur, afin de tirer l'induit (8) de sa position terminale.
EP04706610A 2003-02-04 2004-01-30 Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs Expired - Fee Related EP1590822B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003105465 DE10305465B3 (de) 2003-02-04 2003-02-04 Elektromagnetischer Antrieb für Schaltgeräte
DE10305465 2003-02-04
PCT/DE2004/000203 WO2004070760A1 (fr) 2003-02-04 2004-01-30 Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1590822A1 true EP1590822A1 (fr) 2005-11-02
EP1590822B1 EP1590822B1 (fr) 2009-04-08

Family

ID=32841630

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04706610A Expired - Fee Related EP1590822B1 (fr) 2003-02-04 2004-01-30 Entrainement electromagnetique pour des commutateurs

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1590822B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006516799A (fr)
CN (1) CN100364027C (fr)
DE (1) DE10305465B3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2324252C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004070760A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2877762B1 (fr) * 2004-11-08 2007-07-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique a bobine mobile
CN101908420A (zh) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-08 无锡市凯旋电机有限公司 四线圈解锁式双稳态永磁机构
CN101986407B (zh) * 2010-12-06 2013-01-30 东南大学 一种超高压真空断路器快速操动机构及其控制方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3525963A (en) * 1968-07-25 1970-08-25 English Electric Co Ltd Electro-magnetic actuator with armature assembly slidable between two limit positions
US5359307A (en) * 1993-08-12 1994-10-25 Hewlett-Packard Corporation High voltage relay
GB9318876D0 (en) * 1993-09-11 1993-10-27 Mckean Brian A bistable permanent magnet actuator for operation of circuit breakers
DE19815538A1 (de) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Siemens Ag Antriebseinrichtungen für Unterbrechereinheiten von Schaltgeräten zur Energieversorgung und -verteilung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004070760A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10305465B3 (de) 2004-12-02
EP1590822B1 (fr) 2009-04-08
WO2004070760A1 (fr) 2004-08-19
RU2324252C2 (ru) 2008-05-10
RU2005127595A (ru) 2007-03-10
CN100364027C (zh) 2008-01-23
CN1745448A (zh) 2006-03-08
JP2006516799A (ja) 2006-07-06

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