EP1548226A1 - Boring device and method for introducing a boring element into the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The drilling device (10) has a rotary drive (12) supported by a mast (14) used for sinking a bore element in the ground and at least 2 chuck rotation devices (30), for rotation of a chuck via at least one setting cylinder, simultaneously or individually engaging the bore element for assisting the torque provided by the rotary drive. An independent claim for a method for sinking a bore element in the ground is also included.

Description

The invention relates to a drill for introducing a Drilling element in the ground with a drive, which on a Mast is mounted for insertion of the drilling element, and with a Pliers twisting device, which has a collet, the rotatable by means of at least one actuating cylinder is. The invention further relates to a method for introducing a drilling element in the ground, wherein on the drilling element by means of a pliers twisting a torque is applied.

In the prior art are a variety of earth drilling machines known, which in particular in special civil engineering to foundation measures be used. This can be done either by means of a Drilling a borehole are created, which then For example, with concrete is filled to a foundation pile to create. Furthermore, with a drill can also a screw anchor or bored pile with screw tip directly in be screwed in the floor. Especially in the latter case For large pile lengths, relatively high drilling torques can be achieved be necessary to screw the pile into the ground.

According to the expected maximum torque is the Drill drive designed, which is a significant cost factor represents at a drill.

Furthermore, for the production of cased boreholes are drills known, which in addition with a so-called casing machine are provided. These are used for screwing Support tubes. Such casing machines have a collet on, which can be rotated by adjusting cylinder.

A mobile drill with attached casing machine is disclosed in DE 38 09 626 C2. The casing machine has a liftable by hydraulic cylinder and lowered Carrying table. A rotatably mounted in the support table bearing ring is supported by two hydraulic cylinders supported on the support table turned back and forth. The bearing ring bears on a top mutually movable jaws, with a hydraulic cylinder can be opened and closed. With the Clamping jaws, the end of the tubing is clamped and introduced by the rotation of the bearing ring in the soil or pulled out of it.

In DE 12 15 624 B is another device for down-drilling a piping disclosed in a deep well. In the device described there before the date of each Direction change of a cyclically changing rotary motion the casing moves downwards. The cyclically changing Rotary movement is attached to a drill pipe Pipe clamp, both arms alternating by pressing cylinders be moved back and accomplished. The frame for Clamp and press cylinder is with a pressure cylinder in shifted vertically. are provided. These are used for screwing Support tubes. Such casing machines have a collet on, which can be rotated by adjusting cylinder.

The invention has for its object to provide a drill, with which particularly costly drilling operations at a cost-effective structure are quickly feasible. It is another object of the invention to provide an efficient method for introducing a drilling element in the ground.

The device-related part of the object is according to the invention achieved by a drill with the features of claim 1. The procedural part of the task is after the Invention by a method having the features of the claim 8 solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are in the respective dependent claims.

The drilling device according to the invention is characterized that at least two forceps twisting provided are, which with the drilling element for torque transmission in Intervention can be brought. A basic idea of the invention lies in it, a torque on the drilling element in addition to a existing rotary drive, usually a hydraulic motor, or to be applied exclusively by means of two pliers twisting devices. It can provide extra torque support to the normal rotary drive at least at certain times be exerted on the drilling element. The drilling element can while a drilling tool, which after insertion again off is pulled out of the borehole, a einzubringendes support tube or a Schraubpfahl- or anchor element, which directly serves as a foundation element and remains in the ground.

The use of a collet with a positioning cylinder for Twisting the collet allows the generation of a very high Torque for a limited angle of rotation. Because when drilling Experience has shown that the maximum drilling torque is not during the entire drilling time, but only at very limited times when a peak load is due, the drill drive can be designed inexpensively to the normal drilling torque. To bridge the torque peak, the forceps twisting devices be used.

It is according to the invention that the forceps twisting devices simultaneously and / or temporally offset from each other Torque transmission engageable with the drilling element are. By a defined time staggered operation of at least two pincers can be twisted despite a limited angle of rotation of the pliers-twisting devices a more even torque support and in certain Even set a quasi-continuous drilling operation. For certain very high torque peaks, it is basically also possible, the multiple pliers twisting devices at the same time put into operation, so that the maximum Torque multiplied accordingly.

For a desired synchronization of the pliers-twisting devices It is inventively provided that a coupling is, with which the movements of the pliers-twisting devices are compatible with each other. The coupling can be a be mechanical coupling, which when moving a forceps twisting device in the drilling direction in the torque assistance at the same time a provision of the second tong twisting device in their starting position at appropriate Freewheeling position of the collet causes. In appropriate Way can then tighten the second collet the drilling element and a torque on the drilling element when driving in the Apply bottom, while in the reverse manner, the first pliers turning device by the coupling, in particular a coupling rod, is reset. In addition to this purely mechanical However, coupling can also be an electronic, control technology Coupling be provided. Here are the movement of separate pliers twisting with the drilling element separate Adjusting devices, for example hydraulic adjusting cylinders, provided by a central controller according to a predetermined program for a desired Synchronization are controlled. The coupling rod can itself as an actuating cylinder, in particular as a hydraulic cylinder, be educated.

According to the invention, it is preferred that the forceps twisting device attached to the lower end of the mast. This allows even then a torque assistance, if the Drilling element is almost completely introduced into the ground.

An efficient drilling operation is achieved according to the invention by that the pliers twisting in the drilling direction are mounted pivotably and / or movable. hereby can torque assist even with a feed motion of the drilling element act on this.

A further embodiment of the invention is characterized that the collet has two clamping jaws, which by means of a clamping cylinder between a clamping position and a freewheeling position are adjustable. An adjustable Collet allows a clamping of the drilling element along the entire length and can also diameter differences of Balance drilling element. The clamping jaws are to the respective Drill element customizable, allowing a good power transmission in the clamping position and a sufficient distance to the drilling element are ensured in the freewheeling position. Of the Clamping cylinder and adjusting cylinder of the pliers twisting device are preferably designed as hydraulic cylinders, which can generate particularly high forces.

Finally, it is according to the invention that a control device is provided, through which a rotary drive, a feed drive and the pincers twisting each other are operated in a coordinated manner. The control device can a continuous rotary drive, in particular a hydraulic motor, with the discontinuous pliers twisting devices coordinate.

The method according to the invention is characterized that at least two forceps twisting provided are, with which a torque applied to the drilling element becomes. With a relatively simple construction of the drill can be easier with these tongs twisting devices Way relatively large torques exerted on the drilling element become.

It is according to the invention that the forceps twisting devices simultaneously and / or temporally offset torque transferred to the drilling element. This can either be a particularly high maximum torque or a more even Torque assistance or even a quasi-continuous Drilling operation achieved by means of pliers twisting become.

Another preferred embodiment of the invention is that the pliers twisting devices during torque transmission at least partially with the drilling element in Drilling direction to be moved until it is returned to its original position be, and that one of the pliers twisting devices is moved with the drilling element while another Pliers twisting device reset to its original position becomes. By such a staggered operation of the individual Pliers twisting devices can be despite a limited Angle of rotation of a forceps twisting an improved Adjust torque assistance. Depending on the angle of rotation the pincers and their number, which also can be more than two, this can even be a quasi continuous rotary operation can be achieved.

To coordinate or synchronize the discontinuous and continuous drives, it is according to the invention that the Rotation of a rotary drive, the feed movement of the drilling element and the operation of the pliers-twisting devices to each other be controlled in a coordinated manner. This can be via a central Control device, usually a computer, done.

Furthermore, it is according to the invention that the torque assistance only at certain times, especially in one Final phase of drilling, is performed. When screwing a drilling element in the ground takes the torque load with increasing drilling depth and the increased friction surface. The Torque support is thus preferably in the Final phase, so that even at this time a reliable Twisting is guaranteed.

The drilling element can basically be returned from the borehole Removable drilling tool, such as a drill screw or any other one continuously or discontinuously be working drilling tool or a support tube. To However, it is preferred for the invention that as a drilling element a screw pile, especially with a conical screw tip is used. Especially when screwing in such foundation piles with helical spirals are usually high torques because a significant portion of the soil displaces becomes, so that a high surface friction arises.

Another embodiment of the invention is that on foundation measures of the screw pile through loose soil layers is driven to a solid soil layer, wherein for introducing into the solid soil layer the torque assist he follows. Screw piles can thus by means of Rotary drive screwed through the loose bottom and with support the piping efficient in solid soil layers anchored.

Fig. 1

Eine Seitenansicht eines Bohrgerätes mit einer Zangen-Verdreheinrichtung;

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf eine Zangen-Verdreheinrichtung nach der Erfindung; und

Fig. 3

eine Seitenansicht auf eine Anordnung von zwei Zangen-Verdreheinrichtungen mit mechanischer Kopplung.

The invention will be further elucidated on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments, which are illustrated schematically in the attached drawings. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

A side view of a drill with a pincers twisting device;

Fig. 2

a plan view of a forceps twisting device according to the invention; and

Fig. 3

a side view of an arrangement of two forceps twisting devices with mechanical coupling.

The drill 10 shown in Fig. 1 has a trained as a bead Chassis 20 on which a mast 14 between a horizontal transport position and a displayed vertical working position is pivotally hinged. Of the Mast 14, which in a known manner via hydraulic cylinder is pivotable, is as a so-called broker with a fixed base mast 16 formed on which a Verfahrmast 15 slidably mounted with a traversing device is.

On Verfahrmast 15 is a rotary drive 26 via a feed drive 12 slidably mounted, which for driving a Not shown drilling element is used. At the bottom of the Mastes 14, the forceps twisting devices are arranged, wherein in the illustration of Fig. 1 for clarity only a twisting device 30 is shown.

In Fig. 2 is the basic structure of a twisting device 30 with a collet 32, which is a drilling element 50 encloses. The collet shown in Fig. 2 32 is in the freewheel position, in which the Collet 32 on all sides of the enclosed drilling element 50 is spaced so that the drilling element 50 is free through the Collet 32 can be moved in the drilling direction, which is perpendicular to the drawing plane.

The collet 32 includes an arcuate pliers body 31, at both ends thereof in each case a clamping claw 33, 34th is pivotally hinged. The free ends of the two Clamping jaws 33, 34 are opposite each other and stand by means a clamping cylinder 46 in conjunction. By moving together of the clamping cylinder 46, the clamping jaws 33, 34 to each other to be moved, with a frictional connection with the drilling element 50 can be made.

The pliers main body 31 is variable over a length Holding arm 38 by means of a retaining bearing 40 attached to the mast 14. For a gimbal, the retaining bearing 40 has a Horizontal pivot pin 42, which rotatably on a bearing block 45 is held. On Horizontalschwenkbolzen 42 is a vertically directed vertical pivot pin 44 provided on which the mastseitige end of the support arm 38 and the mastseitigen Ends of two adjusting cylinders 35, 36 pivotable are stored. The adjusting cylinders 35, 36 serve to rotate the collet 32 against the retaining bearing 40, wherein the collet-side ends of the adjusting cylinders 35, 36 each on Pliers body 31 held in the points and swivel are stored, in which also the clamping jaws 33, 34 on the pliers main body 31 are stored.

The retaining bearing 40 allows the collet 32 to be clamped Drilling element can follow, if this in the drilling direction is moved. At a feed of the drilling element 50 in drilling operation bends the collet 32 in the clamping position with their Stellzylindern 35, 36, the movement of the drilling element 50 for Ground down. After opening the clamping cylinder 46 is through a new turning operation, the collet 32 returned to the top.

In the schematic view of Fig. 3 are a first pliers twisting device 30 and a second pincers twisting device 70 arranged one above the other in the drilling direction, which only partially shown. The basic structure of the both pliers twisting devices 30, 70 corresponds to the above Versions of FIG. 2 with the exception of the articulation to Mast.

The two pliers twisting devices 30, 70 are each on a rocker 84 attached, which about a horizontal axis is pivotally mounted on a bearing block 82, which in turn is attached to a beam-shaped support 80a and 80b. At rest, which is shown in Fig. 3, the two are bar-shaped beams 80a, 80b horizontally directed and over one horizontal pivot bearing 86 deflectable at one Base frame 88 stored. The base frame 88 is with the mast the drill firmly connected.

For mechanical tuning or synchronization of movements the two pincers 30, 70 is a Coupling rod 90 is provided, which on the one hand on the upper support 80a between the horizontal pivot bearing 86 and the bearing block 82 is articulated. On the other hand, the coupling rod 90 with a Lever arm 81 of the lower support 80b hingedly connected. The lever arm 81 is rigidly attached to the beam-shaped carrier 80b formed, however, the lever arm 81 extends opposite to the carrier 80b away from the horizontal pivot bearing 86.

Due to the diagonal articulation with the coupling rod 90 is effected that when pivoting down the upper beam 80a of the carrier 80b simultaneously pivoted upwards becomes. In the reverse manner, after a reset at the top of the upper beam 80a, the lower beam 80b simultaneously swung down. Through this coordination of Pivoting movements of the two pliers twisting devices 30, 70 may be a more even torque support. So is the torque assist by a pliers twisting device 30, in which the pliers twisting device 30 in its clamping position with the drilling element in the drilling direction is pivoted, at the same time the other pliers twisting device 70 in its free-running position in its upper Starting position swung back. It can then be the clamping position the two pliers twisting devices 30, 70 are changed, so that the feed of the drilling element then stretched second pincers twisting device 70 moves down, wherein simultaneously by this movement, the upper first pliers twisting device 30 in their freewheeling position in their initial length is reset.

Claims (13)

Drilling device for introducing a drilling element (50) into the ground with a rotary drive (12) which is mounted on a mast (14) for introducing the drilling element (50), and with a pincers twisting device (30), which a collet (32 ), which is rotatable by means of at least one actuating cylinder (35, 36),
characterized in that at least two pliers twisting means (30, 70) are provided and
in that the forceps twisting devices (30, 70) can be brought into engagement with the torque-assisting drilling element (50) driven by the rotary drive (12). Drilling device according to claim 1,
characterized in that the pliers twisting means (30, 70) at the same time and / or offset from one another for torque transmission with the drilling element (50) are engageable. Drilling device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a coupling is provided with which movements of the forceps twisting means (30, 70) are tunable to each other. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the forceps twisting means (30, 70) are fixed to the lower end portion of the mast (14). Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the forceps twisting means (30, 70) are mounted pivotably and / or movable in the drilling direction. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the collet (32) has two clamping claws (33, 34) which are adjustable by means of a clamping cylinder (46) between a clamping position and a freewheeling position. Drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that a control device is provided, by means of which a rotary drive (12), a feed drive (26) and the pincers-twisting devices (30, 70) are coordinated with each other operable. Method for introducing a drilling element (50) into the ground, in particular with a drilling device according to one of claims 1 to 7,
wherein a torque is applied to the drilling element (50) by means of a pliers twisting device (30), characterized in that at least two pliers twisting devices (30, 70) are provided with which a torque is applied to the drilling element (50) with a time offset from one another. is transmitted. Method according to claim 8,
characterized in that the pincers (30, 70) are at least partially moved during the torque transmission with the drilling element (50) in the drilling direction until they are restored to their original position, and
that one of the pliers twisting means (30, 70) is moved with the drilling element (50), while another pliers twisting device (30, 70) is restored to its original position. Method according to one of claims 8 or 9,
characterized in that the rotation of a rotary drive (12), the advancing movement of the drilling element (50) and the operation of the pincers-twisting devices (30, 70) are controlled coordinated. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10,
characterized in that the torque assistance is performed only at certain time periods, in particular in a final phase of drilling. Method according to one of claims 8 to 11,
characterized in that a screw pile, in particular with a conical screw tip , is used as the drilling element (50). Method according to claim 12,
characterized in that to foundation measures of the screw pile is driven by loose soil layers up to a solid soil layer, wherein for the introduction into the solid soil layer, the torque is assisted.

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