EP1570920B1 - Dispositif et procédé de classification par machine de planches et poutres - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de classification par machine de planches et poutres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1570920B1
EP1570920B1 EP04005067A EP04005067A EP1570920B1 EP 1570920 B1 EP1570920 B1 EP 1570920B1 EP 04005067 A EP04005067 A EP 04005067A EP 04005067 A EP04005067 A EP 04005067A EP 1570920 B1 EP1570920 B1 EP 1570920B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boards
beams
measurement device
unit according
density
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04005067A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1570920A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Binder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie
Original Assignee
Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie filed Critical Franz Binder Ges mbH Holzindustrie
Priority to DE502004000277T priority Critical patent/DE502004000277D1/de
Priority to PL04005067T priority patent/PL1570920T3/pl
Priority to DE200420017889 priority patent/DE202004017889U1/de
Priority to AT04005067T priority patent/ATE317307T1/de
Priority to EP04005067A priority patent/EP1570920B1/fr
Priority to NO20042066A priority patent/NO325697B1/no
Publication of EP1570920A1 publication Critical patent/EP1570920A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1570920B1 publication Critical patent/EP1570920B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
    • B07C5/12—Sorting according to size characterised by the application to particular articles, not otherwise provided for
    • B07C5/14—Sorting timber or logs, e.g. tree trunks, beams, planks or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and method for mechanically classifying boards, in which the boards individually pass continuously through measuring devices in which they are analyzed by physical and possibly also optical criteria and then classified, the classified boards or beams are then sorted by machine according to their classification, with a density measuring device, on the at least the density of the boards or beams is determined, a vibration measuring device in which the boards or beams are excited to longitudinal vibrations and measured their natural frequency and a classification evaluation device which evaluates the output signals of the density measuring device and the output signals of the vibration measuring device and therefrom creates a strength parameter for classifying the boards or beams.
  • a plant or a method for mechanically classifying boards or beams is known from EP 1 329 266 B1.
  • X-ray meters and laser scanners are provided.
  • the laser scanners check the boards or beams according to optical criteria. From the absorption of the X-rays, the density distribution of the wood can be determined. Due to the relatively high degree of correlation between wood density and wood strength, conclusions can be drawn about the strength of the boards or beams by means of the density distribution.
  • the branch regions are precisely measured with respect to position, size, shape, etc., and from the totality of these data, the sort parameter "branching" is calculated.
  • DE 93 15 506 U discloses a device for mechanical strength sorting of lumber, which also includes a vibration measuring device, which is, however, designed as a non-contact directional microphone or as a contact vibration sensor of low mass.
  • a vibration measuring device which is, however, designed as a non-contact directional microphone or as a contact vibration sensor of low mass.
  • Contacting vibration sensors are susceptible to interference and represent mechanically complex solutions to achieve non-contact directional microphones, especially due to disturbing ambient noise, measurement results only moderate accuracy, which in turn has a negative effect on the accuracy of the classification and thus ultimately on the yield.
  • EP 1 287 912 EP relates to a method for analyzing and sorting thin wood layers for plywood, wherein the bulk density of the wood layers is measured by means of an electromagnetic high-frequency resonator (TEM) and, in addition, the homogeneity and / or fibrillation of the wood layers via the darkness of their surface is measured
  • TEM electromagnetic high-frequency resonator
  • EP 0 616 209 A relates to a similar method for analyzing thin layers of wood, wherein the bulk density of the wood layers is measured by means of a high frequency electromagnetic resonator (TEM) and the highest density wood layers are used as surface layers.
  • TEM electromagnetic resonator
  • the invention has for its object to further increase the yield in the mechanical classification and sorting of boards or beams by the quality of the classification is further improved, the high feed rates to be maintained.
  • the natural frequency could also be measured with touch-sensitive sensors such as in particular piezoelectric sensors, which would, however, mean a slight loss of time and an additional mechanical effort.
  • touch-sensitive sensors such as in particular piezoelectric sensors
  • non-contact measurements could be measured for example by means of microphone, which can be implemented with relatively little effort, but there is the problem of unwanted background noise, which can falsify the measurement result here.
  • the means for non-contact measurement of the natural frequency is therefore a laser vibrometer; Such laser vibrometers work with sound / vibration amplifiers and provide extremely reliable measurement results without contact.
  • the invention is superior to the state of the art according to EP 1 329 266 in that here the strength of the boards or beams was derived from the density-related measurement, which led to classification errors, although there is a correlation between density and strength but not is always clear and depends in practice on various variables.
  • the strength is derived from the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the boards over the Young's modulus, which, given knowledge of the density and the length of the boards or beams, leads to unique and accurate strength values. Due to the extremely reliable classification parameter "strength", it was possible to significantly increase the yield again.
  • An essential element of the invention is the combination of a vibration measuring device, in which the natural frequency of the boards or beams is measured, with an X-ray measuring device in which the density of the In order to obtain a very reliable value for the strength of the boards or bars, which serves as a classification parameter.
  • the density-measuring device is an X-ray measuring device, via which the knottiness of the boards or beams is determined.
  • the Schwingüngs measuring device in the transport direction of the boards or beams seen before the density measuring device a planing device is provided, the Schwingüngs measuring device is arranged in the transport direction of the boards or beams before the planing device and the boards or beams traverse the vibration measuring device in the cross-pass while they pass through the planing device in the longitudinal pass. After the feed rate in the cross pass is naturally much smaller than in the longitudinal pass, remains for the vibration measurement of each board or bar sufficient time, without causing the high Feed rates in the longitudinal passage of the boards or beams would be impaired.
  • the data determined by the vibration measuring device can be transmitted online to the classification evaluation device.
  • the boards or bars are marked after passing through the vibration measuring device according to the measured value and the markings are scanned in the region of the density measuring device and fed to the classification evaluation device.
  • the marking of the boards or beams by means of an ink-jet printer takes place and the scanning of the markings by means of a camera system.
  • Such an "off-line" transmission of the data has the advantage that a board tracking between vibration measuring device and density measuring device is not required or avoided that due to Brettverreihungen, removal of boards, etc. incorrect data read into the classification evaluation device become.
  • each of the ends of the boards or beams is cut before application of the mark, so that in each case a smooth surface for applying the mark is available.
  • a device for electronic board tracking of the boards or beams between the vibration measuring device and the density measuring device is provided, in which case the frequency data are supplied online to the classification evaluation device.
  • the vibration measuring device comprises the following: a device for briefly lifting the board or beam to be measured from the conveyor, a beating device for generating a hit on the front side of the raised board or beam, and a device for preferably non-contact Measuring the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the battered boards or beams.
  • a humidity-measuring device for determining the humidity of the boards or beams is further provided, wherein the output signals of the humidity-measuring device are also supplied to the classification evaluation device.
  • This moisture measuring device is expediently connected upstream of the density measuring device.
  • the apparatus preferably further comprises a color scanner for optically evaluating the wood surface preferably downstream of the density measuring device, the color scanner being followed by a marking station for marking defective portions of the boards on the basis of density measuring means and / or or the color scanner of collected data.
  • Fig. 1 shows a system according to the invention in a schematic representation.
  • the plant shown is integrated in a plant for the production of workpieces (boards or beams), which is used for the production of glued laminated timber or beam laminated wood.
  • the workpieces not shown are taken from a warehouse, also not shown in detail and isolated in a package separation plant 100, in which case a first pre-sorting already takes place, ie apparently useless boards are already eliminated here.
  • the transport of the workpieces takes place here in the transverse direction on a transverse conveyor 103.
  • the transversely transported workpieces then pass through the vibration measuring device 102.
  • the workpieces are successively lifted one after the other at short notice by the conveyor, so that the measurement is not affected by vibration-inhibiting factors, and by means of an unillustrated electromechanical impactor is on the capped end side of the workpiece in the direction the longitudinal direction of the workpiece a stroke exerted, so put the workpiece in vibration.
  • a laser vibrometer also not shown, the natural frequency of the longitudinal vibrations of the damaged workpiece is measured.
  • the measured value is fed to a computer 104 and the value of the determined natural frequency is applied in a marking station 106 on the capped end face by means of an ink-jet printer in the form of a bar code or in plain text.
  • the thus marked workpieces are then transferred from the cross conveyor 103 to a longitudinal conveyor 108 and fed individually continuously in the longitudinal passage of a planing device 110 in which they are planed.
  • the workpieces leaving the planing device 110 are then alternately fed via a switch 112 to two parallel measuring lines which, as before, pass through them in the longitudinal direction at a reduced speed.
  • the high processing speed of the planing line can best be exploited and, on the other hand, measuring results of particularly high quality can be achieved in the two measuring lines due to the reduced throughput speed.
  • EP 1 329 266 B1 directed. After the two measuring lines are identically equipped, it suffices to describe only one of the two measuring lines below.
  • the workpieces pass through a reading station 114, in which by means of a camera system the bar code or the frequency value located on the front side of the workpiece is read in plain text and fed to a classification evaluation device 116.
  • the workpieces then pass through a humidity measuring device 118, in which the residual moisture of the workpieces is determined. The corresponding measured value is likewise supplied to the classification evaluation device 116.
  • the workpieces pass through an X-ray measuring device 120 (X-ray scanner). From the absorption of the X-rays, the density distribution of the wood can be determined. The obtained data is also supplied to the classification evaluator 116. The data obtained in the X-ray measuring device 120 on the one hand enable the determination of the density (bulk density) of the respectively measured workpiece. On the other hand, the branch regions are precisely measured with regard to position, size, diameter, shape, etc., and the totality of these data is used to calculate the "branching" according to Austrian standard DIN 4074.
  • the X-ray radiation also allows an assessment of the workpieces inside the wood insofar as in addition, the "Zinkenground" according to DIN 68140 can be determined very accurately. Detected strength-reducing wood defects are marked on the top of the workpieces (at marking station 124) with fluorescent ink and later capped at a finger jointing line (not shown).
  • the workpieces pass through a color scanner 122 for the detection of optical wood features of any kind.
  • This is equipped with 4 color cameras and 4 laser heads. By means of the rotating laser heads, 3-D errors are scanned and passed on to the synchronizing software. The features to be distinguished by color pigments are recorded by the cameras.
  • the color scanner has an infrared device, by means of which the fiber direction can be determined.
  • the classification evaluation device 116 can be formed by a central computer or also by a plurality of cooperating data processing units assigned to the individual measuring components.
  • the classification evaluation device 116 evaluates the obtained measurement data and generates therefrom the values for the classification of the individual workpieces into classes of different quality.
  • the classification evaluator 116 also generates a classification value for the strength and a classification value for the knottiness of the workpieces.
  • the classification value for the branching is obtained from the data of the X-ray scanner as explained above.
  • the classification evaluation device 116 For obtaining the classification value for the strength, from the natural frequency of the workpieces measured in the vibration measuring device 102 and supplied via the camera system 114 to the classification evaluation device 116, the density of the workpiece resulting from the measurements in the X-ray scanner 120 derive and calculated from the length of the workpieces of the modulus of elasticity. The strength of each workpiece can then be reliably determined from the modulus of elasticity and thus a corresponding classification value can be generated.
  • the classifications are then laterally applied to the individual workpieces in the marking station 124, for example in the form of color codes, and based on these classifications, it is then possible to sort the workpieces accordingly.
  • the marked workpieces are then brought together via transport paths 126, 128 to a common transport device 130, according to the classifications in individual floors of a floor storage 132 buffered and finally fed to a packaging plant 134.
  • the boards or beams are then further processed into glulam and beam plywood.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described.
  • a single measuring line can be provided instead of the two measuring lines 114 to 124.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Supply And Installment Of Electrical Components (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Installation de classification mécanique de planches ou de poutres, dans laquelle les planches ou poutres traversent individuellement, de manière continue, des dispositifs de mesure dans lesquels elles sont analysées selon des critères physiques et le cas échéant également optiques et ensuite classifiées, les planches ou poutres classifiées étant ensuite triées mécaniquement selon leur classification, comportant
    un dispositif de mesure de densité (120) par l'intermédiaire duquel est déterminée au moins la densité des planches ou poutres,
    un dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102) dans lequel les planches ou poutres sont excitées en oscillations longitudinales et leur fréquence propre est mesurée, et
    un dispositif d'analyse de classification (116) qui analyse les signaux de sortie du dispositif de mesure de densité (120) et les signaux de sortie du dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102) et établit à partir de là un paramètre de résistance pour classifier les planches ou poutres, le dispositif de mesure d'oscillations comprenant un dispositif de mesure sans contact de la fréquence propre qui est réalisé comme vibromètre à laser.
  2. Installation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le dispositif de mesure de densité (120) est un dispositif de mesure à rayons X par l'intermédiaire duquel est également déterminé la nodosité des planches ou poutres.
  3. Installation selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle un dispositif de rabotage (110) est prévu en amont du dispositif de mesure de densité (120) vu dans le sens de transport des planches ou poutres, le dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102) est disposé en amont du dispositif de rabotage (110) vu dans le sens de transport des planches ou poutres et les planches ou poutres traversent le dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102) en travers, tandis qu'elle traversent le dispositif de rabotage (110) en long.
  4. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle, après avoir traversé le dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102), les planches ou poutres sont marquées en correspondance de la valeur mesurée et les marques sont lues dans la zone du dispositif de mesure de densité (120) et envoyées au dispositif d'analyse de classification (116).
  5. Installation selon la revendication 4, dans laquelle le marquage des planches ou poutres s'effectue au moyen d'une imprimante à jet d'encre (106) et la lecture des marques au moyen d'un système de caméra (114).
  6. Installation selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans laquelle, avant l'apposition des marques, l'une des extrémités de chaque planche ou poutre est éboutée dans un poste d'éboutage (101).
  7. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle un dispositif pour la poursuite de planche électronique des planches ou poutres est prévu entre le dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102) et le dispositif de mesure de densité (120).
  8. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le dispositif de mesure d'oscillations (102) comprend ce qui suit :
    - un dispositif pour le soulèvement bref de la planche ou poutre à mesurer hors du convoyeur (103),
    - un dispositif de frappe pour la production d'un choc sur la face frontale de la planche ou poutre soulevée, et
    - le dispositif de mesure sans contact de la fréquence propre des oscillations longitudinales de la planche ou poutre frappée.
  9. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle est en outre prévu un dispositif de mesure d'humidité (118) pour déterminer l'humidité des planches ou poutres, les signaux de sortie du dispositif de mesure d'humidité (118) étant également envoyés au dispositif d'analyse de classification (116).
  10. Installation selon la revendication 9, dans laquelle le dispositif de mesure d'humidité (118) est monté en amont du dispositif de mesure de densité (120).
  11. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle est en outre prévu un dispositif de balayage de couleur (122) pour évaluer optiquement la surface du bois, qui est de préférence monté en aval du dispositif de mesure de densité (120).
  12. Installation selon la revendication 11, dans laquelle le dispositif de balayage de couleur (122) est monté en aval d'un poste de marquage (124) pour marquer des zones défectueuses des planches ou poutres sur la base de données obtenues au moyen du dispositif de mesure de densité (120) et/ou du dispositif de balayage de couleur (122).
  13. Installation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les planches ou poutres servent de produit intermédiaire pour la fabrication de planches lamellées ou de poutres lamellées.
  14. Procédé de classification mécanique de planches ou de poutres, dans lequel les planches ou poutres traversent individuellement de manière continue des dispositifs de mesure (102, 118, 120, 122), dans lesquels elles sont analysées selon des critères physiques et le cas échéant également optiques et ensuite classifiées, les planches ou poutres classifiées étant ensuite triées mécaniquement selon leur classification,
    la fréquence propre des planches ou poutres étant mesurée sans contact par mesure d'oscillations au moyen d'un vibromètre à laser,
    la densité et la nodosité des planches ou poutres étant déterminés au moyen de rayons X,
    le module d'élasticité des planches ou poutres étant déterminé à partir de la fréquence propre, de la densité et de la longueur de celles-ci,
    la résistance des planches ou poutres étant déterminée à partir du module d'élasticité, et
    les données relatives à la résistance et les données relatives à la nodosité étant utilisées comme paramètres pour classifier les planches ou poutres.
EP04005067A 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Dispositif et procédé de classification par machine de planches et poutres Expired - Lifetime EP1570920B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE502004000277T DE502004000277D1 (de) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Anlage und Verfahren zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern und Balken
PL04005067T PL1570920T3 (pl) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Układ i sposób maszynowego klasyfikowania desek i belek
DE200420017889 DE202004017889U1 (de) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Anlage zum maschinellen Klassifizieren von Brettern bzw. Balken
AT04005067T ATE317307T1 (de) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Anlage und verfahren zum maschinellen klassifizieren von brettern und balken
EP04005067A EP1570920B1 (fr) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Dispositif et procédé de classification par machine de planches et poutres
NO20042066A NO325697B1 (no) 2004-03-04 2004-05-19 Anlegg og fremgangsmate for maskinell klassifisering av planker og bjelker

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04005067A EP1570920B1 (fr) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Dispositif et procédé de classification par machine de planches et poutres

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1570920A1 EP1570920A1 (fr) 2005-09-07
EP1570920B1 true EP1570920B1 (fr) 2006-02-08

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ID=34745999

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04005067A Expired - Lifetime EP1570920B1 (fr) 2004-03-04 2004-03-04 Dispositif et procédé de classification par machine de planches et poutres

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1570920B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE317307T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004000277D1 (fr)
NO (1) NO325697B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL1570920T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018162828A1 (fr) 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 Gerflor Panneau acoustique pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3082859B1 (fr) 2018-06-26 2020-11-27 Gerflor Panneau acoustique pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI97645C (fi) * 1993-03-15 1997-01-27 Finnforest Oy Puuviilujen lujuuslajittelu
DE9315506U1 (de) * 1993-10-13 1993-12-02 Fagus-Grecon Greten Gmbh & Co Kg, 31061 Alfeld Vorrichtung zur maschinellen Festigkeitssortierung von Schnittholz
FI20011755A (fi) * 2001-09-04 2003-03-05 Finnforest Oy Puuviilujen analysointi ja lajittelu
ATE248034T1 (de) * 2002-06-04 2003-09-15 Franz Binder Ges Mbh Holzindus Anlage zum maschinellen klassifizieren von brettern bzw. balken

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018162828A1 (fr) 2017-03-06 2018-09-13 Gerflor Panneau acoustique pour la realisation d'un revetement de sol

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1570920A1 (fr) 2005-09-07
PL1570920T3 (pl) 2006-04-28
NO20042066D0 (no) 2004-05-19
NO20042066L (no) 2005-09-05
NO325697B1 (no) 2008-07-07
ATE317307T1 (de) 2006-02-15
DE502004000277D1 (de) 2006-04-20

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