EP1556932B1 - Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre - Google Patents
Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1556932B1 EP1556932B1 EP03778403A EP03778403A EP1556932B1 EP 1556932 B1 EP1556932 B1 EP 1556932B1 EP 03778403 A EP03778403 A EP 03778403A EP 03778403 A EP03778403 A EP 03778403A EP 1556932 B1 EP1556932 B1 EP 1556932B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- combustion chamber
- ignition device
- passages
- igniter
- thermal conductivity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical class [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001033 CuAl10Fe5Ni5 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 229910000798 CuZn10 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000793 CuZn15 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 241001275902 Parabramis pekinensis Species 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012421 spiking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 208000031968 Cadaver Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000773 CuAl5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 CuAl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000570 Cupronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
- F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
- F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ignition device for an internal combustion engine, as well as to a precombustion igniter.
- the ignition device comprises a primer igniter which can be screwed in place of a conventional spark plug without modification of the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine (diameter less than or equal to 14 mm), the ignition means of an oxidant and fuel mixture being contained in a prechamber defined by a body whose head is provided with passages.
- the prechamber of the igniter is separated from the main combustion chamber of the engine by the head of the prechamber body and communicates with the main combustion chamber by the intermediate passages in this head.
- the prechamber lighter may optionally be provided with means for directly introducing the reagents into the prechamber.
- the patent US 4,926,818 discloses a device and method for generating pulsed jets for forming vortex combustion pockets.
- the described device comprises a main chamber containing a main fuel mixture in which a piston and a prechamber receiving reagents and communicating with the main chamber by orifices in a wall moves. Ignition of the reactants in the prechamber produces burning gas jets, which ignite the main mixture contained in the main chamber by convection of the flame front.
- the orifices are of small diameter and able to prevent the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds from the combustion of the reagents contained in the prechamber.
- the compression system and the seeding of the main mixture into the unstable compounds allow mass self-ignition of the initial mixture.
- the patent application FR 2,810,692 also relates to an ignition device of an internal combustion engine comprising a prechamber of generally cylindrical shape, similar to that described in the application FR 2 781 840 , but whose passages communicating with the main combustion chamber are circumscribed by a circular curve passing through the outermost passage centers, the diameter of this circular curve being in a ratio less than or equal to 1 ⁇ 2 with the diameter of the cylindrical prechamber .
- This arrangement allows the operation of the engine with a small amount of combustion air, particularly when the composition of the air-fuel mixture in the main chamber is stoichiometric, for reasons of pollution with a three-way catalyst.
- the prechamber body is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of at least 30 W / K / m, more preferably at least 50 W / K / m.
- the thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of the material in which the body of the prechamber is made does not exceed 350 W / K / m.
- the material constituting the antechamber body according to the invention is chosen from binary brass, cupro-nickel, cupro-aluminum and nickel silver.
- the composition of these alloys is given by standard NF A51-101
- a particularly preferred material for the antechamber body according to the invention is CuCr1Zr alloy, whose thermal conductivity at 20 ° C is 320 W / K / m.
- This alloy comprises, by weight, more than 0.4% of chromium, 0.02 to 0.1% of zirconium, the complement to 100% being copper.
- alloys of high thermal conductivity are particularly suitable for precombustion igniters intended to be used with highly turbocharged internal combustion engines, ie having an Effective Mean Pressure of greater than or equal to 13 bars.
- engines for compressors or turbochargers for compressors or turbochargers.
- the combustion mode resulting from the use of the ignition device according to the invention ensures a sufficient rate of combustion to dispense with an increase in the rate of combustion via aerodynamics.
- the ignition of the main mixture contained in the main chamber is by convection of the flame front from the ignition of the reagents contained in the prechamber.
- the passage or passages are preferably of cylindrical shape and of diameter greater than 1 mm.
- the passage or passages are able to prevent the propagation of a flame front while allowing the propagation of unstable compounds from the combustion of the reagents contained in the antechamber, the compression system of the main chamber and seeding the main mixture into said unstable compounds allowing mass self-ignition of the main mixture.
- the self-ignition in a large volume allows a very rapid increase in pressure, a decrease in rattling and good repeatability.
- the one or more passages are preferably of cylindrical shape and of diameter less than or equal to 1 mm.
- said passage or passages have a length less than or equal to their diameter. Length means the dimension of the passages in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the partition wall. In this way, the least possible unstable compounds are trapped in the walls.
- the number of passage (s) is between 1 and 20, preferably between 3 and 15.
- the ratio d 2 / ⁇ is less than or equal to 1/3.
- the center of the curve passing through the centers of the outermost passages is located on the axis of symmetry of the prechamber.
- the center of the curve passing through the centers of the outermost passages may be located at a distance d 3 from the axis of symmetry of the prechamber, equal to or greater than a quarter of the diameter ⁇ of the prechamber.
- the invention also relates to an igniter for an internal combustion engine comprising a prechamber defined by a prechamber body having a head provided with at least one passage, the antechamber being intended to contain a fuel mixture, and an ignition system of the mixture.
- fuel contained in the antechamber characterized in that the antechamber body is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of at least 10 W / K / m. Preferably at least 30 W / K / m, more preferably at least 50 W / K / m, and less than or equal to 350 W / K / m.
- the prechamber body is made of a copper alloy. More preferably, the material constituting the antechamber body according to the invention is chosen from binary brass, cupro-nickel, cupro-aluminum and nickel silver.
- a particularly preferred material for the antechamber body of the igniter according to the invention is CuCr1Zr alloy, whose thermal conductivity at 20 ° C is 320 W / K / m.
- the Figure 1 is a schematic view, partially in section, of an ignition device comprising a prechamber igniter according to the invention.
- the Figure 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the antechamber body of an igniter according to the invention.
- the Figure 3 is a bottom view of the head of an antechamber body of an igniter according to the invention.
- a cylinder of an internal combustion engine shown on the Figure 1 , comprises a main chamber 1 delimited by a liner (not shown) and closed upperly by a cylinder head 10.
- the main chamber 1 contains a piston (not shown) actuated in translation by a connecting rod (not shown).
- An igniter 11 with antechamber according to the invention is fixed in the yoke 10 so as to be contiguous to the main chamber 1, for example by screwing in a tapping 10a of the yoke 10.
- the igniter 11 comprises a prechamber body 12, of generally tubular shape, comprising a head 12a, preferably having the shape of a spherical cap, defining a prechamber 2.
- the head 12a of the antechamber body 12 constitutes a separation wall between the main chamber 1 and the prechamber 2.
- the head 12a communicates the antechamber 2 with the main chamber 1 through passages (15).
- the antechamber body 12 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of at least 10 W / K / m, preferably at least 20 W / K / m, more preferably at least 50 W / cm. K / m. Generally, the thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of the material in which the prechamber body is made does not exceed 350 W / K / m.
- prechamber body 12 is made of CuCr1Zr alloy, whose thermal conductivity at 20 ° C. is 320 W / K / m.
- prechamber 2 has a volume of between 0.2 cm 3 and 2 cm 3 , preferably between 0.5 cm 3 and 1.5 cm 3 .
- the ratio SN between the sum of the sections of the passages 15 of the prechamber and the volume of the prechamber is between 10 -3 mm -1 and 5.10 -2 mm -1 .
- the igniter may further comprise an inlet (not shown) for feeding pre-chamber 2 into a mixture of upstream air-fuel reactants or introducing fuel, the air being mixed with the fuel in the prechamber 2.
- the antechamber is provided with an ignition system comprising a central electrode 13 and a ground electrode 14.
- the inter-electrode space is for example of the order of 0.7 mm.
- the passages 15 are orifices preferably having a diameter greater than 1 mm.
- the passages 15 When it is desired to prevent, during ignition, the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds (ignition of the main mixture by auto-ignition), the passages 15 then have a small diameter, generally less than 1 mm, and advantageously a length less than their diameter.
- the passages 15 advantageously belong to a circle of diameter d 2 corresponding substantially to half the diameter ⁇ of the prechamber.
- the center of this circle may be on the axis of symmetry 2b of the prechamber 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 .
- the center of this circle may also be located at a distance d 3 from the axis of symmetry 2b of the prechamber 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 on which passages numbering 8 are represented.
- An air-fuel mixture is introduced into the main chamber and pre-chamber 2 is fed.
- a spark is then produced between the electrodes 13 and 14, thereby triggering the combustion in prechamber 2, so that the temperature and the pressure increase. his breast.
- the high thermal conductivity of the prechamber body makes it possible to evacuate the energy at the prechamber body and thus to avoid the appearance of hot spots.
- the resulting combustion mode ensures a sufficient rate of combustion to dispense with an increase in the rate of combustion via aerodynamics.
Landscapes
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0213017 | 2002-10-18 | ||
FR0213017A FR2846042B1 (fr) | 2002-10-18 | 2002-10-18 | Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre |
PCT/FR2003/003083 WO2004036709A1 (fr) | 2002-10-18 | 2003-10-17 | Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1556932A1 EP1556932A1 (fr) | 2005-07-27 |
EP1556932B1 true EP1556932B1 (fr) | 2008-07-09 |
Family
ID=32050530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03778403A Expired - Lifetime EP1556932B1 (fr) | 2002-10-18 | 2003-10-17 | Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7104245B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1556932B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2006503218A (ja) |
AT (1) | ATE400912T1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE60322089D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2307997T3 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2846042B1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2004036709A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8461750B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2013-06-11 | Woodward, Inc. | Pre-chamber spark plug and electrodes therefor |
US8839762B1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-09-23 | Woodward, Inc. | Multi-chamber igniter |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8127741B2 (en) * | 2003-05-30 | 2012-03-06 | In Tae Johng | Ignition plugs for internal combustion engine |
JP4473802B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-15 | 2010-06-02 | ヤンマー株式会社 | 火花点火機関 |
JP2007113536A (ja) * | 2005-10-24 | 2007-05-10 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 副室式内燃機関 |
US7798118B2 (en) * | 2007-01-12 | 2010-09-21 | Econo Plug Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for incorporation of a flame front—type ignition system into an internal combustion engine |
DE102009000956A1 (de) | 2009-02-18 | 2010-08-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Laserzündkerze und Vorkammermodul hierfür |
DE102009047019A1 (de) * | 2009-11-23 | 2011-05-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Laserzündkerze |
DE102010003899A1 (de) | 2010-04-13 | 2011-10-13 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Laserzündkerze mit einer Vorkammer |
US8584648B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2013-11-19 | Woodward, Inc. | Controlled spark ignited flame kernel flow |
US9476347B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2016-10-25 | Woodward, Inc. | Controlled spark ignited flame kernel flow in fuel-fed prechambers |
US9172217B2 (en) | 2010-11-23 | 2015-10-27 | Woodward, Inc. | Pre-chamber spark plug with tubular electrode and method of manufacturing same |
US9217360B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2015-12-22 | Cummins Intellectual Property, Inc. | Prechamber device for internal combustion engine |
US9856848B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 | 2018-01-02 | Woodward, Inc. | Quiescent chamber hot gas igniter |
JP6030473B2 (ja) * | 2013-02-20 | 2016-11-24 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 点火プラグ及びエンジン |
US9765682B2 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2017-09-19 | Woodward, Inc. | Multi-chamber igniter |
DE102013221963B4 (de) | 2013-10-29 | 2019-10-17 | Dkt Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Vorkammerzündkerze |
US9593622B2 (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2017-03-14 | Caterpillar Inc. | Combustion system, nozzle for prechamber assembly, and method of making same |
US9653886B2 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2017-05-16 | Woodward, Inc. | Cap shielded ignition system |
WO2016154056A1 (en) | 2015-03-20 | 2016-09-29 | Woodward, Inc. | Parallel prechamber ignition system |
EP3095981A1 (en) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-23 | Caterpillar Motoren GmbH & Co. KG | Counter flow ignition in internal combustion engines |
US9890689B2 (en) | 2015-10-29 | 2018-02-13 | Woodward, Inc. | Gaseous fuel combustion |
US20160053672A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-02-25 | Caterpillar Inc. | Fuel supply system for engine |
JP6556037B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-04 | 2019-08-07 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関及び点火プラグ |
DE102016206992A1 (de) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-10-26 | Dkt Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Zündkerze |
JP7001634B2 (ja) * | 2019-05-07 | 2022-01-19 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
JP7365790B2 (ja) | 2019-05-20 | 2023-10-20 | 株式会社デンソー | 内燃機関及びスパークプラグ |
DE102020103863B4 (de) | 2020-02-14 | 2023-04-27 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Fremd gezündete Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Vorkammerzündsystem |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2047575A (en) * | 1935-07-02 | 1936-07-14 | Richard J Burtnett | Spark plug |
US2739578A (en) * | 1950-07-20 | 1956-03-27 | Daimler Benz Ag | Precombustion diesel engine |
US3892216A (en) * | 1973-10-23 | 1975-07-01 | Eaton Corp | Composite article and method of making same |
US4176649A (en) * | 1976-05-10 | 1979-12-04 | Toyota Motor Company, Ltd. | Emission control |
DE3303048C2 (de) * | 1982-06-18 | 1984-11-29 | Feldmühle AG, 4000 Düsseldorf | Vor- oder Wirbelkammer für Verbrennungsmotoren und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
US4926818A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1990-05-22 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Pulsed jet combustion generator for premixed charge engines |
JP3073118B2 (ja) * | 1993-04-20 | 2000-08-07 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 筒内噴射式内燃機関 |
DE19734970A1 (de) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-02-18 | Volkswagen Ag | Bauteil für ein Kraftfahrzeug, vorzugsweise ein Zylinderkopf einer Brennkraftmaschine |
FR2781840B1 (fr) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-10-13 | Univ Orleans | Dispositif et procede d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne et paroi de separation correspondante |
FR2810692B1 (fr) * | 2000-06-23 | 2002-11-29 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Dispositif d'allumage pour moteur a combustion interne a prechambre |
-
2002
- 2002-10-18 FR FR0213017A patent/FR2846042B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-10-17 US US10/531,722 patent/US7104245B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-17 WO PCT/FR2003/003083 patent/WO2004036709A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2003-10-17 EP EP03778403A patent/EP1556932B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-17 DE DE60322089T patent/DE60322089D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-17 AT AT03778403T patent/ATE400912T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-17 JP JP2004544402A patent/JP2006503218A/ja active Pending
- 2003-10-17 ES ES03778403T patent/ES2307997T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8461750B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2013-06-11 | Woodward, Inc. | Pre-chamber spark plug and electrodes therefor |
US8657641B2 (en) | 2009-09-11 | 2014-02-25 | Woodward Inc. | Method for forming an electrode for a spark plug |
US8839762B1 (en) | 2013-06-10 | 2014-09-23 | Woodward, Inc. | Multi-chamber igniter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006503218A (ja) | 2006-01-26 |
EP1556932A1 (fr) | 2005-07-27 |
US7104245B2 (en) | 2006-09-12 |
FR2846042B1 (fr) | 2005-02-04 |
ATE400912T1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
DE60322089D1 (de) | 2008-08-21 |
ES2307997T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
WO2004036709A1 (fr) | 2004-04-29 |
US20050268882A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
FR2846042A1 (fr) | 2004-04-23 |
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