EP3185256A1 - Électro-aimant - Google Patents

Électro-aimant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3185256A1
EP3185256A1 EP16204151.1A EP16204151A EP3185256A1 EP 3185256 A1 EP3185256 A1 EP 3185256A1 EP 16204151 A EP16204151 A EP 16204151A EP 3185256 A1 EP3185256 A1 EP 3185256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
yoke
end position
permanent magnet
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16204151.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3185256B1 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Abler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG filed Critical SVM Schultz Verwaltungs GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3185256A1 publication Critical patent/EP3185256A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3185256B1 publication Critical patent/EP3185256B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/083—External yoke surrounding the coil bobbin, e.g. made of bent magnetic sheet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
    • H01F2007/086—Structural details of the armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnet, in particular a Umledgehubmagneten.
  • Electromagnets are often used to drive equipment. Such electromagnets are designed for certain purposes so that a respective armature is held in respective end positions, so that a force up to a certain height does not move the armature out of the respective end position.
  • springs may be provided. However, these can typically only act in one direction and also involve the risk that they may become due to prolonged use from wear or breakage fail.
  • An alternative to this is to let at least one coil of the electromagnet energized to hold the anchor. However, this consumes significant amounts of energy.
  • the invention relates to an electromagnet, in particular an electromagnetic Umlosehubmagneten having a yoke and an armature.
  • the armature is movable in an armature space along an armature movement direction between a first end position and a second end position.
  • the yoke surrounds the anchor space at least partially.
  • the electromagnet has a coil with current-carrying windings which at least partially surrounds the armature space.
  • the coil In a first operating position, the coil can be supplied with current in a first current direction such that the armature is moved into the first end position. In a second operating position, the coil can be acted upon by a current flowing in a direction opposite to the first current direction, and the armature is moved into the second end position.
  • the armature has a permanent magnet. Furthermore, the armature is kept de-energized in the respective end position.
  • the electromagnet By means of the electromagnet according to the invention, it is possible to keep the armature in both end positions, without the need for this power needs to be expended or the provision of susceptible to wear mechanisms such as springs is required. Rather, up to a certain force acting on the armature, the armature automatically remains in its respective end position.
  • the permanent magnet which generates a magnetic circuit through other parts of the electromagnet and thus applies the required holding force.
  • the armature between the permanent magnet and a pointing in the direction of the first end position axial end of the armature is formed of non-permanent magnetic material.
  • the armature between the permanent magnet and an axial end of the armature pointing in the direction of the second end position is formed from non-permanent-magnetic material.
  • magnetic field lines of the permanent magnet can run in order to form a magnetic circuit.
  • the permanent magnet In each end position, the permanent magnet preferably generates a magnetic circuit which in each case generates a holding force on the armature. This allows the use of the advantageous effect of the permanent magnet to generate a holding force.
  • the yoke and the armature space seen in the axial direction of the coil axis extend beyond the end of the coil and the yoke forms a Jochtopf, and in the first end position of the magnetic circuit of the Permanent magnets on the Jochtopf takes place. This has proven to be advantageous for typical uses.
  • the yoke has a yoke collar extending radially with respect to the coil axis, and the armature space is delimited on the end remote from the yoke pot by a magnetic core.
  • the magnetic closure of the permanent magnet in the second end position preferably takes place via the yoke collar, the yoke and the magnetic core.
  • the magnetic circuit can in particular also take place around the coil.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably in the first end position between the yoke collar and the yoke bottom of the Jochtopfes. This allows a magnetic circuit adjacent to the coil and thus particularly directly.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably located in the second end position in the region of a contact surface described between the coil edge and yoke collar. This favors the formation of the magnetic closure described above via the yoke collar and the magnetic core.
  • the electromagnet has only one coil. This allows the saving of components and a more compact design.
  • the permanent magnet may in particular be disc-shaped. This advantageously allows the above-mentioned formation of magnetic circuits.
  • the permanent magnet preferably extends over less than 50%, less than 30%, less than 20%, less than 10% or less than 5% of the axial extent of the armature. Such values have proven to be advantageous in practice.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably axially magnetized parallel to the armature movement direction. This advantageously allows the formation of the magnetic circuits mentioned above.
  • the permanent magnet is preferably radially smaller than the remaining part of the armature.
  • the permanent magnet material used is sufficiently strong, which is why mass can be saved by reducing the diameter of the permanent magnet and the holding force can be set.
  • the armature is skillfully guided by means of an armature tube located in the yoke, the bottom of which is touched by the armature in the first end position being designed to prevent sticking and / or of non-magnetizable material. This facilitates the intentional detachment of the anchor from the ground, as the holding force is reduced.
  • the necessary force for moving the armature can be adjusted from the end position by the choice of the material or the thickness of the material.
  • the yoke in particular the yoke collar, is preferably formed of a material whose thickness is smaller than the stroke of the armature between the two end positions thereof.
  • an outer circumferential, axially projecting collar is formed on a pointing in the direction of the first end position axial end of the armature. This prevents or reduces any adhesion of the armature to other components, in particular to the bottom of the armature tube, as the contact area is reduced. Again, the necessary force for moving the armature from the end position is adjustable.
  • the yoke is preferably formed of soft magnetic steel. This improves the magnetic field guidance and has proved to be advantageous for the formation of the mentioned magnetic circuits.
  • the yoke and the armature transversely to the armature movement direction have a respective outer cross section, wherein a surface of the outer cross section of the armature between 10% and 50%, in particular between 15% and 35%, particularly preferably 20% ⁇ 5% of the surface of Outside cross-section of the yoke makes up.
  • an interval is specified, which is described by an upper and lower limit.
  • the upper limit is the following values: 60%, 55%, 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, 25%, 20%.
  • the lower limits are, for example, the following values: 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%.
  • the disclosure of this application encompasses the set of all intervals consisting of all possible, consistent combinations of the aforementioned upper and lower limits.
  • the permanent magnet preferably has an axial extent which is smaller than or equal to the thickness of the yoke material in the region of the yoke collar. In interaction with the stroke of the electromagnet It is achieved that, depending on the end position of the permanent magnet, this is either on one or the other side of the yoke collar and accordingly optimizes the magnetic closure in the respective end position.
  • the electromagnet may in particular be a bistable reversing stroke magnet. This is designed so that the armature is kept de-energized in both end positions.
  • the armature is preferably movable over a stroke, which is between 3 mm and 5 mm, in particular 4 mm.
  • the yoke is preferably formed of a material having a thickness between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular 3 mm.
  • the yoke may be formed in particular from VA steel. It may advantageously have a round outer cross section.
  • the permanent magnet preferably has an axial extension between 2 mm and 4 mm, in particular 3 mm.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electromagnet
  • the electromagnet 10 has a yoke 20 which limits a part of the electromagnet 10 on the outside.
  • an armature 30 is arranged, which is limitedly movable along an armature movement direction 36.
  • a permanent magnet 35 is arranged, which occupies only a fraction of the extension of the armature 30 along the armature movement direction 36.
  • a first non-permanent magnetic material 33 is arranged on the left side of the permanent magnet 35.
  • a second non-permanent magnetic material 34 is arranged on the right side of the permanent magnet 35. The importance of the permanent magnet 36 and the non-permanent magnetic materials 33, 34 will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the armature 30 On the right side, the armature 30 has a circumferential projection 38, which is arranged radially on the outside. This leads to, that the armature 30 has no flat contact surface on the right side, but only the projection 38 can abut against a corresponding surface.
  • a coil 40 is arranged, which can be traversed by a coil current and thereby generates a magnetic field.
  • This magnetic field can drive the armature 30 along the armature movement direction 36.
  • the electromagnet 10 with its coil 40 is in particular designed such that through the coil 40 coil currents can flow in both directions, wherein depending on the direction of the coil current, the armature 30 is moved in opposite directions.
  • the electromagnet 10 is designed so that it only needs a coil 40 and can be dispensed with the provision of a further coil, which is common in the prior art.
  • the permanent magnet 35 is formed with a slightly smaller diameter compared to the surrounding part of the armature 30.
  • the coil 40 is formed symmetrically about a coil axis 41. This coil axis 41 is aligned parallel to the armature movement direction 36. On the right side, the coil 40 has a coil edge 42. In addition, it has an abutment surface 47 towards the armature 30.
  • the armature 30 surrounds an armature tube 50, which extends along the armature movement direction 36.
  • the anchor tube 50 has a bottom 52, which in the in FIG. 1 State shown by the armature 30 is touched.
  • the anchor tube 50 is partially within the coil 40, and further looks to the right beyond the coil 40. Slightly, the anchor tube 50 also looks to the left beyond the coil 40.
  • the anchor tube 50 is used in particular for more precise guidance of the armature 30th
  • the armature 30 moves along the armature movement direction 36 in an armature space 60, which is formed in the interior of the electromagnet 10.
  • the armature space 60 is bounded on the left side by a magnetic core 70.
  • a yoke pot 26 is formed, which has a yoke bottom 27. Adjacent to the Jochtopf 26, a yoke collar 28 is formed in the yoke 20, which adjoins the coil 40.
  • the armature 30 In the in FIG. 1 illustrated state, the armature 30 is in a first end position, where he was moved as far as possible to the right. Thus, the projection 38 of the armature 30 directly adjoins the bottom 52 of the anchor tube 50.
  • the permanent magnet 35 is located outside the coil 40 adjacent to the yoke collar 28. This allows a magnetic circuit which extends over the second non-permanent magnetic material 34, the yoke bottom 27, the Jochtopf 26, the yoke 28 and the first non-permanent magnetic material 33.
  • the permanent magnet 35 is magnetized to support the formation of such a magnetic circuit axially parallel to the armature movement direction 36.
  • the magnetic closure just described ensures that the armature 30 in the in FIG. 1 shown position, in particular even when the current flowing through the coil 40 coil current is turned off. Thus, a certain force can be exerted on the armature 10 without it moving. It should be noted that this effect is particularly supported by the fact that the magnetic circuit can be formed on the right side of the coil 40.
  • FIG. 2 shows the electromagnet 10 of FIG. 1 in another state, with the armature 30 in a second end position.
  • This second end position is directly opposite to the first end position, this means in particular that the armature 30 is as far to the left, as this is possible due to the design.
  • a magnetic circuit is formed, which passes through the second non-permanent magnetic material 34, the yoke collar 28, the yoke 20, the magnetic core 70 and the first non-permanent magnetic material 33.
  • the magnetic circuit is therefore in this case around the coil 40 around.
  • This magnetic closure also causes the armature 30 in its second end position, which in FIG. 2 is shown, is held so that a force does not move the armature 30 up to a certain height.
  • the bottom 52 of the anchor tube 50 is coated such that adhesion of the anchor 30 to the bottom 52 is prevented.
  • it is formed in particular of non-magnetic material. This facilitates the operation of the electromagnet 10.
  • the above-mentioned electromagnet wherein the yoke (20) has a yoke collar (28) extending radially relative to the coil axis (41), and the armature space (60) is disposed on the end remote from the yoke pot (26) by a magnetic core (70). is limited and the magnetic closure of the permanent magnet (35) in the second end position via the yoke collar (28), the yoke (20) and the magnetic core (70).
  • the yoke (20), in particular the yoke collar (28) is formed of a material whose thickness is smaller than the stroke of the armature (30) between the two end positions thereof.
  • the aforesaid electromagnet wherein the yoke (20) and the armature (30) have a respective one transverse to the armature movement direction (36) Have outer cross section, wherein a surface of the outer cross section of the armature (30) between 15% and 25%, in particular 20%, the area of the outer cross section of the yoke (20).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
EP16204151.1A 2015-12-14 2016-12-14 Électro-aimant Active EP3185256B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015121739.2A DE102015121739A1 (de) 2015-12-14 2015-12-14 Elektromagnet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3185256A1 true EP3185256A1 (fr) 2017-06-28
EP3185256B1 EP3185256B1 (fr) 2020-04-08

Family

ID=57629281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16204151.1A Active EP3185256B1 (fr) 2015-12-14 2016-12-14 Électro-aimant

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Country Link
EP (1) EP3185256B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102015121739A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2793247T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017212820A1 (de) * 2017-07-26 2019-01-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Bistabiles Magnetventil für ein hydraulisches Bremssystem
JP7393125B2 (ja) * 2018-03-13 2023-12-06 フスコ オートモーティブ ホールディングス エル・エル・シー 中間状態を有する双安定ソレノイド
US20220068533A1 (en) * 2020-08-28 2022-03-03 Husco Automotive Holdings Llc Systems and Methods for a Self-Shorting Bi-Stable Solenoid

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0794540A1 (fr) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-10 Harting KGaA Petit aimant bistable
US20020158727A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-31 Namen Frederik T. Van Bistable electro-magnetic mechanical actuator
DE102007016787A1 (de) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-09 Schultz, Wolfgang E., Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ankerlage in einem Elektromagneten

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0794540A1 (fr) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-10 Harting KGaA Petit aimant bistable
US20020158727A1 (en) * 2001-04-25 2002-10-31 Namen Frederik T. Van Bistable electro-magnetic mechanical actuator
DE102007016787A1 (de) * 2007-04-05 2008-10-09 Schultz, Wolfgang E., Dipl.-Ing. Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Ankerlage in einem Elektromagneten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015121739A1 (de) 2017-06-14
EP3185256B1 (fr) 2020-04-08
ES2793247T3 (es) 2020-11-13

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