EP1541664A1 - Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften - Google Patents
Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften Download PDFInfo
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- EP1541664A1 EP1541664A1 EP04028308A EP04028308A EP1541664A1 EP 1541664 A1 EP1541664 A1 EP 1541664A1 EP 04028308 A EP04028308 A EP 04028308A EP 04028308 A EP04028308 A EP 04028308A EP 1541664 A1 EP1541664 A1 EP 1541664A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to mineral fuel oils containing ingredients of vegetable or animal origin with improved cold properties and the Use of an additive as a cold flow improver for such fuel oils.
- biofuels include, in particular, natural oils and fats of plant or animal origin. These are typically triglycerides of fatty acids with 10 to 24 C atoms, which have a calorific value comparable to conventional fuels, but at the same time are considered less harmful to the environment.
- Biofuels ie fuels derived from animal or plant material, are obtained from renewable sources and thus produce only as much CO 2 as was previously converted into biomass. It has been reported that combustion produces less carbon dioxide than equivalent amounts of petroleum distillate fuel, eg, diesel fuel, and that very little sulfur dioxide is produced. In addition, they are biodegradable.
- Oils obtained from animal or vegetable material are mainly metabolites comprising triglycerides of monocarboxylic acids, eg of acids having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and the formula in which R is an aliphatic radical of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated.
- oils contain glycerides of a number of acids whose Number and variety varies with the source of the oil, and they may additionally Contain phosphoglycerides.
- Such oils may be known in the art Procedures are obtained.
- EP-B-0 665 873 discloses a fuel oil composition containing a biofuel, a petroleum based fuel oil and an additive comprising (a) an oil soluble Ethylene copolymer or (b) a comb polymer or (c) a polar nitrogen compound or (d) a compound in which at least one substantially linear alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms with a non-polymeric organic radical is connected to provide at least one linear chain of atoms that the Carbon atoms of the alkyl groups and one or more non-terminal ones Including oxygen atoms, or (e) one or more of components (a), (b), (c) and (d).
- EP-B-0 153 176 discloses the use of polymers based on unsaturated C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid di-alkyl esters having average alkyl chain lengths of 12 to 14 as cold flow improvers for certain petroleum distillate fuel oils.
- Suitable comonomers are unsaturated esters, in particular vinyl acetate, but also ⁇ -olefins.
- EP-B-0 746 598 discloses comb polymers as a cold additive in fuel oils containing a Cloud point of at most -10 ° C.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the above defined Additive containing the components A) and B), for improving the Cold flow properties of fuel oil compositions F) containing Fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of Fuel oil compositions F) containing fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin, with improved cold properties, by mixing the mixture of fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin of the above-defined additive containing the Ingredients A) and B), added.
- Preferred oils of mineral origin are middle distillates.
- the mixing ratio between fuel oils of animal and / or vegetable origin (listed in the hereinafter also referred to as biofuel oils) and middle distillates preferably between 88 to 65% by volume middle distillate and 12 to 35% by volume Biofuel. These mixtures are given the additives according to the invention superior cold properties.
- Q takes values between 22.0 and 27.0, in particular 23.0-26.0 and for example 23, 24, 24.5, 25 or 26 at.
- Under side chain length of olefins here is the outgoing from the polymer backbone Understood alkyl radical, ie the chain length of the monomeric olefin minus the both olefinically bound C atoms.
- Understood alkyl radical ie the chain length of the monomeric olefin minus the both olefinically bound C atoms.
- Olefins with vinylidene grouping is the corresponding Total chain length of the olefin minus the transition into the polymer backbone To consider double bond.
- Suitable ethylene copolymers A) are those which contain 8 to 21 mol% of one or more Containing vinyl and / or (meth) acrylic ester and 79 to 92 wt .-% ethylene. Especially preferred are ethylene copolymers with 10 to 18 mol% and especially 12 to 16 mol% at least one vinyl ester. Suitable vinyl esters are derived from fatty acids linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, n- and isobutyl (meth) acrylate, Hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, Hexadecyl, octadecyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures of two, three, four or even several of these comonomers.
- Particularly preferred terpolymers of 2-Ethylhexanklarvinylesters, the Neononanoic or vinyl neodecanoate contain except Ethylene preferably 3.5 to 20 mol%, in particular 8 to 15 mol% of vinyl acetate and 0.1 to 12 mol%, in particular 0.2 to 5 mol% of the respective long-chain vinyl ester, the total comonomer content being between 8 and 21 mol%, preferably between 12 and 18 mol% is.
- copolymers contain besides ethylene and 8 to 18 mol% of vinyl esters or 0.5 to 10 mol% of olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, Hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, Hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- the copolymers A preferably have molecular weights which correspond to melt viscosities at 140 ° C. of 20 to 10,000 mPas, in particular 30 to 5,000 mPas and especially 50 to 1,000 mPas.
- the determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy degrees of branching are preferably between 1 and 9 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, especially between 2 and 6 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, such as 2.5 to 5 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups not derived from the comonomers.
- the copolymers (A) are prepared by the usual copolymerization methods such as for example suspension polymerization, solvent polymerization, Gas phase polymerization or high-pressure mass polymerization produced.
- the Polymerization in a multizone reactor the difference in temperature between the peroxide dosages along the tubular reactor is kept as low as possible, i. ⁇ 50 ° C, preferably ⁇ 30 ° C, in particular ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the differ Temperature maxima in the individual reaction zones by less than 30 ° C, more preferably less than 20 ° C and especially less than 10 ° C.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides, peroxides and azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl per-maleate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di- (t-butyl) peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).
- the initiators are used singly or as a mixture of two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .
- High pressure bulk polymerization is used in known high pressure reactors, e.g. Autoclaves or tube reactors, discontinuous or continuous, Tube reactors have proven particularly useful. Solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, benzene or toluene, may be included in the reaction mixture. Preferably, this is essentially solvent-free operation.
- Polymerization is the mixture of the monomers, the initiator and, if used, the moderator, a tubular reactor via the reactor inlet and above supplied to one or more side branches.
- Preferred moderators are for example Hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propane or propene, aldehydes such as, for example, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and alcohols such as butanol.
- the Comonomers as well as moderators can do this together with ethylene as well as metered separately via side streams in the reactor.
- the Monomer streams may be composed differently (EP-A-0 271 738 and EP-A-0 922 716).
- the mixtures differ based on the mixtures lying polymers in at least one characteristic.
- they can contain different comonomers, different comonomer contents, Have molecular weights and / or degrees of branching.
- the mixing ratio the various ethylene copolymers is preferably between 20: 1 and 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 5.
- the copolymers B are preferably derived from copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated Dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives such as lower esters and anhydrides. Preference is given to maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and especially Maleic anhydride.
- As comonomers are monoolefins with 10 to 20, in particular especially suitable with 12 - 18 carbon atoms. These are preferably linear and the Double bond is preferably terminal such as in dodecene, tridecene, Tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene and octadecene.
- the ratio of Maleic anhydride to olefin or olefins in the polymer is preferably in the range 1: 1.5 to 1.5: 1, especially it is equimolar.
- the preparation of the copolymers B) according to the invention is preferably carried out at Temperatures between 50 and 220 ° C, in particular 100 to 190 ° C, especially 130 to 170 ° C.
- the preferred manufacturing process is the solvent-free Bulk polymerization, but it is also possible, the polymerization in the presence aprotic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene or higher-boiling aromatic, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents or
- Solvent mixtures such as kerosene or solvent naphtha perform.
- the polymerization is preferably in moderately moderating, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents.
- the average molecular weight of the copolymers B according to the invention is in the general between 1,200 and 200,000 g / mol, in particular between 2,000 and 100,000 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against Polystyrene standards in THF.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Inventive copolymers B must be in practice-relevant Dosiermengen be oil-soluble, that is, they must be in the zu dissolve additivierenden oil at 50 ° C residue-free.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides and peroxides such as e.g. Cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, Dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl per-maleate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di- (t-butyl) peroxide, and azo compounds such as e.g.
- the initiators will be individually or as a mixture of two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, based on the monomer mixture, used.
- the copolymers can be prepared either by esterification of maleic, fumaric and / or Itaconic acid with the corresponding alcohols and subsequent copolymerization or by copolymerization of olefin or olefins with itacon and / or Maleic anhydride and subsequent esterification are produced.
- This esterification takes place in both cases, for example by reaction with 0.8 to 2.5 moles of alcohol per mole of anhydride, preferably with 1.0 to 2.0 moles of alcohol per mole Anhydride at 50 to 300 ° C.
- esterification temperatures of about 70 to 120 ° C. prefers.
- larger amounts of alcohol preferably 2 moles of alcohol per mole Anhydride formed at 100-300 ° C, preferably 120-250 ° C diester.
- the Reaction water can be distilled off by means of an inert gas or in Presence of an organic solvent discharged by azeotropic distillation become.
- a half-ester will be here Copolymers having acid numbers of 30-70 mg KOH / g, preferably 40-60 mg KOH / g considered. Copolymers with acid numbers of less than 40, especially less than 30 mg KOH / g are considered as diesters. Particularly preferred are half esters.
- Suitable alcohols are in particular linear, but they may also be subordinate Quantities, e.g. up to 30% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and especially up to 10 wt .-% (in 1- or 2-position) branched alcohols. Shorter as well longer chain alcohols can be used, but their proportion is preferably lower 20 mol% and especially less than 10 mol%, such as between 1 and 5 mol% based on the total amount of the alcohols used. When calculating the Q-factors do not become these shorter and longer chain alcohols, if present because they do not contribute to the effectiveness of the additives.
- Particularly preferred alcohols are octanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, Tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol and hexadecanol.
- mixtures of the invention Copolymers B are used, provided that the mean of the Q values of the Mixture components in turn values from 21.0 to 28.0, preferably values of 22.0 to 27.0 and especially values from 23.0 to 26.0.
- the mixing ratio of the additives A and B according to the invention is (in Parts by weight) 20: 1 to 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 2.
- the additives according to the invention are oils in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 1 wt .-% and especially added 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%. there they may be dissolved as such or dissolved in solvents, e.g. aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures such as e.g.
- the additives according to the invention preferably contain 1-80%, especially 10 - 70%, in particular 25 - 60% solvent.
- the fuel oil is F2, the often referred to as “biodiesel”, “biofuel” or “biofuel” to Fatty acid alkyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Usually a major part of the fatty acids contains one, two or three Double bonds.
- oils F2 derived from animal or vegetable material examples include rapeseed oil, coriander oil, soybean oil, Cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, almond oil, Palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard seed oil, beef tallow, bone oil, fish oils and used cooking oils.
- oils derived from wheat, jute, Sesame, Scheabaumnuß, Arachisöl and linseed oil derive can from these oils according to the prior art derived from known methods.
- Rapeseed oil containing a mixture of glycerin is partially esterified fatty acids is preferred because it is available in large quantities and is readily available by squeezing rapeseed. Furthermore are the also widespread oils of sunflower and soy and their Mixtures with rapeseed oil are preferred.
- biofuels F2 are lower alkyl esters of fatty acids.
- commercial mixtures of ethyl, propyl, butyl and in particular methyl esters of fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaeostearic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid, gadoleic acid, docosanoic acid or Erucic acid, which preferably has an iodine value of 50 to 150, in particular 90 to 125 have.
- Mixtures with particularly advantageous properties are those which mainly, i. at least 50% by weight, methyl esters of 16-22 fatty acids Carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
- the preferred ones lower alkyl esters of fatty acids are the methyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, Linolenic acid and erucic acid.
- a biofuel is an oil derived from vegetable or animal material or is obtained or a derivative thereof, which as fuel and especially as diesel or heating oil can be used.
- vegetable oil derivatives are preferred, particularly preferred biofuels alkyl ester derivatives of rapeseed oil, Cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or palm oil are, being Rapsölchuremethylester, sunflower oil and Sojaölchuremethylester are very particularly preferred.
- biofuel or as a component in biofuel are also used grease esters such as used fat methyl ester.
- mineral oil component F1 in particular middle distillates are suitable, by Crude oil distillation and boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C, For example, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
- Middle distillates used, the 0.05 wt .-% sulfur and less, especially preferably less than 350 ppm sulfur, in particular less than 200 ppm sulfur and in special cases less than 50 ppm of sulfur, such as less than Contain 10 ppm of sulfur.
- These are generally such Middle distillates which have been subjected to a hydrogenating refining, and therefore contain only low levels of polyaromatic and polar compounds.
- these are middle distillates, the 95% distillation points below 370 ° C, in particular 350 ° C and in special cases below 330 ° C.
- synthetic fuels such as those according to the Fischer-Tropsch process are accessible, are suitable as middle distillates.
- the additive can be added to the oil to be added according to known in the art Method be supplied. If more than one additive component or Coadditive component should be used, such components may be together or separately in any combination and order into the oil.
- the additives according to the invention allow the CFPP value of mixtures to be determined Improve biodiesel and mineral oils much more efficiently than with known additives of the prior art.
- the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous in Oil mixtures whose mineral oil component F1) has a boiling width between the 20 and 90% distillation point of less than 120 ° C, especially less than 110 ° C. and especially less than 100 ° C.
- they are special advantageous in oil mixtures whose mineral oil component F1) has a cloud point of below -4 ° C, especially from -6 ° C to -20 ° C such as from -8 ° C to -20 ° C has, as they are used for use especially in winter.
- the additives of the invention are particularly advantageous in oil mixtures containing more than 11% by volume of biofuel F 2, preferably more than 12% by volume of biofuel F 2 and especially more than 15% by volume Biofuel F2 such as 15 to 35% by volume of biofuel F2 included.
- the in addition, additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous in problematic oils whose biofuel component F2 has a high content Saturated fatty acid esters of more than 4%, in particular more than 5% and specifically from 7 to 25%, such as from 8 to 20%, such as for example in oils from sunflower and soy is the case.
- Such biofuels have prefers a cloud point above -5 ° C and especially above -3 ° C.
- Oil mixtures F) in which the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous Have cloud points above -9 ° C and especially above -6 ° C. It is thus also possible with the additives according to the invention Rapsölklaremethylester and sunflower and / or soybean oil fatty acid methyl ester to adjust the oil mixtures to CFPP values of -22 ° C and below.
- the additives according to the invention also together with one or more oil-soluble co-additives be used, which already by itself the cold flow properties of Improve crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
- oil-soluble co-additives are polar compounds which differ from the polymers B according to the invention and which cause a paraffin dispersion (paraffin dispersants), Alkylphenol condensates, esters and ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds, Olefin copolymers and oil-soluble amphiphiles.
- the additives according to the invention can be used to further reduce the Sedimentation in the cold precipitated paraffins and fatty acid esters in mixture with Paraffin dispersants are used.
- Paraffin dispersants reduce the size the paraffin and fatty acid ester crystals and cause the paraffin particles to do not settle, but colloidally with significantly reduced Sedimentationsbestreben, remain dispersed.
- As paraffin dispersants both low molecular weight and also polymeric, oil-soluble compounds having ionic or polar groups, e.g. Amine salts and / or amides proven.
- paraffin dispersants contain reaction products of secondary fatty amines with 20 to 44 carbon atoms, especially dicocosamine, ditallow fatty amine, distearylamine and dibehenylamine with Carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
- secondary fatty amines with 20 to 44 carbon atoms, especially dicocosamine, ditallow fatty amine, distearylamine and dibehenylamine with Carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
- Paraffin dispersants obtained by reaction of aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic amines, with aliphatic or aromatic Mono-, di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids or their anhydrides are obtained (see.
- paraffin dispersants are copolymers of the Maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds, optionally with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols are reacted can (see EP 0 154 177) and the reaction products of Alkenylspirobislactonen with amines (cf., EP 0 413 279 B1) and according to EP-A-0 606 055 A2 reaction products of terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols.
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are, for example, in Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, p 3351 et seq described.
- the alkyl radicals of the o- or p-alkylphenol can be used in the case of the additives according to the invention
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins may be the same or different and have 1-50, preferably 1 to 20, in particular 4 to 12, carbon atoms; it is preferable to n-, iso- and tert-butyl, n- and iso-pentyl, n- and iso-hexyl, n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n- and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl and octadecyl.
- the aliphatic Aldehyde in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Particularly preferred aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, especially formaldehyde.
- the molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is 400-10,000, preferably 400-5000 g / mol. Prerequisite here is that the Resins are oil soluble.
- these alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are those which are oligomers or polymers having a repeating structural unit of the formula wherein R 5 is C 1 -C 50 alkyl or alkenyl and n is a number from 2 to 100.
- R 5 is preferably C 4 -C 20 -alkyl or -alkenyl and in particular C 6 -C 16 -alkyl or -alkenyl.
- n is a number from 4 to 50 and especially from 5 to 25.
- Suitable flow improvers are polyoxyalkylene compounds such as For example, esters, ethers and ethers / esters containing at least one alkyl radical with 12 bis Wear 30 C atoms.
- esters, ethers and ethers / esters containing at least one alkyl radical with 12 bis Wear 30 C atoms.
- the alkyl groups are derived from an acid, the Remainder of a polyhydric alcohol; the alkyl radicals come from a fatty alcohol, so the rest of the compound is from a polyacid.
- Suitable polyols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols and their copolymers having a molecular weight of about 100 to about 5000, preferably 200 to 2000.
- alkoxylates of polyols such as for example, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, as well as the oligomers obtainable therefrom by condensation with 2 to 10 Monomer units, e.g. Polyglycerol.
- Preferred alkoxylates are those of 1 to 100, in particular 5 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per mole Polyol. Esters are especially preferred.
- Fatty acids containing 12 to 26 carbon atoms are preferred for reaction with the polyols to form the ester additives, preferably using C 18 to C 24 fatty acids, especially stearic and behenic acid.
- the esters can also be prepared by esterification of polyoxyalkylated alcohols. Preference is given to completely esterified polyoxyalkylated polyols having molecular weights of 150 to 2,000, preferably 200 to 1,500. Particularly suitable are PEG-600 dibehenate and glycerol-ethylene glycol tribehenate.
- Suitable olefin polymers as part of the additive according to the invention may be derived directly from monoethylenically unsaturated monomers or indirectly by Hydrogenation of polymers derived from polyunsaturated monomers such as Isoprene or butadiene derived, are produced.
- Preferred copolymers contain in addition to ethylene structural units derived from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 24 carbon atoms and have molecular weights of up to 120,000.
- Preferred ⁇ -olefins are Propylene, butene, isobutene, n-hexene, isohexene, n-octene, isooctene, n-decene, isodecene.
- the comonomer content of olefins is preferably between 15 and 50 mol%, more preferably between 20 and 35 mol% and especially between 30 and 45 mol%. These copolymers can also be minor amounts, e.g. up to 10 mol% other comonomers such as e.g. non-terminal olefins or non-conjugated olefins contain. Preferred are ethylene-propylene copolymers.
- the olefin copolymers can prepared by known methods, e.g. by Ziegler or metallocene catalysts.
- olefin copolymers are block copolymers containing blocks of olefinically unsaturated aromatic monomers A and blocks of hydrogenated polyolefins B.
- Particularly suitable are block copolymers of the structure (AB) n A and (AB) m , where n is a number between 1 and 10 and m is a number between 2 and 10.
- the mixing ratio (in parts by weight) of the additives according to the invention Paraffin dispersants, comb polymers, alkylphenol condensates, Each of polyoxyalkylene derivatives and olefin copolymers is 1:10 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1, such as 1: 1 to 4: 1.
- the additives can be used alone or together with other additives be, e.g. with other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids, with Antioxidants, cetane improvers, dehazers, demulsifiers, detergents, Dispersants, defoamers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, Conductivity improvers, sludge inhibitors, odorants and / or additives to Humiliation of the cloud point.
- other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids with Antioxidants, cetane improvers, dehazers, demulsifiers, detergents, Dispersants, defoamers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, Conductivity improvers, sludge inhibitors, odorants and / or additives to Humiliation of the cloud point.
- the CFPP value is determined according to EN 116 and the determination of the cloud point according to ISO 3015. Both properties are determined in ° C. Characterization of the biofuel oils (F2) used Oil no. CP CFPP E 1 Rapsölklaremethylester -2.3 -14 ° C E 2 80% rapeseed oil methyl ester + 20% sunflower oil methyl ester -1.6 -10 ° C E 3 90% rapeseed oil methyl ester + 10% soybean oil methyl ester -2.0 -8 ° C C chain distribution of the fatty acid methyl esters used for the preparation of the test oils (main constituents,% by volume according to GC): C 16 C 16 ' C 18 C 18 ' C 18 " C 18 '" C 20 C 20 ' C 22 ⁇ saturated RME 4.5 0.5 1.7 61.6 18.4 8.7 0.7 1.5 0.4 7.3 SBME 6.0 0.1 3.8 28.7 58.7 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 10.8 SojaME 10.4 0.1 4.1 24.8 51.3
- the ethylene copolymers used are commercial products having the characteristics given in Table 4. The products were used as 65% settings in kerosene. Characterization of the ethylene copolymers (A) used example Comonomer (s) V140 CH 3/100 CH 2 A1 13.6 mole% vinyl acetate 130 mPas 3.7 A2 13.7 mole percent vinyl acetate and 1.4 mole percent vinyl neodecanoate 105 mPas 5.3 A3 i) 14.0 mol% vinyl acetate and 1.6 mol% vinyl neodecanoate and ii) 12.9 mol% of vinyl acetate in the ratio i): ii) of 6: 1 97 mPas 145 mPas 4.7 5.4
- the esterifications are carried out in the presence of solvent naphtha (40 to 50 wt .-%) at 90 to 100 ° C for half ester and at 160 to 180 ° C with azeotropic culling of water of reaction to diester.
- the degree of esterification is inversely proportional to the acid number.
- the further flow improvers used C are commercial products with the characteristics given in Table 6. The products were used as 50% settings in solvent naphtha. Characterization of the further flow improvers used C3 Reaction product of a copolymer of C 14 / C 16 olefin and maleic anhydride with 2 equivalents of secondary tallow fatty amine per maleic anhydride unit C4 Reaction product of phthalic anhydride with 2 equivalents of di (hydrogenated tallow fatty amine) to the amide ammonium salt C5
- Nonylphenol resin prepared by condensing a mixture of dodecylphenol with formaldehyde, Mw 2000 g / mol C6 Mixture of 2 parts C3 and 1 part C5 C7 Mixture of equal parts C4 and C5
- the CFPP value (according to EN 116, in ° C) of various biofuels according to the above table was determined after addition of 1200 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm of additive mixture. Percentages refer to parts by weight in the respective mixtures.
- the results presented in Tables 5 to 7 show that comb polymers with the factor Q according to the invention achieve excellent CFPP reductions even at low dosing rates and offer additional potential at higher dosing rates.
- Ethylene copolymer comb polymer co-additive CFPP 100 ppm 150 ppm 200 ppm 300 ppm 15 80% A3 20% B1 150 ppm C6 -20 -20 -21 -24 16 80% A3 20% B2 150 ppm C6 -20 -22 -25 -24 17 80% A3 20% B3 150 ppm C6 -20 -20 -24 -25 18 80% A3 20% B4 150 ppm C6 -20 -21 -23 -26 19 75% A3 25% B5 150 ppm C6 -19 -20 -26 20 85% A1 15% B6 150 ppm C6 -20 -22 -24 -27 21 80% A1 20% B9 150 ppm C7 -20 -22 -25 -27 22 (V) 80% A3 20% B10 150 ppm C6 -19 -20 -19 -20 23 (V) 80% A3 20% B11 150 ppm C6 -9 -14 -18 -19 24 (V) 80% A1 20% B10
- Ethylene copolymer comb polymer CFPP 100 ppm 200 ppm 250 ppm 300 ppm 26 80% A3 20% B1 -17 -20 -25 -26 27 80% A3 20% B2 -21 -24 -23 -26 28 80% A3 20% B3 -21 -23 -25 -27 29 80% A3 20% B4 -20 -23 -26 -29 30 80% A3 20% B5 -16 -20 -26 -26 31 75% A1 25% B6 -20 -23 -26 -29 32 75% A1 25% B9 -21 -24 -25 -28 33 (V) 80% A3 20% B10 -17 -19 -22 -23 34 (V) 80% A3 20% B11 -10 -16 -17 -21 35 (V) 80% A1 20% B12 -15 -17 -19 -21 36 (V) 100% A1 - -11 -20 -22 -22 -22 -22 -22
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Abstract
Description
- w1
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- w2
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Estergruppen von Monomer 2,
- n1
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- n2
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Estergruppen von Monomer 2,
- i
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1, und
- j
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Estergruppen von Monomer 2 sind.
- R1
- Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
- R2
- Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl,
- m
- eine Zahl von 1 bis 100,
- R3
- C1-C24-Alkyl, C5-C20-Cycloalkyl, C6-C18-Aryl oder -C(O)-R4,
- R4
- C1-C40-Alkyl, C5-C10-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl, bedeuten.
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Biobrennstofföle (F2) | |||
Öl Nr. | CP | CFPP | |
E 1 | Rapsölsäuremethylester | -2,3 | -14°C |
E 2 | 80% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 20 % Sonnenblumenölsäuremethylester | -1,6 | -10°C |
E 3 | 90% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 10 % Sojaölsäuremethylester | -2,0 | -8°C |
C-Kettenverteilung der zur Herstellung der Testöle eingesetzten Fettsäuremethylester (Hauptbestandteile; Fl.-% gemäß GC): | ||||||||||
C16 | C16' | C18 | C18' | C18" | C18'" | C20 | C20' | C22 | Σ gesättigt | |
RME | 4,5 | 0,5 | 1,7 | 61,6 | 18,4 | 8,7 | 0,7 | 1,5 | 0,4 | 7,3 |
SBME | 6,0 | 0,1 | 3,8 | 28,7 | 58,7 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,7 | 10,8 |
SojaME | 10,4 | 0,1 | 4,1 | 24,8 | 51,3 | 6,9 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 15,4 |
RME = Rapsölsäuremethylester; | ||||||||||
SBME = Sonnenblumenölsäuremethylester; | ||||||||||
SojaME = Sojaölsäuremethylester |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Mineralöle (F1) | |||
D1 | D2 | D3 | |
Siedebeginn | 193°C | 181 °C | 200°C |
20 % Destillation | 230°C | 235°C | 247°C |
90% Destillation | 332°C | 344°C | 339°C |
95% Destillation | 348°C | 361°C | 358°C |
(90-20)% Destillation | 102°C | 109°C | 92°C |
Cloud Point | -6,0°C | -8,2°C | -4,7°C |
CFPP | -8°C | -12°C | -9°C |
S-Gehalt | 20 ppm | 32 ppm | 9 ppm |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Ethylen-Copolymere (A) | |||
Beispiel | Comonomer(e) | V140 | CH3/100 CH2 |
A1 | 13,6 Mol-% Vinylacetat | 130 mPas | 3,7 |
A2 | 13,7 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,4 Mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester | 105 mPas | 5,3 |
A3 | i) 14,0 mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,6 mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester und ii) 12,9 mol-% Vinylacetat im Verhältnis i) : ii) von 6 : 1 | 97 mPas 145 mPas | 4,7 5,4 |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Kammpolymere (B) | ||||
Beispiel | Comonomere | Alkohol | Q | Säurezahl [mg KOH/g] |
B1 | MSA-co-C12/14-α-Olefin (1: 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 21,0 | 14,0 |
B2 | MSA-co-C12/14-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 23,0 | 51,1 |
B3 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 23,0 | 8,5 |
B4 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 25,0 | 48,2 |
B5 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C14 | 27,0 | 51,0 |
B6 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | 85% C12 15 % C16 | 25,6 | 49,9 |
B7 | MSA-co-C16-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 26,0 | 12,3 |
B8 | MSA-co-C16-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C10 | 24,0 | 47,9 |
B9 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin-co-Allylmethylpolyglykol (1 : 0,45 : 0,45 : 0,1) | C12 | 25,0 | 45,8 |
B10 (V) | MSA-co-C10-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 20,0 | 48,8 |
B11 (V) | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C16 | 29,0 | 16,5 |
B12 (V) | Fumarat-Vinylacetat | C14 | n. a. | 0,4 |
n.a. = nicht anwendbar (V) = Vergleichsbeispiel |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten weiteren Fließverbesserer | |
C3 | Umsetzungsprodukt eines Copolymers aus C14/C16-Olefin und Maleinsäureanhydrid mit 2 Equivalenten sekundärem Talgfettamin pro Maleinsäureanhydrideinheit |
C4 | Umsetzungsprodukt von Phthalsäureanhydrid mit 2 Equivalenten di(hydriertem Talgfettamin) zum Amid-Ammoniumsalz |
C5 | Nonylphenolharz, hergestellt durch Kondensation einer Mischung von Dodecylphenol mit Formaldehyd, Mw 2000 g/mol |
C6 | Mischung aus 2 Teilen C3 und 1 Teil C5 |
C7 | Mischung aus gleichen Teilen C4 und C5 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 75 Vol.-% Testöl D1 und 25 Vol-% Testöl E1 (CP = -5,2°C; CFPP = -9°C) | ||||||
Bsp. | Fließ- | Kammpolymer / | CFPP nach Zusatz von Fließverbesserer | |||
verbesserer | Coadditiv | 50 ppm | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | 200ppm | |
1 | A2 | 150 ppm B1 | -15 | -17 | -19 | -21 |
2 | A2 | 150 ppm B2 | -14 | -18 | -20 | -22 |
3 | A2 | 150 ppm B3 | -18 | -19 | -19 | -21 |
4 | A2 | 150 ppm B4 | -19 | -21 | -22 | -23 |
5 | A2 | 150 ppm B5 | -20 | -21 | -21 | -21 |
6 | A1 | 150 ppm B6 | -20 | -20 | -22 | -23 |
7 | A1 | 100 ppm B7 | -19 | -20 | -20 | -22 |
8 | A1 | 100 ppm B8 | -19 | -19 | -20 | -21 |
9 | A1 | 100 ppm B9 | -21 | -20 | -22 | -23 |
10 | A2 | 75 ppm B4 75 ppm A4 | -19 | -21 | -23 | -26 |
11 (V) | A2 | 150 ppm B10 | -12 | -14 | -17 | -19 |
12 (V) | A2 | 150 ppm B11 | -7 | -11 | -16 | -18 |
13 (V) | A2 | 150 ppm B12 | -10 | -11 | -15 | -20 |
14 (V) | A2 | - | -11 | -16 | -17 | -19 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 70 Vol.-% Testöl D2 und 30 Vol-% Testöl E3 (CP = -5,8°C; CFPP = -12°C) | |||||||
Bsp. | Ethylen-Copolymer | Kammpolymer | Coadditiv | CFPP | |||
100 ppm | 150 ppm | 200 ppm | 300 ppm | ||||
15 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B1 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -20 | -21 | -24 |
16 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B2 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -22 | -25 | -24 |
17 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B3 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -20 | -24 | -25 |
18 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B4 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -21 | -23 | -26 |
19 | 75 % A3 | 25 % B5 | 150 ppm C6 | -19 | -20 | -20 | -26 |
20 | 85 % A1 | 15 % B6 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -22 | -24 | -27 |
21 | 80 % A1 | 20 % B9 | 150 ppm C7 | -20 | -22 | -25 | -27 |
22 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B10 | 150 ppm C6 | -19 | -20 | -19 | -20 |
23 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B11 | 150 ppm C6 | -9 | -14 | -18 | -19 |
24 (V) | 80 % A1 | 20 % B12 | 150 ppm C7 | -15 | -16 | -18 | -22 |
25 (V) | 100 % A1 | - | 150 ppm C6 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -22 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 80 Vol.-% Testöl D3 und 20 Vol.-% Testöl E2 (CP = -3,3°C; CFPP = -10°C) | ||||||
Bsp. | Ethylen-Copolymer | Kammpolymer | CFPP | |||
100 ppm | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | 300 ppm | |||
26 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B1 | -17 | -20 | -25 | -26 |
27 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B2 | -21 | -24 | -23 | -26 |
28 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B3 | -21 | -23 | -25 | -27 |
29 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B4 | -20 | -23 | -26 | -29 |
30 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B5 | -16 | -20 | -26 | -26 |
31 | 75 % A1 | 25 % B6 | -20 | -23 | -26 | -29 |
32 | 75 % A1 | 25 % B9 | -21 | -24 | -25 | -28 |
33 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B10 | -17 | -19 | -22 | -23 |
34 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B11 | -10 | -16 | -17 | -21 |
35 (V) | 80 % A1 | 20 % B12 | -15 | -17 | -19 | -21 |
36 (V) | 100 % A1 | ― | -11 | -20 | -22 | -22 |
Claims (18)
- w1
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- w2
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Estergruppen von Monomer 2,
- n1
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- n2
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Estergruppen von Monomer 2,
- i
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1, und
- j
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Estergruppen von Monomer 2 sind.
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WO2006128881A1 (en) * | 2005-05-30 | 2006-12-07 | Monsanto S.A.S. | A new biodiesel composition |
EP1728846A1 (de) * | 2005-05-30 | 2006-12-06 | Monsanto S.A.S. | Eine neue Biodieselzusammensetzung |
EP1746146A1 (de) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Copolymere auf Basis von Olefinen und Estern von ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren zur Erniedrigung des CP-Werts von Brennstoffölen und Schmierstoffen |
EP1746147A1 (de) * | 2005-07-22 | 2007-01-24 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Copolymere auf Basis von Olefinen und Estern von ethylenisch ungesättigten Carbonsäuren zur Erniedrigung des CP-Werts von Brennstoffölen und Schmierstoffen |
US8124845B2 (en) | 2006-01-04 | 2012-02-28 | Monsanto S.A.S. | FAD-2 mutants and high oleic plants |
US8143485B2 (en) | 2006-03-21 | 2012-03-27 | Monsanto S.A.S. | FAD-2 mutants and high oleic plants |
WO2007113035A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen umfassend nachwachsende rohstoffe |
EP1857530A1 (de) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Zusammensetzung von Brennstoffölen |
EP1857531A1 (de) * | 2006-05-16 | 2007-11-21 | Clariant International Ltd. | Zusammensetzung von Brennstoffölen |
RU2588493C2 (ru) * | 2011-03-30 | 2016-06-27 | Басф Се | Сополимеризат и его применение для улучшения свойств текучести при низких температурах среднедистиллятных топлив |
WO2012130824A1 (de) * | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | Basf Se | Copolymerisat und seine verwendung zur verbesserung der kaltfliesseigenschaften von mitteldestillat-kraftstoffen |
CN103459357A (zh) * | 2011-03-30 | 2013-12-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 共聚物及其在改进中间馏分燃料的冷流性能中的用途 |
US8790424B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2014-07-29 | Basf Se | Copolymer and use thereof for improving the cold flow properties of middle distillate fuels |
CN103459357B (zh) * | 2011-03-30 | 2015-04-08 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 共聚物及其在改进中间馏分燃料的冷流性能中的用途 |
EP3363879A3 (de) * | 2014-01-29 | 2018-10-03 | Basf Se | Dieselkraftstoffe, enthaltend polycarbonsäure-basierte additive |
CN104403706A (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-11 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种新型柴油蜡晶分散剂 |
CN104403706B (zh) * | 2014-11-20 | 2016-06-22 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种新型柴油蜡晶分散剂 |
WO2018108534A1 (de) | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Basf Se | Polymere als dieselkraftstoffadditive für direkteinspritzende dieselmotoren |
CN110088253A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-08-02 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 作为燃料添加剂的聚合物 |
US10947467B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2021-03-16 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels |
US20210163837A1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-06-03 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels |
CN110088253B (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2022-03-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 作为燃料添加剂的聚合物 |
US11566196B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2023-01-31 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels |
RU2684412C1 (ru) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-04-09 | Публичное акционерное общество "Нефтяная компания "Роснефть" (ПАО "НК "Роснефть") | Депрессорно-диспергирующая присадка к дизельному топливу, способ ее получения и способ получения депрессорного и диспергирующего компонентов депрессорно-диспергирующей присадки |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101139277B1 (ko) | 2012-04-26 |
DE10357877A1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
JP2005171260A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
US20050126071A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2489752C (en) | 2012-09-11 |
EP1541664B1 (de) | 2015-11-18 |
CA2489752A1 (en) | 2005-06-11 |
DE10357877B4 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
KR20050058225A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
JP5025082B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
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