EP3185256B1 - Électro-aimant - Google Patents

Électro-aimant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3185256B1
EP3185256B1 EP16204151.1A EP16204151A EP3185256B1 EP 3185256 B1 EP3185256 B1 EP 3185256B1 EP 16204151 A EP16204151 A EP 16204151A EP 3185256 B1 EP3185256 B1 EP 3185256B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yoke
end position
permanent magnet
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16204151.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3185256A1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Abler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3185256A1 publication Critical patent/EP3185256A1/fr
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Publication of EP3185256B1 publication Critical patent/EP3185256B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/083—External yoke surrounding the coil bobbin, e.g. made of bent magnetic sheet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnet, in particular a reversing lifting magnet.
  • Electromagnets are often used to drive equipment. Such electromagnets are designed for certain purposes in such a way that a respective armature is held in respective end positions, so that a force up to a certain height does not move the armature out of the respective end position. For example, springs can be provided for this. However, these can typically only act in one direction and also harbor the risk that they will result from prolonged use from wear or breakage. An alternative to this is to have at least one coil of the electromagnet energized in order to hold the armature. However, this consumes significant amounts of energy.
  • the invention relates to an electromagnet, in particular an electromagnetic reversing lifting magnet, which has a yoke and an armature.
  • the armature is movable in an armature space along an armature movement direction between a first end position and a second end position.
  • the yoke at least partially surrounds the anchor space.
  • the electromagnet has a coil with live windings which at least partially surrounds the armature space.
  • the coil In a first operating position, the coil can be supplied with current in a first current direction in such a way that the armature is moved into the first end position. In a second operating position, the coil can be acted upon by a current flowing opposite to the first current direction and the armature is moved into the second end position.
  • the armature has a permanent magnet. Furthermore, the armature is kept currentless in the respective end position.
  • the electromagnet By means of the electromagnet according to the invention it is possible to hold the armature in both end positions without the need to use electricity or the provision of mechanisms susceptible to wear such as springs. Rather, up to a certain force acting on the armature, the armature automatically remains in its respective end position.
  • the permanent magnet is used in particular, which creates a magnetic connection through other parts of the electromagnet and thus applies the required holding force.
  • the armature between the permanent magnet and an axial end of the armature pointing in the direction of the first end position is made of non-permanent magnetic material.
  • the armature between the permanent magnet and an axial end of the armature pointing in the direction of the second end position is made of non-permanent magnetic material.
  • Magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet can in particular run through the non-permanent magnetic materials in order to form a magnetic connection.
  • the permanent magnet In each end position, the permanent magnet preferably generates a magnetic connection, which in each case generates a holding force on the armature. This allows the advantageous effect of the permanent magnet to be used to generate a holding force.
  • the yoke and the armature space extend over the end of the coil and the yoke forms a yoke pot, and in the first end position the magnetic connection of the Permanent magnets are made over the yoke pot. This has proven to be advantageous for typical uses.
  • the yoke has a yoke collar that extends radially with respect to the coil axis and the armature space is delimited by a magnetic core on the end facing away from the yoke pot.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably magnetically closed in the second end position via the yoke collar, the yoke and the magnetic core.
  • the magnetic connection can in particular also take place around the coil.
  • the yoke has and / or receives the coil and the coil lies against the yoke collar in the interior of the yoke. This leads to an advantageous magnetic connection.
  • the permanent magnet is in the first end position between the yoke collar and the yoke bottom of the yoke pot. This allows a magnetic connection adjacent to the coil and thus particularly directly.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably in the second end position in the region of a contact surface described between the coil edge and the yoke collar. This favors the formation of the magnetic connection described above via the yoke collar and the magnetic core.
  • the electromagnet preferably has only one coil. This enables components to be saved and a more compact design.
  • the permanent magnet can in particular be disc-shaped. This advantageously allows the formation of magnetic locks mentioned above.
  • the permanent magnet preferably extends over less than 50%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5% of the axial extent of the armature. Such values have proven to be advantageous in practice.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably axially magnetized parallel to the armature movement direction. This advantageously allows the formation of the magnetic closures mentioned above.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably radially smaller than the rest of the armature.
  • the permanent magnet material used is sufficiently strong, which is why mass can be saved by reducing the diameter of the permanent magnet and the holding force can be adjusted.
  • the anchor is guided by means of an anchor tube located in the yoke, the bottom of which is touched by the anchor in the first end position and is made of non-magnetizable material and prevents adhesion. This facilitates the deliberate detachment of the anchor from the floor, since the holding force is reduced.
  • the necessary force for moving the armature from the end position can be set by the choice of the material or the thickness of the material.
  • the yoke in particular the yoke collar, is preferably made of a material whose thickness is smaller than the stroke of the armature between its two end positions.
  • Such a configuration basically ensures that the switching of the armature position from a first to a second end position (and back) means that the permanent magnet can move from one side to the other of the yoke collar during a switchover process.
  • An axially projecting, axially projecting collar is preferably formed on an axial end of the armature pointing in the direction of the first end position. This prevents or reduces any adhesion of the armature to other components, in particular to the bottom of the armature tube, since the contact area is reduced. The force required to move the armature from the end position can also be adjusted in this way.
  • the yoke is preferably made of soft magnetic steel. This improves the magnetic field guidance and has proven to be advantageous for the formation of the magnetic connections mentioned.
  • the yoke and the armature have a respective outer cross section transverse to the armature movement direction, an area of the outer cross section of the armature between 10% and 50%, in particular between 15% and 35%, particularly preferably 20% ⁇ 5% of the area of the Outer cross section of the yoke.
  • An interval is specified for the parameter external cross-section of the armature to external cross-section of the yoke, which is described by an upper and lower limit.
  • the following values are provided as the upper limit, for example: 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%.
  • the lower limit is, for example, the following values: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%.
  • the disclosure of this application encompasses the set of all intervals which exist through all possible, contradictory combinations of the aforementioned upper and lower limits.
  • the permanent magnet preferably has an axial extent which is less than or equal to the thickness of the yoke material in the region of the yoke collar. In interaction with the stroke of the electromagnet it is achieved that, depending on the end position of the permanent magnet, this is either on one or the other side of the yoke collar and accordingly produces the magnetic connection in the respective end position in an optimized manner.
  • the electromagnet can in particular be a bistable reversing lifting magnet. This is designed so that the armature is kept currentless in both end positions.
  • the armature is preferably movable over a stroke which is between 3 mm and 5 mm, in particular 4 mm.
  • the yoke is preferably made of a material with a thickness between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular 3 mm.
  • the yoke can in particular be made of VA steel. It can advantageously have a round outer cross section.
  • the permanent magnet preferably has an axial extent between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular 3 mm.
  • Figure 1 shows an electromagnet
  • the electromagnet 10 has a yoke 20 which delimits part of the electromagnet 10 on the outside.
  • An armature 30 is arranged in the interior of the electromagnet 10 and can be moved to a limited extent along an armature movement direction 36.
  • a permanent magnet 35 is arranged inside the armature 30 and only occupies a fraction of the extent of the armature 30 along the armature movement direction 36.
  • a first non-permanent magnetic material 33 is arranged on the left side of the permanent magnet 35.
  • a second non-permanent magnetic material 34 is arranged on the right side of the permanent magnet 35. The importance of the permanent magnet 36 and the non-permanent magnetic materials 33, 34 will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the armature 30 On the right side, the armature 30 has a circumferential projection 38 which is arranged radially on the outside. This leads to, that the anchor 30 does not have a flat contact surface on the right-hand side, but only the projection 38 can rest against a corresponding surface.
  • a coil 40 is arranged around the armature 30, through which a coil current can flow and thereby generate a magnetic field.
  • This magnetic field can drive the armature 30 along the armature movement direction 36.
  • the electromagnet 10 with its coil 40 is in particular designed such that coil currents can flow through the coil 40 in both directions, the armature 30 being moved in opposite directions depending on the direction of the coil current.
  • the electromagnet 10 is designed such that it only needs one coil 40 and the provision of a further coil, which is common in the prior art, can be dispensed with.
  • the permanent magnet 35 is formed with a somewhat smaller diameter compared to the surrounding part of the armature 30.
  • the coil 40 is formed symmetrically about a coil axis 41. This coil axis 41 is aligned parallel to the armature movement direction 36. On the right side, the coil 40 has a coil edge 42. In addition, it has a contact surface 47 toward the anchor 30.
  • the armature 30 is surrounded by an armature tube 50 which extends along the armature movement direction 36.
  • the anchor tube 50 has a bottom 52, which in the in Figure 1 shown state is touched by the anchor 30.
  • the armature tube 50 is located partially within the coil 40 and further looks to the right beyond the coil 40.
  • the anchor tube 50 also looks slightly to the left beyond the coil 40.
  • the anchor tube 50 is used in particular to guide the anchor 30 more precisely.
  • the armature 30 moves along the armature movement direction 36 in an armature space 60, which is formed in the interior of the electromagnet 10.
  • the armature space 60 is delimited on the left side by a magnetic core 70.
  • a yoke pot 26 is formed in the yoke 20 and has a yoke base 27. Adjacent to the yoke pot 26, a yoke collar 28 is formed in the yoke 20, which adjoins the coil 40.
  • the armature 30 In the in Figure 1 shown state, the armature 30 is in a first end position, being moved to the right as far as possible.
  • the projection 38 of the armature 30 thus directly adjoins the bottom 52 of the armature tube 50.
  • the permanent magnet 35 is located outside the coil 40 adjacent to the yoke collar 28. This allows a magnetic connection which runs over the second non-permanent magnetic material 34, the yoke base 27, the yoke pot 26, the yoke collar 28 and the first non-permanent magnetic material 33.
  • the permanent magnet 35 is magnetized axially parallel to the armature movement direction 36 to support the formation of such a magnetic connection.
  • the magnetic connection just described ensures that the armature 30 in the in Figure 1 Position shown is held, especially when the coil current flowing through the coil 40 is switched off. A certain amount of force can therefore be exerted on the armature 10 without it moving. It should be pointed out that this effect is supported in particular by the fact that the magnetic connection can be formed on the right side of the coil 40.
  • Figure 2 shows the electromagnet 10 of Figure 1 in another state, the armature 30 being in a second end position.
  • This second end position is directly opposite the first end position, this means in particular that the armature 30 is located as far to the left as is possible due to the design.
  • a magnetic connection is formed, which runs through the second non-permanent magnetic material 34, the yoke collar 28, the yoke 20, the magnetic core 70 and the first non-permanent magnetic material 33.
  • the magnetic connection goes around the coil 40.
  • This magnetic connection also causes the armature 30 in its second end position, which in FIG Figure 2 is shown, is held so that a force up to a certain height does not move the armature 30.
  • the bottom 52 of the anchor tube 50 is coated or designed such that adhesion of the anchor 30 to the bottom 52 is prevented.
  • it is in particular made of non-magnetic material. This facilitates the operation of the electromagnet 10.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Électroaimant, en particulier aimant de course réversible électromagnétique, qui présente une culasse (20) et un induit (30), l'induit (30) étant déplaçable dans un espace d'induit (60) le long d'une direction de déplacement d'induit (36) entre une première position d'extrémité et une deuxième position d'extrémité, la culasse (20) entourant au moins en partie l'espace d'induit (60) et l'électroaimant (10) présentant une bobine (40) avec des enroulements conduisant le courant, qui entoure au moins en partie l'espace d'induit (60), et la bobine (40) pouvant être sollicitée dans une première position de fonctionnement avec du courant dans une première direction de courant, de telle sorte que l'induit (30) soit déplacé dans la première position d'extrémité et la bobine (40) pouvant être sollicitée dans une deuxième position de fonctionnement avec un courant s'étendant dans une deuxième direction de courant opposée à la première direction de courant, et l'induit (30) étant déplacé dans la deuxième position d'extrémité, l'induit (30) présentant un aimant permanent (35) et l'induit (30) étant maintenu sans courant dans la position d'extrémité respective, la culasse (20) et l'espace d'induit (60), vus dans la direction axiale d'un axe de bobine (41), s'étendant au-delà de l'extrémité de la bobine (40) et la culasse (20) formant un pot de culasse (26), caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent, dans la première position d'extrémité, se trouve entre un épaulement de culasse réalisé en position adjacente au pot de culasse, qui est adjacent à la bobine (40), et un fond de culasse du pot de culasse et, dans la première position d'extrémité, se produit la fermeture de circuit magnétique de l'aimant permanent (35) par le biais du pot de culasse (26).
  2. Électroaimant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (30) entre l'aimant permanent (35) et une extrémité axiale de l'induit (30) tournée dans la direction de la première position d'extrémité est réalisé en matériau non magnétisable de manière permanente (34) et/ou l'induit (30) entre l'aimant permanent (35) et une extrémité axiale de l'induit (30) tournée dans la direction de la deuxième position d'extrémité est réalisé en matériau non magnétisable de manière permanente (33).
  3. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (35), dans chaque position d'extrémité, génère une fermeture de circuit magnétique qui génère à chaque fois une force de retenue sur l'induit (30).
  4. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaulement de culasse (28), par rapport à l'axe de bobine (41), s'étend radialement et l'espace d'induit (60) est limité par un noyau magnétique (70) à l'extrémité opposée au pot de culasse (26) et la fermeture de circuit magnétique de l'aimant permanent (35) s'effectue dans la deuxième position d'extrémité par le biais de l'épaulement de culasse (28), de la culasse (20) et du noyau magnétique (70).
  5. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (20) présente/reçoit la bobine (40) et la bobine (40) s'applique à l'intérieur de la culasse (20) contre l'épaulement de culasse (28).
  6. Électroaimant selon la revendication précédente, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (35), dans la deuxième position d'extrémité, se trouve dans la région de la surface d'appui (47) décrite entre le bord de bobine (42) et l'épaulement de culasse (28).
  7. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'électroaimant (10) ne présente qu'une seule bobine (40).
  8. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (35) est réalisé en forme de disque et/ou l'aimant permanent (35) s'étend sur moins de 50 %, moins de 30 %, moins de 20 %, moins de 10 % ou moins de 5 % de l'étendue axiale de l'induit (30).
  9. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (35) est magnétisé axialement parallèlement à la direction de déplacement de l'induit (36).
  10. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'aimant permanent (35) est radialement inférieur au reste de la partie d'induit (30).
  11. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (30) est guidé au moyen d'un tube d'induit (50) se trouvant dans la culasse (20), dont le fond (52), avec lequel vient en contact l'induit (30) dans la première position d'extrémité, est réalisé en matériau non magnétisable et/ou antiadhésif.
  12. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (20), en particulier l'épaulement de culasse (28), est réalisé(e) en un matériau dont l'épaisseur est inférieure à la course de l'induit (30) entre ses deux positions d'extrémité.
  13. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'à une extrémité axiale de l'induit (30) tournée dans la direction de la première position d'extrémité est réalisé un épaulement (38) périphérique extérieur saillant axialement.
  14. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (20) est réalisée en acier magnétique doux.
  15. Électroaimant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la culasse (20) et l'induit (30) présentent, transversalement à la direction de déplacement de l'induit (36), une section transversale extérieure respective, une surface de la section transversale extérieure de l'induit (30) représentant entre 15 % et 25 %, en particulier 20 %, de la surface de la section transversale extérieure de la culasse (20) et/ou l'aimant permanent (35) présente une étendue axiale qui est inférieure ou égale à l'épaisseur du matériau de culasse dans la région de l'épaulement de culasse (28).
EP16204151.1A 2015-12-14 2016-12-14 Électro-aimant Active EP3185256B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015121739.2A DE102015121739A1 (de) 2015-12-14 2015-12-14 Elektromagnet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3185256A1 EP3185256A1 (fr) 2017-06-28
EP3185256B1 true EP3185256B1 (fr) 2020-04-08

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EP16204151.1A Active EP3185256B1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2016-12-14 Électro-aimant

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EP (1) EP3185256B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015121739A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2793247T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017212820A1 (de) * 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bistabiles Magnetventil für ein hydraulisches Bremssystem
JP7393125B2 (ja) * 2018-03-13 2023-12-06 フスコ オートモーティブ ホールディングス エル・エル・シー 中間状態を有する双安定ソレノイド
US20220068533A1 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Husco Automotive Holdings Llc Systems and Methods for a Self-Shorting Bi-Stable Solenoid

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19608953A1 (de) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-11 Harting Kgaa Bistabiler Kleinmagnet
US6512435B2 (en) * 2001-04-25 2003-01-28 Charles Willard Bistable electro-magnetic mechanical actuator
DE102007016787A1 (de) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-09 Schultz, Wolfgang E., Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ankerlage in einem Elektromagneten

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

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Publication number Publication date
ES2793247T3 (es) 2020-11-13
EP3185256A1 (fr) 2017-06-28
DE102015121739A1 (de) 2017-06-14

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