EP1569962A2 - Regulatorische elemente im 5'-bereich des vr1-gens - Google Patents
Regulatorische elemente im 5'-bereich des vr1-gensInfo
- Publication number
- EP1569962A2 EP1569962A2 EP03778334A EP03778334A EP1569962A2 EP 1569962 A2 EP1569962 A2 EP 1569962A2 EP 03778334 A EP03778334 A EP 03778334A EP 03778334 A EP03778334 A EP 03778334A EP 1569962 A2 EP1569962 A2 EP 1569962A2
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
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- nucleic acid
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- expression
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- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nucleic acid, comprising a sequence section modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor, a vector containing the nucleic acid, a host cell which is transformed with the vector, a method for modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor and the use of the nucleic acid or of the vector for the prevention or treatment of pain and for the treatment of sensitivity disorders associated with the VR1 receptor.
- the nociception refers to the receipt of signals in the CNS, which are caused by specialized sensory receptors (nociceptors) and convey information about tissue damage.
- a major advance in understanding the molecular basis of nociception in mammals was the isolation and characterization of the vanilloid receptor of subtype 1 (VR1; also called capsaicin receptor), which is found in small-diameter sensory neurons, especially primary sensory neurons of the pain conduction pathway is expressed (Caterina et al. (1997) Nature 389: 816 to 824).
- the cDNA isolated from sensory neurons in rats codes for a polypeptide of 838 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 95 kDa and a hydrophobicity profile from which 6 transmembrane domains are predicted.
- VR1 is activated in vitro by various harmful stimuli, which include plant derivatives such as the vanilloids capsaicin and resinifera toxin as well as certain endogenous agents such as protons, the fatty acid derivative anandamide and inflammatory products of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid.
- VR1 can also be activated by noxious stimuli (temperatures> 42 ° C).
- noxious stimuli temperatures> 42 ° C.
- sensory neurons from VR1 " " mice show a greatly reduced response to these noxious stimuli.
- the VRI ⁇ " mice respond normally to noxic mechanical stimuli, but do not show any vanilloid-induced pain behavior, their detection of noxious heat is impaired and they show little thermal hypersensitivity after inflammation (Caterina et al. (2000) Science 288: 306 to 313)
- opioid receptors ⁇ , K, ⁇ or ORL1
- NSAID non-stereoidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- COX1 and COX2 e.g. Aspirin®, Paracetamol® and Ibuprofen®.
- their pain-relieving effect is usually not sufficient to combat severe pain.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of providing an alternative system for influencing nociception, in particular for combating pain.
- a nucleic acid comprising a sequence section which contains at least one region of the sequence which modulates the expression of the VR1 receptor according to FIG. 3 and / or according to FIG. 4 and / or according to GenBank accession number AL670399, positions 221931 to 223344, and / or according to GenBank accession number AL663116, positions 31673 to 36359, and / or according to GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 44731 to 43231 (a reverse sequence is stored under this GenBank accession number) and / or according to GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 36616 to 33151 (a reverse sequence is stored under this GenBank access number), or a homologous derivative, allele or fragment thereof which modulates the expression of the VR1 receptor, or a sequence which hybridizes therewith under standard conditions.
- region modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor means that the corresponding region of the above-mentioned nucleotide sequences regulates, ie either amplifies or inhibits, during expression of the vanilloid receptor, especially in transcription, is able to intervene.
- Areas with an enhancer function of the above sequences in particular the areas of the sequences according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, have a reinforcing effect, while those which have repressor binding sites reduce the expression rate, in particular the transcription rate of the one shown in FIG 3 shows the ⁇ '-regulatory region following VR1 gene (in this case starting with E-xaon 1ab), or the transcription rate of the VR1 gene following the 5'-regulatory region shown in FIG. 4 (in this case either starting with exon 1c or exon 1d), in particular the rat gene.
- a repressor effect of the following factors delta EF1 and GFI1 is known (Funahasi et al.
- the region modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor comprises at least at least one transcription factor binding site present in the sequence of FIG. 3 and / or FIG. 4, in particular a core sequence (binding motif) of such a binding site.
- Preferred binding sites include the binding motifs for the transcription factors MZF1 (myeloid zinc finger protein 1; cf. e.g. positions 39, 173, 1169 according to FIG. 3), NFkappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB; cf. eg position 39 according to FIG. 3), GATA 1/2/3 (GATA binding factor; see e.g. position 62, 376, 1076 according to FIG.
- IK 2 Ikaros factor 2; see e.g. position 174, 517, 1087, 1235 according to FIG. 3
- NFAT nuclear factor of activated T-cells; cf. e.g. position 176, 1089 according to FIG. 3 or position 4013, 4139 according to FIG. 4
- AP4 activator protein 4; cf. e.g. position 336 according to FIG. 3
- SRY sex-determining region Y gene product; see e.g. position 392 according to FIG. 3
- SOX5 Sox-5; see e.g. position 393 according to FIG. 3
- CP2 see e.g. position 498 according to FIG. 3
- cMyb cf.
- CETS1P54 c-Ets (p54); cf. e.g. position 1254 according to FIG. 3) and NFY (nuclear factor Y; cf. eg Position 1346 according to Fig. 3).
- transcription factor binding sites that are preferably present in the nucleic acid according to the invention are, for example, those for TH1E47 (Thing1 / E47 heterodimer; see, for example, position 560, 1533 according to FIG. 4), RORA1 (RAR-related orphan receptor alphal; see, for example, position 699 according to FIG 4), SRY (cf. e.g. position 744 according to FIG. 4), GFI1 (growth factor independence 1; cf. e.g. position 749 according to FIG. 4), AP1 (activator protein 1; cf. e.g. position 870, 998 according to FIG 4), deltaEFI (cf. e.g. position 1030, 4372 according to FIG.
- GATA 1 (cf. e.g. position 1129 according to FIG. 4), TCF11 (TCF11 / KCR-F1 / Nrf1 homodimers; cf. e.g. position 1381 according to FIG. 4), MZF1 (cf. e.g. position 3375, 4255 according to FIG. 4) IK2 / 1 (cf. e.g. position 3376, 4137, 4149, 4159, 4505 according to FIG. 4), Brn2 (POU factor Brn2; cf. e.g. position 3484 according to FIG. 4), cMyb (cf. e.g. Position 3557 according to FIG. 4), S8 (see e.g.
- nucleic acid according to the invention can contain one or more such binding sites of one or more transcription factors, alone or in any combination.
- the nucleic acid defined above is preferred as a double-stranded DNA molecule.
- the nucleic acid is a so-called “decoy ODN” or “cis-element decoy”, which contains a sequence which, for example, is one of the natural nuclear binding sequence corresponds to or resembles the abovementioned transcription factors and to which the respective transcription factor, in particular the abovementioned transcription factors, binds in the cell, in particular in the cell nucleus.
- the cis element decoy therefore acts as a molecule for competitively inhibiting the activity of the respective transcription factor.
- One aspect of the present invention therefore consists in using the nucleic acid according to the invention as an inhibitor of the activity of the ⁇ '-regulatory region of the VR1 gene according to the sequences in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, GenBank accession number AL670399, positions 221931 to 223344, GenBank accession number AL663116, positions 31673 to 36359, GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 44731 to 43231, or GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 36616 to 33151 to use binding transcription factors as medicaments. Proteins of this type, which also include the aforementioned transcription factors, can be inhibited in their action as transcription activators by nucleic acids according to the invention with action as a cis-element decoy.
- Preferred for the specific inhibition of activity, in particular the abovementioned transcription factors is therefore the use of double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides according to the invention (also called cis-decoy or decoy-ODN) which contain one or more binding sites for the respective transcription factor (s).
- cis-decoy or decoy-ODN double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides according to the invention
- the exogenous delivery of a large number of transcription factor binding sites, particularly in a much higher number than in the genome creates a situation in which the majority of a certain intracellularly present transcription factor is specific to the respective cis element decoy and not to its endogenous target binding sites in the genome binds.
- This approach to inhibit the binding of transcription factors to their endogenous binding site is also referred to as "squelching".
- DNA fragments were used which contained specific transcription factor binding parts of the transcription factor E2F (Morishita et al. (1995) Prac. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 92: 5855).
- sequence of a nucleic acid is suitable which binds to the transcription factors C / EBP B, MZF, Nkx 2.5, NF-AT, GATA, MZF, Brn-2, IK2 or AT4.
- C-EBTB binds specifically to the motif with the GCAA core sequence
- MZF specifically binds to motifs with the GGG core sequence
- Nkx 2.5 specifically binds to motifs with the TAAT core sequence
- NF-AT specifically binds to motifs with the GAAA core sequence
- GATA specifically binds Sequences with the core motif GATA
- Brn-2 binds specifically to core sequences with the motif AAAT
- IK2 specifically binds to the motif with the core sequence GGGA
- AP4 specifically binds to motifs with the core sequence GAGC.
- motifs which can be used according to the invention can be found in the sequences given in Tables 1 to 6 (last (right) column in each case) in the appendix, the respective core sequence (binding motif) being emphasized in capital letters.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention can therefore be configured as a cis-element decoy as an oligomer which has one or more of the above consensus core binding sequences.
- the cis-element decoy can have a variable size that is significantly larger than the respective core binding sequence and is extended at the ⁇ 'end and / or at the 3' end.
- nucleic acid as a cis-element decoy is a double-stranded nucleic acid
- a DNA oligonucleotide according to the invention not only includes the sense or forward sequence, but also the complementary antisense or reverse sequence.
- the respective complementary sequences are not shown here, but are readily apparent to a person skilled in the art from the specific base pairing (A-T, G-C) in DNA molecules.
- the cis element decoy according to the invention can not only have several binding sites for one or more transcription factors on one strand, but there can also be one or more binding sites in the sense and antisense strand.
- a person skilled in the art can therefore see that a large number of sequences can be used as inhibitors, for example for the above-mentioned transcription factors, as long as they fulfill the conditions of the consensus core binding sequences set out above and have an affinity for the respective transcription factor.
- the affinity for binding a double-stranded nucleic acid sequence according to the invention to a transcription factor can be determined by using the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) (Sambrook et al. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Handbook, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor; Krzesc et al. (1999) FEBS Lett. 453: 191). This test is particularly suitable for quality control of the nucleic acid according to the invention when used as a transcription inhibitor of the VR1 gene or for determining the optimal length of a binding site.
- the EMSA is also suitable for identifying other sequences to which the above-mentioned transcription factors or other transcription factors which bind to the sequence shown in FIG. 1 are suitable.
- the EMSA test system which ches is used for the isolation of new binding sites, is preferably carried out with purified or recombinantly expressed versions of the respective transcription factors, which are used in several alternating rounds of PCR amplification and selection at EMSA (Thiesen and Bach (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 3203).
- the transcription of the VR1 gene is modulated by the nucleic acid according to the invention as the cis-element decoy in such a way that this gene is not or only to a lesser extent expressed.
- Decreased or suppressed expression according to the present invention means that the transcription rate is reduced in comparison to cells which are not treated with a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide according to the invention. Such a reduction can be determined, for example, using Northern blot (Sambrook et al., Supra) or RT-PCR (Sambrook et al., Supra).
- nucleic acid designed as a cis element decoy to increase the expression rate of the VR1 gene by having one or more binding sites in the cis element decoy for a protein (repressor) which reduces the transcription rate of the VR1 gene.
- a protein repressor
- the transcription rate of the VR1 gene in cells treated with decoys according to the invention is reduced at least 2-fold, in particular 5-fold, particularly preferably at least 10-fold, compared to cells which are not treated with a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide according to the invention or increased.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention used as the cis-element decoy contains one or more, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, particularly preferably 1 or 2, shown in the sequence in FIG Binding sites to which a transcription factor specifically binds.
- the respective nucleic acid can be produced synthetically, or by molecular biological methods in vitro or intracellularly. The respective method is known to a person skilled in the art (see, for example, Sambrook et al., Supra).
- the length of the nucleic acid according to the invention, in particular of the double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide, is preferably at least as long as a sequence used which specifically binds to a transcription factor which has one of the core binding sequences contained in the sequences listed above.
- the nucleic acid according to the invention usually comprises about 13 to about 65 bp, preferably about 18 to about 23 bp.
- oligonucleotides are rapidly broken down in the cell by endo- and exonucleases, in particular DNases and RNases.
- a decoy nucleic acid according to the invention can therefore be modified in order to stabilize it against enzymatic degradation, so that a high concentration of the double-stranded nucleic acid is guaranteed in the cell over a longer period of time and the duration of its action is thus prolonged.
- Such a stabilization can typically be obtained by introducing one or more modified inter-nucleotide bonds or by introducing a modified nucleobase.
- a nucleic acid modified in this way does not necessarily contain a modification to every internucleotide bond or every nucleobase.
- the intemucleotide bonds at the respective ends of both oligonucleotides of a cis-element decoy are preferably modified.
- the last 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 or the last or a different one or more internucleotide linkage (s) within the last 6 intemucleotide linkages can be modified.
- Various modifications of the internucleotide linkages can also be introduced into the nucleic acid and the resulting double-stranded DNA oligonucleotides can be linked to the sequence-specific linkage to the desired transcription factor (s) using the standard dard EMSA test system can be tested.
- the EMSA test system allows the determination of the binding constant of the nucleic acid according to the invention and thus the determination whether the affinity has been changed by the modification.
- the cis element decoy which still show sufficient binding, can be selected, with sufficient binding meaning at least about 50% or at least about 75%, particularly preferably about 100%, of the binding of the unmodified nucleic acid.
- Nucleic acids according to the invention in particular cis-element decoys, with modified or modified intemucleotide binding (s) or modified nucleobases, which still show sufficient binding, can be checked to see whether they are more stable in the cell than the unmodified molecules.
- the cells transfected with the nucleic acid according to the invention are examined at various times for the amount of the nucleic acid still present.
- the methods known to a person skilled in the art can be used, e.g. Southern BIot techniques (Sambrook et al., Supra) or DNA chip array techniques (U.S. Patent 5,837,466).
- a successfully modified nucleic acid according to the invention for example a cis element decoy according to the invention, has a half-life in the cell which is higher than that of the unmodified molecule, preferably at least a half-life of about 48 hours, more preferably of at least about 4 days. particularly preferably of at least about 7 days.
- Modified internucleotide-phosphate residues and / or non-phosphorus bridges in a nucleic acid which can be used according to the invention contain, for example, methylphosphonate, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate, phosphoramidate, phosphate ester, while non-phosphorus internucleotide analogs, for example siloxane bridges, Contain carbonate bridges, carboxymethyl ether bridges, acetamidate bridges and / or thioether bridges.
- nucleic acid 7-deazaguanosine, 5-methylcytosine and inosine can be mentioned as modified nucleobases.
- Another possibility of stabilizing the nucleic acid according to the invention is the introduction of structural features into the nucleic acid according to the invention which increase the half-life of the nucleic acid. Structures of this type, which contain, for example, hairpin and bell DNA, are disclosed in US Pat. No. 5,683,985.
- modified intemucleotide phosphate residues and / or non-phosphorus bridges and / or modified nucleobases, together with the structures mentioned can be introduced into the nucleic acid according to the invention.
- the resulting nucleic acids can be checked for binding and stability in the test system described above.
- the regulatory sequence section defined above comprises the sequence shown in FIG. 3, in particular the nucleotides of the sequence shown in positions 1 to 1423 of this figure (ie up to the beginning of the gene section coding the cDNA, that with exon 1a begins), or a derivative modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor, allele or fragment thereof, or a sequence hybridizing therewith under standard conditions.
- the regulatory sequence section defined above comprises the sequence shown in FIG. 4, in particular the nucleotides of the sequence shown in positions 1 to 4549 of the figure (ie up to the beginning of the gene section coding the cDNA, the begins with exon 1d), or a derivative modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor, allele or fragment thereof, or a sequence hybridizing therewith under standard conditions.
- the regulatory sequence section defined above comprises the sequence shown in FIG. 4, in particular the nucleotides of the sequence shown in positions 1 to 4190 of the figure (ie up to the beginning of the gene section coding the cDNA, the begins with exon 1c), or an expression of VR1 receptor-modulating derivative, allele or fragment thereof, or a sequence hybridizing therewith under standard conditions.
- the regulatory sequence section of the nucleic acid according to the invention comprises the nucleotides of the sequence shown in positions 4060 to 4219 of the sequence shown in FIG. 4 or a derivative, allele or fragment thereof which modulates the expression of the VR1 receptor, or one which hybridizes therewith under standard conditions Sequence.
- the above sequence section comprising the nucleotides of the sequence in positions 4060 to 4219 of the sequence shown in FIG. 4, is distinguished by a high level of conservation between different species, for example rat, mouse and human (cf. also FIG. 2) and plays therefore an outstanding role in the regulation of the expression of the VR1 receptor.
- Another object of the present invention relates to a nucleic acid coding for VR1, in particular an (m) RNA or (c) DNA, comprising one of the sequences shown in FIGS. 1A, B and C (with one RNA for each in FIG. 1A , B and C present t (thymidine) is a u (uracil)), or a derivative coding for VR1, allele or fragment thereof, or a sequence hybridizing therewith under standard conditions.
- Preferred embodiments of this further nucleic acid of the present invention contain nucleotides 1 to 263 of FIG. 1A (exon 1ab), 1 to 191 of FIG. 1B (exon 1c) or 1 to 138 of FIG. 1C (exon 1d) or one for VR1 coding derivative, allele or fragment thereof, or a sequence hybridizing therewith under standard conditions.
- nucleic acid according to the invention as well as infunctional derivatives, alleles, analogs or fragments according to the invention can be prepared by standard methods (Sambrook et al., Supra).
- one or more nucleotides are inserted, deleted or substituted in the corresponding sequences.
- Fragments of the nucleic acid according to the invention are, in particular, those sequence segments which have a sequence which comprises one or more of the sequences according to GenBank access number AL670399 (positions 221931 to 223344) and the sequence according to GenBank access number in FIG. 3, FIG.
- AL663116 positions 31673 to 36359
- sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787 positions 44731 to 43231
- sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787 positions 36616 to 33151
- Preferred transcription factor binding sites are given in Tables 1 to 6 in the Appendix.
- nucleic acids according to the invention or fragments thereof are, for example, molecules described above with internucleotide binding or nucleobase modifications.
- Functionally homologous allele variants in the sense of the present invention are variants which have at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% homology.
- Allelic variants include, in particular, those functional or nonfunctional variants which, by deletion, insertion or substitution of nucleotides from the sequence according to FIG. 3, the sequence according to FIG.
- Homologous or sequence-related nucleotide sequences can be isolated from mammalian species, including humans, by conventional methods by homology screening, by hybridization with a sample of the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention or in parts thereof.
- Functional equivalents also include homologs of the sequence according to FIG. 3, the sequence according to FIG. 4, the Sequence according to GenBank access number AL670399 (positions 221931 to 223344), the sequence according to GenBank access number AL663116 (positions 31673 to 36359), the sequence according to GenBank access number AF168787 (positions 44731 to 43231) or the sequence according to GenBank access number AF168787 (positions 36616 to 33151), for example.
- nucleotide sequence according to FIG. 3 the nucleotide sequence according to FIG. 4, the nucleotide sequence according to GenBank access number AL670399 (positions 221931 to 223344), the nucleotide sequence according to GenBank access number AL663116 (positions 31673 to 36359) Isolate nucleotide sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787 (positions 44731 to 43231) or the nucleotide sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787 (positions 36616 to 33151), or parts of these sequences, for example using conventional hybridization methods or by PCR technology from other vertebrates, in particular mammals , Therefore, according to the invention, all sequences which hybridize with the abovementioned sequences are also disclosed.
- sequences hybridize under standard conditions with the nucleic acid sequences according to the invention. Short oligonucleotides of the conserved regions are advantageously used for hybridization. However, longer fragments of the nucleic acids according to the invention or the complete sequence can also be used for the hybridization.
- RNA hybrids are approx. 10 ° C lower than those of DNA: RNA hybrids of the same length.
- temperatures between 42 ° C and 58 ° C in an aqueous buffer solution with a concentration between 0.1 to 5 x SSC (1 x SSC 0.15 M NaCI, 15 mM sodium citrate, pH 7.2) or additionally in the presence of 50% formamide, such as, for example, 42 ° C. in 5 x SSC, 50% formamide understand.
- DNA hybrids are advantageously 0.1 ⁇ SSC and temperatures between approximately 20 ° C. to 45 ° C., preferably between approximately 30 ° C. to approximately 45 ° C.
- the hybridization temperatures are advantageously 0.1 ⁇ SSC and temperatures between approximately 30 ° C. to 55 ° C., preferably between approximately 45 ° C. to approximately 55 ° C.
- These specified temperatures for the hybridization are, for example, calculated melting temperature values for a nucleic acid with a length of approx. 100 nucleotides and a G + C content of 50% in the absence of formamide.
- derivatives are also to be understood as variants which have preferably been changed at the 3 'end.
- markings or "tags” are known in the literature, for example, hexa-histidine anchors or epitopes that can be recognized as antigens of various antibodies (Studir et al. (1990) Meth. Enzymol, 185: 60 to 89, and Ausubel et al., supra).
- PCR cf. Innis et al. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Method and Applications
- Chemical Synthesis PCR primers can be used, for example, to introduce new functions into a nucleotide sequence according to the invention, For example, restriction sites.
- sequences according to the invention can be designed accordingly for transfer into cloning vectors.
- the present invention further relates to a vector or a recombinant nucleic acid construct which contains a nucleic acid (sequence) defined above, typically a DNA sequence.
- the nucleic acid (sequence) according to the invention can be functionally linked to at least one further genetic regulatory element, for example transcription signals.
- host organisms or host cells e.g. Cell cultures from mammalian cells are transformed.
- a vector according to the invention, containing the nucleotide sequence defined above can, for example, contain the cDNA sequence coding for the VR1 receptor, preferably downstream of the nucleotide sequence according to the invention.
- the section coding for the VR1 receptor can also code for a functionally homologous derivative, allele or fragment of the VR1 receptor, or contain a sequence hybridizing therewith under standard conditions.
- Preferred DNA sequences which code for a functionally homologous protein of the VR1 receptor have at least 60% sequence identity, preferably at least 80% and even more preferably at least 95% with the cDNA sequence which results from the corresponding information in the GenBank entry AF 327067 (genomic sequence of the VR1 gene of the rat).
- the functional homologous partial sequences resulting from these DNA sequences can also be expressed with the aid of the vector according to the invention.
- all native splice variants of the VR1 cDNA sequence also belong to the scope of the present invention.
- Preferred embodiments of the VR1 cDNA according to the invention begin e.g. with exon 1ab, exon 1a or exon 1d (see also FIG. 6).
- the vector according to the invention or the nucleic acid construct according to the invention can also code for an allele variant or isoform of the VR1 receptor.
- allele variants are variants stood that have 60-100% homology at the amino acid level, preferably 70-100%, very particularly preferably 90-100%.
- Allelic variants include in particular those functional or infunctional variants which can be obtained by deleting, inserting or substituting nucleotides from the cDNA sequence coding for the VR1 receptor (for example starting with exon 1ab, exon 1c or exon 1d), the essential ones biological property is maintained as a ligand-controlled cation channel.
- a vector according to the invention or a nucleic acid construct according to the invention containing the nucleic acid sequence according to the invention or its derivatives, variants, homologs or fragments, can also be a protein with the function of the VR1 receptor but also an infunctional variant, for example a double negative mutant (DN mutant) can be used in a therapeutically or diagnostically suitable form.
- DN mutant double negative mutant
- vector systems or oligonucleotides can be used which extend the sequences coding for the VR1 construct by certain nucleotide sequences and thus code for modified polypeptides which, for example, serve for easier purification.
- a vector according to the invention can comprise further regulatory elements functionally linked to the above-mentioned elements, for example translation start or translation stop signals. Depending on the desired application, this link leads to a native expression rate or to an increase or decrease in the native gene expression.
- the vector according to the invention for example an expression vector for the expression of functional or nonfunctional VR1 receptors, can comprise further regulatory sequences which are used, for example, in promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, trp-tet, Ipp, lac, Ipp-lac, laclq, T7, T5, T3, gal, trc, ara, SP6, l-PR or even I-PL promoter are included.
- promoters such as cos, tac, trp, tet, trp-tet, Ipp, lac, Ipp-lac, laclq, T7, T5, T3, gal, trc, ara, SP6, l-PR or even I-PL promoter are included.
- regulatory sequences are, for example, in the Gram-positive promoters such as amy and SP02, in the yeast promoters such as ADC1, MFa, AC, P-60, CYC1, GAPDH or in mammalian promoters such as CaM- Kinase II, CMV, Nestin, L7, BDNF, NF, MBP, NSE, ⁇ -globin, GFAP, GAP43, tyrosine hydroxylase, kainate receptor subunit 1, glutamate receptor subunit B included.
- all natural promoters with their regulatory sequences with the regulatory nucleic acid sequence according to the invention for example the regulatory sequences mentioned above, can be used for an (expression) vector according to the invention.
- synthetic promoters can also be advantageously combined.
- These regulatory sequences are intended to enable targeted expression, for example of VR1 receptor constructs. Depending on the host organism, this can mean, for example, that the gene is only expressed or overexpressed after induction, or that it is expressed and / or overexpressed immediately.
- the regulatory sequences or factors can preferably have a positive influence on the expression and thereby increase it.
- the regulatory elements can advantageously be strengthened at the transcription level by using strong transcription signals such as promoters and / or enhancers.
- increased translation is also possible, for example, by improving the stability of the mRNA.
- regulatory sequences are all elements familiar to the person skilled in the art which can influence expression at the transcription and / or translation level.
- so-called “enhancer” sequences are to be emphasized, which can bring about increased expression via an improved interaction between RNA polymerase and DNA.
- locus control regions regions
- siencers or respective partial sequences thereof may be mentioned as further regulatory sequences.
- These sequences can be used advantageously for tissue-specific expression.
- terminator sequences will advantageously also be present in an (expression) vector according to the invention and, according to the invention, will be subsumed under the term “regulatory sequence”.
- vector includes both recombinant nucleic acid constructs or gene constructs, as described above, and complete vector constructs, which typically contain further elements in addition to the nucleotide sequences according to the invention and any other regulatory sequences. These vector constructs or vectors can be used, for example, to express the VR1 receptor in a suitable host organism.
- at least one nucleic acid according to the invention, containing a sequence section mentioned above, is inserted into a host-specific vector.
- Suitable vectors are well known to a person skilled in the art and can be found, for example, in "Cloning Vectors" (ed.
- vectors also include all other vectors known to a person skilled in the art, such as phages, viruses such as SV40, CMV, baculovirus, adenovirus, Sindbis virus, transposons, IS elements, phasmids, phagemids, cosmids, linear or circular DNA. These vectors can be replicated autonomously in the host organism or replicated chromosomally. Linear DNA is typically used for integration into the mammalian genome.
- Expression with the VR1 receptor DNA sequences according to the invention which are coupled to regulatory nucleic acid sequences can advantageously be increased by increasing the number of gene copies and / or by increasing regulatory factors which have a further positive effect on gene expression.
- regulatory elements can preferably be amplified at the transcription level by using further transcription signals, such as promoters and enhancers.
- an increase in translation is also possible, for example, by improving the stability of the mRNA or increasing the reading efficiency of this mRNA on the ribosomes.
- nucleic acid sequences in the case of homologous genes can be incorporated into a nucleic acid fragment or into a vector which preferably contains a regulatory gene sequence assigned to the respective genes or promoter activity having an analogous effect.
- further regulatory sequences are used which increase gene expression.
- Nucleic acid sequences according to the invention can be cloned together with the sequences coding for interacting or for potentially interacting proteins into a single vector and then expressed in vitro in a host cell or in vivo in a host organism.
- each of the potentially interacting nucleic acid sequences and the sequence coding for a VR1 gene construct can also be introduced into a single vector and these can be introduced separately into the respective organism using customary methods, for example transformation, transfection, transduction, electroporation or particle gun.
- At least one marker gene for example antibiotic resistance genes and / or genes which code for a fluorescent protein, in particular GFP
- an (expression) vector according to the invention in particular a complete vector construct, to be built in.
- the present invention further relates to host cells, with the exception of human germ cells and human embryonic stem cells, which are transformed with a nucleic acid according to the invention and / or a vector according to the invention.
- All cells of a pro- or eukaryotic nature can be considered as host cells, for example bacteria, fungi, yeasts, plant or animal cells.
- Preferred host cells are bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli, Streptomyces, Bacillus or Pseudomonas, eukaryotic microorganisms such as Aspergilius or Saccharomyces cerevisiae or the common baker's yeast (Stinchcomb et al. (1997) Nature 282: 39).
- cells from multicellular organisms are selected for transformation by means of nucleic acids and / or vectors according to the invention. This takes place, for example, when expressing VR1 constructs against the background of any desired glycosylation (N- and / or O-coupled) of the encoded VR1 construct.
- This function may be more appropriate in higher eukaryotic cells - compared to prokaryotic cells Way to run.
- any higher eukaryotic cell culture is available as a host cell, although cells from mammals, for example monkeys, rats, hamsters, mice or humans, are very particularly preferred. A large number of established cell lines are known to the person skilled in the art.
- 293T embryonic kidney cell line
- BHK baby hamster kidney cells
- CHO cells from the Hamster ovaries, Urlaub and Chasin, Proc. Natl. Accad. Sei. USA 77: 4216, (1980)
- HeLa human carcinoma cells
- other cell lines for example HEK293-, SF9- or COS-, especially established for laboratory use.
- Human cells in particular neuronal stem cells and cells of the “pain pathway”, preferably primary sensory neurons, are very particularly preferred.
- Human cells in particular autologous cells of a patient, are suitable after (above all ex vivo) transformation with nucleic acids according to the invention or according to the invention Vectors, especially as medicinal products for gene therapy purposes, for example, after cell removal, possibly ex vivo expansion, transformation, selection and final retransplantation in the patient ducks.
- a host cell and a vector according to the invention which matches the host cells, such as plasmids, viruses or phages, such as, for example, plasmids with the RNA polymerase / promoter system, the phages ⁇ , Mu or other temperate phages or transposons and / or further advantageous regulatory ones Sequences form a host cell according to the invention, which can serve as an expression cell system in connection with the regulatory nucleic acid sequence according to the invention.
- Preferred expression systems according to the invention based on host cells according to the invention are, for example, the combination of mammalian cells, for example CHO cells or neuronal cells, and vectors such as for example pcDNA 3neo vector or for example HEK293 cells and CMV vectors which are particularly suitable for mammalian cells are suitable.
- the objects according to the invention are thus suitable on the one hand as medicaments for inhibiting nociception, for example due to the reduction in transcription of the VR1 receptor by means of cis-element decoy molecules according to the invention or by increased expression of an infunctional variant of the VR1 receptor with the aid of a vector, comprising the entire regulatory nucleic acid sequence shown in FIG.
- GenBank accession number AL670399 positions 221931 to 223344
- GenBank accession number AL663116 positions 31673 to 36359
- GenBank accession number AF168787 positions 44731 to 43231
- GenBank accession number AF168787 positions 36616 to 33151
- the objects according to the invention can be used to treat a sensitivity disorder associated with the VR1 receptor, which leads to reduced sensitivity of the respective organism, in particular to hypersensitivity or analgesia, by means of objects according to the invention, for example by using a nucleic acid according to the invention in combination with the cDNA coding for the VR1 receptor is introduced into the cells of the respective organism in order to ensure the expression of a functional VR1 receptor construct, for example in the case of abnormally reduced or no expression of the endogenous VR1 receptor.
- the present invention encompasses the use of the above-mentioned objects for the treatment or for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prevention of pain, in particular acute or chronic pain, and also the use for the treatment or for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of sensitivity disorders related to the VR1 receptor, especially for the treatment of hyperalgesia, hypalgesia or analgesia, neuralgia, myalgia.
- Medicaments according to the invention or medicaments produced using the articles according to the invention may contain one or more suitable auxiliaries and / or additives in addition to the articles defined above.
- Medicaments according to the invention can be administered as a liquid dosage form in the form of a solution for injection, drops or juices, as a semi-solid dosage form in the form of granules, tablets, pellets, patches, capsules, plasters or aerosols and may contain, in addition to the at least one object according to the invention, depending on the pharmaceutical form Carrier materials, fillers, solvents, diluents, dyes and / or binders.
- excipients and the amounts to be used depend on whether the medicinal product is administered orally, orally, parenterally, intravenously, intraperitoneally, intradermally, intramuscularly, intranasally, buccally, rectally or topically, the mucous membranes, the eyes, etc. should.
- Preparations in the form of tablets, dragees, capsules, granules, drops, juices and syrups are suitable for oral administration, and solutions, suspensions, easily reconstitutable dry preparations and sprays are suitable for parenteral, topical and inhalative administration.
- Objects according to the invention in a depot in dissolved form or in a plaster, possibly with the addition of agents which promote skin penetration, are suitable percutaneous application preparations.
- Forms of preparation which can be used orally or percutaneously can release the articles according to the invention with a delay.
- the amount of active ingredient to be administered to a patient varies depending on the weight of the patient, the type of application, the indication and the degree of the disease. Usually 2 to 500 mg / kg body weight of at least one object according to the invention are applied. If the medicinal product is to be used in particular for gene therapy, it is advisable to use, for example, physiological saline, stabilizers, protease or DNAse inhibitors, etc. as suitable auxiliaries or additives.
- Suitable additives and / or auxiliary substances for example when using the nucleic acid according to the invention as a cis-element decoy, are examples of lipids, cationic lipids, polymers, liposomes, nucleic acid aptamers, peptides and proteins which are bound to DNA (or synthetic peptide -DNA molecules to name, for example, to increase the introduction of nucleic acids into the cell, to direct the drug mixture to only a subset of cells, to prevent the degradation of the nucleic acid according to the invention in the cell, in order to Storage of the drug mixture before use to lighten etc. etc.
- peptides and proteins or synthetic peptide-DNA molecules are, for example, antibodies, antibody fragments, ligands, adhesion molecules, all of which can be modified or unmodified.
- Auxiliaries that stabilize the cis-element decoys in the cell are, for example, nucleic acid-condensing substances such as cationic polymers, poly-L-lysine or polyethyleneimine.
- administration is carried out by injection, catheter, suppository ("suppository"), aerosols (nasal or oral spray, inhalation), trocars, projectiles, pluronic gels, Polymers that sustainably release medication or any other device that allows local access.
- suppository suppository
- aerosols nonasal or oral spray, inhalation
- trocars projectiles
- pluronic gels Polymers that sustainably release medication or any other device that allows local access.
- the ex vivo use of the pharmaceutical mixture according to the invention which is used for the treatment of the above-mentioned indications, also allows local access.
- Objects according to the invention can optionally be combined in a composition as a pharmaceutical (active ingredient) mixture with, for example, at least one further pain reliever.
- objects according to the invention can be combined, for example in conjunction with opiates and / or synthetic opioids (for example morphine, levomethadone, codeine, tramadol, bupremorphine) and / or NSAID (for example diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol).
- opioids for example morphine, levomethadone, codeine, tramadol, bupremorphine
- NSAID for example diclofenac, ibuprofen, paracetamol
- Preferred is the use of such compositions as pharmaceutical mixtures with, for example, established analgesics for the treatment (or for the production of pharmaceuticals for the treatment) of the medical indications disclosed here.
- the present invention also includes a method for modulating the expression of the VR1 receptor or possibly other receptor genes or genes comprising introducing the nucleic acid according to the invention or the vector into a cell containing the VR1 gene.
- the present invention also comprises a method for the treatment of the above-mentioned indications, comprising the administration of at least one object according to the invention or one medicament described above to a patient who needs such an active ingredient.
- the preferred routes of administration, amounts of the active ingredients or of the medicament, etc., which can be used in the treatment method according to the invention, have already been set out above.
- "Patients" in the sense of the present invention are not only humans but also animals, in particular rodents, for example mice, rats, guinea pigs and rabbits, and domestic or farm animals, for example chicken, goose, duck, goat, sheep, pig, cattle, horse , Dog and cat.
- the nucleic acid derived from the sequence shown in FIG. 3 or FIG. 4 or the corresponding vector or the corresponding host cell is particularly suitable for use in the rat.
- the objects derived from the sequence shown in FIG. 3 are particularly suitable for regulating the expression of the VR-1 gene and associated disorders in the kidney, brain and / or spinal ganglia (or corresponding culture cells or cell lines), while those in the of the sequence shown in FIG. 4 are particularly suitable for influencing the VR1 gene expression in spinal ganglia (or corresponding culture cells or cell lines).
- the nucleic acid derived from the sequence according to GenBank access number AL670399, positions 221931 to 223344, or from the sequence according to GenBank access number AL663116, positions 31673 to 36359 is particularly suitable the corresponding vector or the corresponding host cell for use in the Mouse.
- the objects derived from the sequence according to GenBank accession number AL670399, positions 221931 to 223344, are particularly suitable for regulating the expression of the VR-1 gene and related disorders in the kidney, brain and / or spinal ganglia (or corresponding culture cells or cell lines) ), while the objects derived from the sequence according to GenBank accession number AL663116, positions 31673 to 36359, are particularly suitable for influencing the VR1 gene expression in spinal ganglia (or corresponding culture cells or cell lines).
- nucleic acid derived from the sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 44731 to 43231, or the sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 36616 to 33151 is particularly suitable in the use according to the invention or in the treatment method using the objects according to the invention or the corresponding vector or the corresponding host cell for use in humans.
- the objects derived from the sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 44731 to 43231, are particularly suitable for regulating the expression of the VR-1 gene and related disorders in the kidney, brain and / or spinal ganglia (or corresponding culture cells or cell lines), while the objects derived from the sequence according to GenBank accession number AF168787, positions 36616 to 33151, are particularly suitable for influencing the VR1 gene expression in spinal ganglia (or corresponding culture cells or cell lines).
- Another object of the present invention detection method for a transcription factor preferably with high throughput.
- the regulatory proteins for example transcription factors, which bind to the 5'-regulatory region according to the invention are detected by the mutual interactions. This can be done, for example, by the methods of Western blot, gel shift tests or tests with reporter genes. Such a method can preferably also be carried out on the basis of an ELISA, also in the sense of a high-throughput method.
- the conventional ELISA will show how follows modified.
- the transcription factor to be captured is not captured by an antibody, but rather by a double-stranded oligonucleotide sample which corresponds to the 5 ′ regulatory region of the VR1 gene according to the invention or a section thereof of at least 5, preferably at least 10 nucleotides in length.
- the double-stranded samples are preferably bound on a substrate, for example a microtiter plate.
- Captured proteins that bind the nucleotide sample insofar as these are known as regulator proteins for the ⁇ ′ region of VR1
- Captured proteins that bind the nucleotide sample insofar as these are known as regulator proteins for the ⁇ ′ region of VR1
- can be labeled for example, by appropriate antibodies directed against the captured proteins, for example radioactive or fluorescence-labeled or conjugated by horseradish peroxidase ( downstream dye reaction) can be detected.
- overexpression and underexpression of the transcription factors in a sample for example in cell extracts, can be detected and
- RACE 1 shows sequences of ⁇ '-RACE fragments which, starting from mRNA from rat spinal ganglia, were obtained with gene-specific primers which hybridize in exon 2 of the VR1 cDNA.
- 3 types of RACE fragments are shown which contain 49 nucleotides of exon 2 in the 3 'region (AF029310, highlighted in gray), but differ in their ⁇ ' sequences.
- the sequence of the primer rVR72 is underlined.
- the sequence of the RACE fragment 1ab (A) contains two exons (1a and 1b) in the ⁇ 'region. Exon 1a is underlined twice.
- the exon 1 of the RACE fragment 1c (B) shown was isolated in different lengths.
- the starting points of the different RACE fragments 1c are shown in bold and underlined.
- the RACE fragment in Figure 1C contains the 138 bp exon 1d.
- the sequences of exons 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d are contained in the genomic sequence of the rat with the accession number AC126839 [position 63696 - 63790 (exon 1a), 71745 - 71912 (exon 1b), position 87717-87907 (exon 1c) and position 88077-88214 (exon 1d)].
- FIG. 2 shows a comparison of sequences of the highly conserved DNA region in the ⁇ ′ region of exon 1c of the VR1 gene.
- the sequence sections of rat [AC126839, position 87687-87746], mouse [AL663116, position 3 ⁇ 87 ⁇ - 36034] and human [AF 168787, position 32680 - 32416] are shown.
- Identical nucleotides have a gray background.
- Figure 3 shows the genomic sequence in the ⁇ 'region upward of exon 1a of the VR1 gene of the rat.
- the sequence was isolated using the Genome Walker Kit (Clontech) and is contained in the genomic sequence of the rat with the database number AC126839 [position 62273 - 53722].
- the first nucleotides of the RACE fragment 1ab are shown in italics. DNA binding sites for transcription factors which are located in the same sequence position in both the rat and the mouse are shown underlined.
- Fig. 4 shows the genomic VR1 sequence of the rat 5 'to the exon 1d.
- the sequence shown is contained in the genome sequence of the rat with the accession number AC 126839 (position 83628-88214).
- Exons 1c and 1d have a gray background.
- the GenomeWalker fragments are located at position 1 to 4361. DNA binding sites for transcription factors, which are located in the same sequence position in both the rat and the mouse, are underlined. The one between man
- FIG. 6 shows photographic recordings of 1.0% agarose gels from RT-PCR samples which were used for the amplification of exon 1c / 2 and exon 1d / 2 fragments of the VR1 mRNA in various rat tissues.
- 10 ⁇ l of the PCR reactions were separated using the primer pairs 1C-14 ⁇ F / 1c- 417R (A) and VR1d-18F / 1c-417R (B) or with GAPDH primers (C) and cDNA from brain (lane 1), heart (lane 2), liver (lane 3), intestine (lane 4), Spleen (lane ⁇ ), kidney (lane 6), spinal ganglia (lane 7) and muscle (lane 8) were performed.
- the reactions with the GAPDH primers served as a positive control.
- 1 ⁇ l of the respective cDNA solution was added to the PCR
- the expected size of the products is 292 bp (A), 364 bp (B) and 227 bp (C).
- a further fragment with a length of approximately 600 bp can be seen in track 1 in FIG. 6A. The larger fragment in lane 7 of Figure ⁇ B is possibly a PCR artifact.
- Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the ⁇ 'ends of the various human VR1 cDNAs. The upper part of the figure shows the genomic DNA section on which exons 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and 2 are located. In addition, the ⁇ 'regions with exons 1 and 2 of the various cDNA forms are outlined. The access numbers of the sequences are listed on the side.
- the ⁇ 'ends of the VR1 mRNA of the rat were isolated from spinal ganglia mRNA using the ⁇ '-RACE ( ⁇ '-rapid amplification of the cDNA ends) method (RACE-PCR Kit, Clontech).
- the oligonucleotides were used as gene-specific primers AGW ⁇ and rVR72 (5'-CCTCTGAGTCTAAGCTAGCCCGTTGTT-3 ', 5'-
- TAGCCCGTTGTTCCATCCTTTCCAG-6 ' is used. Both primers hybridize in exon 2 of the VR1 cDNA sequence of the rat with GenBank accession number AF029310 (positions 86-111 and 72-96, respectively). The sequence AF029310 is also stored in GenBank under the designation VR1L1 under the access number AB040873. Three different types of RACE-PCR fragments were isolated, which differ in their ⁇ 'sequence. All fragments contain 49 nucleotides of exon 2 in the 3 'region (see FIG. 1).
- the ⁇ 'sequences of the fragments were identified with the aid of the computer programs FASTA and BLAST in the genomic sequence of the rat with the GenBank accession number AG126839, the sequence in FIG. 1A being divided into two sections and thus consisting of two exons ( 96 bp and 168 bp). Due to the position in the sequence AC126839, the 5 'sequences are subsequently described with exon 1a and 1 (position 53696-53790 and 71745-71912; FIG. 1A), exon 1c (position 87717-87907; FIG. 1B) and E- xon 1d (position 88077-88214; Fig. 1C). The sequence in Fig.
- 1B contains the first 47 nucleotides of exon 1 of cDNA AF029310. Exon 1c-type fragments with different starting sites were isolated. The different sized 1c exon sequences comprise 191, 115, 103, 79, 76, 46, 38 bp.
- the human VR1 gene contains 4 different exon 1 variants
- GenBank another exon 1 was identified in humans (FIG. 6).
- the section labeled exon 1d is on genomic DNA localized downstream of exon 1c.
- the sequence comparison of the VR1 cDNAs has shown that the transcripts differ only in the sequence of exon 1.
- Genomic DNA was isolated using the GenomeWalker Kit from Clontech. This reaction system contains four different fractions of genomic DNA fragments. Each fraction was digested with a different restriction enzyme (EcoR V, Dra I, Pvu II, Ssp I) and the resulting DNA fragments were coupled with a DNA adapter.
- the DNA adapter contains the sequences of the primers AP1 and AP2.
- the genomic DNA was amplified using nested PCR. The primers AP1 and AP2 and two gene-specific primers were used for this.
- a 1460 bp fragment in the 5 'upward region of exon 1a was primed with VR1ab-35R (5- CGAGAGTGACGGGTCGCGAAGTCAT-3') and VR1ab-1R ( ⁇ '-
- GACAGCACA ⁇ CTCAGGCGGCTTGAA-3 ' enriched and contains the first 27 nucleotides of the RACE fragment 1ab (Fig. 3).
- the sequence comprises a total of 4361 bp and contains the first 172 nucleotides of the RACE fragment 1c (FIG. 4).
- the first PCR was carried out with the primers AGW23 ( ⁇ '-CAGCTAGGTGCAGGCACACCCCAAA-3 ') and AGW4 ( ⁇ '-CCCA-A ⁇ TGGAGCAAGTGCCTTGGAG-3').
- the primer AGWZ021 ⁇ '-
- CTTGCATTTGCCAGACCCAGAGCAGGAT-3 ' were used in the second PCR.
- the PCR fragments were ligated into the vector pGEM-T and sequenced.
- the sequences of the genomic fragments are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the sequences were identified with the computer program BLAST in the genomic sequence of the rat with the database number AC126839 [Positions 62273-63696 (sequence in the ⁇ '-region upward of exon 1a) and position 83628 - 87716 (sequence in the ⁇ '-region upward of exon 1c); the information relates to sequences which do not contain any nucleotides of the RACE fragments].
- VR1 sequences stored in GenBank were searched with the aid of the computer programs BLAST and FASTA for orthologous sequences in the mouse and in humans.
- exons were identified in the sequence with the database number AL663116 [position 1308-1401 (exon 1a, 92%) and position 19666-19823 (exon 1b, 94%)). Exon 1a is also included in the sequence with database number AL670399 [position 223346 - 223438 (92%)]. This sequence ends upstream of exon 1b, but contains a larger region ⁇ '-upward of exon 1a.
- the cDNAs or ESTs of the mouse which contain the VR1 exons 1a, 1b and further sequence sections of the VR1 gene, are not stored in the single-layer databases.
- the exons in the cDNA of the carbohydrate kinase-like (CARKL) gene were identified with the database number NM_029031 [positions 26-119 (exon 1a; 92%) and positions 911-1078 (exon 1b; 94%)).
- Human exons 1a and 1b (XM_040678 / AL136801, positions 1-242) are also included in the CARKL cDNA sequence [NM_013276, positions 2689-2791 (exon 1a) and positions 3 ⁇ 3 ⁇ - 3673 (exon 1b)]. In other sections of the sequence, no match was found between the cDNAs of the CARKL and VR1 genes. The sequences of the human exons 1a and 1b showed no homology with the exons 1a and 1b of the rat or with other sequences of the rat or the mouse. Human exons 1a [position 44730-44628] and 1b [position 43884-43746] are contained in the human genomic sequence with database number AF168787.
- Exon 1c is contained in the mouse genomic sequence with GenBank accession number AL663116 [position 36006-36191, 96%]. Three 628bp and 629bp EST / cDNA sequences are stored in GenBank, the 5 'region of which corresponds to the exon 1c of the rat [BB6 ⁇ 6502, XM_147 ⁇ 17, XM_112546; Positions 1-74, 98%]. These ESTs show clear agreement with the VR1 cDNA of the rat [identical nucleotides 564/601 (92%)]. The human exon 1c shows no clear homology to the exon 1c of the rat.
- the 1423 bp genomic fragment of the rat from the ⁇ 'region of the exon 1a is homologous to the mouse genomic sequence in two sections, which are only separated by 23 nucleotides [GenBank accession number AL670399; Position 221931 - 222726 (80%) and 222764 - 223320 (86%)].
- the region ⁇ '-wards of the rat exon 1d shows a clear correspondence to the mouse sequence under the GenBank accession number AL663116 [position 32368-33403 (81%), 35013-35101 (90%), 35211-35264 (94%) and position 35290-36359 (87%)].
- regulatory areas e.g. promoters, enhancers, silencers
- modules from short regulatory sequence elements. These serve as binding sites for functional classes of proteins called transcription factors.
- MZF1 myeloid zinc finger protein 1; positions 39, 173, 1169), NFkappaB (nuclear factor-kappaB; position 39) ), GATA 1/2/3 (GATA binding factor; position 62, 376, 1076), IK 2 or Klf 7 (Ikaros factor 2 or Krüppel-like factor 7; position 174, 517, 1087, 1235), NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells; position 176, 1089), AP4 (activator protein 4; position 336), SRY (sex-determining region Y gene product; position 392), SOX5 (Sox-5; position 393), CP2 (position 498), cMyb (position 824), SREBP1 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein; position 982), deltaEFI (delta-crystallin / E2-box factor 1; position 984, 998, 1118, 1294), MyoD (myoblast
- binding sites were identified for the following transcription factors: TH1E47 (Thing1 / E47 heterodimer; position 660, 1533), RORA1 (RAR-related orphan receptor alphal; position 699), SRY ( Position 744), GFI1 (growth factor independence 1; position 749), AP1 (activator protein 1; position 870, 998), deltaEFI (position 1030, 4372), GATA 1 (position 1129), TCF11 (TCF11 / KCR-F1 / Nrf1 homodimers; position 1381), MZF1 position 3375, 4256), IK2 / 1 or Klf 7 (position 3376, 4137, 4149, 4159, 4606), Brn2 (POU factor Brn2; position 3484), cMyb (position 3667), S8 (position 3731), MyoD (position 3890), NFAT (position 4013, 4139), NKX2 ⁇ (homeodomain
- RT-PCR experiments were carried out with o / wartf primers that hybridize specifically in exon 1c (1C-145F; ⁇ '-CAGCTCCAAGGCACTTGCTC-3 ') and exon 1d (VR1d-18F; ⁇ '-GAGAGGTGGTGGTCAGTTGGCTTATGT-3') ,
- the primer 1c-417R ⁇ '-GCCAGCCCGCCTTCCTCATA-3 '
- RNA was isolated from the brain, heart, liver, intestine, spleen, kidney, spinal ganglia and muscle of the rat, treated with DNase I and transcribed into cDNA. 2.5 ⁇ g of Velvet RNA used for reverse transcription. The reaction mixture was made up to a final volume of 60 ⁇ l. 1 ⁇ l of the respective cDNA solution was used for a 60 ⁇ l PCR reaction mixture. The size of the PCR products was expected as follows: 292 bp (1C-14 ⁇ F / 1c-417R), 364 bp (VR1d-18F / 1C-417R), 227 bp (GAPDH primer).
- the RT-PCR experiments show that the VR1 variant, which contains exon 1c, is synthesized in the spinal ganglia and in the muscle (FIG. 6A). In contrast, the mRNA with exon 1d was only detected in spinal ganglia (Fig. ⁇ B). Starting with exon 1c, a PCR fragment was generated with Gehim cDNA that was approximately twice the length of the expected size and probably derived from another variant of the VR1 mRNA.
- the present invention shows that there are four exon 1 variants in both humans and rats. Because of the location on the genomic DNA, the exons are designated 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d. Three different types of transcripts were identified in the rat. The first variant contains exons 1a and 1b, the second exon 1c and the third exon 1d. Analysis of the human VR1 cDNAs shows that these transcript forms also exist in humans. Due to the significant agreement of the sequences between rat and mouse, the existence of this VR1 gene structure is also probable in the mouse.
- the transcript variants of the VR1 gene are expressed differently in different tissue types.
- the VR1 gene is activated in the different tissue or cell types from different promoters.
- the VR1 variant containing exon 1c was detected in muscle tissue, while the VR1 transcript with exon 1d was not detected in the muscle.
- the different expression profile of the VR1 variants and the identification of DNA binding sites for transcription factors allow the conclusion that different combinations of transcription factors bind in the ⁇ '-regions upstream of exons 1a, 1c and 1d and thus a tissue and / or effect cell-specific expression of the different VR1 variants.
- Tab. 1 Transcription factor binding sites in the ⁇ 'region upwards of the VR1 exon 1a of the rat.
- the sequence of the rat was analyzed with the aid of the computer program Matlnspector (sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900) with regard to possible DNA binding sites for transcription factors.
- Matlnspector sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900
- the transcription factors identified at the same position as in the mouse sequence are shaded gray in the table.
- the sequence of the mouse was analyzed with the aid of the computer program Matlnspector (sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900) with regard to possible DNA binding sites for transcription factors.
- Matlnspector sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900
- the transcription factors identified in the same position as in the rat sequence are shaded gray in the table.
- the human sequence (AF168787, position 44731 - 43231) was analyzed with the aid of the computer program Matlnspector (sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900) with regard to possible DNA binding sites for transcription factors.
- the transcription factors which were located at the same positions in the sequence of the rat and the mouse and which were not necessarily identified at the same place in the human sequence but in the corresponding sequence section are highlighted in gray.
- the factors cMyb, GATA 1/2/3, GKLF, NFY, NRF2, SOX ⁇ , SREBP1 and SRY were not identified in the se ⁇ se-DNA strand ⁇ '-upwards of the human exon 1a.
- GTCAtcctttccc cagatcccAAATgagt atTGACccacc acccACCTggg ccCACCtggg acctGGGAgcta atgtGGGAgaga gtCAGCaggc gttcACCTgta ttCACCtgta V $ NKX25 01 1 733 (+) 1 1,000 1 0.932 CCAAGTg s / siKi oi i 735 ⁇ +> i l. * 000 1 0.909 aagtGGGAaaaga
- Table 4 Transcription factor binding sites in the 5 'region upwards of the VR1 exon 1d of the rat.
- the sequence of the rat (Fig. 4. Position 1-4549; AC126839, position 83528-88215) was determined with the help of the computer program Matlnspector (sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900) with regard to possible DNA binding sites Transcription factors analyzed. The transcription factors identified at the same position as in the mouse sequence are shaded gray in the table.
- Table 5 Transcription factor binding sites in the 5 'region upwards of the VR1 exon 1d of the mouse.
- the sequence of the mouse (AL663116, position 31673 - 36359) was analyzed with the aid of the computer program Matlnspector (sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900) with regard to possible DNA binding sites for transcription factors.
- Matlnspector sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900
- the transcription factors identified in the same position as in the rat sequence are shaded gray in the table.
- Table 6 Transcription factor binding sites in the 5 'region upwards of the VR1 exon 1d of humans.
- the human sequence (AF168787, position 36616-33151) was analyzed with the aid of the computer program Matlnspector (sense strand, core simil .: 1,000, matrix simil .: 0.900) with regard to possible DNA binding sites for transcription factors.
- cacacttcaATGCc ctTGACtcagg tgtTGGCgtcccgcaggc gtCCCGcaggca ggCAGCtgct gtctGGGAgaga tgTGACtctct tgAAGTg acgcctggAATCccagcactttgg ctttGGGAggcc gagGCAGgtggatga aggCAGGtggat tggaTGACgagg gaTGACgaggt atgacgaGGTCag ccTGACtctac atacaacaATTAgctg tacaACAAttag acaaCAATta atgGCAGgtgcctgc tggCAGGtgcct attcGGGAggct acctGGGAggtg aaagGAAAtga aTGACactga cactGATAgttat ctGATAgttt ggctGG
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10257421 | 2002-12-09 | ||
| DE10257421A DE10257421A1 (de) | 2002-12-09 | 2002-12-09 | Regulatorische Elemente im 5'-Bereich des VR1-Gens |
| PCT/EP2003/013522 WO2004053120A2 (de) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-01 | Regulatorische elemente im 5'-bereich des vr1-gens |
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| EP1569962A2 true EP1569962A2 (de) | 2005-09-07 |
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| EP03778334A Withdrawn EP1569962A2 (de) | 2002-12-09 | 2003-12-01 | Regulatorische elemente im 5'-bereich des vr1-gens |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060154886A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1569962A2 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003285346A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10257421A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004053120A2 (de) |
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| US7253273B2 (en) * | 2004-04-08 | 2007-08-07 | Sangamo Biosciences, Inc. | Treatment of neuropathic pain with zinc finger proteins |
| US7943591B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2011-05-17 | Adynxx, Inc. | Gene expression and pain |
| EP2250184A4 (de) * | 2008-02-08 | 2011-05-04 | Sangamo Biosciences Inc | Behandlung chronischer schmerzen mit zinkfingerproteinen |
| PT2846839T (pt) | 2012-05-10 | 2019-05-29 | Adynxx Inc | Formulações para a administração de ingredientes ativos |
| GB201310853D0 (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-07-31 | Ucb Pharma Sa | Method |
| CN106537149A (zh) | 2014-04-01 | 2017-03-22 | 宝洁公司 | 用于筛选色氨酸通道的方法 |
| RU2017108238A (ru) | 2014-08-15 | 2018-09-17 | Эйдинкс, Инк. | Олигонуклеотиды-приманки для лечения боли |
| ES2912176T3 (es) * | 2015-09-09 | 2022-05-24 | Anges Inc | Señuelo quimérico |
| CA3036897C (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2021-11-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
| US10538881B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2020-01-21 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fibrous structures |
| KR101869308B1 (ko) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-06-20 | 대구가톨릭대학교산학협력단 | Srebp-1 디코이 올리고디옥시뉴클레오티드 및 이를 유효성분으로 함유하는 지방간 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 |
| US11739324B2 (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2023-08-29 | Stichting Katholieke Universiteit | Antisense oligonucleotides rescue aberrant splicing of ABCA4 |
| EP4401794A4 (de) * | 2021-09-16 | 2025-09-17 | Univ Florida | Aav-partikel mit modifizierten invertierten endrepeats für erhöhte genexpression in muskeln |
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| EP1144628A3 (de) * | 1999-11-12 | 2002-02-27 | Abbott Laboratories | Menschliches vanilloid-rezeptorgen |
| AU2001295531A1 (en) * | 2000-09-02 | 2002-03-13 | Grünenthal GmbH | Antisense oligonucleotides against vanilloid receptor 1 |
-
2002
- 2002-12-09 DE DE10257421A patent/DE10257421A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-12-01 WO PCT/EP2003/013522 patent/WO2004053120A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-12-01 AU AU2003285346A patent/AU2003285346A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-12-01 EP EP03778334A patent/EP1569962A2/de not_active Withdrawn
-
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| AU2003285346A1 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
| WO2004053120A2 (de) | 2004-06-24 |
| WO2004053120A3 (de) | 2004-09-16 |
| AU2003285346A8 (en) | 2004-06-30 |
| DE10257421A1 (de) | 2004-07-08 |
| US20060154886A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
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