EP1587898A1 - Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant - Google Patents

Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant

Info

Publication number
EP1587898A1
EP1587898A1 EP04704663A EP04704663A EP1587898A1 EP 1587898 A1 EP1587898 A1 EP 1587898A1 EP 04704663 A EP04704663 A EP 04704663A EP 04704663 A EP04704663 A EP 04704663A EP 1587898 A1 EP1587898 A1 EP 1587898A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cerium oxide
fuel
fuel additive
succinimide
doped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP04704663A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Begbroke Business & Sce Park SCATTERGOOD
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energenics Europe Ltd
Original Assignee
Oxonica Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oxonica Ltd filed Critical Oxonica Ltd
Publication of EP1587898A1 publication Critical patent/EP1587898A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cerium oxide nanoparticles which are useful as fuel additives.
  • Cerium oxide is widely used as a catalyst in three way converters for the elimination of toxic exhaust emission gases and the reduction in particulate emissions in automobiles.
  • the ceria contained within the catalyst can act as a chemically active component, working as an oxygen store by release of oxygen in the presence of reductive gases, and removal of oxygen by interaction with oxidising species.
  • Cerium oxide may store and release oxygen by the following processes:-
  • Cerium oxide may provide oxygen for the oxidation of CO or C n H n or may absorb oxygen for the reduction of NO x .
  • the amounts of oxygen reversibly provided in and removed from the gas phase are called the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of ceria.
  • cerium oxide is added as an additive to fuel, for example diesel or petrol.
  • the cerium oxide must be of a particle size small enough to remain in a stable dispersion in the fuel.
  • the cerium oxide particles must be of a nanocrystalline nature, for example they should be less than 1 micron in size, and preferentially 1- 300nm in size.
  • catalytic effects are surface area dependant the small particle size renders the nanocrystalline material more effective as a catalyst.
  • the incorporation of cerium oxide in fuel serves more than one purpose. The primary purpose is to act as a catalyst in the reduction of toxic exhaust gases on combustion of the fuel. However, it can serve another purpose in diesel engines.
  • Diesel engines increasingly comprise a trap for particulates resulting from combustion of the diesel fuel.
  • the presence of the cerium oxide in the traps helps to burn off the particulates which accumulate in the trap. Indeed such a use is in commercial operation.
  • certain vehicles principally those devised by Peugeot, incorporate an on-board dosing system whereby cerium oxide is incorporated into the fuel before the latter enters the engine. This is, though, a complicated system and requires extensive electronic control to feed the appropriate amount of additive to the fuel. Effectively, the on-board system enables the particulate filter to be regenerated so that it lasts much longer.
  • the present invention provides a method of improving the efficiency of a fuel for an internal combustion engine which comprises adding to the fuel prior to the introduction of the fuel to a vehicle or other apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide and, optionally, one or more fuel additives.
  • a method of improving the efficiency of a fuel for an internal combustion engine which comprises adding to the fuel prior to the introduction of the fuel to a vehicle or other apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide and, optionally, one or more fuel additives.
  • the particles can be incorporated into the fuel at various different points.
  • the cerium oxide can be incorporated at the refinery, typically along with processing additives. This is, of course, the earliest point at which the cerium oxide can be added and it means that the fuel available at the refinery already contains the additive so that there is no need for it to be introduced at a later stage. However, if desired, it can be added at the fuel company's depot which means that the amount incorporated can be customised to the individual company's requirements.
  • the cerium oxide can be added at Hie public or private filling station forecourt either to the storage tank or dispensed to the fuel on delivery to the vehicle; this has the advantage that there will be maximum stabilisation of the particle dispersion.
  • the principal purpose of adding the cerium oxide to the fuel is to increase fuel economy, the presence of the particles in the fuel will, at the same time, help to regenerate a diesel particulate filter if present.
  • the effect of the cerium oxide is generally to enable regeneration to take place at a lower temperature. This has the advantage that the filter which is usually of a ceramic material is generally less likely to crack.
  • cerium oxide particles which has been doped with components that result in additional oxygen vacancies being formed.
  • the dopant will be di- or tri-valent in order to provide oxygen vacancies.
  • Such dopant ions must be di- or tri-valent ions of an element which is a rare earth metal, a transition metal or a metal of Group HA, IIIB, VB, or VIB of the Periodic Table in order to provide oxygen vacancies. They must also be of a size that allows incorporation of the ion within the surface region of the cerium oxide nanoparticles. Accordingly metals with a large ionic radius should not be used.
  • transition metals in the first and second row of transition metals are generally preferred over those listed in the third.
  • the ceria serves as the oxygen activation and exchange medium during a redox reaction.
  • ceria and the like are ceramic materials, they have low electronic conductivity and low activity surface sites for the chemisorption of the reacting species. Transition metal additives are particularly useful to improve this situation.
  • multivalent dopants will also have a catalytic effect of their own.
  • the doped oxides will have the formula where M is a said metal or metalloid, in particular Rh, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Fe, Ga, Mg, Mn, Cr, Be, B, Co, V, Zr, Ti and Ca as well as Pr, Sm and Gd and x has a value up to 0.3, typically 0.01 or 0.1 to 0.2, or of the formula [(CeO 2 ) 1 .
  • n (REO y ) M where M' is a said metal or metalloid other than a rare earth, RE is a rare earth, y is 1 or 1.5 and each of n and k, which may be the same or different, has a value op to 0.5, preferably up to 0.3, typically 0.01 or 0.1 to 0.2. Further details can be found in our PCT Application GB2002/005013 to which reference should be made.
  • the cerium oxide particles will have a size not exceeding 1 micron and especially not exceeding 300 nm, for example 1 to 300 nm, such as from 1 to 150 nm, in particular 1 to 50 nm, especially 1 to 20 nm .
  • the particles are coated to prevent agglomeration.
  • the particles can be comminuted in an organic solvent in the presence of a coating agent which is an organic acid, anhydride or ester or a Lewis base. It has been found that, in this way which involves coating in situ, it is possible to significantly improve the coating of the oxide. Further, the resulting product can, in many instances, be used directly without any intermediate step. Thus in some coating procedures it is necessary to dry the coated particles before dispersing them in a hydrocarbon solvent.
  • cerium oxide can be dispersible or soluble in the (liquid) fuel or another hydrocarbon compatible with the fuel.
  • the particles which are subjected to the process should have as large a surface area as possible and preferably the particles have a surface area, before coating, of at least 10 m 2 /g and preferably a surface area, of at least 50 or 75 m 2 /g, for example 80-150 m 2 /g, or 100-300m 2 /g.
  • the coating agent is suitably an organic acid, anhydride or ester or a Lewis base.
  • the coating agent is preferably an organic carboxylic acid or an anhydride, typically one possessing at least 8 carbon atoms, for example 10 to 25 carbon atoms, especially 12 to 18 carbon atoms such as stearic acid. It will be appreciated that the carbon chain can be saturated or unsaturated, for example ethylenically unsaturated as in oleic acid. Similar comments apply to the anhydrides which can be used.
  • dicarboxylic acid anhydrides especially alkenyl succinic anhydrides, particularly dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, octadecenylsuccinic anhydride and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
  • alkenyl succinic anhydrides particularly dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, octadecenylsuccinic anhydride and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
  • Other organic acids, anhydrides and esters which can be used in the process of the present invention include those derived from phosphoric acid and sulphonic acid.
  • the esters are typically aliphatic esters, for example alkyl esters where both the acid and ester parts have 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the coating process can be carried out in an organic solvent.
  • the solvent is non-polar and is also preferably non-hydrophilic. It can be an aliphatic or an aromatic solvent. Typical examples include toluene, xylene, petrol, diesel fuel as well as heavier fuel oils.
  • the organic solvent used should be selected so that it is compatible with the intended end use of the coated particles. The presence of water should be avoided; the use of an anhydride as coating agent helps to eliminate any water present.
  • the coating process involves cornminuting the particles so as to prevent any agglomerates from forming.
  • Techniques which can be used for this purpose include high-speed stirring or tumbling and the use of a colloid mill, ultrasonics or ball milling. Ball milling is preferred. Further details of such coatings can be found in PCT/GB02/02312.
  • the concentration of cerium oxide in the fuel can generally be less than that used in an on-board dosing system.
  • concentration of cerium oxide in the fuel generally does not exceed 20 ppm and typically not exceed 10 ppm.
  • the minimum concentration is of the order of 1-2 ppm.
  • the particles can be incorporated into the fuel directly or as part of an additive package which is added to the fuel.
  • the particles are preferably incorporated into diesel fuel.
  • the present invention is particularly useful for large vehicles such as trucks and buses where an on-board dosing system would generally not be incorporated.
  • the fuel can also be used for static engines such as generators.
  • the cerium oxide particles can be stabilised in the fuel or fuel additive package by the presence of a detergent.
  • lubricity agents can have an adverse effect since these can cause a precipitate to form.
  • Particular detergents which can be used in the present invention include a basic nitrogen-containing detergent. Such detergents should be ashless i.e. they contain no metals. Suitable detergents include amides, amines, Mannich bases and succinimides which are preferred.
  • the detergent is a succinimide, which has an average of at least 3 nitrogen atoms per molecule.
  • the succinimide is preferably aliphatic and may be saturated or unsaturated, especially ethylencally unsaturated, e.g.
  • the detergent is formed from an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acylating agent, generally having at least 35 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group, and an alkylene polyamine mixture having an average of at least 3 nitrogen atoms per molecule.
  • it can be formed from a polyisobutenyl succinic acylating agent derived from polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 and an ethylene polyamine which can include cyclic and acyclic parts, having an average composition from triethylene tetramine to pentaethylene hexamine.
  • the chain will typically have a molecular weight from 500 to 2500, especially 750 to 1500 with those having molecular weights around 900 and 1300 being particularly useful although a succinimide with an aliphatic chain with a molecular weight of about 2100 is also useful. Further details can be found in US-A-5,932,525 and 6048373 and EP-A-432,941, 460309 and 1,237,373. Accordingly, the present invention also provides -a fuel additive composition which comprises cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide together with a detergent, preferably an aliphatic succinimide.
  • the concentration of cerium oxide in the additive will be from 0.1 to 10%, generally 0.5 to 5%, by weight. If cerium oxide is to be added at the refinery it may, in fact, be added without anything else.
  • the additives which are incorporated at the refinery include cetane number improvers, cold flow improvers and antioxidants. Accordingly the composition of the present invention can incorporate one or more of these. However since, in general, cerium oxide does not improve the cetane value it is unlikely that it would be added with these. If the cerium oxide is added at the depot then it can be added alone or with the detergent as well as the other ingredients which are typically added to the fuel at this stage as indicated below.
  • cerium oxide is added at the filling station forecourt then similar considerations apply to the depot addition.
  • Typical additives which can be used in the fuel compositions, especially diesel fuel include those conventionally used, such as:-
  • Non polar organic solvents such as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and white spirit, and mixtures thereof and those sold under the Trade Mark “SHELLSOL” by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and "EXXSOL” by ExxonMobil Group.
  • Polar organic solvents in particular, alcohols generally aliphatic alcohols e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, decanol and isotridecanol,
  • Detergents such as hydrocarbyl-substituted amines and amides, e.g. hydro carbyl-substituted succinimides, e.g. a polyisobutenyl succinimide,
  • Dehazers e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers such as those commercially available as “NALCO” (Trade Mark) 7D07 (ex Nalco) , and “TOLAD” (Trade Mark) 2683 (ex Petrolite),
  • Anti-foaming agents e.g. polyether-modified polysiloxanes, commercially available as "TEGOPREN” (Trade Mark) 5851 (ex Th. Goldschmidt) Q 25907 (ex Dow Corning) or "RHODORSIL” (Trade Mark) (ex Rhone Poulenc))
  • Ignition improvers such as aliphatic nitrates e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and cyclohexyl nitrate,
  • Anti-rust agents e.g. those sold commercially sold by Rhein Chemie,Mannheim, Germany as “RC 4801 ", or by Ethyl corporation as HiTEC (trade mark) 536, - or polyhydric alcohol esters of succinic acid derivatives
  • Anti-oxidants e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, Metal deactivators such as salicylic acid derivatives, e.g. N, N 1 - disalicylidene- 1 ,2-propane diamine and,
  • Lubricity agents such as polar compounds, especially fatty acids, esters and amides.
  • acids possess a C 2 - C 50 chain and/or are aromatic and include poly basic acids such as dicarboxylic acids, for example a dimer of an unsaturated acid such as oleic or linoleic acid, as well as hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acids, especially with an ortho OH group, for example salicylic acid, especially those which are substituted by a group possessing at least 10 carbon atoms.
  • esters are derived from such acids and an alcohol which is typically a Cj and C 5 aliphatic alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol such as a glycol, glycerol or pentaerythritol or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol, e.g. with 5 oxyalkylene groups.
  • the esters of a poly basic acid can be partial.
  • Specific esters include glycerol mono-and di-esters such as glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate and pentaerythritol monooleate as well as salicylic esters.
  • Other lubricity agents which may be used include esters derived from a carboxyphenol and a polyol and aminoalkylmorpholines.
  • Some such agents are commercially available as EC831 , P631 , P633 or P639 (ex Infinium) or "HITEC” (Trade Mark) 580 (ex Ethyl Corporation), TOLAD 2670 and 9103 from Baker Petrolit and those described in WO 98/01516 and 98/16596.
  • Demulsifiers e.g. that commercially available as TOLAD 2898 from Baker Petrolite.
  • Preferred additives include one or more of an anti-foam, demulsifier and an anti-rust agent.
  • the (active matter) concentration of each additive in the fuel is generally up to 1000 ppmw (parts per million by weight of the diesel fuel), in particular up to 800 ppmw, e.g. 1 to 1000, 1 to 800 or 1-20, ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of the dehazer in the diesel fuel is preferably in the range from 1 to 20ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentrations of other additives are each preferably up to 20ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of the detergent is typically up to 800ppmw e.g. 10 to 500 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of the ignition improver in the diesel fuel is preferably up to 600ppmw e.g. 100 to 250 ppmw. If a lubricity agent is incorporated into the diesel fuel, it is conveniently used in an amount of 50 to 500 ppmw.
  • DFA diesel fuel additive
  • dehazer 0-10% non-polar solvent 0-50% polar solvent 0-40%
  • the diesel oil itself may be an additised (additive-containing) oil. If the diesel oil is an additised oil, it will contain minor amounts of one or more additives, e.g. anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers, e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers, and wax anti-settling agents, e.g. those commercially available under the Trade Marks "PARAFLOW” (e.g. "PARAFLOW” 450; ex Paramins), "OCTEL” (e.g. "OCTEL” W 5000; ex Octel) and "DODIFLOW” (e.g. "DODIFLOW” V 3958; ex Hoechst).
  • additives e.g. anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers, e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers
  • additives can be used for other fuels such as petrol, as one skilled in the art will appreciate.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour améliorer l'efficacité d'un carburant, ledit procédé comprenant l'addition d'oxyde de cérium et/ou d'oxyde de cérium dopé et éventuellement d'un ou plusieurs additifs au carburant, avant l'introduction du carburant dans un véhicule ou tout autre appareil comprenant un moteur à combustion interne.
EP04704663A 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant Ceased EP1587898A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0301599.7A GB0301599D0 (en) 2003-01-23 2003-01-23 Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
GB0301599 2003-01-23
PCT/GB2004/000294 WO2004065529A1 (fr) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1587898A1 true EP1587898A1 (fr) 2005-10-26

Family

ID=9951695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04704663A Ceased EP1587898A1 (fr) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20060254130A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1587898A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006516996A (fr)
KR (1) KR101169804B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1764711B (fr)
AU (1) AU2004205788B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0406921A (fr)
CA (1) CA2514146A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0301599D0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA05007820A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ541393A (fr)
RU (1) RU2352618C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004065529A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200505933B (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1512736B1 (fr) 2003-09-05 2018-05-02 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel
WO2020152065A1 (fr) 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Jun Kyung Hoon Additif de combustion colloïdal métallique aqueux

Families Citing this family (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050188605A1 (en) * 2000-08-01 2005-09-01 Valentine James M. Reduced-emissions combustion utilizing multiple-component metallic combustion catalyst
FR2853261B1 (fr) * 2003-04-04 2006-06-30 Rhodia Elect & Catalysis Dispersion colloidale d'un compose d'une terre rare comprenant un agent anti-oxydant et son utilisation comme adjuvant de gazole pour moteurs a combustion interne
GB0317852D0 (en) * 2003-07-30 2003-09-03 Oxonica Ltd Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel supplements
GB0606986D0 (en) * 2006-04-06 2006-05-17 Oxonica Energy Ltd Biofuels
CN101443119B (zh) * 2006-04-12 2013-03-13 微小分子股份有限公司 耐硫排放物催化剂
US7967876B2 (en) 2006-08-17 2011-06-28 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanoalloy fuel additives
WO2008030805A1 (fr) * 2006-09-05 2008-03-13 Cerion Technology, Inc. Additif pour carburant contenant des nanoparticules de dioxyde de cérium
US10435639B2 (en) 2006-09-05 2019-10-08 Cerion, Llc Fuel additive containing lattice engineered cerium dioxide nanoparticles
US8883865B2 (en) 2006-09-05 2014-11-11 Cerion Technology, Inc. Cerium-containing nanoparticles
US20080098644A1 (en) 2006-09-19 2008-05-01 Afton Chemical Corporation Conductivity improving combination of cerium oxide and detergents for diesel fuels
US20080066375A1 (en) * 2006-09-19 2008-03-20 Roos Joseph W Diesel fuel additives containing cerium or manganese and detergents
US8741821B2 (en) * 2007-01-03 2014-06-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanoparticle additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanoparticle additives
US7775166B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2010-08-17 Afton Chemical Corporation Method of using nanoalloy additives to reduce plume opacity, slagging, fouling, corrosion and emissions
GB0705920D0 (en) * 2007-03-28 2007-05-09 Infineum Int Ltd Method of supplying iron to the particulate trap of a diesel engine exhaust
KR100768536B1 (ko) * 2007-05-30 2007-10-18 백 웨인 화석연료 연소장치의 고농도 나노 입자 크기의 마그네슘연료 첨가제
KR100872703B1 (ko) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-05 최태원 나노기술을 활용한 휘발유 절감을 위한 조성물
US20090000186A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 James Kenneth Sanders Nano-sized metal and metal oxide particles for more complete fuel combustion
AU2009204647A1 (en) * 2008-01-16 2009-07-23 Very Small Particle Company Limited Fuel additive
US8163044B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2012-04-24 Mills John C Fuel additive and method for use for combustion enhancement and emission reduction
US8679344B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2014-03-25 Cerion Technology, Inc. Process for solvent shifting a nanoparticle dispersion
GB0900994D0 (en) 2009-01-21 2009-03-04 Oxonica Materials Ltd Solid fuel combustion process
US8182554B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2012-05-22 James Kenneth Sanders Fuels for cold start conditions
US8545577B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2013-10-01 James K. And Mary A. Sanders Family Llc Catalyst component for aviation and jet fuels
US8182555B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2012-05-22 James Kenneth Sanders Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel
US8377290B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2013-02-19 James K. and Mary A. Sanders Family L.L.C. Low sulfur fuels
PL399654A1 (pl) * 2012-06-25 2014-01-07 Green Power Spólka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Spólka W Organizacji Sposób wytwarzania uszlachetnionego biokomponentu do biopaliw oraz uszlachetniony biokomponent do biopaliw
CN103074124A (zh) * 2013-01-05 2013-05-01 大连理工大学 一种纳米复合氧化物重油添加剂的制备方法
WO2015058037A1 (fr) 2013-10-17 2015-04-23 Cerion, Llc Nanoparticules de cérium stabilisées à l'acide malique
CN105435770A (zh) * 2014-09-29 2016-03-30 杨晓波 用于压燃式内燃机的前置助燃催化剂
US10451211B2 (en) * 2015-10-19 2019-10-22 United Technologies Corporation Radical-neutralizing coating for a lubricant system
US9920724B2 (en) * 2015-10-19 2018-03-20 United Technologies Corporation Chemical scavenging component for a fuel system
CN105505490B (zh) * 2015-12-08 2017-03-15 谢传林 氧化还原增压剂
CN107189829A (zh) * 2017-04-25 2017-09-22 南宁市钱隆汽车租赁有限公司 汽油添加剂
EP3553155A1 (fr) * 2018-03-12 2019-10-16 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION Ltd. Nanomatériaux à base de pérovskite comme agent d'amélioration de combustion de carburants liquides et gazeux
CN108822900A (zh) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-16 广西隆昌德民生态农业发展有限公司 一种能够燃烧充分和减轻尾气污染排放的复合醇燃料
KR102602410B1 (ko) * 2018-07-10 2023-11-15 한국과학기술연구원 연료전지의 전해질막용 산화방지제 및 이의 제조방법
CN110373236B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2021-09-17 徐武警 一种稀土改性汽油添加剂及其制备方法
CN110373235B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2021-06-18 交城县万里通加油站 一种环保汽油添加剂及其制备方法
KR102219424B1 (ko) 2019-08-27 2021-02-23 포항공과대학교 산학협력단 희토류금속 및 전이금속 공도핑에 의한 co 산화를 위한 고성능 세리아 촉매 및 그의 제조방법
US11603503B2 (en) 2021-05-20 2023-03-14 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Additive composition as a combustion improver for liquid and gaseous fuels
CN113800552A (zh) * 2021-08-12 2021-12-17 淮阴师范学院 一种新型二氧化铈、制备方法及应用

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000049098A1 (fr) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-24 Rhodia Chimie Sol organique et compose solide a base d'oxyde de cerium et d'un compose amphiphile et procede de preparation

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4522631A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-06-11 Texaco Inc. Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds
EP0311836A3 (fr) * 1987-09-28 1989-06-14 Franz Puschauer Additif comme substituant de catalyseur dont l'utilisation diminue la pollution de l'environnement et la consommation d'essence et d'huile combustible
GB9207383D0 (en) * 1992-04-03 1992-05-13 Ass Octel Multi-functional gasoline detergent compositions
CN1079498A (zh) * 1992-05-30 1993-12-15 初新东 机动车尾气净化剂的制备方法与产品
FR2741281B1 (fr) * 1995-11-22 1998-02-13 Rhone Poulenc Chimie Sol organique comportant au moins un compose oxygene de terre(s) rare(s), procede de synthese du dit sol et utilisation du dit sol pour la catalyse
GB9610563D0 (en) * 1996-05-20 1996-07-31 Bp Chemicals Additives Marine diesel process and fuel therefor
FR2797199B1 (fr) * 1999-08-04 2001-10-05 Rhodia Terres Rares Dispersion colloidale organique de particules essentiellement monocristallines d'au moins un compose a base d'au moins une terre rare, son procede de preparation et son utilisation
AU2001267700B2 (en) * 2000-06-29 2006-07-27 Neuftec Limited A fuel additive
CN1341700A (zh) * 2000-09-05 2002-03-27 包头市龙腾稀土科贸有限责任公司 稀土燃油添加剂及其生产工艺
GB0126663D0 (en) * 2001-11-06 2002-01-02 Oxonica Ltd Cerium oxide nanoparticles
EP1344812A1 (fr) * 2002-03-13 2003-09-17 Infineum International Limited Compositions additives de sel métallique surbasique pour combustible diesel pour l'amélioration de pièges à particules

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2000049098A1 (fr) * 1999-02-17 2000-08-24 Rhodia Chimie Sol organique et compose solide a base d'oxyde de cerium et d'un compose amphiphile et procede de preparation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1512736B1 (fr) 2003-09-05 2018-05-02 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel
WO2020152065A1 (fr) 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 Jun Kyung Hoon Additif de combustion colloïdal métallique aqueux
DE112020000522T5 (de) 2019-01-25 2021-10-07 Kyung Hoon Jun Wässriger Metallkolloidverbrennungszusatz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0301599D0 (en) 2003-02-26
BRPI0406921A (pt) 2006-01-03
WO2004065529A1 (fr) 2004-08-05
JP2006516996A (ja) 2006-07-13
ZA200505933B (en) 2006-04-26
RU2005123391A (ru) 2006-01-27
NZ541393A (en) 2008-12-24
CA2514146A1 (fr) 2004-08-05
US20060254130A1 (en) 2006-11-16
MXPA05007820A (es) 2005-10-18
CN1764711B (zh) 2010-11-24
AU2004205788A1 (en) 2004-08-05
AU2004205788B2 (en) 2010-09-02
KR20060006890A (ko) 2006-01-20
CN1764711A (zh) 2006-04-26
RU2352618C2 (ru) 2009-04-20
KR101169804B1 (ko) 2012-07-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2004205788B2 (en) Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
JP2006516996A5 (fr)
AU2002341189B2 (en) Cerium oxide nanoparticles
CA2480617C (fr) Compositions d'additif stabilise pour carburant diesel
KR100636699B1 (ko) 연료 첨가제
JP5416083B2 (ja) ディーゼルエンジン排ガスの粒子トラップに鉄を供給する方法
AU2002341189A1 (en) Cerium oxide nanoparticles
US9695375B2 (en) Use of dispersions of iron particles as fuel additive
EP1344813B1 (fr) Compositions d'additifs pour combustible pour moteur diesel équipé d'un piège à particules
CN103370399A (zh) 结晶形态铁基颗粒的有机分散剂
KR101922930B1 (ko) 철 입자 분산제와 암모늄 폴리에스테르 세제를 함유하는 연료첨가제
EP1512736B1 (fr) Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel
WO2005012465A1 (fr) Nanoparticules d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant que supplements pour carburant
JPH06509124A (ja) 燃料油用添加剤
US20080098644A1 (en) Conductivity improving combination of cerium oxide and detergents for diesel fuels

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20050808

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: DE

Ref document number: 1075463

Country of ref document: HK

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20070507

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: ENERGENICS EUROPE LIMITED

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R003

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED

18R Application refused

Effective date: 20140624

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: HK

Ref legal event code: WD

Ref document number: 1075463

Country of ref document: HK