EP1550093B1 - Detecteur de fumees - Google Patents

Detecteur de fumees Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1550093B1
EP1550093B1 EP03769187A EP03769187A EP1550093B1 EP 1550093 B1 EP1550093 B1 EP 1550093B1 EP 03769187 A EP03769187 A EP 03769187A EP 03769187 A EP03769187 A EP 03769187A EP 1550093 B1 EP1550093 B1 EP 1550093B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke alarm
smoke
image sensor
image
light source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03769187A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1550093A1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrich Oppelt
Bernd Siber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1550093A1 publication Critical patent/EP1550093A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1550093B1 publication Critical patent/EP1550093B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • a smoke detector which is realized by a video camera or an infrared camera. It can be provided that a light source is provided in a suitable wavelength range for the image sensor, since the particle size of smoke particles is detected by light scattering of these smoke particles, which forms a corona around the defined light source.
  • the document US 2002080040 discloses a smoke detector with an imager, an optic and a light source, wherein the imager, the optics and the light source are configured such that smoke particles located in the field of view of the imager are detected by light scattering.
  • the smoke detector according to the invention with the features of the independent claim has the advantage that the image sensor, which is housed in the smoke detector is configured to monitor a very close range around the smoke detector and the light source is controlled such that the light source at one for the Image sensor insufficient ambient light can be activated.
  • the smoke detector is configured such that the smoke detector detects the strength of the ambient light based on a signal of the image sensor. This makes it possible, based on the evaluation of the signal from the image sensor already to control the light source in an insufficient ambient light.
  • the evaluation of the signal from the image recorder is performed by a processor having conventional algorithms for image analysis.
  • an additional ambient light sensor for example a photodiode, to be present for measuring the intensity of the ambient light.
  • the light source is then driven.
  • the imager is configured to observe smoke at a distance of 5 to 20 cm.
  • the 5 to 20 cm define what is considered here as a close distance. This makes it possible in particular to replace the function of a conventional scattered light smoke detector by the smoke detector according to the invention, which also senses only to the next environment.
  • the image sensor is arranged in a labyrinth.
  • a labyrinth conventionally a light source and a photodiode are arranged to detect stray light of smoke.
  • an imager is used to directly capture the image of the intruding air or smoke.
  • the light source is then used for lighting.
  • the light source may preferably be a light emitting diode. This is a favorable embodiment, which is also available, for example, as a white light-emitting diode.
  • the smoke detector can be flush mounted in a wall or ceiling for practical and aesthetic reasons. This allows it to not protrude into the room and thus does not hinder movement in the room. Furthermore, this allows an inconspicuous installation in rooms where a smoke detector should not be as visible as possible.
  • the image recorder may preferably be designed as a miniature camera. Such are inexpensive, for example, in CMOS technology.
  • the image sensor can advantageously be mounted in such a way that its field of vision is directed downwards or obliquely to the side out of a detector cover. This allows optimal observation of the next environment.
  • the optics are adjusted so that the focus point is focused about 10 cm below the cover. This is the distance where smoke can be expected in case of fire and where no objects are expected due to the ceiling. Due to the near focus, the visible background is blurred. In case of fire ascending smoke, however, is sharply displayed in the vicinity of the image sensor by the corresponding setting of the optics.
  • the image of fire smoke will differ significantly from the background due to the sharpness of the brightness distribution, the swath movement and the contouring. With the help of suitable image processing routines it is possible to discriminate between smoke and background.
  • a scattered light smoke detector which measures the intensity of scattered light from a specifically controlled light source
  • the detection of smoke is based on characteristics in the image. Filters or geometrical measuring chambers are used to hide the effects of ambient light sources, they are automatically used to visualize the smoke. The arrangement is therefore completely independent of extraneous light.
  • the extremely high information content of an image recorder also makes it possible to derive additional information from the image signal. Insects, spiders and moths, which are located on the cover surface of the detector, can be classified on the basis of their size and structure, and thus be distinguished from smoke.
  • Objects that are placed in the sharper measuring range of the detector are sharply displayed and show a significantly different structure than smoke and can thus be hidden, and it can be a fault report on the now limited functional area. Dustiness and contamination of the cover show significant differences compared to a reference image without contamination, so that creeping contamination is detected. Completely masking the detector or stroking paint also results in significant image changes and may lead to a failure message.
  • the image sensor requires a certain ambient brightness, and it is largely independent of the actual brightness level due to the control behavior. On A deliberate blinding of the image sensor (override), the signal processing can respond with a fault message.
  • a deliberately controlled light source is operated at scattered light smoke detectors. In the case of darkness, this light source is sufficient to illuminate smoke, so that the image sensor receives a corresponding image.
  • the detection of smoke is now considered one of the most reliable methods for early fire detection.
  • For smoke detection predominantly punctiform detectors, which operate on the scattered light principle used. These detectors use one Measuring chamber with labyrinth-shaped smoke inlets, to exclude the influence of ambient light when measuring the very small measuring signals.
  • the basic structure of a labyrinth as a measuring chamber has the disadvantage that small insects or dust that has penetrated into the measuring chamber can occur as a deceptive factor.
  • the measuring chamber must be a certain distance from the ceiling as a mounting location, so that smoke can penetrate into the measuring chamber. This leads to devices that are visibly attached to the ceiling, which is often undesirable in environments with aesthetic demands.
  • CMOS imagers are available that provide digital image information that can be further processed by an image processing processor. Both the imager and the processor are available in miniaturized form, so that such an arrangement is readily accommodated in a detector housing.
  • Such an image sensor can be controlled in wide ranges of its exposure time, so that it can operate under very different brightness conditions.
  • imagers which also have an extreme dynamic range of over 120 dB brightness information and thus can work in very high contrast environments.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • the smoke detector has as optics an objective 101, which adjusts a focus for an image recorder 102.
  • the focus is set to 10 cm here. This makes background images blurry compared to images from this immediate environment.
  • the image recorder 102 transmits the image signal to a media processor 103, for example to an analog input, wherein the media processor 103 then performs the analog-to-digital conversion with its own analog-to-digital converter.
  • the media processor 103 it is possible for the media processor 103 to receive the image signal via a digital input and thus be able to continue processing immediately.
  • the image processing is performed by the media processor 103 by means of a memory 104, using typical image evaluation algorithms.
  • the media processor 103 searches for smoke images, but also for slow changes, whereby the media processor 103 uses reference images for this purpose. These slow changes indicate increasing pollution and can therefore lead to a fault message. Insects or other objects that reach the detection area of the image recorder 102 can also be recognized by the image evaluation by the processor 103. With such a fault message or with a smoke message, this message is sent via an output module 105. This message can then be transmitted directly to signaling devices such as a siren or to a person, or it can be transmitted to a central office, which then initiates actions depending on the message.
  • signaling devices such as a siren or to a person, or it can be transmitted to a central office, which then initiates actions depending on the message.
  • FIG. 2 shows a first configuration of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • the smoke detector is housed flush in a ceiling 208.
  • a transparent cover 204 protects the interior of the smoke detector.
  • the cover 204 is transparent, so that observation by the smoke detector of the next environment is possible. If necessary, this cover 204 may also be dispensed with.
  • an optic 201 for adjusting the focus area 206 is provided. Behind the optics 201, the imager 202 is arranged to record the images in the focus area 206.
  • the image signal is transmitted to an electronic signal processor 203, typically the media processor 103. There then takes place the evaluation of the image signal.
  • the electronics 203 is further connected via an output to a LED 205 for illumination.
  • the LED is activated by the electronics 203 in order to provide sufficient illumination in the observation field, that is to say the focus area 206.
  • white light is used here.
  • the imager 202 is then configured to accept infrared.
  • the imager 202 and the optic 201 are arranged obliquely, this oblique arrangement having to do purely with practical reasons of the individual arrangement.
  • FIG. 3 shows a second configuration of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • the smoke detector is flush mounted in a ceiling 306 with a transparent cover 305.
  • an optic 301 with the image pickup 302 is directed vertically downwards, in which case an LED 304 is arranged obliquely for illumination.
  • the image sensor 302 is in turn connected to electronics with signal processing 303, which performs the image evaluation and the LED 304 drives.
  • the LED 304 is driven in response to the ambient light 307 by the electronics 303.
  • the arrangement is now directed vertically downwards, which allows easy assembly and manufacture of the smoke detector according to the invention.
  • an LED 304 it is also possible to use several LEDs.
  • a brightness sensor for example a photodiode.
  • the arrangement of the optics 301 and the image sensor 302 is pivotable. This is e.g. Scanning possible. This can then be accomplished by an electric motor.
  • FIG. 4 shows in a flow chart the sequence of the image evaluation in the processor 103 or the electronics 203 or 303.
  • the video or image sequence 404 is first supplied to a change detection 405, which includes the recorded image or video sequence a reference image 402 compares. This can be used to determine whether or not there is a change.
  • Texture analysis 406 examines structures of areas in the image. With the structure, for example, a distinction can be made between the surface texture of objects introduced into the viewing area or the structure of the diffuse background or the structure of smoke. It also helps detect edges and hard structures, object contours of objects or insects. With the help of edges one obtains the border of objects and can draw with the object classification 407 conclusions on the kind of the object. If there is a change, the change can then be identified.
  • insects or other objects can be identified, which occur directly in the focus area of the image sensor.
  • the motion analysis 408 in conjunction with object classification distinguishes between motions of, for example, insects or the movement of passing smoke to perform fire detection.
  • a message 410 may be issued. Furthermore, an update of the reference data 401 is performed after the fire detection 409. If, for example, the environment changes due to a permanently introduced object in the focus area, then this must be taken into account in the further observation in order to continue to ensure the detection of smoke by the basic function of the smoke detector.
  • FIG. 5 shows an image evaluation by a change in the spatial frequency, specifically in a diagram. Due to the occurrence of smoke, existing edges in the image are softened and thus the high local frequencies are lost.
  • FIG. 6 shows the image evaluation with use of brightness distribution in the image. To illustrate the effect of smoke, a histogram of a structure with only 2 brightness values is shown here.
  • FIG. 7 shows the superposition of the structure with smoke.
  • the smoke is superimposed on the image structure and adds gray scale components. This leads to a significant reduction in the frequency of the two previously existing brightness values, by the gray values of the smoke also shift the brightness values on the x-axis and the previously very steep flanks in the histogram are getting worse. This demonstrates how easy the smoke detection can be done through image analysis.
  • a fault message will result.
  • This can be passed on directly to a signaling device, which is optical or acoustic, or forwarded to a central, in order to initiate appropriate actions.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un détecteur de fumées qui présente un imageur (202) et une source lumineuse (205). L'imageur (202) enregistre la fumée à une distance de proximité et la source lumineuse (205) peut être activée en cas de lumière ambiante insuffisante pour l'imageur (202).

Claims (11)

  1. Détecteur de fumées comportant un appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302), un instrument optique (101, 201, 301), un dispositif électronique (103, 203, 303) et une source lumineuse (205, 304),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'instrument optique (101, 201, 301) règle pour l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302) un foyer tel qu'un arrière-plan visible soit représenté de manière floue par rapport à un point de netteté (206) réglé à proximité de l'appareil de prise de vues, de sorte que le détecteur de fumées comportant l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302) enregistre la fumée à une courte distance, et le dispositif électronique (103, 203, 303) commande la source lumineuse (205, 304) de telle manière que la source lumineuse (205, 304) soit activée lorsque la lumière ambiante est insuffisante pour l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302).
  2. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le détecteur de fumées est configuré pour distinguer l'intensité de la lumière ambiante au moyen d'un signal de l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302).
  3. Détecteur de fumées selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le détecteur de fumées présente un capteur de lumière ambiante permettant de mesurer l'intensité de la lumière ambiante.
  4. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302) est configuré pour permettre d'observer à une distance de 5-20 cm.
  5. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302) se trouve dans un labyrinthe.
  6. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la source lumineuse (205, 304) est une diode électroluminescente.
  7. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le détecteur de fumées est placé dans une paroi (208, 306) ou un plafond.
  8. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil de prise de vues est conçu comme une caméra miniature.
  9. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302) a son champ visuel orienté vers le bas ou incliné vers le côté à partir d'un cache de détection (204, 305).
  10. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'instrument optique (101, 201, 301) est réglé sur le point de netteté (206) sensiblement 10 cm au-dessous du cache (204, 305).
  11. Détecteur de fumées selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le détecteur de fumées avec l'appareil de prise de vues (102, 202, 302) produit une image de référence pour des comparaisons ultérieures à des moments prédéterminés.
EP03769187A 2002-10-02 2003-09-15 Detecteur de fumees Expired - Lifetime EP1550093B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10246056 2002-10-02
DE10246056A DE10246056A1 (de) 2002-10-02 2002-10-02 Rauchmelder
PCT/DE2003/003062 WO2004032083A1 (fr) 2002-10-02 2003-09-15 Detecteur de fumees

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1550093A1 EP1550093A1 (fr) 2005-07-06
EP1550093B1 true EP1550093B1 (fr) 2006-12-27

Family

ID=32038214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03769187A Expired - Lifetime EP1550093B1 (fr) 2002-10-02 2003-09-15 Detecteur de fumees

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20060202847A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1550093B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10246056A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004032083A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004032083A1 (fr) 2004-04-15
US20060202847A1 (en) 2006-09-14
EP1550093A1 (fr) 2005-07-06
DE10246056A1 (de) 2004-04-22
DE50306132D1 (de) 2007-02-08

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