EP1556932B1 - Zündvorrichtung mit vorzündkammer hergestellt aus einem material mit höher thermischer leitfähigkeit, für verbrennungsmotor und zünder mit vorzündkammer - Google Patents

Zündvorrichtung mit vorzündkammer hergestellt aus einem material mit höher thermischer leitfähigkeit, für verbrennungsmotor und zünder mit vorzündkammer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1556932B1
EP1556932B1 EP03778403A EP03778403A EP1556932B1 EP 1556932 B1 EP1556932 B1 EP 1556932B1 EP 03778403 A EP03778403 A EP 03778403A EP 03778403 A EP03778403 A EP 03778403A EP 1556932 B1 EP1556932 B1 EP 1556932B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
ignition device
passages
igniter
thermal conductivity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03778403A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1556932A1 (de
Inventor
Cyril Robinet
Nicolas Tourteaux
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PSA Automobiles SA
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Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA
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Publication of EP1556932A1 publication Critical patent/EP1556932A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P9/00—Electric spark ignition control, not otherwise provided for
    • F02P9/002—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression
    • F02P9/007—Control of spark intensity, intensifying, lengthening, suppression by supplementary electrical discharge in the pre-ionised electrode interspace of the sparking plug, e.g. plasma jet ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ignition device for an internal combustion engine, as well as to a precombustion igniter.
  • the ignition device comprises a primer igniter which can be screwed in place of a conventional spark plug without modification of the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine (diameter less than or equal to 14 mm), the ignition means of an oxidant and fuel mixture being contained in a prechamber defined by a body whose head is provided with passages.
  • the prechamber of the igniter is separated from the main combustion chamber of the engine by the head of the prechamber body and communicates with the main combustion chamber by the intermediate passages in this head.
  • the prechamber lighter may optionally be provided with means for directly introducing the reagents into the prechamber.
  • the patent US 4,926,818 discloses a device and method for generating pulsed jets for forming vortex combustion pockets.
  • the described device comprises a main chamber containing a main fuel mixture in which a piston and a prechamber receiving reagents and communicating with the main chamber by orifices in a wall moves. Ignition of the reactants in the prechamber produces burning gas jets, which ignite the main mixture contained in the main chamber by convection of the flame front.
  • the orifices are of small diameter and able to prevent the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds from the combustion of the reagents contained in the prechamber.
  • the compression system and the seeding of the main mixture into the unstable compounds allow mass self-ignition of the initial mixture.
  • the patent application FR 2,810,692 also relates to an ignition device of an internal combustion engine comprising a prechamber of generally cylindrical shape, similar to that described in the application FR 2 781 840 , but whose passages communicating with the main combustion chamber are circumscribed by a circular curve passing through the outermost passage centers, the diameter of this circular curve being in a ratio less than or equal to 1 ⁇ 2 with the diameter of the cylindrical prechamber .
  • This arrangement allows the operation of the engine with a small amount of combustion air, particularly when the composition of the air-fuel mixture in the main chamber is stoichiometric, for reasons of pollution with a three-way catalyst.
  • the prechamber body is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of at least 30 W / K / m, more preferably at least 50 W / K / m.
  • the thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of the material in which the body of the prechamber is made does not exceed 350 W / K / m.
  • the material constituting the antechamber body according to the invention is chosen from binary brass, cupro-nickel, cupro-aluminum and nickel silver.
  • the composition of these alloys is given by standard NF A51-101
  • a particularly preferred material for the antechamber body according to the invention is CuCr1Zr alloy, whose thermal conductivity at 20 ° C is 320 W / K / m.
  • This alloy comprises, by weight, more than 0.4% of chromium, 0.02 to 0.1% of zirconium, the complement to 100% being copper.
  • alloys of high thermal conductivity are particularly suitable for precombustion igniters intended to be used with highly turbocharged internal combustion engines, ie having an Effective Mean Pressure of greater than or equal to 13 bars.
  • engines for compressors or turbochargers for compressors or turbochargers.
  • the combustion mode resulting from the use of the ignition device according to the invention ensures a sufficient rate of combustion to dispense with an increase in the rate of combustion via aerodynamics.
  • the ignition of the main mixture contained in the main chamber is by convection of the flame front from the ignition of the reagents contained in the prechamber.
  • the passage or passages are preferably of cylindrical shape and of diameter greater than 1 mm.
  • the passage or passages are able to prevent the propagation of a flame front while allowing the propagation of unstable compounds from the combustion of the reagents contained in the antechamber, the compression system of the main chamber and seeding the main mixture into said unstable compounds allowing mass self-ignition of the main mixture.
  • the self-ignition in a large volume allows a very rapid increase in pressure, a decrease in rattling and good repeatability.
  • the one or more passages are preferably of cylindrical shape and of diameter less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • said passage or passages have a length less than or equal to their diameter. Length means the dimension of the passages in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the partition wall. In this way, the least possible unstable compounds are trapped in the walls.
  • the number of passage (s) is between 1 and 20, preferably between 3 and 15.
  • the ratio d 2 / ⁇ is less than or equal to 1/3.
  • the center of the curve passing through the centers of the outermost passages is located on the axis of symmetry of the prechamber.
  • the center of the curve passing through the centers of the outermost passages may be located at a distance d 3 from the axis of symmetry of the prechamber, equal to or greater than a quarter of the diameter ⁇ of the prechamber.
  • the invention also relates to an igniter for an internal combustion engine comprising a prechamber defined by a prechamber body having a head provided with at least one passage, the antechamber being intended to contain a fuel mixture, and an ignition system of the mixture.
  • fuel contained in the antechamber characterized in that the antechamber body is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of at least 10 W / K / m. Preferably at least 30 W / K / m, more preferably at least 50 W / K / m, and less than or equal to 350 W / K / m.
  • the prechamber body is made of a copper alloy. More preferably, the material constituting the antechamber body according to the invention is chosen from binary brass, cupro-nickel, cupro-aluminum and nickel silver.
  • a particularly preferred material for the antechamber body of the igniter according to the invention is CuCr1Zr alloy, whose thermal conductivity at 20 ° C is 320 W / K / m.
  • the Figure 1 is a schematic view, partially in section, of an ignition device comprising a prechamber igniter according to the invention.
  • the Figure 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view of the antechamber body of an igniter according to the invention.
  • the Figure 3 is a bottom view of the head of an antechamber body of an igniter according to the invention.
  • a cylinder of an internal combustion engine shown on the Figure 1 , comprises a main chamber 1 delimited by a liner (not shown) and closed upperly by a cylinder head 10.
  • the main chamber 1 contains a piston (not shown) actuated in translation by a connecting rod (not shown).
  • An igniter 11 with antechamber according to the invention is fixed in the yoke 10 so as to be contiguous to the main chamber 1, for example by screwing in a tapping 10a of the yoke 10.
  • the igniter 11 comprises a prechamber body 12, of generally tubular shape, comprising a head 12a, preferably having the shape of a spherical cap, defining a prechamber 2.
  • the head 12a of the antechamber body 12 constitutes a separation wall between the main chamber 1 and the prechamber 2.
  • the head 12a communicates the antechamber 2 with the main chamber 1 through passages (15).
  • the antechamber body 12 is made of a material having a thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of at least 10 W / K / m, preferably at least 20 W / K / m, more preferably at least 50 W / cm. K / m. Generally, the thermal conductivity at 20 ° C of the material in which the prechamber body is made does not exceed 350 W / K / m.
  • prechamber body 12 is made of CuCr1Zr alloy, whose thermal conductivity at 20 ° C. is 320 W / K / m.
  • prechamber 2 has a volume of between 0.2 cm 3 and 2 cm 3 , preferably between 0.5 cm 3 and 1.5 cm 3 .
  • the ratio SN between the sum of the sections of the passages 15 of the prechamber and the volume of the prechamber is between 10 -3 mm -1 and 5.10 -2 mm -1 .
  • the igniter may further comprise an inlet (not shown) for feeding pre-chamber 2 into a mixture of upstream air-fuel reactants or introducing fuel, the air being mixed with the fuel in the prechamber 2.
  • the antechamber is provided with an ignition system comprising a central electrode 13 and a ground electrode 14.
  • the inter-electrode space is for example of the order of 0.7 mm.
  • the passages 15 are orifices preferably having a diameter greater than 1 mm.
  • the passages 15 When it is desired to prevent, during ignition, the passage of a flame front while allowing the passage of unstable compounds (ignition of the main mixture by auto-ignition), the passages 15 then have a small diameter, generally less than 1 mm, and advantageously a length less than their diameter.
  • the passages 15 advantageously belong to a circle of diameter d 2 corresponding substantially to half the diameter ⁇ of the prechamber.
  • the center of this circle may be on the axis of symmetry 2b of the prechamber 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 .
  • the center of this circle may also be located at a distance d 3 from the axis of symmetry 2b of the prechamber 2, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 on which passages numbering 8 are represented.
  • An air-fuel mixture is introduced into the main chamber and pre-chamber 2 is fed.
  • a spark is then produced between the electrodes 13 and 14, thereby triggering the combustion in prechamber 2, so that the temperature and the pressure increase. his breast.
  • the high thermal conductivity of the prechamber body makes it possible to evacuate the energy at the prechamber body and thus to avoid the appearance of hot spots.
  • the resulting combustion mode ensures a sufficient rate of combustion to dispense with an increase in the rate of combustion via aerodynamics.

Landscapes

  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Zündvorrichtung eines Verbrennungsmotors, umfassend:
    - eine Hauptkammer (1), die dazu bestimmt ist, ein Hauptbrennstoffgemisch zu enthalten, und mit einem System zur Verdichtung dieses Gemischs ausgestattet,
    - einen Zünder (11), eine Vorkammer (2) umfassend, die dazu bestimmt ist, Reaktionsmittel aufzunehmen, und ein Zündsystem (13, 14) der in der Vorkammer enthaltenen Reaktionsmittel, wobei die Vorkammer (2) durch einen Vorkammerkörper (12) mit einem Kopf (12a) definiert ist, der mindestens einen Durchgang (15) aufweist, wobei der Kopf (12a) des Vorkammerkörpers die Vorkammer (2) von der Hauptkammer (1) abteilt und die Vorkammer (2) mit der Hauptkammer (1) über den oder die Durchgänge (15) kommunizieren lässt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorkammerkörper (12) aus einem Material mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit bei 20 °C von mindestens 10 W/K/m hergestellt ist.
  2. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorkammerkörper (12) aus einem Material mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit bei 20 °C von mindestens 30 W/K/m, vorzugsweise von mindestens 50 W/K/m, hergestellt ist.
  3. Zündvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorkammerkörper (12) aus einem Material mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit bei 20 °C von unter oder gleich 350 W/K/m hergestellt ist.
  4. Zündvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Vorkammerkörper (12) bildende Material aus den Kupferlegierungen ausgewählt ist.
  5. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den erfindungsgemäßen Vorkammerkörper bildende Material aus den binären Messinglegierungen, den Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen, den Kupfer-Aluminium-Legierungen und den Neusilbern ausgewählt ist.
  6. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den erfindungsgemäßen Vorkammerkörper bildende Material aus den Legierungen CuZn5, CuZn10, CuZn15, CuZn20, CuZn30, CuZn33, CuZn36, CuZn37, CuZn40, CuNi44Mn, CuNi5Fe, CuA15, CuA16, CuA110Fe5Ni5, CuNi10Zn27, CuNi12Zn24, CuNi15Zn21, CuNi18Zn20, CuNi18Zn27, CuNi10Zn42Pb2 und CuNi18Zn19Pb1 ausgewählt ist, vorzugsweise die Legierung CuZn5.
  7. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Vorkammerkörper (12) bildende Material CuCr1Zr ist.
  8. Zündvorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Durchgänge (15) zylindrisch geformt sind und einen Durchmesser von über 1 mm haben.
  9. Zündvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Durchgänge (15) in der Lage sind, die Ausbreitung einer Flammenfront zu verhindern und dabei die Ausbreitung von instabilen Verbindungen aus der Verbrennung der in der Vorkammer (2) enthaltenen Reaktionsmittel zu gestatten, wobei das Verdichtungssystem der Hauptkammer (1) und die Beimpfung des Hauptgemischs mit den besagten instabilen Verbindungen eine Selbstzündung in der Masse des Hauptgemischs erlauben.
  10. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Durchgänge (15) zylindrisch geformt sind und einen Durchmesser von weniger oder gleich 1 mm haben.
  11. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Durchgänge (15) eine Länge haben, die kleiner oder gleich ihrem Durchmesser ist.
  12. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, 10 oder 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der obere Abschnitt des Vorkammerkörpers (12), der nicht an die Hauptkammer angrenzt, die Form eines Zylinders mit einem Innendurchmesser von Φ hat, und
    - der Kopf des Vorkammerkörpers mehrere Durchgänge (15) umfasst, wobei diese Durchgänge von einer kreisförmigen Kurve mit einem Durchmesser d2 umschrieben wird, die durch die Mitten der äußersten Durchgänge (15) verläuft, wobei das Verhältnis d2/Φ kleiner oder gleich 0,5 ist.
  13. Zündvorrichtung nach vorangehendem Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis d2/Φ kleiner oder gleich 1/3 ist.
  14. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zentrum der Kurve, die durch die Mitten der äußersten Durchgänge (15) verläuft, auf der Symmetrieachse (2b) der Vorkammer (2) liegt.
  15. Zündvorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das Zentrum der Kurve, die durch die Mitten der äußersten Durchgänge verläuft, in einem Abstand d3 von der Symmetrieachse (2b) der Vorkammer (2) befindet, wobei der Abstand d3 gleich oder größer ist als ein Viertel des Durchmessers Φ der Vorkammer (2).
  16. Zünder für Verbrennungsmotoren, eine Vorkammer (2) umfassend, die durch einen Vorkammerkörper (12) definiert ist mit einem Kopf (12a), der mit mindestens einem Durchgang (15) ausgestattet ist, wobei die Vorkammer dazu bestimmt ist, ein Brennstoffgemisch zu enthalten, und ein Zündsystem (13, 14) für das in der Vorkammer (2) enthaltene Brennstoffgemisch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorkammerkörper (2) aus einem Material mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit von über 10 W/K/m hergestellt ist.
  17. Zünder nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorkammerkörper (12) aus einem Material mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit von über 10 W/K/m, vorzugsweise von über 30 W/K/m, hergestellt ist.
  18. Zünder nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vorkammerkörper (12) aus einem Material mit einer thermischen Leitfähigkeit von unter oder gleich 350 W/K/m hergestellt ist.
  19. Zünder nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Vorkammerkörper (12) bildende Material aus den Kupferlegierungen ausgewählt ist.
  20. Zünder nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Vorkammerkörper bildende Material aus den binären Messinglegierungen, den Kupfer-Nickel-Legierungen, den Kupfer-Aluminium-Legierungen und den Neusilbern ausgewählt ist.
  21. Zünder nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Vorkammerkörper (12) bildende Material aus den Legierungen CuZn5, CuZn10, CuZn15, CuZn20, CuZn30, CuZn33, CuZn36, CuZn37, CuZn40, CuNi44Mn, CuNi5Fe, CuA15, CuA16, CuA110Fe5Ni5, CuNi10Zn27, CuNi12Zn24, CuNi15Zn21, CuNi18Zn20, CuNi18Zn27, CuNi10Zn42Pb2 und CuNi18Zn19Pb1 ausgewählt ist, vorzugsweise die Legierung CuZn5.
  22. Zünder nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das den Vorkammerkörper (12) bildende Material die Legierung CuCr1Zr ist.
EP03778403A 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Zündvorrichtung mit vorzündkammer hergestellt aus einem material mit höher thermischer leitfähigkeit, für verbrennungsmotor und zünder mit vorzündkammer Expired - Lifetime EP1556932B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0213017A FR2846042B1 (fr) 2002-10-18 2002-10-18 Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre
FR0213017 2002-10-18
PCT/FR2003/003083 WO2004036709A1 (fr) 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Dispositif d'allumage a prechambre realisee dans un materiau a conductivite thermique elevee, pour un moteur a combustion interne, et allumeur a prechambre

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP1556932A1 EP1556932A1 (de) 2005-07-27
EP1556932B1 true EP1556932B1 (de) 2008-07-09

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EP03778403A Expired - Lifetime EP1556932B1 (de) 2002-10-18 2003-10-17 Zündvorrichtung mit vorzündkammer hergestellt aus einem material mit höher thermischer leitfähigkeit, für verbrennungsmotor und zünder mit vorzündkammer

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US (1) US7104245B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1556932B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2006503218A (de)
AT (1) ATE400912T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60322089D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2307997T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2846042B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2004036709A1 (de)

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US20050268882A1 (en) 2005-12-08
FR2846042B1 (fr) 2005-02-04
DE60322089D1 (de) 2008-08-21
WO2004036709A1 (fr) 2004-04-29
EP1556932A1 (de) 2005-07-27
ATE400912T1 (de) 2008-07-15
JP2006503218A (ja) 2006-01-26
ES2307997T3 (es) 2008-12-01
FR2846042A1 (fr) 2004-04-23
US7104245B2 (en) 2006-09-12

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