WO2024003121A1 - Actionneur bistable à culasse centrale - Google Patents

Actionneur bistable à culasse centrale Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024003121A1
WO2024003121A1 PCT/EP2023/067615 EP2023067615W WO2024003121A1 WO 2024003121 A1 WO2024003121 A1 WO 2024003121A1 EP 2023067615 W EP2023067615 W EP 2023067615W WO 2024003121 A1 WO2024003121 A1 WO 2024003121A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
actuator
magnetic
flux guide
permanent magnet
magnet armature
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2023/067615
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Werner
Original Assignee
Rapa Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rapa Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Rapa Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2024003121A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024003121A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bistable actuator and a switching valve, in particular a pneumatic valve, and a shock absorber.
  • a PWM-controlled push/hold control is often used in order to achieve sufficiently high switching forces and short switching times on the one hand (“push” operation) and to realize corresponding leakage requirements or permanent closing forces on the other side (hold).
  • This electrical control also takes into account the highly non-linear force characteristic (force (current, stroke)) of the electromagnetic drive.
  • bistable actuators which keep the end positions (for example the "open” and “closed” positions of a switching valve) completely de-energized can.
  • bistable actuators generally use permanent magnets for this purpose.
  • the existing bistable concepts are often energetically inefficient and therefore require a lot of installation space and/or material costs. For example, they require two independent coils (spatially separate active circuits) and therefore increased amounts of copper.
  • Some actuators require mechanical springs to secure the end positions after the power is switched off or to support switching when the position is reversed, which is energetically unfavorable because the spring forces have to be compensated for with larger permanent magnets.
  • Drive systems based on Lorentz forces are often unsuitable for switching applications because the force characteristics are significantly smaller for the same size than with reluctance-based drives.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an actuator that is more energy-, space- and cost-efficient than known actuators, as well as a corresponding switching valve and a shock absorber.
  • the actuator or magnetic actuator according to the invention comprises a magnet armature that can be moved between a first and a second end position, in which the magnet armature remains without current (for example after reaching the respective end position). These are therefore stable end positions without current or a bistable actuator.
  • the magnet armature is the magnetic part of an actuating element of the actuator, which in the simplest case forms the movable or movable part of the actuator and, for example, includes the magnet armature and one or more non-magnetic components, such as a plunger or an adjusting rod.
  • the actuator further comprises a fixed, soft magnetic, in particular ferromagnetic (magnetic) flux guide element arrangement for forming a first and a second magnetic circuit in the actuator according to the invention. Both magnetic circuits flow through the magnet armature at the same time. The magnet armature is therefore part of both magnetic circuits (at every point along the travel path, between both end positions). Accordingly, both magnetic circuits are changed by moving the magnet armature.
  • the magnetic flux resistance of the first magnetic circuit is usually minimal or the magnetic conductivity is maximum (based on different positions of the magnet armature along the travel distance between the two end positions).
  • the magnetic flux resistance of the second magnetic circuit is generally minimal.
  • Both magnetic circuits are flowed through in opposite directions, which means that the direction of rotation of the magnetic field lines of the two magnetic circuits is in opposite directions (at least in the case of no current).
  • the closed field lines (through the flux guide element arrangement and the magnet armature) run clockwise in one of the magnetic circuits (in a radial cross section through the actuator along the actuator axis) and counterclockwise in the other magnetic circuit.
  • Each magnetic circuit preferably has at least one permanent magnet.
  • the (fixed and soft magnetic) flux guide element arrangement further comprises a flux guide section common to both magnetic circuits, through which both magnetic circuits or the flux lines of both magnetic circuits flow together (at least in the de-energized case) and which is also fixed and comprises or consists of soft magnetic material.
  • the flux lines of both opposing magnetic circuits run in the same direction in the common flux guide section, that is, they point in the same or essentially in the same direction and / or are directed in the same direction or in the same direction, and point, for example, towards the magnet armature or away from the magnet armature .
  • the flux lines of both magnetic circuits preferably run parallel or essentially parallel in the common flux-guiding section (that is, apart from, for example, the edge regions of the common flux-guiding section).
  • the (fixed) common flow control section is also referred to as a fixed yoke or middle yoke.
  • the magnet armature moves in a straight line or linearly and axially, that is, along a longitudinal axis of the actuator, which is referred to below as the actuator longitudinal axis or actuator axis. It is then a linear actuator.
  • the inventive provision of two magnetic circuits with a common flux guide section makes it possible to create two stable end positions of the magnet armature without current, thereby realizing relatively high holding forces without having to provide mechanical springs, for example. This minimizes the forces required to switch the actuator and thus reduces the necessary installation space, the amount of material used and the energy required during operation.
  • the first magnetic circuit is an active magnetic circuit and/or the second magnetic circuit is a passive magnetic circuit.
  • the first magnetic circuit encloses or its flux-conducting sections of the flux-conducting element arrangement enclose an (electro-magnetically) active element, in particular a magnetic coil, which is designed to (at least) control the magnetic flux in the first, active magnetic circuit, usually by energizing the magnetic coil , to influence.
  • the second magnetic circuit or its flux-conducting sections of the flux-conducting element arrangement do not enclose a magnetic coil and/or an electromagnetically active or electromagnetically magnetic flux-generating element.
  • the passive magnetic circuit encloses a cavity.
  • the entire actuator has exactly one magnetic coil, which surrounds the first, active magnetic circuit or its flux-guiding sections of the flux-guiding element arrangement.
  • the magnetic coil (or the active element) is (structurally) enclosed by (exactly) those flux guiding sections of the fixed flux guiding element arrangement which create the first magnetic circuit (that is, in the simplest case, flow lines of the first magnetic circuit flow through it), i.e. also by that, for example common river control section.
  • Energizing the coil then allows control of at least the magnetic flux in the first magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic flux of the second magnetic circuit is usually also influenced to at least a lesser extent.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the first permanent magnet is weakened or strengthened in the first, active magnetic circuit. If the magnet armature is in the first end position and is to be switched to the second end position, the magnetic flux in the first magnetic circuit is reduced by the current supply to the coil and thus the holding force in the first end position is reduced until the attractive forces of the second magnetic circuit move in the direction of the second End position predominates (negative holding force) and the magnet armature moves to the second end position.
  • the current supply is switched off again, for example, when the second end position is reached.
  • the magnet armature remains in the second end position even without or after switching off the current, since the second magnetic circuit is closed there or the magnetic conductivity of the second magnetic circuit is maximized and the attractive force on the magnet armature generated by the second magnetic circuit is greater than the force of the opened, first magnetic circuit directed in the direction of the first end position. This results in a resulting holding force that holds the magnet armature in the second end position.
  • the magnetic flux and thus the magnetic force in the first magnetic circuit is increased by the current supply to the coil and at the same time the resulting holding force in the second end position is reduced until the attractive forces of the first Magnetic circuit in the direction of the first end position predominate (negative holding force) and the magnet armature moves into the first end position.
  • the current supply is switched off again, for example, when the first end position is reached.
  • the magnet armature remains in the first end position even without or after switching off the current, since the first magnetic circuit is closed there or the magnetic conductivity of the first magnetic circuit is maximized and the attractive force on the magnet armature generated by the first magnetic circuit is greater than the force of the opened, second magnetic circuit directed in the direction of the second end position. This results in a resulting holding force that holds the magnet armature in the first end position.
  • the passive magnetic circuit therefore makes the use of a mechanical return spring unnecessary and allows the material and installation space requirements to be minimized to provide the desired holding forces in the end positions and to generate the forces necessary for switching the actuator.
  • the passive magnetic circuit makes the provision of a second magnetic coil unnecessary, which also saves material costs, for example for the copper of the coil winding of a second coil.
  • the common flux guide section generally encloses the magnet armature (in a cross section through the actuator axis) and is preferably rotationally or rotationally symmetrical about the actuator axis (with an n-fold rotational symmetry with n > 1 and integer, for example 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12) and/or as a (cylindrical) ring, in particular as a one-piece or continuous (cylindrical) ring made of a homogeneous material and/or as an independent, separate component within the flow guide element arrangement.
  • the common flow guide section can also be designed in several pieces, for example from a large number of preferably identical ring segments, which preferably directly border one another, but can also be spaced apart if necessary.
  • the (radial) inside of the ring is preferably a cylindrical surface, which means that the surface normal at every point is also a radial ray to or from the actuator axis.
  • the ring preferably also has flat axial end faces or end faces and/or a (radial) outside, which is also a cylindrical surface, so that the ring is a cylindrical or cylindrical ring.
  • the common flux guide section is preferably arranged radially between the magnet armature and an outer section of the flux guide element arrangement, in particular a concentric pipe section.
  • the common flux guide section additionally has a constant axial thickness between the magnet armature and the outer section, i.e. over its entire radial extent, and particularly preferably has flat axial end faces.
  • the (axial) thickness or the axial dimension of the common flux guide section is, for example depending on the desired force characteristic, smaller, equal to or greater than a stroke of the magnet armature and is, for example, in the range between 50% and 200% of the stroke and / or is, for example 50%, 80%, 100%, 120%, 150% or 200% of the stroke, whereby each of the stated values can also represent an upper or lower limit of the stated value range.
  • the common flux guide section is preferably spaced from the magnet armature (only) by a radial gap, which can be filled with a non-magnetic material.
  • the common flux guide section is arranged magnetically immediately adjacent to the magnet armature, that is, without any other magnetically relevant, intermediate components.
  • the radial gap is preferably in the range between 0.1 mm and 1.5 mm and/or is, for example, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1 ,0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1.5 mm, whereby each of the values mentioned can also represent an upper or lower limit of the value range mentioned.
  • the common flow guide section abuts directly, that is to say preferentially without a gap or distance, preferably over the entire radial or cylindrical outside on the outer (tube) section of the flow guide element arrangement.
  • the two magnetic circuits preferably flow through the common flux guide section radially or essentially radially (at least in the case of no current and apart from, for example, the edge regions of the common flux guide section).
  • the common flux guide section correspondingly directs the flux lines radially out of the magnet armature or into the magnet armature and thus magnetically connects the magnet armature to the outer (tube) section of the flux guide element arrangement.
  • each of the two magnetic circuits preferably has at least one (integrated) permanent magnet for magnetically acting on the respective magnetic circuit. It is conceivable that these permanent magnets are each arranged in the fixed flux guide element arrangement.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement is a cylindrical ring or a cylindrical disk, in particular a one-piece or continuous ring/disc made of a homogeneous material.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement can also be designed in several pieces, for example from a large number of preferably identical ring or disk segments, which preferably directly border one another, but can also be spaced apart from one another if necessary.
  • a preferably constant (axial) thickness or the axial dimension of the first and/or second permanent magnet arrangement is, for example, in the range between 1.0 and 3.0 mm and/or is, for example, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2 .5 or 3.0 mm, whereby each of the stated values can also represent an upper or lower limit of the stated value range.
  • the first and second permanent magnet arrangements are each opposite and axially magnetized, so that the same poles of the permanent magnet arrangements (along the actuator axis) face each other.
  • the permanent magnet arrangements are axially spaced, preferably by a soft magnetic anchor or carrier element.
  • this axially intermediate anchor element is a cylindrical ring or a cylindrical disk, in particular a one-piece ge(r) or continuous ring/disc made of a homogeneous, soft magnetic material.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement can also be designed in several pieces, for example consisting of a large number of preferably identical ring or disk segments, which preferably directly border one another and/or are firmly connected to one another, but can also be spaced apart from one another if necessary.
  • the axial thickness of the anchor element is preferably equal to or greater than the stroke of the magnet armature and/or equal to or greater than the axial thickness of the common flux guide section and is, for example, in the range between 100% and 300% of the stroke and/or is, for example, 100%, 125 %, 200% or 300% of the stroke, whereby each of the stated values can also represent an upper or lower limit of the stated value range.
  • the radial outside of the armature element is also the radially outermost side of the magnet armature and/or the anchor element forms the radially outermost element of the magnet armature.
  • the radial outer sides of the permanent magnet arrangements are preferably arranged flush with or further inside than the radial outer side of the anchor element in the radial direction.
  • the radial gap of the actuator is measured between the armature element of the magnet armature and the common flux guide section.
  • the permanent magnet arrangements directly adjoin the anchor element and are arranged, for example, on (the two) mutually pointing away axial flat end faces of the anchor element.
  • the anchor element of the magnet armature and the common flux guide section are at least partially opposite each other at every point in the travel path of the magnet armature.
  • the one cylindrical (radial) inside of the common flux guide section is preferably arranged at least partially radially opposite the anchor element of the common flux guide section along the entire stroke of the magnet armature and/or is only spaced apart by the radial gap.
  • Center planes of the permanent magnet arrangements are preferably located over the entire stroke of the magnet armature, that is, over the entire travel distance of the actuator and thus in both end positions, each exclusively on different axial sides of a center plane of the common flux guide section.
  • a center plane of the first permanent magnet arrangement is located in both end positions (that is, over the entire stroke of the magnet armature or over the entire travel distance of the actuator) on a first side of a center plane of the common flux guide section and a center plane of the second permanent magnet arrangement is located in both end positions a second side of the center plane of the common flow control section, different from the first side.
  • the axial end faces/surfaces of the permanent magnet arrangements also form the axial end faces/surfaces of the magnet armature.
  • the intermediate anchor element forms, for example, the only soft magnetic component of the magnet armature and/or no further components are arranged on the axial end face/surface of the permanent magnet arrangements facing away from the intermediate anchor element.
  • the magnet armature preferably consists of the two permanent magnet arrangements and the intermediate soft magnetic armature element and thus, in the simplest case, of exactly three one-piece components.
  • This first variant has the advantage that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet arrangements is used with maximum efficiency for the respective magnetic circuits and the volume and strength of the permanent magnet arrangements can be minimized accordingly.
  • a soft magnetic, preferably disc-shaped or ring-shaped further element or shielding element is arranged on the axial end face/surface of the first and/or second permanent magnet arrangement facing away from the intermediate anchor element.
  • the shielding element preferably covers the entire axial end face of the respective permanent magnet arrangement or at least 90%, 70% or 50% of this area and is preferably formed in one piece.
  • the shielding element may shield the magnetic flux generated by the respective permanent magnet arrangement somewhat and thus reduces the magnetic flux in the respective magnetic circuit (for example in the case of no current).
  • this also shields the permanent magnet arrangement itself from external magnetic fluxes, in particular from the magnetic flux generated by a coil of the actuator (see also below), so that as a result, lower local flux densities occur on the permanent magnet arrangement itself and advantageously an irreversible demagnetization of the Permanent magnet arrangement can be avoided.
  • This then makes it possible to choose a lower and more cost-effective demagnetization or temperature class for the permanent magnet arrangement in the second variant (compared to the first variant or the variant without a shielding element).
  • Such a shielding element is preferably provided (only) for the first permanent magnet arrangement or in the active magnetic circuit.
  • the axial end face/surface of the second permanent magnet arrangement also forms the axial end face/surface of the magnet armature and is accordingly exposed without a shielding element.
  • This variant takes into account the fact that the coil on the second permanent magnet arrangement (the passive magnetic circuit) generates a lower magnetic flux than on the first permanent magnet arrangement (the active magnetic circuit). This variant minimizes the weight and component costs of the magnet armature and at the same time offers good or sufficient protection against irreversible demagnetization.
  • a preferably constant (axial) thickness of the shielding element is preferably less than or equal to an axial thickness of the respective permanent magnet arrangement and is, for example, in the range between 50% and 100% of the thickness of the respective permanent magnet arrangement and/or is, for example, 50%, 70%, 80% , 90% or 100% of the thickness of the respective permanent magnet arrangement, whereby each of the values mentioned can also represent an upper or lower limit of the value range mentioned.
  • the thickness of the shielding element is, for example, in the range between 0.5 and 1.5 mm and/or is, for example, 1.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mm, with each of the values mentioned also being an upper or lower limit of the value range mentioned can represent.
  • the shielding element covers the entire surface of the respective (for example first) permanent magnet arrangement, that is, the entire end face of the permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the shielding element can contain (continuous) recesses or can consist of several (non-connected) components, in particular cylindrical rings. exist, wherein the shielding element (or its components) overlap at least the inner edge and the outer edge of the permanent magnet arrangement (in the axial direction). This protects the radial edge areas of the permanent magnet arrangement (on the inside and outside diameter) that are particularly at risk of irreversible demagnetization and at the same time minimizes the moving mass.
  • the shielding element and the anchor element are preferably structurally and/or magnetically directly or indirectly connected to one another and/or fastened to one another - via (exactly or at least) a connecting element (different from the permanent magnet arrangement).
  • a connecting element different from the permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the shielding element and the anchor element directly border one another or border one or more soft magnetic or non-magnetic components and are firmly and/or magnetically connected to one another.
  • an additional (one-piece, cylindrical or ring-shaped) connecting element made of a soft magnetic material is provided, to which the anchor element and the shielding element (area) directly adjoins or abuts, so that the magnetic flux between the shielding element and the anchor element is favored and / or the magnetic resistance between the shielding element and the anchor element is reduced.
  • fastening means can be provided on or in the anchor element, the connecting element and/or the shielding element.
  • the connecting element is a ring component which has the same thickness as the permanent magnet arrangement and is arranged, for example, on the inside of the permanent magnet arrangement.
  • Ferromagnetic iron and/or iron oxide-based alloys and materials are preferably used as the material for the soft magnetic elements of the actuator (anchor element, shielding element, connecting element, etc.).
  • the material for the permanent magnet arrangement is, for example, "N40SH” (NdFeB magnets with 40 MGOe energy and the temperature or demagnetization class "SH" (150° C)) or materials with the temperature class “UH” (180°C), “EH” (200°C) or “AH” (220°C).
  • N40SH NdFeB magnets with 40 MGOe energy and the temperature or demagnetization class "SH" (150° C)
  • AH AH
  • the actuator preferably has a higher holding force in the first end position than in the second end position.
  • the first permanent magnet arrangement preferably at least partially opposes the common flux guide section in the first end position in the radial direction and only the intermediate anchor element in the second end position.
  • the first and second axial end faces of the magnet armature are each designed as first and second flat end faces and / or the flux guide element arrangement has a flux guide section in the form of a first yoke with a flat end face, which in the first end position is separated from the first end face of the magnet armature by a first axial gap is spaced, and / or a flux guide section in the form of a second yoke with a flat end face, which is spaced in the second end position from the second end face of the magnet armature by a second axial gap.
  • the first and second yokes are each part of the first and second magnetic circuits, respectively, and the first and second yokes lead the flux lines axially out of the magnet armature or towards the magnet armature.
  • a yoke preferably covers the entire axial end face of the magnet armature or the respective permanent magnet arrangement or at least 90%, 70% or 50% of the area of the axial end face of the magnet armature or the respective permanent magnet arrangement.
  • the axial gaps in the respective end positions of the movable magnet armature are as small as possible. They are preferably each less than 1.5 mm and/or are, for example, less than 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 or 1, 5mm.
  • the first and second axial gaps are different or the same size.
  • the actuator is preferably designed to be rotationally or rotationally symmetrical about the actuator axis (with an n-fold rotational symmetry with n > 1 and integers, for example 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12).
  • the invention further comprises a switching valve, preferably a pneumatic valve, with an actuator as described above.
  • the switching valve is preferably closed when the magnet armature of the actuator is in the first end position, and opened when the magnet armature of the actuator is in the second end position. This ensures a high holding force in the closed valve position, so that leakage requirements can also be met, for example.
  • the switching valve is preferably designed as a seat valve and/or as a 2/2 valve.
  • the invention further comprises a shock absorber with exactly or at least one switching valve according to the invention, which preferably opens and closes or switches on an air chamber in the shock absorber, the air chamber preferably creating an additional volume for an air spring or an air spring volume of the shock absorber.
  • the present invention further develops the bistable electromagnetic actuator concept with compression spring reset/safety and replaces the energetically unfavorable return spring with a second, purely passive magnetic circuit.
  • the active bidirectional drive can be significantly reduced in terms of installation space and material costs (in particular the amount of copper and the permanent magnet volume), since the energetically unfavorable return spring no longer needs to be additionally compensated for in the magnetically closed or, in this case, first end position (“clamping energy compensation”).
  • the restoring force of the passive magnetic circuit is much smaller compared to the restoring force of a mechanical spring in the first end position, since the restoring forces of the passive magnetic circuit decrease when the magnet armature is moved towards the first end position, while the restoring forces of a mechanical spring decrease when the magnet armature is displaced increase towards the corresponding (magnetically closed) end position.
  • the two permanent magnets used to create the two magnetic circuits are installed in the magnet armature in order to create a bidirectionally polarized element or a bidirectionally polarized magnet armature, whereby the installation space required for the magnet armature can be optimally utilized in terms of material technology.
  • the inventive combination of active and passive magnetic circuits, each with a permanent magnet in the magnet armature, also results in a significantly smaller actuator due to the material saved (compared to known bistable concepts).
  • the actuator is also significantly cheaper because the drive components can be designed to be simpler (simple magnetic rings/discs or a larger number of tool-related parts). Nevertheless, the structurally smaller drive according to the invention meets the same requirements and, for example, achieves the same holding forces.
  • both magnetic circuits can be designed largely independently of one another and thus, for example, the holding forces in the end positions can be specifically adapted to the respective application.
  • An important design parameter here is the strength of the permanent magnets in the magnet armature, which largely determines the holding forces in the end stops or end positions.
  • the axial position of the common flux guide section or the middle yoke (middle magnetic flux return element) also significantly shifts the force ratios in the first and second magnetic circuits.
  • the magnetic field or magnetic flux electrically generated by the coil can, depending on the orientation and position of the permanent magnet arrangement in the magnetic circuit, lead to strong demagnetizing effects (directed in the opposite direction to the impressed magnetization direction of the permanent magnet arrangement ) Magnetic fields or flux densities at the location of the permanent magnet arrangement. These can irreversibly damage the magnetic polarization J of the permanent magnets in the permanent magnet arrangement depending on its temperature and the strength of the external magnetic flux applied (irreversible or spontaneous demagnetization). This makes the actuator partially ineffective and, in the worst case, unusable.
  • the critical function value at which this so-called “spontaneous” or irreversible demagnetization occurs is known to be the coercive field strength of the polarization, which is strongly dependent on the temperature.
  • the actuator In order to protect the permanent magnet arrangement from such demagnetization, the actuator must be designed so that the permanent magnet material does not experience such a strong demagnetizing field, which in turn depends on the material used for the permanent magnet arrangement. If this is not possible or not provided for in the valve (for example in the first variant mentioned above; without a shielding element), permanent magnets with a specially resistant material mixture must be used with regard to the coercive field strength of the polarization. However, such special material mixtures are associated with high costs.
  • temperature class This material classes are usually identified by special letter identifiers behind the energy classification of the permanent magnets. These terms are often referred to as “temperature class” because they describe the temperature up to which a typical permanent magnet can be used (passively) without experiencing spontaneous demagnetization. However, no additional demagnetizing fields are taken into account, so this “temperature class” can only be seen as an indication.
  • the permanent magnets are exposed to high demagnetizing fields, which also pose a risk of up to 120 ° C due to the typically high operating temperatures of the actuators (e.g. in valves and shock absorbers). of spontaneous demagnetization.
  • a shielding element that is, for the first variant, at least "N40SH” magnets (NdFeB magnets with 40 MGOe energy and the temperature/demagnetization class "SH”) are preferably used in order to function as intended at least at room temperature.
  • this higher material category up to around 150°C may not be enough to protect the magnets at 120°C.
  • the permanent magnets are structurally protected against demagnetization with the help of the shielding element and, if necessary, the connecting element.
  • the shielding element is, as mentioned, a soft or ferromagnetic element in the form of a ring or a plate (eg a stamped iron plate, in particular tool-free), which is attached at least in front of the permanent magnet arrangement of the active magnetic circuit.
  • a connecting element as described above is preferably provided between the anchor element and the shielding element. With this structure, the more cost-effective temperature class “H” is preferably used.
  • Figures 1A and 1B show schematic, radial cross sections through a first exemplary embodiment of the actuator according to the invention
  • Figures 2A and 2B show schematic, radial cross sections through a second exemplary embodiment of the actuator according to the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a switching valve according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B show a radial cross-sectional view through a first exemplary embodiment of the actuator 10 according to the invention, starting from the actuator axis 20.
  • the actuator 10 comprises an actuator which can be moved linearly along the actuator axis 20 and comprises a plunger 30 and a magnet armature 40.
  • the magnet armature 40 consists of a first annular permanent magnet 41 and a second disk-shaped permanent magnet 42, each of which has an axial and opposite magnetization , so that a bidirectionally magnetized component results.
  • the magnet armature 40 also includes an intermediate anchor or carrier element 43 made of a soft magnetic material.
  • the actuator 10 further comprises a fixed flow guide element arrangement 50 with a first yoke 51, a second yoke 52, an outer tube section 53 and a central yoke 54, all of which are made of soft magnetic material.
  • the middle yoke 54 is a ring component.
  • first magnetic circuit 81 This creates (in the de-energized case) a first magnetic circuit 81, the flux lines of which run through the first permanent magnet 41, the first yoke 51, the outer tube section 53, the middle yoke 54 and the anchor element 43.
  • second magnetic circuit 82 is created, the flux lines of which run through the second permanent magnet 42, the second yoke 52, the outer tube section 53, the middle yoke 54 and the anchor element 43.
  • the actuator 10 includes a magnetic coil 60, which is surrounded by the first magnetic circuit 81, which is referred to as the active magnetic circuit.
  • the magnet armature 40 is in the first end position, so that the axial end face of the magnet armature 40 formed by the first permanent magnet 41 is spaced from the first yoke 51 by a first axial gap 71. Accordingly, the first magnetic circuit is closed or its magnetic conductivity is maximized, which is indicated by the round arrow in the first magnetic circuit 81.
  • the magnet armature 40 is in the second end position, so that the axial end face of the magnet armature 40 formed by the second permanent magnet 42 is spaced from the second yoke 52 by a second axial gap 72. Accordingly, the second magnetic circuit is closed or its magnetic conductivity is maximized, which is indicated by the round arrow in the second magnetic circuit 82.
  • the magnet armature 40 can then be moved between the first and second end positions.
  • the current supply is, for example, a current pulse of 10 amperes (which, with 100 coil turns, corresponds to a total current supply of 1000 ampere turns) with a duration of between 300 and 800 milliseconds.
  • the coil 60 is energized in such a way that the magnetic flux in the first magnetic circuit is weakened, so that the holding force in the first end position is overcome and the magnet armature moves into the second end position.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B A second exemplary embodiment of the actuator 10 is shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. This differs from the first exemplary embodiment in that an additional shielding element 44 is provided in the magnet armature 40 on the end face of the first permanent magnet 41 facing away from the armature element 43. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the annular shielding element 44 covers the entire axial end face of the first permanent magnet 41.
  • the first permanent magnet 41 On the radial inside of the first permanent magnet 41 there is an optional soft magnetic element (connecting element 45), which magnetically connects the shielding element 44 to the anchor element 43.
  • the shielding element 44 optionally in conjunction with the soft magnetic connecting element 45, the first permanent magnet 41 is, so to speak, "buried” in soft magnetic material and is thereby shielded in particular from the magnetic field of the coil 60, so that on the first permanent magnet 41, in comparison with the first exemplary embodiment, only less local magnetic field strengths occur. Accordingly, this embodiment is less critical to irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet 41 and therefore allows the use of permanent magnets that are less stable to irreversible demagnetization, that is, permanent magnets with a lower temperature and/or demagnetization class.
  • a shielding element 44 is also provided on the end face of the second permanent magnet 42 facing away from the anchor element 43.
  • FIG. 1 An exemplary embodiment of a pneumatic switching valve 100 is shown in FIG. This includes the actuator 10, on whose tappet 20 a valve body 101 is permanently mounted. In the first end position of the actuator 10, the valve body 101 closes a valve seat 102 of the valve 100. In the state shown in FIG. 3, the actuator 10 is in the second end position in which the switching valve is open.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un actionneur (10) comprenant une armature magnétique (40) qui peut être déplacée entre une première et une seconde position finale stable, et un agencement d'éléments de guidage de flux (50) pour former un premier et un second circuit magnétique (81, 82), les deux circuits magnétiques ciruclant à travers l'armature magnétique et le courant circulant à travers les deux circuits magnétiques dans des directions opposées, et l'agencement d'éléments de guidage de flux ayant une section de guidage de flux commune (54) à travers laquelle les deux circuits magnétiques circulent ensemble. L'invention concerne également une soupape de commutation (100) et un amortisseur.
PCT/EP2023/067615 2022-07-01 2023-06-28 Actionneur bistable à culasse centrale WO2024003121A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022116459.4 2022-07-01
DE102022116459.4A DE102022116459A1 (de) 2022-07-01 2022-07-01 Bistabiler aktuator mit mittenjoch

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WO2024003121A1 true WO2024003121A1 (fr) 2024-01-04

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1789007A1 (de) * 1967-09-26 1972-03-02 Villamos Berendezes Es Keszule Polarisierter elektromagnetischer Schalter
DE3783887T2 (de) * 1986-11-19 1993-05-27 Telemecanique Electrique Bistabiler polarisierter elektromagnet.
DE19742283A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-08 Veit Zoeppig Pneumatikventil
DE102009029826A1 (de) * 2009-06-18 2011-01-13 Pierburg Gmbh Elektromagnetventil
US20170011834A1 (en) * 2015-01-27 2017-01-12 American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Magnetically latching two position actuator and a clutched device having a magnetically latching two position actuator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2013051A1 (de) 1970-03-19 1971-10-07 Magnetschultz Spezialfabrik F Elektromagnet für Regelzwecke
US4127835A (en) 1977-07-06 1978-11-28 Dynex/Rivett Inc. Electromechanical force motor
DE10202628A1 (de) 2002-01-21 2003-08-07 Prettl Rolf Multistabile Stellvorrichtung
DE202004012292U1 (de) 2004-08-05 2004-12-09 Trw Automotive Gmbh Elektromagnetischer Stellantrieb
DE102010017874B4 (de) 2010-04-21 2013-09-05 Saia-Burgess Dresden Gmbh Bistabiler Magnetaktor
DE102016107410A1 (de) 2016-04-21 2017-10-26 Johnson Electric Germany GmbH & Co. KG Bistabiler Aktuator für ein polarisiertes elektromagnetisches Relais
DE102018103046A1 (de) 2018-02-12 2019-08-14 Rausch & Pausch Gmbh Magnetventil und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Magnetventils

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1789007A1 (de) * 1967-09-26 1972-03-02 Villamos Berendezes Es Keszule Polarisierter elektromagnetischer Schalter
DE3783887T2 (de) * 1986-11-19 1993-05-27 Telemecanique Electrique Bistabiler polarisierter elektromagnet.
DE19742283A1 (de) * 1997-09-25 1999-04-08 Veit Zoeppig Pneumatikventil
DE102009029826A1 (de) * 2009-06-18 2011-01-13 Pierburg Gmbh Elektromagnetventil
US20170011834A1 (en) * 2015-01-27 2017-01-12 American Axle & Manufacturing, Inc. Magnetically latching two position actuator and a clutched device having a magnetically latching two position actuator

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