WO2004065529A1 - Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant - Google Patents

Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004065529A1
WO2004065529A1 PCT/GB2004/000294 GB2004000294W WO2004065529A1 WO 2004065529 A1 WO2004065529 A1 WO 2004065529A1 GB 2004000294 W GB2004000294 W GB 2004000294W WO 2004065529 A1 WO2004065529 A1 WO 2004065529A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cerium oxide
fuel
fuel additive
succinimide
doped
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2004/000294
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Roger Scattergood
Original Assignee
Oxonica Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oxonica Limited filed Critical Oxonica Limited
Priority to MXPA05007820A priority Critical patent/MXPA05007820A/es
Priority to NZ541393A priority patent/NZ541393A/en
Priority to CA002514146A priority patent/CA2514146A1/fr
Priority to AU2004205788A priority patent/AU2004205788B2/en
Priority to EP04704663A priority patent/EP1587898A1/fr
Priority to CN2004800078439A priority patent/CN1764711B/zh
Priority to US10/542,770 priority patent/US20060254130A1/en
Priority to BR0406921-8A priority patent/BRPI0406921A/pt
Priority to KR1020057013595A priority patent/KR101169804B1/ko
Priority to JP2006500244A priority patent/JP2006516996A/ja
Publication of WO2004065529A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004065529A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cerium oxide nanoparticles which are useful as fuel additives.
  • Cerium oxide is widely used as a catalyst in three way converters for the elimination of toxic exhaust emission gases and the reduction in particulate emissions in automobiles.
  • the ceria contained within the catalyst can act as a chemically active component, working as an oxygen store by release of oxygen in the presence of reductive gases, and removal of oxygen by interaction with oxidising species.
  • Cerium oxide may store and release oxygen by the following processes:-
  • Cerium oxide may provide oxygen for the oxidation of CO or C n H n or may absorb oxygen for the reduction of NO x .
  • the amounts of oxygen reversibly provided in and removed from the gas phase are called the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of ceria.
  • cerium oxide is added as an additive to fuel, for example diesel or petrol.
  • the cerium oxide must be of a particle size small enough to remain in a stable dispersion in the fuel.
  • the cerium oxide particles must be of a nanocrystalline nature, for example they should be less than 1 micron in size, and preferentially 1- 300nm in size.
  • catalytic effects are surface area dependant the small particle size renders the nanocrystalline material more effective as a catalyst.
  • the incorporation of cerium oxide in fuel serves more than one purpose. The primary purpose is to act as a catalyst in the reduction of toxic exhaust gases on combustion of the fuel. However, it can serve another purpose in diesel engines.
  • Diesel engines increasingly comprise a trap for particulates resulting from combustion of the diesel fuel.
  • the presence of the cerium oxide in the traps helps to burn off the particulates which accumulate in the trap. Indeed such a use is in commercial operation.
  • certain vehicles principally those devised by Peugeot, incorporate an on-board dosing system whereby cerium oxide is incorporated into the fuel before the latter enters the engine. This is, though, a complicated system and requires extensive electronic control to feed the appropriate amount of additive to the fuel. Effectively, the on-board system enables the particulate filter to be regenerated so that it lasts much longer.
  • the present invention provides a method of improving the efficiency of a fuel for an internal combustion engine which comprises adding to the fuel prior to the introduction of the fuel to a vehicle or other apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide and, optionally, one or more fuel additives.
  • a method of improving the efficiency of a fuel for an internal combustion engine which comprises adding to the fuel prior to the introduction of the fuel to a vehicle or other apparatus comprising an internal combustion engine cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide and, optionally, one or more fuel additives.
  • the particles can be incorporated into the fuel at various different points.
  • the cerium oxide can be incorporated at the refinery, typically along with processing additives. This is, of course, the earliest point at which the cerium oxide can be added and it means that the fuel available at the refinery already contains the additive so that there is no need for it to be introduced at a later stage. However, if desired, it can be added at the fuel company's depot which means that the amount incorporated can be customised to the individual company's requirements.
  • the cerium oxide can be added at Hie public or private filling station forecourt either to the storage tank or dispensed to the fuel on delivery to the vehicle; this has the advantage that there will be maximum stabilisation of the particle dispersion.
  • the principal purpose of adding the cerium oxide to the fuel is to increase fuel economy, the presence of the particles in the fuel will, at the same time, help to regenerate a diesel particulate filter if present.
  • the effect of the cerium oxide is generally to enable regeneration to take place at a lower temperature. This has the advantage that the filter which is usually of a ceramic material is generally less likely to crack.
  • cerium oxide particles which has been doped with components that result in additional oxygen vacancies being formed.
  • the dopant will be di- or tri-valent in order to provide oxygen vacancies.
  • Such dopant ions must be di- or tri-valent ions of an element which is a rare earth metal, a transition metal or a metal of Group HA, IIIB, VB, or VIB of the Periodic Table in order to provide oxygen vacancies. They must also be of a size that allows incorporation of the ion within the surface region of the cerium oxide nanoparticles. Accordingly metals with a large ionic radius should not be used.
  • transition metals in the first and second row of transition metals are generally preferred over those listed in the third.
  • the ceria serves as the oxygen activation and exchange medium during a redox reaction.
  • ceria and the like are ceramic materials, they have low electronic conductivity and low activity surface sites for the chemisorption of the reacting species. Transition metal additives are particularly useful to improve this situation.
  • multivalent dopants will also have a catalytic effect of their own.
  • the doped oxides will have the formula where M is a said metal or metalloid, in particular Rh, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Pt, Sb, Se, Fe, Ga, Mg, Mn, Cr, Be, B, Co, V, Zr, Ti and Ca as well as Pr, Sm and Gd and x has a value up to 0.3, typically 0.01 or 0.1 to 0.2, or of the formula [(CeO 2 ) 1 .
  • n (REO y ) M where M' is a said metal or metalloid other than a rare earth, RE is a rare earth, y is 1 or 1.5 and each of n and k, which may be the same or different, has a value op to 0.5, preferably up to 0.3, typically 0.01 or 0.1 to 0.2. Further details can be found in our PCT Application GB2002/005013 to which reference should be made.
  • the cerium oxide particles will have a size not exceeding 1 micron and especially not exceeding 300 nm, for example 1 to 300 nm, such as from 1 to 150 nm, in particular 1 to 50 nm, especially 1 to 20 nm .
  • the particles are coated to prevent agglomeration.
  • the particles can be comminuted in an organic solvent in the presence of a coating agent which is an organic acid, anhydride or ester or a Lewis base. It has been found that, in this way which involves coating in situ, it is possible to significantly improve the coating of the oxide. Further, the resulting product can, in many instances, be used directly without any intermediate step. Thus in some coating procedures it is necessary to dry the coated particles before dispersing them in a hydrocarbon solvent.
  • cerium oxide can be dispersible or soluble in the (liquid) fuel or another hydrocarbon compatible with the fuel.
  • the particles which are subjected to the process should have as large a surface area as possible and preferably the particles have a surface area, before coating, of at least 10 m 2 /g and preferably a surface area, of at least 50 or 75 m 2 /g, for example 80-150 m 2 /g, or 100-300m 2 /g.
  • the coating agent is suitably an organic acid, anhydride or ester or a Lewis base.
  • the coating agent is preferably an organic carboxylic acid or an anhydride, typically one possessing at least 8 carbon atoms, for example 10 to 25 carbon atoms, especially 12 to 18 carbon atoms such as stearic acid. It will be appreciated that the carbon chain can be saturated or unsaturated, for example ethylenically unsaturated as in oleic acid. Similar comments apply to the anhydrides which can be used.
  • dicarboxylic acid anhydrides especially alkenyl succinic anhydrides, particularly dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, octadecenylsuccinic anhydride and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
  • alkenyl succinic anhydrides particularly dodecenylsuccinic anhydride, octadecenylsuccinic anhydride and polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride.
  • Other organic acids, anhydrides and esters which can be used in the process of the present invention include those derived from phosphoric acid and sulphonic acid.
  • the esters are typically aliphatic esters, for example alkyl esters where both the acid and ester parts have 4 to 18 carbon atoms.
  • the coating process can be carried out in an organic solvent.
  • the solvent is non-polar and is also preferably non-hydrophilic. It can be an aliphatic or an aromatic solvent. Typical examples include toluene, xylene, petrol, diesel fuel as well as heavier fuel oils.
  • the organic solvent used should be selected so that it is compatible with the intended end use of the coated particles. The presence of water should be avoided; the use of an anhydride as coating agent helps to eliminate any water present.
  • the coating process involves cornminuting the particles so as to prevent any agglomerates from forming.
  • Techniques which can be used for this purpose include high-speed stirring or tumbling and the use of a colloid mill, ultrasonics or ball milling. Ball milling is preferred. Further details of such coatings can be found in PCT/GB02/02312.
  • the concentration of cerium oxide in the fuel can generally be less than that used in an on-board dosing system.
  • concentration of cerium oxide in the fuel generally does not exceed 20 ppm and typically not exceed 10 ppm.
  • the minimum concentration is of the order of 1-2 ppm.
  • the particles can be incorporated into the fuel directly or as part of an additive package which is added to the fuel.
  • the particles are preferably incorporated into diesel fuel.
  • the present invention is particularly useful for large vehicles such as trucks and buses where an on-board dosing system would generally not be incorporated.
  • the fuel can also be used for static engines such as generators.
  • the cerium oxide particles can be stabilised in the fuel or fuel additive package by the presence of a detergent.
  • lubricity agents can have an adverse effect since these can cause a precipitate to form.
  • Particular detergents which can be used in the present invention include a basic nitrogen-containing detergent. Such detergents should be ashless i.e. they contain no metals. Suitable detergents include amides, amines, Mannich bases and succinimides which are preferred.
  • the detergent is a succinimide, which has an average of at least 3 nitrogen atoms per molecule.
  • the succinimide is preferably aliphatic and may be saturated or unsaturated, especially ethylencally unsaturated, e.g.
  • the detergent is formed from an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acylating agent, generally having at least 35 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl group, and an alkylene polyamine mixture having an average of at least 3 nitrogen atoms per molecule.
  • it can be formed from a polyisobutenyl succinic acylating agent derived from polyisobutene having a number average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000 and an ethylene polyamine which can include cyclic and acyclic parts, having an average composition from triethylene tetramine to pentaethylene hexamine.
  • the chain will typically have a molecular weight from 500 to 2500, especially 750 to 1500 with those having molecular weights around 900 and 1300 being particularly useful although a succinimide with an aliphatic chain with a molecular weight of about 2100 is also useful. Further details can be found in US-A-5,932,525 and 6048373 and EP-A-432,941, 460309 and 1,237,373. Accordingly, the present invention also provides -a fuel additive composition which comprises cerium oxide and/or doped cerium oxide together with a detergent, preferably an aliphatic succinimide.
  • the concentration of cerium oxide in the additive will be from 0.1 to 10%, generally 0.5 to 5%, by weight. If cerium oxide is to be added at the refinery it may, in fact, be added without anything else.
  • the additives which are incorporated at the refinery include cetane number improvers, cold flow improvers and antioxidants. Accordingly the composition of the present invention can incorporate one or more of these. However since, in general, cerium oxide does not improve the cetane value it is unlikely that it would be added with these. If the cerium oxide is added at the depot then it can be added alone or with the detergent as well as the other ingredients which are typically added to the fuel at this stage as indicated below.
  • cerium oxide is added at the filling station forecourt then similar considerations apply to the depot addition.
  • Typical additives which can be used in the fuel compositions, especially diesel fuel include those conventionally used, such as:-
  • Non polar organic solvents such as aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and white spirit, and mixtures thereof and those sold under the Trade Mark “SHELLSOL” by the Royal Dutch/Shell Group, and "EXXSOL” by ExxonMobil Group.
  • Polar organic solvents in particular, alcohols generally aliphatic alcohols e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, decanol and isotridecanol,
  • Detergents such as hydrocarbyl-substituted amines and amides, e.g. hydro carbyl-substituted succinimides, e.g. a polyisobutenyl succinimide,
  • Dehazers e.g. alkoxylated phenol formaldehyde polymers such as those commercially available as “NALCO” (Trade Mark) 7D07 (ex Nalco) , and “TOLAD” (Trade Mark) 2683 (ex Petrolite),
  • Anti-foaming agents e.g. polyether-modified polysiloxanes, commercially available as "TEGOPREN” (Trade Mark) 5851 (ex Th. Goldschmidt) Q 25907 (ex Dow Corning) or "RHODORSIL” (Trade Mark) (ex Rhone Poulenc))
  • Ignition improvers such as aliphatic nitrates e.g. 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and cyclohexyl nitrate,
  • Anti-rust agents e.g. those sold commercially sold by Rhein Chemie,Mannheim, Germany as “RC 4801 ", or by Ethyl corporation as HiTEC (trade mark) 536, - or polyhydric alcohol esters of succinic acid derivatives
  • Anti-oxidants e.g. phenolics such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, or phenylenediamines such as N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, Metal deactivators such as salicylic acid derivatives, e.g. N, N 1 - disalicylidene- 1 ,2-propane diamine and,
  • Lubricity agents such as polar compounds, especially fatty acids, esters and amides.
  • acids possess a C 2 - C 50 chain and/or are aromatic and include poly basic acids such as dicarboxylic acids, for example a dimer of an unsaturated acid such as oleic or linoleic acid, as well as hydroxy aromatic carboxylic acids, especially with an ortho OH group, for example salicylic acid, especially those which are substituted by a group possessing at least 10 carbon atoms.
  • esters are derived from such acids and an alcohol which is typically a Cj and C 5 aliphatic alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol such as a glycol, glycerol or pentaerythritol or poly(oxyalkylene) alcohol, e.g. with 5 oxyalkylene groups.
  • the esters of a poly basic acid can be partial.
  • Specific esters include glycerol mono-and di-esters such as glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate and pentaerythritol monooleate as well as salicylic esters.
  • Other lubricity agents which may be used include esters derived from a carboxyphenol and a polyol and aminoalkylmorpholines.
  • Some such agents are commercially available as EC831 , P631 , P633 or P639 (ex Infinium) or "HITEC” (Trade Mark) 580 (ex Ethyl Corporation), TOLAD 2670 and 9103 from Baker Petrolit and those described in WO 98/01516 and 98/16596.
  • Demulsifiers e.g. that commercially available as TOLAD 2898 from Baker Petrolite.
  • Preferred additives include one or more of an anti-foam, demulsifier and an anti-rust agent.
  • the (active matter) concentration of each additive in the fuel is generally up to 1000 ppmw (parts per million by weight of the diesel fuel), in particular up to 800 ppmw, e.g. 1 to 1000, 1 to 800 or 1-20, ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of the dehazer in the diesel fuel is preferably in the range from 1 to 20ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentrations of other additives are each preferably up to 20ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of the detergent is typically up to 800ppmw e.g. 10 to 500 ppmw.
  • the (active matter) concentration of the ignition improver in the diesel fuel is preferably up to 600ppmw e.g. 100 to 250 ppmw. If a lubricity agent is incorporated into the diesel fuel, it is conveniently used in an amount of 50 to 500 ppmw.
  • DFA diesel fuel additive
  • dehazer 0-10% non-polar solvent 0-50% polar solvent 0-40%
  • the diesel oil itself may be an additised (additive-containing) oil. If the diesel oil is an additised oil, it will contain minor amounts of one or more additives, e.g. anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers, e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers, and wax anti-settling agents, e.g. those commercially available under the Trade Marks "PARAFLOW” (e.g. "PARAFLOW” 450; ex Paramins), "OCTEL” (e.g. "OCTEL” W 5000; ex Octel) and "DODIFLOW” (e.g. "DODIFLOW” V 3958; ex Hoechst).
  • additives e.g. anti-static agents, pipeline drag reducers, flow improvers, e.g. ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers or acrylate/maleic anhydride copolymers
  • additives can be used for other fuels such as petrol, as one skilled in the art will appreciate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour améliorer l'efficacité d'un carburant, ledit procédé comprenant l'addition d'oxyde de cérium et/ou d'oxyde de cérium dopé et éventuellement d'un ou plusieurs additifs au carburant, avant l'introduction du carburant dans un véhicule ou tout autre appareil comprenant un moteur à combustion interne.
PCT/GB2004/000294 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant WO2004065529A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXPA05007820A MXPA05007820A (es) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticulas de oxido de cerio como aditivos de combustible.
NZ541393A NZ541393A (en) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
CA002514146A CA2514146A1 (fr) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant
AU2004205788A AU2004205788B2 (en) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
EP04704663A EP1587898A1 (fr) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant
CN2004800078439A CN1764711B (zh) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 作为燃料添加剂的二氧化铈纳米颗粒
US10/542,770 US20060254130A1 (en) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
BR0406921-8A BRPI0406921A (pt) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Método para melhorar a eficiência de um combustìvel para um motor de combustão interna, e, aditivo de combustìvel
KR1020057013595A KR101169804B1 (ko) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 연료 첨가제로서의 산화세륨 나노입자
JP2006500244A JP2006516996A (ja) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 燃料添加剤としてのセリウム酸化物ナノ粒子

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0301599.7A GB0301599D0 (en) 2003-01-23 2003-01-23 Cerium oxide nanoparticles as fuel additives
GB0301599.7 2003-01-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004065529A1 true WO2004065529A1 (fr) 2004-08-05

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ID=9951695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/GB2004/000294 WO2004065529A1 (fr) 2003-01-23 2004-01-23 Nanoparticles d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant qu'additifs pour carburant

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20060254130A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1587898A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006516996A (fr)
KR (1) KR101169804B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1764711B (fr)
AU (1) AU2004205788B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0406921A (fr)
CA (1) CA2514146A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0301599D0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA05007820A (fr)
NZ (1) NZ541393A (fr)
RU (1) RU2352618C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004065529A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200505933B (fr)

Cited By (16)

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WO2005012465A1 (fr) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-10 Oxonica Ltd Nanoparticules d'oxyde de cerium utilisees en tant que supplements pour carburant
WO2007128954A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-11-15 Oxonica Energy Ltd Biocarburant
EP1905813A2 (fr) 2006-09-19 2008-04-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Additifs de carburant diesel contenant du cérium et du manganèse et des détergents
EP1916287A1 (fr) 2006-09-19 2008-04-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Combinaison d'oxyde de cérium améliorant la conductivité et détergents pour carburants diesel
US20090000186A1 (en) * 2007-06-28 2009-01-01 James Kenneth Sanders Nano-sized metal and metal oxide particles for more complete fuel combustion
WO2010084318A2 (fr) 2009-01-21 2010-07-29 Oxonica Materials Limited Procédé de combustion de combustible solide
US20100199547A1 (en) * 2006-09-05 2010-08-12 Cerion Technology, Inc. Cerium dioxide nanoparticle-containing fuel additive
US7775166B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2010-08-17 Afton Chemical Corporation Method of using nanoalloy additives to reduce plume opacity, slagging, fouling, corrosion and emissions
US7967876B2 (en) 2006-08-17 2011-06-28 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanoalloy fuel additives
WO2011142834A1 (fr) 2010-05-13 2011-11-17 Cerion Technology, Inc. Procédé de production de nanoparticules contenant du cérium
US8609575B2 (en) 2006-04-12 2013-12-17 Very Small Particle Company Limited Sulfur resistant emissions catalyst
US8679344B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2014-03-25 Cerion Technology, Inc. Process for solvent shifting a nanoparticle dispersion
EP1512736B1 (fr) 2003-09-05 2018-05-02 Infineum International Limited Compositions d'additifs stabilisées pour carburants diesel
US10143661B2 (en) 2013-10-17 2018-12-04 Cerion, Llc Malic acid stabilized nanoceria particles
US10435639B2 (en) 2006-09-05 2019-10-08 Cerion, Llc Fuel additive containing lattice engineered cerium dioxide nanoparticles
EP4092098A1 (fr) 2021-05-20 2022-11-23 Indian Oil Corporation Limited Composition additive servant d'améliorant de combustion pour combustibles liquides et gazeux

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FR2853261B1 (fr) * 2003-04-04 2006-06-30 Rhodia Elect & Catalysis Dispersion colloidale d'un compose d'une terre rare comprenant un agent anti-oxydant et son utilisation comme adjuvant de gazole pour moteurs a combustion interne
US8741821B2 (en) * 2007-01-03 2014-06-03 Afton Chemical Corporation Nanoparticle additives and lubricant formulations containing the nanoparticle additives
GB0705920D0 (en) * 2007-03-28 2007-05-09 Infineum Int Ltd Method of supplying iron to the particulate trap of a diesel engine exhaust
KR100768536B1 (ko) * 2007-05-30 2007-10-18 백 웨인 화석연료 연소장치의 고농도 나노 입자 크기의 마그네슘연료 첨가제
KR100872703B1 (ko) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-05 최태원 나노기술을 활용한 휘발유 절감을 위한 조성물
EP2247699A1 (fr) * 2008-01-16 2010-11-10 Very Small Particle Company Limited Additif pour combustible
WO2009143270A2 (fr) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Mills John C Additif pour carburant et procédé d'utilisation pour une amélioration de combustion et une réduction d'émission
US8182554B2 (en) * 2009-03-31 2012-05-22 James Kenneth Sanders Fuels for cold start conditions
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US8182555B2 (en) 2009-03-31 2012-05-22 James Kenneth Sanders Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel
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CN105505490B (zh) * 2015-12-08 2017-03-15 谢传林 氧化还原增压剂
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CN108822900A (zh) * 2018-06-15 2018-11-16 广西隆昌德民生态农业发展有限公司 一种能够燃烧充分和减轻尾气污染排放的复合醇燃料
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CN110373235B (zh) * 2019-06-13 2021-06-18 交城县万里通加油站 一种环保汽油添加剂及其制备方法
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RU2352618C2 (ru) 2009-04-20
NZ541393A (en) 2008-12-24
CN1764711A (zh) 2006-04-26
KR20060006890A (ko) 2006-01-20
KR101169804B1 (ko) 2012-07-30
AU2004205788B2 (en) 2010-09-02
US20060254130A1 (en) 2006-11-16
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CN1764711B (zh) 2010-11-24
MXPA05007820A (es) 2005-10-18
AU2004205788A1 (en) 2004-08-05
EP1587898A1 (fr) 2005-10-26
JP2006516996A (ja) 2006-07-13

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