EP1557498A2 - Concrete prefabricated block for retaining walls with geogrid retention - Google Patents

Abstract

A concrete block for securing slopes and embankments has the block provided with one or more vertical bores (7) through which are pushed pins to secure the block. A geo mat (2) is cast into the block and has an extension section outside the block to secure with backfilling. The vertical pins secure individual blocks and also serve to lock a vertical stack of blocks. Some of the outer surfaces of the blocks can have a surface decoration.

Description

The invention relates to a stackable precast concrete, which can be connected to a geogrid is, in particular for the production of retaining walls of individual elements.

In the prior art are in addition to various slope protection systems and Retaining wall systems various stackable precast concrete elements for the production of Support walls known from individual elements.

According to DE 81 19 371 U1, DE 88 11 825 U1, DE 38 37 243 A1 and AT 004 473 U1 are Stackable elements known for retaining wall systems, where each one above the other arranged elements are interconnected to the stability of this To increase retaining walls.

According to AT 004 473 U 1, a component for the construction of supporting wall elements is known, in the at a cuboidal base element at least on a part of his Bounding surfaces is arranged one or more than one groove, said groove (s) for positive connection of adjoining basic elements a strip-shaped Spring can be used as a connecting element.

According to DE 38 372 43 A1 is a molded block with an endlessly formed side wall and an upper and lower opening for receiving soil or the like for the Production of a wall formed from juxtaposed and stacked form stones known, wherein the side wall has a wall outside and inside area and two has these interconnecting transverse walls, in the upper Stirnendbereich everyone Transverse wall a projecting from the plane of the end face fixing lug and on the inside each transverse wall one from this inwardly projecting and with the lower edge of the transverse wall flush final retaining strip is provided.

According to DE 88 11 825 U 1, a supporting wall is known, which is a substantially plate-shaped Base element, which has a rib running parallel to a side edge, contains wherein a substantially cuboid connecting element, which with one to a Rib matching left groove is provided, is arranged.

A disadvantage of the aforementioned arrangements that these known systems not for Production of relatively high or steep support walls are suitable because these systems after the Principle of a non-anchored and unreinforced heavyweight wall effect.

According to DE 200 11 791.2 U 1 is an arrangement for the construction of supporting structures and Steep slopes with plastic reinforced earth and permanent greening known in the the earth-side area of the embankment is built up of horizontal layers between geosynthetic reinforcements are arranged, in which as a lost formwork serving angled reinforcing mats are arranged and in which for fixing the lost formwork between leg surfaces of the angled reinforcing mats Spacers are arranged. Due to the arrangement of back anchored geotextiles yields For these slopes a good stability and a very good reasonability.

The disadvantage here is that in order to avoid adverse effects on the load capacity Erosion a greening is indispensable.

In addition, it is known to build supporting walls of stackable precast and in the Laying joints in each case arranged on one another arranged stones geotextiles loosely and anchor on the earth side.

The disadvantage here is that a tensile force from the geotextiles in the stackable Forming stones only by friction is only possible if those from the stackable precast formed support wall is exposed to a sufficiently high vertical force. This is however regularly not the case.

The invention has for its object to provide an improved precast concrete, can be built with the easily stable stable retaining walls.

According to the invention, the object with a stackable finished part, which the claim 1 specified features, solved.

Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention provides a stackable precast concrete, with a geogrid is connected, in particular for the production of supporting walls from individual elements, wherein the finished part has at least one vertically continuous recess in the at least one connecting element can be introduced.

By such finished parts with a geogrid and one or more vertically continuous recesses, in each case at least one connecting element can be introduced, it succeeds to a supporting wall with easy to produce back anchoring in which all individual finished parts are directly or indirectly shear-resistant with each other can be connected, whereby the entire support wall is formed shear stiff. Local loads are thus distributed to all parts of the supporting wall. The finished parts are included easy to produce.

An advantageous embodiment provides that the geogrid with another Geogrid is connectable. This additional geogrid can be designed over a large area and deep anchored in the earth. It is advantageous that in the transport state, the finished part only a small area and thus easier against mechanical damage too must have protective geogrid. Alternatively, it is possible to use the geogrid in the Transport state of the finished part rolled up by means of a removable cover to fix to achieve the aforementioned advantage. As a shell is a glued or welded Kuststofffolie.

A high stability of the finished part is in a particular embodiment by a Reinforcement, preferably made of structural steel, possible in the finished part.

According to a further embodiment, a body is for weight reduction in the finished part made of lightweight or arranged in the core of the finished part a cavity. This facilitates the Transport and use of the finished part.

Preferably, the body of lightweight material in the finished part extends to at least one side of the finished part and is removable. This can easily a recess in the finished part without formwork expense, namely to be created later.

According to a further embodiment, the aforementioned recess is substantially formed cuboid and forms a recess at the top and at the back of the finished part. Thus, a greenable finished part is created, which is suitable for use in Support walls according to the invention is suitable. This green finished part has a depth which is about twice as large as the depth of the other finished parts of the retaining wall. It is particularly advantageous to fill the cuboid recess with earth, as these Earth is directly related to the back earth body, so that plantings are well supplied with water.

In a further preferred embodiment, the geogrid is cast in the prefabricated part. As a result, large tensile forces from the finished part in the geogrid can be introduced.

In a further embodiment, assembly loops are arranged on the finished part. These enable easy and safe transport and easy processing of the Prefabricated when building a retaining wall.

In a further embodiment, at least one continuous groove on the finished part (1) is arranged, wherein the at least one groove on the upper, the lower and on the Side surfaces extend, with longitudinally stretched sealing elements inserted into the grooves are. This allows finished parts to be mutually sealed in a retaining wall, so that Rinses of the earth body reduced by joints between installed prefabricated parts or be avoided.

Preferably, at least three grooves are arranged, which are usually parallel run. Such prefabricated parts are suitable for use for a retaining wall, in which a Variety of identical finished parts, each with corresponding grooves is used. there is in each case a groove of each finished part (1) a circumferential, longitudinally stretched Inserted sealing element such that at each intersection of the bearing joint and Butt joint of the support wall offset sealing elements of adjacent finished parts run against each other and do not overlap. In a simple way can at Compliance with simple installation plans dense retaining walls are built.

According to a preferred use of the finished parts for a retaining wall is at least one of the finished parts with one or more other finished parts by with Coupled connection elements. In this connection elements are in corresponding Recesses adjacent or superimposed finished parts respectively partially inserted and secured in the recesses. This will be retaining walls built, which in addition to a high stability and also have a high shear stiffness and thus less prone to deformation.

In a preferred embodiment, geogrids of various finished parts are included coupled together. This results in a uniform Lasesteitung in the earth body allows and local vulnerabilities in the bond between geotextiles and soil be bridged.

Appropriately, below a first layer of finished parts, a soil replacement or arranged a cleanliness layer. This increases the expected life of the Retaining wall.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments.

Figur 1

eine isometrische Darstellung eines einzelnen erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils,

Figur 2

eine zugehörige Seitenansicht,

Figur 3

eine Seitenansicht eines einzelnen erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils in einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Figur 4

einen Schnitt durch eine aus erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteilen hergestellte Stützwand,

Figur 5

einen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils,

Figur 6

eine Draufsicht eines ersten Sonderelementes,

Figur 7

eine Draufsicht eines zweiten Sonderelementes,

Figur 8

einen Ausschnitt einer Ansicht einer aus erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteilen errichteten Stützwand,

Figur 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines einzelnen erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils in einer Ausführungsform mit Aussparung,

Figur 10

eine zugehörige Schnittdarstellung dieses Fertigteils mit anderen Fertigteilen,

Figur 11

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils mit aufgerolltem Geotextil,

Figur 12

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils mit Nuten,

Figur 13

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils mit Nuten im Verbund,

Figur 14

eine Seitenansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Fertigteils mit Nuten im Verbund,

Figur 15

einen ersten Verlegeplan für Fertigteile mit Nuten und

Figur 16

einen zweiten Verlegeplan für Fertigteile mit Nuten.

To show:

FIG. 1

an isometric view of a single finished part according to the invention,

FIG. 2

an associated side view,

FIG. 3

a side view of a single finished part according to the invention in a further embodiment,

FIG. 4

a section through a retaining wall made of finished parts according to the invention,

FIG. 5

a section through a further embodiment of a precast element according to the invention,

FIG. 6

a top view of a first special element,

FIG. 7

a top view of a second special element,

FIG. 8

a detail of a view of a built-up from precast elements of the invention supporting wall,

FIG. 9

3 is a perspective view of a single prefabricated part according to the invention in an embodiment with recess,

FIG. 10

an associated sectional view of this finished part with other finished parts,

FIG. 11

a perspective view of another embodiment of the finished product according to the invention with rolled geotextile,

FIG. 12

a side view of another embodiment of the finished part according to the invention with grooves,

FIG. 13

a side view of another embodiment of the finished part according to the invention with grooves in the composite,

FIG. 14

a side view of another embodiment of the finished part according to the invention with grooves in the composite,

FIG. 15

a first installation plan for precast parts with grooves and

FIG. 16

a second installation plan for precast elements with grooves.

Figure 1 shows a usable as a control element cuboid finished part 1 with an element width of about 1.0 m and an element height and an element depth of about 50 cm, which is made of concrete. In the finished part 1 is a geogrid 2, which consists of plastic and has a tensile strength according to static requirement, concreted. The geogrid 2 can be anchored in an earth body. The finished part has two cylindrical, vertical recesses 7 with an identical diameter of about 5 cm, which are completely enclosed in the radial direction of concrete. In the recesses 7, elongate connecting elements 8, for example steel rods with a diameter of 20 mm, can be introduced and fixed in the course of assembly, for example by mortaring or concreting. In this case, the distances of the geogrid 2 are greater than the diameters of the recesses 7, so that they are arranged relative to the geogrid 2 in its gaps. Otherwise or alternatively, the geogrid 2 may be interrupted in the regions of the recesses 7.

In principle, a finished part 1 may have a single or a plurality of recesses 7. in the If a plurality of recesses 7, these preferably have identical dimensions. The single or multiple recesses 7 may have any cross-sections, for example, square, circular, polygonal or elliptical. The cross section of a Recesses 7 may vary along their longitudinal direction. The measures are the Recesses 7 preferably so large that they are at a maximum assumed Offset superposed prefabricated parts 1 still with recesses adjacent Prefabricated parts 1 overlap at least the thickness of the associated connecting elements 8. Then, in each case one connecting element 8 in the recesses 7 more over lying prefabricated parts 1 are arranged and fastened so that there are at least two Prefabricated parts 1 shear stiff connects. Preferably, in the case of a plurality of recesses 7 these are arranged parallel to each other.

Alternatively, the connecting arrangement of the connecting elements 8 by means of a larger number of smaller recesses 7, in the offset direction in lines are arranged one behind the other, so that the distances of the recesses 7 in this direction specify the possible offset alternatives.

Figure 2 shows a side view of the illustrated in Figure 1, usable as a control element precast 1, which is made of concrete; in the cuboid prefabricated part 1 is a reinforcement 3, which consists of structural steel arranged; the geogrid 2 is cast in the prefabricated part 1 and emerges at right angles from a rear side of the finished part 1 in its lower region. The length of the geogrid 2 arranged outside the finished part 1 is determined by the static design. The reinforcement 3 is arranged so that the recesses 7 are in between. Alternatively, the reinforcement 3 may be interrupted at these locations.

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment; In this case, the finished part 1 is formed trough-shaped. In the bottom cylindrical recesses 7 are arranged for fasteners 8. In the inner region of the finished part 1 is also a cuboid body made of lightweight material 4, namely polystyrene or equivalent, arranged. In the walls and in the bottom portion of the finished part 1, a reinforcement 3 is also arranged, which serves to avoid cracking in the concrete. The geogrid 2 is also arranged in the lower region of the finished part 1.

The surface structure of the finished parts is arbitrarily adjustable, such as fracture gray or as a board formwork structure. Alternatively or additionally, the attachment of a Natural stone veneering possible.

The invention is preferably used to construct non-or teilbegrünbarer and Steep and / or high retaining walls or noise barriers made of individual elements.

Figure 4 shows a supporting wall, which was erected with finished parts 1 according to the invention, in a sectional view. The finished parts 1 are stacked side by side and one above the other, the lower row of finished parts 1 being placed on a cleanliness layer 5. All finished parts 1 with air-side contact have a back anchorage. The finished parts 1 of the upper three rows have a geogrid 2, the length of these geogrids 2 being different in different heights as a result of a static design. Three of the prefabricated parts 1 shown have a relatively short geogrid 2 on their rear side; These geogrids 2 are each connected to a further geogrid 2.1, which causes a back anchoring in an earth body 6. The geogrids 2 of the finished parts 1, which are connected to a further geogrid 2.1, are formed with a unit length. The finished parts 1 can be arranged vertically and / or horizontally, for example, unfurled or be provided with mortared joints 9. In the recesses 7 of the finished parts 1 steel rods are mortared as connecting elements 8, respectively, so that their ends are in two different finished parts 1. As a result, they connect two or three finished parts 1 with each other shear-resistant. By continuing the pairwise or multiple connection, the entire support wall becomes rigid.

FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a finished part 1 according to the invention; the core of this finished part 1 is made of a lightweight material 4, which serves to reduce the weight. The formed of lightweight material 4 core this finished part 1 is completely covered by a reinforced with a reinforcement 3 concrete wall. The recesses 7 penetrate all areas vertically.

FIG. 6 shows the plan view of a first special part 1.1. In this first special section 1.1 is a trimmed from two blocks basic body, which is used for the production of angled in the floor plan support walls. At the back of each partial cuboid, which forms this first special part 1.1, a geogrid 2 is arranged in each case. The special part 1.1 has compatible recesses 7 to the control elements. As a result, it can be connected to other special parts 1.1 or control elements shear resistant.

In the general case, such first special parts 1.1 a prismatic basic shape with have a polygonal floor plan.

Figure 7 shows a second special part 1.2, which is also suitable for the formation of angled in plan view of the support walls, said second special part 1.2 has a prismatic shape, wherein the floor plan of this prismatic body forms a triangle, which is for example isosceles. Also this special part 1.2 has a recess 7 for introduction and attachment of a connecting element 8.

FIG. 8 shows the view of a supporting wall formed from a large number of prefabricated parts 1, wherein third special parts 1.3 are arranged on the lateral boundary of the supporting wall shown on the left, which likewise have a prismatic shape. The prisms shown here have a triangular view. The finished parts 1 are each connected in pairs by mortared steel rods as connecting elements 8 with respect to their vertical arrangement layers.

The illustrated in Figures 6 to 8 special elements 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 are arbitrary Angle can be produced, so that retaining walls with any course in the plan as well as with can be produced arbitrary edge and head training.

The finished parts 1 can, with or without offset, namely perpendicular or inclined, to a Slope front to be stacked.

Figure 9 shows a finished part 1 with two cylindrical, vertically arranged recesses 7 and a rectangular recess 14. The recess 14 extends over the upper and the rear surface of the finished part 1. The depth of the finished part is about twice as large as the depth of the other Prefabricated parts, so that this finished part in the installed state on the air side over the finished parts of lesser depth. The recess 14 serves to receive soil for planting a retaining wall.

Such a planted support wall is shown in Figure 10 in section. The greenable finished part has a depth which is about twice as large as the depth of the other recessless finished parts of the retaining wall. The cuboid recess is filled with earth; this earth is directly connected to the back earth body, so that the plantings are supplied with water.

FIG. 11 shows a prefabricated part 1 according to the invention prior to its use, ie in the transport state. In the finished part 1, a geotextile 2 is embedded in concrete, which is rolled up and fixed by means of a removable cover 13. As a result, the finished part 1 is easier to handle in the transport state; The geogrid 2 is protected against mechanical damage. As a shell 13 is a glued or welded plastic film.

FIG. 12 shows a prefabricated part 1 according to the invention with three encircling triangular grooves 10 and the cylindrical recesses 7 described above. The three grooves 10 run parallel and equally spaced over the upper, the lower and the side surfaces of the finished part 1 Grooves 10 vertical with respect to the basic shape of the finished part 1. It is also possible to produce this embodiment of the finished part 1 without recesses 7.

FIG. 13 shows a modification of the finished part 1 shown in FIG. 12. Here, three parallel, equally spaced triangular grooves 10 are arranged circumferentially. The air side of the finished part is formed inclined according to the intended support wall inclination. The recesses 7 are not shown here. At the side surfaces, the grooves are parallel with respect to the air-side surface of the support wall. The prefabricated parts 1 shown are suitable for use for a retaining wall, in which a plurality of identical finished parts, each with corresponding grooves is used. For this purpose, in each case a groove 10 of each finished part 1, a circumferential, longitudinally stretched sealing element 11 is inserted such that at each intersection of the bearing joint and butt joint of the support wall sealing elements each adjacent finished parts offset from each other and do not overlap. As sealing element 11 a bentonite round cord is used here. Alternatively, sealing members 11 made of rubber or injection hoses may be used. In the upper finished part 1, the sealing element 11 is inserted into the first groove 10 viewed from the air side; in the lower finished part 1, the sealing element 11 is inserted into the third groove 10 viewed from the air side; As a result, the sealing elements 11 of adjacent finished parts 1 do not touch. The thickness of the sealing elements 11 is selected and the modulus of elasticity of the sealing elements 11 is selected so that it fills two corresponding grooves 10 of two finished parts 1, wherein a defined gap between the finished parts 1 remains. The front portion of this gap, so the bearing joint is filled with mortar 12. It is also possible to produce this embodiment of the finished part 1 without recesses 7.

FIG. 14 shows a further modification of the finished part 1 shown in FIG. 12. Here, four parallel, equally spaced triangular grooves 10 are arranged circumferentially. The air side of the finished parts 1 is formed vertically. In the recesses 7 a reinforcing rod is shown here, which is concreted in as a connecting element 8. On the side surfaces, the grooves run parallel with respect to the air-side surface of the finished parts 1. The scheduled offset one above the other to be arranged precast parts 1 is denoted by v. It is important that the spacing of the grooves 10 is also v. The prefabricated parts 1 shown are suitable for use for a supporting wall, in which a multiplicity of identical prefabricated parts, each having corresponding grooves 10, are used. Again, in each case a groove 10 of each finished part 1, a circumferential, longitudinally stretched sealing element 11 inserted such that offset at each intersection of the bearing joint and butt joint of the support wall sealing elements each adjacent finished parts against each other and do not overlap. As the sealing member 11 rubber is used here. Alternatively, sealing elements 11 made of bentonite round cord or injection hoses can be used. In the upper finished part 1, the sealing element 11 is inserted into the third groove 10 viewed from the air side; in the lower finished part 1, the sealing element 11 is inserted into the second groove 10 viewed from the air side; As a result, the sealing elements 11 of the finished parts do not touch each other: The two adjacent and not shown prefabricated parts 1 of the prefabricated part 1 shown above carry their sealing element in the second and in the fourth joint. The thickness of the sealing elements 11 is also selected and the modulus of elasticity of the sealing elements 11 is selected so that it fills two corresponding grooves 10 of two finished parts 1, with a defined gap between the finished parts 1 remains. It is also possible to produce this embodiment of the finished part 1 without recesses 7

Figure 15 shows a laying plan for finished parts 1 with grooves 10 for a supporting wall in association with continuous bearing joints, with a maximum of three finished parts 1 abut each other. The laying plan shows prefabricated parts to be laid, in which the numbers of the respective grooves 10 are entered, in which the respective sealing element 11 is to be inserted. According to this laying plan, inclined supporting walls are erected without offsets using the finished parts 1 shown in FIG. 13 or vertical supporting walls using the finished parts 1 shown in FIG. 12 or inclined supporting walls with offsets using the finished parts 1 shown in FIG. When erecting according to the installation plan shown ensures that at each intersection of the bearing joint and butt joint of the support wall sealing elements 11 each adjacent finished parts offset from each other and do not overlap or touch.

FIG. 16 shows a laying plan for finished parts 1 with grooves 10 for a retaining wall in association with continuous bearing joints and with continuous butt joints, that is to say that in each case four finished parts 1 abut one another. The laying plan shows prefabricated parts to be laid, in which the numbers of the respective grooves 10 are entered, in which the respective sealing element 11 is to be inserted. According to this laying plan inclined support walls without offsets using the finished parts 1 shown in Figure 13 - but with four parallel grooves 10 - or vertical support walls using the finished parts 1 shown in Figure 14 - but without offset - built. When erecting according to the installation plan shown ensures that at each intersection of the bearing joint and butt joint of the support wall sealing elements 11 each adjacent finished parts offset from each other and do not overlap or touch.

It is also possible to arrange five or more parallel grooves 10 on the finished parts 1. As a result, with cuboid prefabricated with vertical to the side surfaces extending grooves 10 layerwise offsets are realized, which also ensured is that at each intersection of bearing joint and butt joint of the retaining wall Sealing elements 11 each adjacent finished parts offset from each other and run do not overlap or touch.

In a particular embodiment, at least one of the finished parts 1 with an air side Covering or an optically visible profiling provided. Preferably, all Prefabricated parts 1 of a retaining wall visually uniform.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

precast

1.1

first special part

1.2

second special part

1.3

third special part

2

geogrid

2.1

another geogrid

3

reinforcement

4

lightweight

5

subbase

6

earths

7

recess

8th

connecting element

9

Gap

10

groove

11

sealing element

12

mortar

13

shell

14

recess

Claims (12)

Stackable prefabricated part (1) made of concrete, which is connected to a geogrid (2), in particular for the production of supporting walls of individual elements, characterized in that the finished part (1) at least one vertically continuous recess (7), in which at least one Connecting element (8) can be introduced. Prefabricated part (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the geogrid (2) for extension with another geogrid (2.1) is connectable or that the geogrid (2) is rolled up in the transport state, wherein the rolled geogrid (2) by means of a removable Case (13) is fixable. Prefabricated part (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by a reinforcement (3) in the finished part (1). Prefabricated part (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for weight reduction in the finished part (1) a body made of lightweight material (4) is arranged or that in the finished part (1) a cavity is arranged. Prefabricated part (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the body of lightweight material (4) in the finished part (1) extends to at least one side of the finished part (1) and is removable or that in the finished part (1) has a recess ( 14) is arranged to at least one side of the finished part (1). Prefabricated part (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the recess (14) is substantially parallelepiped-shaped and forms a recess at the top and at the back of the finished part (1). Prefabricated part (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the geogrid (2) is cast in the prefabricated part (1). Prefabricated part (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the finished part (1) at least one continuous groove (10) is arranged, wherein the at least one groove (10) extend over the upper, the lower and over the side surfaces, wherein longitudinally stretched sealing elements (11) in the grooves (10) can be inserted. Prefabricated part (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that at least three grooves (10) are arranged. Use of prefabricated parts (1) according to one of the preceding claims for a supporting wall, characterized in that at least one of the finished parts (1) is coupled to one or more other prefabricated parts (1) by at least one connecting element (8), wherein the connecting element (8 ) In each of the recesses (7) at least two finished parts (1) is partially introduced and secured there. Use according to claim 10, characterized in that geogrids (2) of different finished parts (1) are coupled to one another. Use of prefabricated parts (1) according to claim 9 for a retaining wall, characterized in that a plurality of identical prefabricated parts (1) are used, each with corresponding grooves (10), wherein in a groove (10) of each finished part (1) is a circumferential, longitudinal Stretched sealing element (11) is inserted in such a way that at each intersection of the bearing joint and butt joint of the support wall sealing elements (11) each adjacent finished parts (1) offset from each other and do not overlap.

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