EP0469385B1 - Système magnétique - Google Patents

Système magnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0469385B1
EP0469385B1 EP91111897A EP91111897A EP0469385B1 EP 0469385 B1 EP0469385 B1 EP 0469385B1 EP 91111897 A EP91111897 A EP 91111897A EP 91111897 A EP91111897 A EP 91111897A EP 0469385 B1 EP0469385 B1 EP 0469385B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet
pole
magnetic
armature
permanent magnet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91111897A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0469385A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Graner
Hans Dipl.-Ing. Kubach
Marcel Dipl.-Ing. Kirchner (Fh)
Günther Dipl.-Ing. Bantleon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0469385A1 publication Critical patent/EP0469385A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0469385B1 publication Critical patent/EP0469385B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1676—Means for avoiding or reducing eddy currents in the magnetic circuit, e.g. radial slots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a magnet system for solenoid valves for controlling liquids, in particular for fuel injection valves, of the type defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the known magnet system according to FIG. 1 has an electromagnet 1 with an excitation coil 2, which surrounds a cylindrical magnetic core 3 forming a magnetic pole with a pole face. Coaxial to the magnetic core 3, the excitation coil 2 is enclosed by a magnet housing 4 which, on the one hand, has a yoke 5 at which the Pole face away from the end face of the magnetic core 3 and on the other hand via a ring web 6 with a magnetic constriction 7 near the pole face of the magnetic core 3 with this magnetically conductive.
  • an armature 10 Opposed to the magnetic pole formed by the magnetic core 3 is an armature 10, which extends partially over the pole plate 9 and forms a working air gap 11 to the pole face.
  • the arrangement of the permanent magnet 8 and the flooding of the excitation coil 2 is such that the magnetic fluxes of the permanent magnet 8 and the electromagnet 1 in the working air gap 11 are opposite to each other.
  • the armature 10, which is firmly connected to the valve member of the solenoid valve, is of free-floating design. When the electromagnet 1 is not excited, it is held by the permanent magnet 8 against the hydraulic pressure acting on the valve member in the valve chamber on the magnetic core 3.
  • the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8 in the working air gap 11 is weakened, so that its holding force acting on the armature 10 decreases until the armature 10 lifts off from the magnetic core 3 due to the hydraulic counterforce and thereby opens the valve.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the excitation coil 2 is denoted in FIG. 1 by ⁇ E and the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet 8 by ⁇ P.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ E is formed via armature 10, working air gap 11, magnetic core 3, yoke 5, magnet housing 4, permanent magnet 8 and pole plate 9 in two magnetic circuits symmetrical to the axis of the magnet system. Since the permanent magnet 8 has a permeability like that of air, it generates a relatively high magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet 1, which is increased by Driving power of the excitation coil must be compensated.
  • the cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet 8 is therefore made relatively large, while the thickness of the permanent magnet 8, which is thereby small, results from the required magnetic voltage and the greatest possible coercive field strength. Because of its larger area, the eddy current losses in the permanent magnet 8 also increase. Thin, large permanent magnets 8 are exposed to a considerable risk of breakage during their processing, which increases the manufacturing costs considerably. To reduce the eddy current losses, the permanent magnet 8 is made of cobalt samarium, which has a relatively low resistance, but is very brittle, so that the risk of breakage during magnet processing is further increased.
  • the free-flying armature 10 is lifted from the magnetic pole exclusively by the hydraulic back pressure acting on the valve member of the solenoid valve.
  • the hydraulic back pressure decreases strongly during the opening phase of the solenoid valve and sometimes even becomes negative.
  • a polarity reversing magnetic force would therefore be desirable to keep the valve open.
  • the magnet system according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet now closes via the opposite pole, the second working air gap, the armature, the first working air gap, the magnetic core, the yoke and the magnet housing, and thus the permanent magnet its great magnetic resistance no longer in Magnetic circuit of the electromagnet is.
  • the permanent magnet no longer needs to be dimensioned from the point of view of the minimized magnetic resistance.
  • the permanent magnet can thus be made thicker, so that its breaking strength is increased.
  • iron neodymium can now be used as a magnetic material, which is about twice as high-resistance with comparable magnetic energy and has not been considered so far because of its high temperature coefficient of remanence. Iron neodymium is not as brittle as cobalt samarium and is easier to process. Overall, the permanent magnet can be manufactured much more cost-effectively in the magnet system according to the invention.
  • a lifting force is exerted on the armature when the electromagnet is excited, which counteracts the attraction force of the permanent magnet.
  • the force acting on the armature of the permanent magnet and electromagnet decreases with increasing excitation of the electromagnet and finally becomes negative, so that the armature is not only removed from the magnetic pole by the hydraulic pressure in the solenoid valve, but additionally by an electromagnetically generated lifting force.
  • This negative magnetic force is desirable when using the magnet system in hydraulic valves, in particular fuel injection valves, because in these the valve member acts on the valve member Hydraulic pressure acting on the armature becomes very small during the opening stroke of the magnet system and is no longer sufficient to hold the armature in a defined end position in which the solenoid valve is open in a defined manner.
  • This "negative attraction force" on the armature is generated without reversal of current in the excitation coil of the electromagnet, so that an intervention in the control electronics is not necessary.
  • F max acts on the armature.
  • the dotted curve in FIG. 3 for the falling anchor can also be shifted along the flow.
  • the switchover points w ⁇ I on , w ⁇ I off at which the tightening force F is equal to the hydraulic force F hydr acting on the armature (when using the magnet system in a hydraulic solenoid valve) can be set in this way. Without magnetic tension at the stray air gap, they would be outside the desired range.
  • the hysteresis I an - I from the electrical excitation of the electromagnet, ie the excitation of the electromagnet required to move the armature from the two stop positions, is smaller by a factor of ⁇ 2 than in the known magnet system with otherwise identical data. This reduces the power required to control the hysteresis by half. This enables either a reduction in current and thus a reduction in eddy current losses or a reduction in the number of turns of the excitation coil and thus a reduction in its inductance.
  • the magnet system according to the invention is further characterized by a sufficiently large rate of change of the magnetic force acting on the armature via the excitation current. In order to the influence of variable forces F hydr is reduced. at the anchor stops on the switching time.
  • the end face of the magnet housing facing away from the yoke is connected to the magnet core near the pole face thereof via an annular web, preferably integral therewith.
  • the permanent magnet rests on the ring web and is held on it only by its magnetic force.
  • a magnetic constriction acting in the radial direction is introduced into the ring web.
  • the opposite pole with flux guide element is realized by a pole plate which is fastened to the magnet housing by means of a holder.
  • the holder is made of non-magnetic material or of soft magnetic material, eg nickel iron, with a Curie temperature of approx. 80 ° C.
  • the soft magnetic material is used when the permanent magnet is made of iron neodymium in order to exactly compensate for the high temperature response of the permanent magnet made of iron neodymium with the large temperature response of the low-lying saturation induction of the nickel-iron.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a longitudinal section of a magnet system for solenoid valves for controlling liquids, which illustrates the basic structure of the magnet system.
  • the magnet system consists of an electromagnet 20 and a permanent magnet 21.
  • the electromagnet 20 has an excitation coil 38 which surrounds a magnetic core 24 which forms a magnetic pole 22 with a pole face 23 and is in turn enclosed by a magnet housing 25.
  • the magnet housing 25 is close on the one hand via a yoke 26 with the end face of the magnetic core 24 facing away from the pole face 23 and on the other hand via an annular web 27 the pole face 23 connected to the magnetic core 24.
  • Magnetic core 24, magnetic housing 25, yoke 26 and ring web 27 are made of the same ferromagnetic material.
  • the ring-shaped permanent magnet 21 lies on the ring web 27 and surrounds the magnetic core 24. It is held on the ring web 27 exclusively by its magnetic force and covers only part of the surface of the ring web 27.
  • the permanent magnet can be made of iron neodymium.
  • a magnetic armature 28 is exposed to the magnetic pole 22 with the formation of a first working air gap 31 and covers a partial area of the permanent magnet 21 with the formation of a larger ring air gap 33
  • Armature 28 forms a second working air gap 32.
  • the opposite pole 29 with its annular pole face 30 is formed on a pole plate 35 which surrounds the permanent magnet 21 with an edge web 36 and is coupled to the ring web 27 and thus to the magnet housing 25 via an annular stray air gap 34.
  • the pole plate 35 is fastened to the magnet housing 25 with a holding element 37 and has a circular recess for the passage of a valve member to be connected to the armature 28.
  • the holding element 37 consists either of non-magnetic material or of soft magnetic material with a Curie temperature of approximately 80 ° C.
  • a soft magnetic material is nickel iron.
  • the latter is preferably used when the permanent magnet 21 is made of iron neodymium. With the large temperature response of the low-lying saturation induction of nickel iron, the high temperature response of the permanent magnet 21 made of iron neodymium can be exactly compensated for.
  • the flooding of the Excitation coil 38 of the electromagnet 20 and the arrangement of the permanent magnet 21 magnetized in the axial direction is such that the magnetic fluxes ⁇ E and ⁇ P from the electromagnet 20 and the permanent magnet 21 in the working air gap 31 are directed in opposite directions.
  • the two magnetic fluxes are formed symmetrically to the axis of the magnet system. For the sake of clarity, the respective magnetic flux is shown in FIG. 2 only in one half of the symmetry.
  • the magnetic flux ⁇ P of the permanent magnet 21 is divided into two partial fluxes ⁇ P1 and ⁇ P2 .
  • a leakage flux ⁇ P3 forms over the leakage air gap 34.
  • ⁇ p2 does not pass over armature 21 in region 67 of permanent magnet 21 projecting armature 28 and serves to bias the stray air gap 34 magnetically.
  • a magnetic constriction 40 is formed in the annular web 27 by introducing an annular groove 39.
  • This constriction 40 reduces the partial flux ⁇ P2 to a value which is optimal for controlling the flux in the magnetic core 24 in both directions.
  • the constriction 40 can be specifically saturated, so that a leakage flux of ⁇ E is prevented from flowing along this path.
  • the movement of the armature 28 is limited by stops, not shown here, so that a residual air gap remains between the pole faces 23 and 30 and the armature lying against the stop.
  • the ring air gap 33 is dimensioned approximately twice as large as the maximum working air gap 31 or the maximum working air gap 32, which corresponds to the maximum stroke of the armature 28.
  • the annular cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet 21 is made about 1.5 times larger than the sum of the pole areas 23, 30 of the magnetic pole 22 and the opposite pole 29.
  • a fuel injection valve is shown in longitudinal section, in which the described magnet system is used. As far as components correspond to those in Fig. 2, they are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • the magnet system is inserted in a screen housing 41 in which a fuel inflow 42 and a fuel outflow 43 are provided. Fuel inflow 42 and fuel outflow 43 are separated by an injected filter or strainer 44 from axial axial channels 45, 66, which extend to the pole plate 35 of the magnet system. A plurality of fuel guide pieces 55 are inserted between the axial channels 45, 66 (FIG. 5).
  • the pole plate 35 closes the screen housing 41 on the end face and is welded to the magnet housing 25 with non-magnetic or temperature-dependent magnetically saturated connecting pieces 46, which correspond to the holding element 37 in FIG. 2.
  • a valve body 48 passes through the circular recess 47 of the pole plate 35 and is fixedly connected to the armature 28. Concentric to the recess 47, the pole plate 35 carries on the side facing away from the armature 28 a recess 49, on which a valve seat 50 is formed, with which the valve body 48 cooperates to close and open the fuel injection valve.
  • the valve body 48 carries a circumferential groove 51, which is connected via radial slots 52 arranged in the pole plate 35 in the region of the passage opening 47 to a flow gap 53 which surrounds the armature 28 in a circular manner and which in turn is connected to the axial channels 66 via channels 56.
  • the fuel flow in channels 54 between the axial channels 45 and 66 should preferably cool the pole plate 35.
  • the fuel flow in the flow gap 53 cools the front area of the valve. In the event of a hot start, the liquid part of the fuel can collect below the channels 54 in the space 56 (FIG. 4) and separate from the gaseous components in such a way that only liquid fuel is injected.
  • the areas 57 of the screen housing 41 are resilient, so that the screen housing 41 presses against a stop 59 on the pole plate 35 regardless of the size of an O-ring 58.
  • the excitation winding 38 of the electromagnet 20 is carried by a coil former 60 and is connected to connection pins 61. These in turn are welded to connector pins 62 in a connector housing 63.
  • the connector housing 63 is firmly connected to the magnet housing 25 by a flange 64.
  • the magnetic core 24 with an integrally attached yoke 26 and excitation coil 38 are encapsulated in the magnet housing 25 by a potting compound 65.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Système magnétique pour soupape magnétique commandant des liquides, notamment pour des soupapes d'injection de carburant ou injecteurs, comportant un électroaimant (20) qui est formé d'un noyau magnétique (24) constituant un pôle magnétique (22), d'une bobine d'excitation (38) entourant le noyau magnétique (24), et d'un boîtier d'aimant (25) entourant coaxialement la bobine d'excitation, reliés par une culasse de retour (26) pour le retour du flux magnétique à la face frontale du noyau d'aimant (24) opposée à la surface polaire (23) et à un aimant permanent annulaire (21) à aimantation suivant l'axe, cet aimant étant prévu coaxialement au noyau magnétique (24) à proximité de sa surface polaire (23) et à un induit (28) sensiblement en forme de disque qui se trouve libre en regard du pôle magnétique (23) en formant un entrefer par rapport à sa surface polaire (23), le passage du flux de la bobine d'excitation (38) et la disposition de l'aimant permanent (21) étant choisis pour que les flux magnétiques de l'électroaimant et de l'aimant permanent soient opposés l'un à l'autre dans l'entrefer, système caractérisé en ce que sur la surface de l'induit (28) opposé à l'entrefer (31), il y a un pôle magnétique antagoniste (29) formant un second entrefer (32), entre sa surface polaire (30) et l'induit (28), pour être couplé par élément de guidage de flux (35) entourant l'aimant permanent (21), au boîtier d'aimant (25).
  2. Système magnétique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le couplage du pôle antagoniste (29) et de l'élément de guidage de flux (35) sur le boîtier d'aimant (25) se fait par l'intermédiaire d'un entrefer de dispersion (34).
  3. Système magnétique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la face frontale du boîtier d'aimant (25) opposée à la culasse de retour de flux (26) est reliée par un bord annulaire (27) de préférence en une seule pièce, avec le noyau magnétique (24) à proximité de sa surface polaire (30), l'aimant permanent (21) s'appuyant sur le bord annulaire (27) et ce bord annulaire (27) comportant un point rétréci (40) agissant dans la direction radiale.
  4. Système magnétique selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le point rétréci (40), magnétique, est réalisé pour être à saturation magnétique ou pour qu'en appliquant un courant d'excitation électrique à la bobine d'excitation (38), il atteigne très rapidement son état de saturation.
  5. Système magnétique selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le point rétréci (40), magnétique, est formé par une rainure annulaire (39) réalisée dans le bord annulaire (27).
  6. Système magnétique selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le pôle antagoniste (29) est réalisé avec l'élément de guidage de flux sous la forme d'une plaque polaire (35) d'une seule pièce qui entoure l'aimant permanent (21) en laissant une distance radiale, et s'appuie contre le bord annulaire (27) et/ou le boîtier d'aimant (25).
  7. Système magnétique selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'entre la plaque polaire (35) et le bord annulaire (27) ou le boîtier d'aimant (25), il y a un entrefer dispersé (34) précontraint magnétiquement par un flux magnétique provenant de l'aimant permanent (21) dans sa zone (67) débordant de l'induit (28).
  8. Système magnétique selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que la plaque polaire (35) comporte un passage (47) concentrique pour un organe de soupape (48) de la soupape magnétique, relié solidairement à l'induit (28).
  9. Système magnétique selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la plaque polaire (35) est fixée au boîtier d'aimant (25) par un support (37), et ce support (37) est en une matière non magnétique ou en une matière magnétique douce ayant une température de Curie de 80°C, par exemple du fer-nickel.
  10. Système magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la section de l'aimant permanent, annulaire, située en regard de l'induit (28) et qui est parallèle à la surface polaire (23) du pôle magnétique, est supérieure d'environ 1,5 fois la somme des surfaces polaires (23, 30) du pôle magnétique (22) et du pôle antagoniste (29).
  11. Système magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (21) est en fer-néodyme.
  12. Système magnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (28) dépasse l'aimant permanent (21) au moins partiellement en formant un intervalle annulaire (33), et l'aimant permanent (21) est en retrait de la surface polaire (23) du pôle magnétique (22) pour qu'avec un entrefer minimum (31) entre l'induit (28) et la surface polaire (23) du pôle magnétique (22), l'entrefer annulaire (33) entre l'induit (28) et l'aimant permanent (21) corresponde à la course maximale de l'induit (28).
EP91111897A 1990-07-28 1991-07-17 Système magnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0469385B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4024054A DE4024054A1 (de) 1990-07-28 1990-07-28 Magnetsystem
DE4024054 1990-07-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0469385A1 EP0469385A1 (fr) 1992-02-05
EP0469385B1 true EP0469385B1 (fr) 1994-10-05

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EP91111897A Expired - Lifetime EP0469385B1 (fr) 1990-07-28 1991-07-17 Système magnétique

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Country Link
US (1) US5161779A (fr)
EP (1) EP0469385B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3107855B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9103216A (fr)
CZ (1) CZ279794B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE4024054A1 (fr)

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CN106122563A (zh) * 2016-08-25 2016-11-16 吴忠仪表有限责任公司 高精度阀门定位器用反馈装置
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Publication number Publication date
EP0469385A1 (fr) 1992-02-05
BR9103216A (pt) 1992-02-18
JP3107855B2 (ja) 2000-11-13
JPH04254306A (ja) 1992-09-09
CZ279794B6 (cs) 1995-06-14
US5161779A (en) 1992-11-10
DE59103162D1 (de) 1994-11-10
CS229791A3 (en) 1992-02-19
DE4024054A1 (de) 1992-01-30

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