EP1545785B1 - Elektrostatisch arbeitender filter und verfahren zum abscheiden von partikeln aus einem gas - Google Patents

Elektrostatisch arbeitender filter und verfahren zum abscheiden von partikeln aus einem gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1545785B1
EP1545785B1 EP03750661A EP03750661A EP1545785B1 EP 1545785 B1 EP1545785 B1 EP 1545785B1 EP 03750661 A EP03750661 A EP 03750661A EP 03750661 A EP03750661 A EP 03750661A EP 1545785 B1 EP1545785 B1 EP 1545785B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
particles
electrode
electrostatically operating
space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03750661A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1545785A1 (de
Inventor
Hubert R. Lageman
Manfred W. Schmoch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
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Fisia Babcock Environment GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1545785A1 publication Critical patent/EP1545785A1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrostatic filter for the separation of particles from a gas having at least one electrode connected to a high voltage source and at least one grounded or oppositely poled electrode, between which the gas laden with the particles can be passed.
  • Document DE 28 02 965 A discloses such an electrostatic filter.
  • the invention relates to a method for separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatic filter.
  • Electrostatically operating filters of the generic type are known, for example, from EP 0 847 806 B1. They are used for the electrostatic separation of any particles and droplets from different gases in many process engineering processes, in particular for gas dedusting.
  • the gas to be purified flows through a gas-arranged register of precipitation electrodes, each of which is substantially shaped as a plate.
  • Spray electrodes are arranged centrally in each lane formed by the collecting electrodes. Between the spray electrodes and the collecting electrodes, a high DC voltage is applied, which is above the corona threshold voltage.
  • the discharge electrodes emit electrons that are so strongly accelerated in the immediate vicinity of the high-voltage discharge electrodes due to the prevailing high electric field strength that their kinetic energy is sufficient to knock out more electrons from neutral gas atoms and / or molecules and in this way to create an electron cloud.
  • the electric field strength decreases rapidly, so that the kinetic energy of the electrons falls below the limit at which the electrons are bound by neutral gas molecules or atoms to form negative gas ions.
  • these negative gas ions preferably accumulate on the dust particles and thus share with them an electrical charge, as a result of which the thus charged dust particles experience an accelerating force action in the direction of the collecting electrode in the electric field. There, they are collected in a layer of dust, through which the charge carriers flow to the grounded precipitation electrode, agglomerated and preferably by vibrations of the electrodes, for example caused by knocking, cleaned and fed by gravity of the dust collection and Staubaustragsvorraum.
  • a special type of electrostatic filter is described in DE 3 723 544 A1.
  • a "patterned deposition electrode” is shown as a deposition electrode facing the spray electrode.
  • the structuring can be different in many ways. It always serves for mechanical binding and storage of the electrostatically separated dust particles.
  • the dust is disposed of by incineration in the filter or by replacement or cleaning of the filters outside of the filter operation.
  • dust particles and droplets of different types of gas streams can be deposited in many applications.
  • the deposition efficiency is strongly influenced by the particles, but also by the gas properties.
  • the gas composition decisively determines the solubility of the Gases and thus the number of gas ions, which is available for charging, ie for the electrical loading of the dust particles.
  • the dust particles especially the specific electrical dust resistance is known as a significant dust property, because of this size, the amount of the effluent to the collecting electrode charge carriers is limited.
  • EP 0 847 806 B1 proposes a method in which the charging of the dust particles and their deposition is carried out procedurally in decoupled partial steps.
  • the dust particles are electrically charged with as high a charge carrier as possible, even at the cost of high gas turbulence.
  • the deposition zone the electrically charged dust particles are deposited in an electric field whose voltage is below the corona threshold voltage. As a result, the excitation of the electric wind is avoided.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages and to propose an electrostatic precipitator and a method for its operation, which are characterized by a high separation efficiency with low energy consumption. Furthermore, the formation of electric wind should be minimized and the limiting effect of the specific electrical dust resistance should be removed.
  • the construction should be designed so that a continuous or quasi-continuous withdrawal of the separated particles is ensured during the ongoing operation of the filter.
  • the electrostatic precipitator contains no spray electrode and the electrodes (4,5) with a grid-like conversions, quasi field-free, in its longitudinal extent at least at one end open space (9) are formed in the the particles can enter via grid openings and exit at the open end.
  • a spray electrode is dispensed with, ie an electrode on which extreme field strength peaks are generated by small radii or other geometric points. Since the electrodes of both polarities then act as precipitation or deposition electrodes, it is therefore only possible to differentiate between high-voltage and grounded electrodes. High voltage can be the positive or negative electrode.
  • only the at least one electrode connected to the high-voltage source preferably all electrodes connected to the high-voltage source, contains or contains such a space.
  • only the at least one grounded electrode, preferably all grounded electrodes contain or contain such a space.
  • both the at least one electrode connected to the high-voltage source and the at least one grounded electrode, preferably all electrodes may contain such a space.
  • this space is at least partially bounded by a grid, mesh or the like and a Abscheideblech, the electrically conductively connected to each other, form the electrode.
  • the grid has inlet openings for the particles.
  • the quasi-field-free space formed between the grid, mesh or the like and the Abscheideblech is designed so that the incoming particles are slowed down so that they do not adhere to the Abscheideblech for a long time after the impact, but continuously fall down and be removed ,
  • the grid, mesh or the like can be formed from a number of interconnected mutually parallel rods, which are electrically connected to the plate-shaped Abscheideblech.
  • the grid is formed from a number of mutually connected mutually parallel rings, these being electrically conductively connected to a cylindrical or hollow-cylindrical deposition plate, forming the electrode.
  • the electrostatically operating filter may be formed as a "plate electrostatic filter” in which a number of planar box-shaped electrodes are arranged parallel to each other. It is equally possible that it is designed as a tubular electrostatic filter in which at least two cylindrical or hollow cylindrical electrodes are arranged coaxially with each other.
  • At least one electrode has a discharge channel for particles adjacent to the electrically largely field-free space.
  • the method of separating particles from a gas by means of an electrostatic filter is characterized in that that the particles are deflected to one of the two electrodes (4, 5), and that the particles pass into a lattice-like space (5) of the electrode, in the extension of which no electrical potential difference prevails, and are deposited there, the filter without a Spray electrode is operated.
  • the high-voltage leading and the grounded electrodes can be designed structurally similar. Therefore, a quasi-homogeneous electric field perpendicular to the flow direction of the particle-laden gas forms between the electrodes - without field strength peak, as in the previously known systems with spray electrodes. In contrast to the previously known electrostatic filter types, the separation of particles from the gas at the electrodes of both polarities can take place in the same way.
  • the proposed method utilizes the effect of an electric field between two electrodes on non-ionized by a technical device dust particles or targeted ionized dust particles in a gas stream.
  • the electrodes are preferably under a voltage which is below the corona threshold voltage.
  • the particles are deflected in the electric field depending on the polarity to one of the two electrodes.
  • the electrostatic filter can be constructed as a horizontally flow-through filter in which a cascade of box-shaped electrodes is used. Each second box-shaped electrode is either connected to the high voltage source or grounded or polar oppositely. In the same way, it is also possible to provide a design which leads to a vertically flown through tube or honeycomb electrostatic precipitator. Likewise, the proposed principle is applicable to a wet electrostatic precipitator.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that in the proposed embodiment of the electrodes with a quasi electric field-free space dust particles can enter the room due to their kinetic energy in this but then exposed to no further external electrostatic force and therefore separated using gravity and off the system is continuously discharged.
  • the proposed electrostatic precipitator has a highly efficient separation ability of particles and droplets from any gas stream, with only a small amount of energy is required. The emergence of an electric wind is largely avoided.
  • the cleaning of the electrodes takes place automatically. If, on the other hand, particles with adhesive or adhesive properties are concerned, the filtered particles can be cleaned from the walls of the electrostatic precipitator and / or the electrodes in a manner known per se by knocking the electrodes, with the particles falling down predominantly in a largely electric field-free space he follows. Depending on the properties of the particles and their rinsing - ie a wet filtration - during operation is possible.
  • the deposition of particles on / in the electrodes is also substantially dependent on the field strength existing between the high voltage electrode and the grounded electrode.
  • the field line of maximum field strength is perpendicular to the polarity between the electrodes; this also applies in principle to known filters with earthed Abscheideblechen and lying on high voltage potential Sprühelektroden. In order to increase the effectiveness of the invention, it is desirable to increase the distance between the electrodes of different polarity.
  • maximum field strengths firstly between the bodies and the opposing electrodes and secondly between the bodies of different polarity.
  • the maximum field strengths depend on the structural arrangement and can therefore have different values and directions.
  • the angles between the maximum field strengths can assume all values between 0 ° and 180 °.
  • an electrostatic filter is shown, which is suitable for filtering particles and / or droplets from a gas stream.
  • the particulate contaminated gas entering the filter is indicated by an arrow numbered 1.
  • the gas stream flows through the filter, whereby the particles in the gas are filtered out and removed.
  • the outflowing, cleaned gas is indicated by the arrow with the reference numeral 2. Downstream, the flow of deposited particles 3 exits the filter.
  • a cascade of electrodes is used. As can be seen in Fig. 1, a number of box-shaped electrodes 4 and 5 are arranged parallel to each other. Between the electrodes 4, 5 lanes 8 are provided, through which the gas to be purified 1 is passed.
  • the electrodes 4, 5 are alternately connected either to a high voltage source (namely, the electrodes 4) or grounded (namely, the electrodes 5).
  • all the electrodes 4, 5 are provided with a space, not designated here, into which the particles to be filtered out can enter, but in the extension of which no electrical potential difference prevails; he is therefore referred to here as a virtually electric field-free space.
  • This space is created in the electrodes 4, 5 in that the Abscheideblech 7 is surrounded by a grid 6.
  • Abscheideblech 7 and grid 6 are electrically connected.
  • the grid 6 consists of a number of mutually parallel bars.
  • the gas laden with particles initially flows in between the electrodes 4, 5 (see gas flow 1) and there comes under the effect of the quasi-homogeneous electric field.
  • the particles are deflected in the direction of the electrodes and enter through the grid openings. Thus, they are in a virtually electric field free space, where they are no longer exposed to any further external electrostatic force. They fall down due to gravity and can be continuously - while the filter operation - removed from the filter.
  • the cleaned gas leaves the filter in the horizontal direction via an outlet hood (see gas flow 2).
  • the electrodes 4, 5 according to FIG. 1 show, by way of example, the creation of the electric-field-free space by the grid 6 composed of interconnected bars, which grid is electrically connected to the internal separator plate 7.
  • the electrodes 4, 5 may be modular and arranged above and behind each other, as shown in Fig. 1. In this example, the electrodes on both sides of the Abscheidebleches a field-free space. Rand notede electrodes or in a filter with only one passage for the gas passage, the electrodes may also be constructed so that they only have a field-free space on one side of the Abscheidebleches. In any case, the depth of the field-free space depends on the requirements of the continuous particle withdrawal.
  • Fig. 2 an alternative embodiment of this type of electric filter is sketched as a tube filter.
  • the grounded electrode 5 contains the virtually field-free space 9, which is bounded here by a ring grid 6 and the cylindrical deposition plate 7.
  • the grid 6 is formed here by a number of interconnected parallel arranged metal rings, which are electrically connected to the Abscheideblech 7 and together form the electrode 5.
  • the electric field-free spaces 9 are formed as flow-calmed zones. This can be achieved by appropriate geometric arrangement of the bars or grid rings and / or a corresponding design of the gas inlet and the gas outlet.
  • FIGS. 3 a and 3 b show a few details of the configuration of the electrodes 4, 5 with the deposition plate 7, the grid 6 and the quasi electrically field-free spaces 9 defined thereby.
  • the Abscheidebleche 7 are plate-shaped and enclosed by rod-shaped grid elements which form the grid 6. Between the Abscheideblechen 7 and the grid 6, the largely electric field-free space 9 is formed in the electrodes 4, 5. The filtered particles move in the direction of arrow 3 (direction of gravity) down and can be removed from the electrostatic precipitator.
  • FIG. 3b shows a double-walled embodiment of the electrodes 4, 5 for assisting the discharge of the particles from the filter.
  • the particles which are located in largely electrically field-free space 9 sink downwards due to gravity and are guided through baffles and slits of the double-walled separating plate 7 into an internally protected intermediate space, namely into a discharge channel 10. There, they can be led out of the electrostatic precipitator, uninfluenced by the outer gas flow.
  • the illustrated construction of the electrodes can be provided in principle in a horizontally and vertically flowed through electrostatic precipitator, with straight, curved, folded or round electrodes can be used.
  • the formation of the electrodes and the height of the voltage are coordinated so that no increase in the electric field strength occurs, which leads to a corona or external partial discharges.
  • FIG. 4 shows a section of an alley of a horizontally flowed through electrostatic precipitator is shown.
  • the grid 6 here formed of wire hangers used.
  • the body 11 are shown. They are constructed here of wire brackets, which are conductively connected to the respective electrodes (4,5).
  • the straight wires are arranged perpendicular to the gas flow.
  • the bodies can also be arranged parallel to the gas flow or at all angles between perpendicular and parallel to the gas flow.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
EP03750661A 2002-09-30 2003-09-30 Elektrostatisch arbeitender filter und verfahren zum abscheiden von partikeln aus einem gas Expired - Lifetime EP1545785B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10245902A DE10245902A1 (de) 2002-09-30 2002-09-30 Elektrostatisch arbeitendes Filter und Verfahren zum Abscheiden von Partikeln aus einem Gas
DE10245902 2002-09-30
PCT/EP2003/010830 WO2004030825A1 (de) 2002-09-30 2003-09-30 Elektrostatisch arbeitender filter und verfahren zum abscheiden von partikeln aus einem gas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1545785A1 EP1545785A1 (de) 2005-06-29
EP1545785B1 true EP1545785B1 (de) 2006-07-26

Family

ID=31984350

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03750661A Expired - Lifetime EP1545785B1 (de) 2002-09-30 2003-09-30 Elektrostatisch arbeitender filter und verfahren zum abscheiden von partikeln aus einem gas

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1545785B1 (da)
AT (1) ATE333942T1 (da)
AU (1) AU2003270294A1 (da)
DE (2) DE10245902A1 (da)
DK (1) DK1545785T3 (da)
ES (1) ES2268407T3 (da)
WO (1) WO2004030825A1 (da)
ZA (1) ZA200501859B (da)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004033816B3 (de) * 2004-07-12 2006-02-09 Fisia Babcock Environment Gmbh Elektrofilter mit einem inneren, elektrisch inaktiven Bereich für Sprühelektroden
DE102007037984A1 (de) 2007-08-10 2009-02-12 Leibniz-Institut für Plasmaforschung und Technologie e.V. Verfahren zur Textilreinigung und Desinfektion mittels Plasma und Plasmaschleuse
DE102017003855A1 (de) 2017-04-20 2018-10-25 Frank Grundmann Vorrichtung zur Erhöhung der Stabilität am unteren Erdungsring bei Elektrofiltern
DE102017007787A1 (de) 2017-08-17 2019-02-21 Frank Grundmann Vorrichtung zur Erleichterung der Ausrichtung von Elektroden bei Nass- Elektrofiltern
PL3492175T3 (pl) * 2017-12-04 2021-07-05 Exodraft a/s System elektrofiltra zawierający kratę do gromadzenia cząstek

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR963621A (da) * 1950-07-17
DE2802965C2 (de) * 1978-01-24 1983-12-01 Manfred R. 8023 Pullach Burger Filtervorrichtung zur Reinigung von Gasen
DE3723544A1 (de) * 1987-07-16 1989-01-26 Man Technologie Gmbh Elektrostatischer filter zum reinigen von gasen
US6568245B2 (en) * 2001-03-15 2003-05-27 Tsi Incorporated Evaporative electrical detector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2268407T3 (es) 2007-03-16
AU2003270294A1 (en) 2004-04-23
DE50304383D1 (de) 2006-09-07
DK1545785T3 (da) 2006-11-20
EP1545785A1 (de) 2005-06-29
ATE333942T1 (de) 2006-08-15
WO2004030825A1 (de) 2004-04-15
DE10245902A1 (de) 2004-04-08
ZA200501859B (en) 2006-11-29

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