EP1541663A1 - Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften - Google Patents
Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1541663A1 EP1541663A1 EP20040028307 EP04028307A EP1541663A1 EP 1541663 A1 EP1541663 A1 EP 1541663A1 EP 20040028307 EP20040028307 EP 20040028307 EP 04028307 A EP04028307 A EP 04028307A EP 1541663 A1 EP1541663 A1 EP 1541663A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- fuel oil
- oil composition
- composition according
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 title abstract description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 7,7-dimethyloctanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCCC(=O)OC=C TVFJAZCVMOXQRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Hexadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN FJLUATLTXUNBOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN JPZYXGPCHFZBHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-methyldodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCO XUJLWPFSUCHPQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCN MHZGKXUYDGKKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 101500021084 Locusta migratoria 5 kDa peptide Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetradecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCN PLZVEHJLHYMBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpent-1-ene Chemical group CC(=C)CC(C)(C)C FXNDIJDIPNCZQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OC=C IGBZOHMCHDADGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 6,6-dimethylheptanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CCCCC(=O)OC=C WBZPMFHFKXZDRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCN FJDUDHYHRVPMJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- -1 alkyl vinyl ether Chemical compound 0.000 abstract description 63
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 21
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 46
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 34
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 34
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 7
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(O)=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 4
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(C(=O)N)=CC2=C1 GYSCBCSGKXNZRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Decanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004165 Methyl ester of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Myristic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019508 mustard seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC GMTCPFCMAHMEMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLQPXAQSJNFRRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC MLQPXAQSJNFRRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVWDMDSWVYUDRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC WVWDMDSWVYUDRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AALGJIBQIZWZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-decyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCC AALGJIBQIZWZBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUISWUAUMRRNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-docosyldocosan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC QUISWUAUMRRNFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyldodecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC MJCJUDJQDGGKOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYCRIZYAKFKWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC DYCRIZYAKFKWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MZKSBYBYCXBNGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCC MZKSBYBYCXBNGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQYKSVOHDVVDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NQYKSVOHDVVDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- MFHKEJIIHDNPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nonylnonan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCC MFHKEJIIHDNPQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HKUFIYBZNQSHQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBBUHNHUKKIQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octyldecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC UBBUHNHUKKIQAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNINKRREURXOMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tetradecylhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCC QNINKRREURXOMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSUGDXPUFCVGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tetradecyltetradecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HSUGDXPUFCVGES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1C2CCC1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000196 poly(lauryl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000141 poly(maleic anhydride) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001444 polymaleic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012673 precipitation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011877 solvent mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert‐butyl hydroperoxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OO CIHOLLKRGTVIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1966—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof poly-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to mineral fuel oils containing ingredients of vegetable or animal origin with improved cold properties and the Use of an additive as a cold flow improver for such fuel oils.
- biofuels include, in particular, natural oils and fats of plant or animal origin. These are typically triglycerides of fatty acids with 10 to 24 C atoms, which have a calorific value comparable to conventional fuels, but at the same time are considered less harmful to the environment.
- Biofuels ie fuels derived from animal or plant material, are obtained from renewable sources and thus produce only as much CO 2 as was previously converted into biomass. It has been reported that combustion produces less carbon dioxide than equivalent amounts of petroleum distillate fuel, eg, diesel fuel, and that very little sulfur dioxide is produced. In addition, they are biodegradable.
- Oils obtained from animal or vegetable material are mainly metabolites comprising triglycerides of monocarboxylic acids, eg of acids having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and the formula in which R is an aliphatic radical of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated.
- oils contain glycerides of a number of acids whose Number and variety varies with the source of the oil, and they may additionally Contain phosphoglycerides.
- Such oils may be known in the art Procedures are obtained.
- EP-B-0 665 873 discloses a fuel oil composition containing a biofuel, a petroleum based fuel oil and an additive comprising (a) an oil soluble Ethylene copolymer or (b) a comb polymer or (c) a polar nitrogen compound or (d) a compound in which at least one substantially linear alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms with a non-polymeric organic radical is connected to provide at least one linear chain of atoms that the Carbon atoms of the alkyl groups and one or more non-terminal ones Including oxygen atoms, or (e) one or more of components (a), (b), (c) and (d).
- EP-B-0 153 176 discloses the use of polymers based on unsaturated C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid di-alkyl esters having average alkyl chain lengths of 12 to 14 as cold flow improvers for certain petroleum distillate fuel oils.
- Suitable comonomers are unsaturated esters, in particular vinyl acetate, but also ⁇ -olefins.
- EP-B-0 746 598 discloses comb polymers as a cold additive in fuel oils containing a Cloud point of at most -10 ° C.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the above defined Additive containing the components A) and B), for improving the Cold flow properties of fuel oil compositions F) containing Fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of Fuel oil compositions F) containing fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin, with improved cold properties, by mixing the mixture of fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin of the above-defined additive containing the Ingredients A) and B), added.
- Preferred oils of mineral origin are middle distillates.
- Particularly preferred are mixtures which are 2 to 50% by volume, in particular 5 to 40% by volume and especially 10 to 30% by volume of biofuel oils contain. These mixtures give the additives of the invention superior Cold properties.
- R assumes values between 11.5 and 13.5, in particular 12.0 to 13.0.
- Suitable ethylene copolymers A) are those which contain from 8 to 21 mol% of one or more vinyl and / or (meth) acrylic esters and from 79 to 92% by weight of ethylene. Particularly preferred are ethylene copolymers with 10 to 18 mol% and especially 12 to 16 mol% of at least one vinyl ester.
- Suitable vinyl esters are derived from fatty acids with linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- Examples which may be mentioned are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl hexanoate, Vinylheptanoat, vinyl octanoate, vinyl laurate and vinyl stearate and branched fatty acid based esters of vinyl alcohol such as vinyl isobutyrate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, iso-Nonanklarevinylester, Neononanklavinylester, vinyl neodecanoate and Neoundecanklavinylester.
- esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid having 1 to 20 C atoms in the alkyl radical such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, n- and isobutyl (meth) acrylate, Hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures of two, three, four or more of these comonomers.
- Particularly preferred terpolymers of 2-Ethylhexanklarvinylesters, the Neononanoic or vinyl neodecanoate contain except Ethylene preferably 3.5 to 20 mol%, in particular 8 to 15 mol% of vinyl acetate and 0.1 to 12 mol%, in particular 0.2 to 5 mol% of the respective long-chain vinyl ester, the total comonomer content being between 8 and 21 mol%, preferably between 12 and 18 mol% is.
- copolymers contain besides ethylene and 8 to 18 mol% of vinyl esters or 0.5 to 10 mol% of olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, Hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, Hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- the copolymers A preferably have molecular weights which correspond to melt viscosities at 140 ° C. of from 20 to 10,000 mPas, in particular from 30 to 5,000 mPas and especially from 50 to 1,000 mPas.
- the determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy degrees of branching are preferably between 1 and 9 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, especially between 2 and 6 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, such as 2.5 to 5 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups not derived from the comonomers.
- the copolymers (A) are prepared by the usual copolymerization methods such as for example suspension polymerization, solvent polymerization, Gas phase polymerization or high-pressure mass polymerization produced.
- the Polymerization in a multizone reactor the difference in temperature between the peroxide dosages along the tubular reactor is kept as low as possible, i. ⁇ 50 ° C, preferably ⁇ 30 ° C, in particular ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the differ Temperature maxima in the individual reaction zones by less than 30 ° C, more preferably less than 20 ° C and especially less than 10 ° C.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides, peroxides and azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl per-maleate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di- (t-butyl) peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).
- the initiators are used singly or as a mixture of two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .
- High pressure bulk polymerization is used in known high pressure reactors, e.g. Autoclaves or tube reactors, discontinuous or continuous, Tube reactors have proven particularly useful. Solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, benzene or toluene, may be included in the reaction mixture. Preferably, this is essentially solvent-free operation.
- Polymerization is the mixture of the monomers, the initiator and, if used, the moderator, a tubular reactor via the reactor inlet and above supplied to one or more side branches.
- Preferred moderators are for example Hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propane or propene, aldehydes such as, for example, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and alcohols such as butanol.
- the Comonomers as well as moderators can do this together with ethylene as well as metered separately via side streams in the reactor.
- the Monomer streams may be composed differently (EP-A-0 271 738 and EP-A-0 922 716).
- the mixtures differ based on the mixtures lying polymers in at least one characteristic.
- they can contain different comonomers, different comonomer contents, Have molecular weights and / or degrees of branching.
- the mixing ratio the various ethylene copolymers is preferably between 20: 1 and 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 5.
- the copolymers B are derived from alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, alkyl acrylamides, Alkylmethacrylamiden, alkyl vinyl esters, alkyl vinyl ethers, Alkylallylethern and Alkyldiketenen having 8 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical. These comonomers are in the hereinafter referred to as comonomers B1).
- the copolymers which are Constituent B to those containing comonomers derived from esters, Amides and / or imides of ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids having 3 to 8 Carbon atoms are derived with alcohols or amines, wherein the alcohols or Amine carry alkyl radicals having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the copolymers B) may also contain comonomers B2) which comprise i) esters, amides and / or imides of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 8 C atoms and alcohols or amines having 8 to 16 C atoms in the alkyl radicals and / or or ii) C 10 to C 20 olefins.
- comonomers B2 comprise i) esters, amides and / or imides of ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids having 4 to 8 C atoms and alcohols or amines having 8 to 16 C atoms in the alkyl radicals and / or or ii) C 10 to C 20 olefins.
- the alkyl radicals of the comonomers B1 and B2 are preferably linear, but may also be minor amounts of branched isomers of up to 30 mol%, preferably up to to 20 mol% and especially 2 to 5 mol%.
- the proportion of comonomers B1) and optionally B2) in the polymer is preferably more than 50 mol%, in particular more than 70 mol% and especially at least 80 mol% such as 90 to 95 mole%.
- the proportion of monomers B2), if present, is preferably less than 80 mol%, in particular less than 50 mol% and especially at less than 20 mol% such as 2 to 10 mol% of the Total amount of monomers B1) and B2).
- Particularly preferred are the Polymers B) only from the monomers B1) and, if appropriate, B2), which then become Add 100 mol%.
- Preferred monomers of the copolymers B) are esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Maleic acid, fumaric acid and itaconic acid with octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, Dodecanol, n-tridecanol, iso-tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol and their mixtures.
- Preferred monomers are also amides and optionally imides of these acids with octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, Undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, Hexadecylamine and mixtures thereof.
- the copolymers containing component B Comonomers which esters and / or ethers of ethylenically unsaturated Alcohols having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and carboxylic acids or alcohols, which Are carrying alkyl radicals having 8 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Such preferred monomers of the copolymers B) are, for example, esters of Vinyl alcohol with octanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, nonanoic acid, neononanoic acid, Decanoic acid, neodecanoic acid, undecanoic acid, neoundecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, Tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and their Mixtures.
- Further preferred monomers of the copolymers B) are, for example, ethers of allyl especially the vinyl alcohol with octanol, nonanol, decanol, undecanol, Dodecanol, n-tridecanol, iso-tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol, hexadecanol and their mixtures.
- comonomers B2 are also olefins having 10-20 carbon atoms, preferably with 12-18 C atoms and in particular with 10-16 C atoms suitable. This is it preferably linear ⁇ -olefins with terminal double bond.
- branched olefins such as in particular Oligomers of isobutylene and propylene with 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
- alkyl (meth) acrylates alkyl (meth) acrylates, alkyl vinyl esters, alkyl vinyl ethers having 1 to 5 C atoms in the alkyl radical and ethylenically unsaturated free carboxylic acids
- acrylic acid methacrylic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and functional groups such as -OH, -SH, -N-, -CN-bearing monomers
- -OH, -SH, -N-, -CN-bearing monomers can be used in minor amounts of up to 20 mol%, preferably ⁇ 10 mol%, especially ⁇ 5 mol% may also be present in the copolymers B.
- subordinate Amounts of up to 20 mole% preferably ⁇ 10 mole%, especially ⁇ 5 mole% may also be used be further comonomers containing those with the monomers mentioned copolymerizable, e.g. Allyl polyglycol ethers, vinyl aromatics and higher molecular weight olefins such as poly (isobutylene).
- the polymers of the invention can be prepared by direct polymerization from the mentioned monomers in known polymerization processes such as bulk, solution, Emulsion, suspension or precipitation polymerization are prepared.
- esters may also be obtained by derivatization of e.g. Acid or hydroxyl groups carrying base polymer with corresponding fatty acids, fatty alcohols or Fettamines be prepared with 8 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical.
- the esterifications, Etherifications, amidations and / or imidations are carried out according to known methods Condensation process.
- the derivatization may be complete or partial.
- Partially esterified or amidated, acid-based polymers have (solvent-free) preferably acid numbers of 60-140 mg KOH / g and in particular of 80- 120 mg KOH / g.
- Copolymers with acid numbers of less than 80, especially less than 60 mg KOH / g are considered to be fully derivatized.
- Partially esterified or etherified hydroxyl-bearing polymers have OH numbers of 40 to 200 mg KOH / g, preferably 60 to 150 mg KOH / g; Copolymers with hydroxyl numbers of less as 60 and especially less than 40 mg KOH / g are considered to be fully derivatized considered. Particularly preferred are partially derivatized polymers.
- suitable acid group-bearing polymers are homo- and copolymers ethylenic unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid or their reactive equivalents such as lower ones Esters or anhydrides such as methyl methacrylate and Maleic anhydride with each other as well as with others with these acids copolymerizable monomers.
- suitable examples are poly (acrylic acid), Poly (methacrylic acid), poly (maleic acid), poly (maleic anhydride), poly (acrylic acid-co-maleic acid).
- Suitable fatty alcohols and fatty amines are especially linear, but they can also minor amounts, z. B. up to 30 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and specifically contain up to 10 wt .-% of branched alkyl radicals.
- the branches are located preferably in the 1- or 2-position. Shorter as well as longer-chain fatty alcohols or Fatty amines can be used, but their proportion is preferably below 20 mol% and especially less than 10 mol%, such as between 1 and 5 mol% based on the total amount of amines used.
- Particularly preferred fatty alcohols are octanol, decanol, undecanol, dodecanol, Tridecanol, tetradecanol, pentadecanol and hexadecanol.
- Suitable amines are primary and secondary amines having one or two C 8 -C 16 alkyl radicals. They can carry one, two or three amino groups which are linked via alkylene radicals having two or three carbon atoms. Preference is given to monoamines.
- primary amines are octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, n-tridecylamine, iso-tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred secondary amines are dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, didodecylamine, ditetradecylamine, dihexadecylamine, and amines having different alkyl chain lengths such as N-octyl-N-decylamine, N-decyl-N-dodecylamine, N-decyl-N-tetradecylamine, N-decyl N-hexadecylamine, N-dodecyl-N-tetradecylamine, N-dodecyl-N-hexadecylamine, N-tetradecyl-N-hexadecylamine.
- Secondary amines which, in addition to a C 8 -C 16 -alkyl radical, bear shorter side chains having 1 to 5 C atoms, for example methyl or ethyl groups, are suitable according to the invention.
- the alkyl chain length n is taken into account as the mean value of the alkyl chain lengths of C 8 to C 16 for the calculation of the Q factor.
- Shorter and longer alkyl radicals, if present, are not included in the calculation because they do not contribute to the effectiveness of the additives. Therefore, the proportion of shorter and longer alkyl chains is preferably less than 20 mol%, preferably less than 10 mol%, based on the total amount of amine used.
- Particularly preferred are amides derived from primary monoamines and imides.
- hydroxyl-bearing polymers are homo- and Copolymers of hydroxyl-bearing monomers such as vinyl alcohol, allyl alcohol or also hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate and Hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
- Suitable fatty acids have 8 to 16 carbon atoms in the Alkyl.
- the alkyl radical is essentially linear but may also be secondary Amounts, for example, up to 30% by weight, preferably up to 20% by weight and especially up to Contain 10 wt .-% of branched isomers.
- nonanoic acid Decanoic acid, undecanoic acid, dodecanoic acid, tridecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, Pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid and Nonadecanoic acid and mixtures thereof.
- esterification, etherification, amidation or imidation can increase the effectiveness of additives according to the invention further to special fatty acid ester compositions be adjusted.
- the molecular weights of the copolymers B according to the invention are between 1,000 and 100,000, in particular between 2,000 and 50,000 and in particular between 2,500 and 25,000 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against poly (styrene).
- Copolymers of the invention B must be in practice-relevant Dosing be oil-soluble, that is, they must be in the oil to be added dissolve residue-free at 50 ° C.
- mixtures of the invention Copolymers B provided that the average of the R values of the Mixture components in turn values from 11.0 to 14.0, preferably from 11.5 to 13.5 and in particular assumes values of 12.0 to 13.0.
- the mixing ratio of the additives A and B according to the invention is (in Parts by weight) 20: 1 to 1:20, preferably 10: 1 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 2.
- the additives according to the invention are oils in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 1 wt .-% and especially added 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%. there they may be dissolved as such or dissolved in solvents, e.g. aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures such as e.g.
- the additives according to the invention preferably contain 1-80%, especially 10 - 70%, in particular 25 - 60% solvent.
- the fuel oil is F2, the often referred to as “biodiesel”, “biofuel or” biofuel “to Fatty acid alkyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Usually a major part of the fatty acids contains one, two or three Double bonds.
- oils F2 derived from animal or vegetable material examples include rapeseed oil, coriander oil, soybean oil, Cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, almond oil, Palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard seed oil, beef tallow, bone oil, fish oils and used cooking oils.
- oils derived from wheat, jute, Sesame, Scheabaumnuß, Arachisöl and linseed oil derive can from these oils according to the prior art derived from known methods.
- Rapeseed oil containing a mixture of glycerin is partially esterified fatty acids is preferred because it is available in large quantities and is readily available by squeezing rapeseed. Furthermore are the also widespread oils of sunflower and soy and their Mixtures with rapeseed oil are preferred.
- biofuels F2 are lower alkyl esters of fatty acids.
- commercial mixtures of ethyl, propyl, butyl and in particular methyl esters of fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaeostearic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid, gadoleic acid, docosanoic acid or Erucic acid, which preferably has an iodine value of 50 to 150, in particular 90 to 125 have.
- Mixtures with particularly advantageous properties are those which mainly, d. H. at least 50% by weight, methyl esters of fatty acids with 16 to Contain 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
- the preferred ones lower alkyl esters of fatty acids are the methyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, Linolenic acid and erucic acid.
- a biofuel is an oil derived from vegetable or animal material or is obtained or a derivative thereof, which as fuel and especially as diesel or heating oil can be used.
- vegetable oil derivatives are preferred, particularly preferred biofuels alkyl ester derivatives of rapeseed oil, Cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or palm oil are, being Rapsölchuremethylester, sunflower oil and Sojaölchuremethylester are very particularly preferred.
- biofuel or as a component in biofuel are also used grease esters such as used fat methyl ester.
- mineral oil component F1 in particular middle distillates are suitable, by Crude oil distillation and boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C, For example, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
- Middle distillates used, the 0.05 wt .-% sulfur and less, especially preferably less than 350 ppm sulfur, in particular less than 200 ppm sulfur and in special cases less than 50 ppm of sulfur, such as less than Contain 10 ppm of sulfur.
- These are generally such Middle distillates which have been subjected to a hydrogenating refining, and therefore contain only low levels of polyaromatic and polar compounds.
- middle distillates Preferably, these are middle distillates, the 95% distillation points below 370 ° C, in particular 350 ° C and in special cases below 330 ° C.
- synthetic fuel as for example according to the Fischer-Tropsch process are accessible, are suitable as middle distillates.
- the additive may be added to the oil to be treated according to art known in the art Method be supplied. If more than one additive component or Coadditive component should be used, such components may be together or separately in any combination and order into the oil.
- the additives according to the invention allow the CFPP value of mixtures to be determined Improve biodiesel and mineral oils much more efficiently than with known additives of the prior art.
- the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous in Oil mixtures whose mineral oil component F1) has a boiling width between the 20 and 90% distillation point of less than 120 ° C, especially less than 110 ° C. and especially less than 100 ° C.
- they are special advantageous in oil mixtures whose mineral oil component F1) has a cloud point of below -4 ° C, especially from -6 ° C to -20 ° C such as from -7 ° C to -9 ° C has, as they are used for use especially in winter.
- the additives of the invention are particularly advantageous in oil mixtures containing more than 2% by volume of biofuel F 2, preferably more than 5% by volume of biofuel F 2 and especially more than 10% by volume Biofuel F2 such as 15 to 35 vol .-% biofuel F2 included.
- the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous in problematic oils whose biofuel component F2 has a high content Saturated fatty acid esters of more than 4%, in particular more than 5% and specifically from 7 to 25%, such as from 8 to 20%, such as for example in oils from sunflower and soy is the case.
- Such biofuels have prefers a cloud point above -5 ° C and especially above -3 ° C.
- Oil mixtures F) in which the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous Have cloud points above -9 ° C and especially over - 6 ° C. It is thus also possible with the additives according to the invention Rapsölklaremethylester and sunflower and / or soybean oil fatty acid methyl ester to adjust the oil mixtures to CFPP values of -22 ° C and below.
- the additives according to the invention also together with one or more oil-soluble co-additives be used, which already by itself the cold flow properties of Improve crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
- oil-soluble co-additives are polar compounds which differ from the polymers B according to the invention and which cause a paraffin dispersion (paraffin dispersants), Alkylphenol condensates, esters and ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds, Olefin copolymers and oil-soluble amphiphiles.
- the additives according to the invention can be used to further reduce the Sedimentation in the cold precipitated paraffins and fatty acid esters in mixture with Paraffin dispersants are used.
- Paraffin dispersants reduce the size the paraffin and fatty acid ester crystals and cause the paraffin particles to do not settle, but colloidally with significantly reduced Sedimentationsbestreben, remain dispersed.
- As paraffin dispersants both low molecular weight and also polymeric, oil-soluble compounds having ionic or polar groups, e.g. Amine salts and / or amides proven.
- paraffin dispersants contain reaction products of fatty amines with alkyl radicals having 18 to 24 C atoms, especially with secondary fatty amines such as ditallow fatty amine, distearylamine and Dibehenylamine with carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
- secondary fatty amines such as ditallow fatty amine, distearylamine and Dibehenylamine with carboxylic acids and their derivatives.
- Paraffin dispersants obtained by reaction of aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic amines, with aliphatic or aromatic Mono-, di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids or their anhydrides are obtained (see. US 4 211 534).
- amides and ammonium salts of Aminoalkylenpolycarbon Acid such as nitrilotriacetic acid or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with secondary amines as paraffin dispersants suitable (see EP 0 398 101).
- paraffin dispersants are copolymers of the Maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds, optionally with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols are reacted can (see EP 0 154 177) and the reaction products of Alkenylspirobislactonen with amines (compare EP-0 413 279 B1) and according to EP-A-0 606 055 A2 reaction products of terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols.
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are, for example, in Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, p 3351 et seq described.
- the alkyl radicals of the o- or p-alkylphenol can be used in the case of the additives according to the invention
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins may be the same or different and have 1-50, preferably 1 to 20, in particular 4 to 12, carbon atoms; it is preferable to n-, iso- and tert-butyl, n- and iso-pentyl, n- and iso-hexyl, n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n- and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl and octadecyl.
- the aliphatic Aldehyde in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Particularly preferred aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, especially formaldehyde.
- the molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is 400-10,000, preferably 400-5000 g / mol. Prerequisite here is that the Resins are oil soluble.
- these alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are those which are oligomers or polymers having a repeating structural unit of the formula wherein R 5 is C 1 -C 50 alkyl or alkenyl and n is a number from 2 to 100.
- R 5 is preferably C 4 -C 20 -alkyl or -alkenyl and in particular C 6 -C 16 -alkyl or -alkenyl.
- n is a number from 4 to 50 and especially from 5 to 25.
- Suitable flow improvers are polyoxyalkylene compounds such as For example, esters, ethers and ethers / esters containing at least one alkyl radical with 12 bis Wear 30 C atoms.
- esters, ethers and ethers / esters containing at least one alkyl radical with 12 bis Wear 30 C atoms.
- the alkyl groups are derived from an acid, the Remainder of a polyhydric alcohol; the alkyl radicals come from a fatty alcohol, so the rest of the compound is from a polyacid.
- Suitable polyols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols and their copolymers having a molecular weight of about 100 to about 5000, preferably 200 to 2000.
- alkoxylates of polyols such as for example, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, as well as the oligomers obtainable therefrom by condensation with 2 to 10 Monomer units, e.g. Polyglycerol.
- Preferred alkoxylates are those of 1 to 100, in particular 5 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per mole Polyol. Esters are especially preferred.
- Fatty acids containing 12 to 26 carbon atoms are preferred for reaction with the polyols to form the ester additives, preferably using C 18 to C 24 fatty acids, especially stearic and behenic acid.
- the esters can also be prepared by esterification of polyoxyalkylated alcohols. Preference is given to completely esterified polyoxyalkylated polyols having molecular weights of 150 to 2,000, preferably 200 to 1,500. Particularly suitable are PEG-600 dibehenate and glycerol-ethylene glycol tribehenate.
- Suitable olefin polymers as part of the additive according to the invention may be derived directly from monoethylenically unsaturated monomers or indirectly by Hydrogenation of polymers derived from polyunsaturated monomers such as Isoprene or butadiene derived, are produced.
- Preferred copolymers contain in addition to ethylene structural units derived from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 24 carbon atoms and have molecular weights of up to 120,000.
- Preferred ⁇ -olefins are Propylene, butene, isobutene, n-hexene, isohexene, n-octene, isooctene, n-decene, isodecene.
- the comonomer content of olefins is preferably between 15 and 50 mol%, more preferably between 20 and 35 mole% and especially between 30 and 45 mole%. These copolymers can also be minor amounts, e.g. up to 10 mol% more Comonomers such as e.g. non-terminal olefins or non-conjugated olefins contain. Preferred are ethylene-propylene copolymers.
- the olefin copolymers can prepared by known methods, e.g. by Ziegler or metallocene catalysts.
- olefin copolymers are block copolymers containing blocks of olefinically unsaturated aromatic monomers A and blocks of hydrogenated polyolefins B.
- Particularly suitable are block copolymers of the structure (AB) n A and (AB) m , where n is a number between 1 and 10 and m is a number between 2 and 10.
- the mixing ratio (in parts by weight) of the additives according to the invention Paraffin dispersants, comb polymers, alkylphenol condensates, Each of polyoxyalkylene derivatives and olefin copolymers is 1:10 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1, such as 1: 1 to 4: 1.
- the additives can be used alone or together with other additives be, e.g. with other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids, with Antioxidants, cetane improvers, dehazers, demulsifiers, detergents, Dispersants, defoamers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, Conductivity improvers, sludge inhibitors, odorants and / or additives to Humiliation of the cloud point.
- other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids with Antioxidants, cetane improvers, dehazers, demulsifiers, detergents, Dispersants, defoamers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, Conductivity improvers, sludge inhibitors, odorants and / or additives to Humiliation of the cloud point.
- the ethylene copolymers used are commercial products having the characteristics given in Table 4. The products were used as 65% settings in kerosene. Characterization of the ethylene copolymers (A) used example Comonomer (s) V140 CH 3 / 100CH 2 A1 13.6 mole% vinyl acetate 130 mPas 3.7 A2 13.7 mole percent vinyl acetate and 1.4 mole percent vinyl neodecanoate 105 mPas 5.3 A3 i) 14.0 mol% vinyl acetate and 1.6 mol% vinyl neodecanoate and ii) 12.9 mol% of vinyl acetate in the ratio i): ii) of 6: 1 97 mPas 145 mPas 4.7 5.4
- the further flow improvers used C are commercial products with the characteristics given in Table 6. The products were used as 50% settings in solvent naphtha. Characterization of the further flow improvers used C3 Reaction product of a copolymer of C 14 / C 16 olefin and maleic anhydride with 2 equivalents of secondary tallow fatty amine per maleic anhydride unit C4 Reaction product of phthalic anhydride with 2 equivalents of di (hydrogenated tallow fatty amine) to the amide ammonium salt C5
- Nonylphenol resin prepared by condensing a mixture of dodecylphenol with formaldehyde, Mw 2000 g / mol C6 Mixture of 2 parts C3 and 1 part C5 C7 Mixture of equal parts C4 and C5
- the CFPP value (according to EN 116, in ° C) of various biofuels according to the above table was determined after addition of 1200 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm of additive mixture. Percentages refer to parts by weight in the respective mixtures.
- the results presented in Tables 5 to 7 show that comb polymers with the factor Q according to the invention achieve excellent CFPP reductions even at low dosing rates and offer additional potential at higher dosing rates.
- flow improvers Comb polymer / coadditive CFPP after addition of flow improver 50 ppm 100 ppm 150 ppm 200ppm 1 A2 150 ppm B4 -13 -18 -19 -20 2 A1 100 ppm B6 -17 -20 -19 -21 3 A2 150 ppm B2 -18 -20 -22 -22 4 A2 150 ppm B1 -19 -21 -21 -23 5 A1 100 ppm B7 -20 -20 -22 -23 6 A1 150 ppm B5 -19 -21 -20 -22 7 A2 150 ppm B3 -16 -18 -19 -21 8th A2 75 ppm B7 75 ppm A4 -19 -22 -23 -25 9 (Cf.) A2 150 ppm B8 -11 -14 -16 -17 10 (Cf.) A2 150 ppm B9 -9 -10 -13 -16 11 (Cf.) A2 150 ppm B10 -10 -11 -15 -20 13 (Cf
- Ethylene copolymer comb polymer co-additive CFPP 100 ppm 150 ppm 200 ppm 300 ppm 14 80% A3 20% B4 150 ppm C6 -18 -20 -22 -24 15 80% A3 20% B6 150 ppm C6 -20 -21 -24 -25 16 80% A3 20% B2 150 ppm C6 -20 -21 -23 -26 17 80% A3 20% B1 150 ppm C6 -21 -22 -25 -27 18 75% A3 25% B7 150 ppm C6 -20 -20 -23 -26 19 85% A1 15% B5 150 ppm C6 -20 -22 -24 -27 20 80% A1 20% B3 150 ppm C7 -19 -21 -23 -25 21 (Cf.) 80% A3 20% B8 150 ppm C6 -17 -18 -19 -21 22 (See) 80% A1 20% B9 150 ppm C6 -11 -16 -19 -19 23 (Cf.
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Abstract
Description
worin
- m1, m2, ... m9
- die Molenbrüche der oben genannten Monomere B) im Polymer sind, wobei die Summe der Molenbrüche m1 bis mg = 1 ist,
- w1i, w1j..w2i, w2j...wgp
- die Gewichtsanteile der einzelnen Kettenlängen i, j, .... p der Alkylreste der verschiedenen Monomeren B) 1 bis g sind, und
- n1i, n1j..n2i, n2j...ngp
- die Kettenlängen der Alkylreste i, j, .... p der Monomere B) 1 bis g sind.
Als Ethylen-Copolymere A) eignen sich solche, die 8 bis 21 Mol-% eines oder mehrerer Vinyl- und/oder (Meth)acrylester und 79 bis 92 Gew.-% Ethylen enthalten. Besonders bevorzugt sind Ethylen-Copolymere mit 10 bis 18 Mol-% und speziell 12 bis 16 Mol-% mindestens eines Vinylesters. Geeignete Vinylester leiten sich von Fettsäuren mit linearen oder verzweigten Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 30 C-Atomen ab. Als Beispiele seien genannt Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylbutyrat, Vinylhexanoat, Vinylheptanoat, Vinyloctanoat, Vinyllaurat und Vinylstearat sowie auf verzweigten Fettsäuren basierende Ester des Vinylalkohols wie Vinyl-iso-butyrat, Pivalinsäurevinylester, Vinyl-2-ethylhexanoat, iso-Nonansäurevinylester, Neononansäurevinylester, Neodecansäurevinylester und Neoundecansäurevinylester. Als Comonomere ebenfalls geeignet sind Ester der Acryl- und Methacrylsäure mit 1 bis 20 C-Atomen im Alkylrest wie Methyl(meth)acrylat, Ethyl(meth)acrylat, Propyl(meth)acrylat, n- und iso-Butyl(meth)acrylat, Hexyl-, Octyl-, 2-Ethylhexyl-, Decyl-, Dodecyl-, Tetradecyl-, Hexadecyl-, Octadecyl(meth)acrylat sowie Mischungen aus zwei, drei, vier oder auch mehreren dieser Comonomere.
- R1
- Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
- R2
- Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl,
- m
- eine Zahl von 1 bis 100,
- R3
- C1-C24-Alkyl, C5-C20-Cycloalkyl, C6-C18-Aryl oder -C(O)-R4,
- R4
- C1-C40-Alkyl, C5-C10-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl, bedeuten.
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Biobrennstofföle (F2) | |||
Öl Nr. | CP | CFPP | |
E 1 | Rapsölsäuremethylester | -2,3 | -14°C |
E 2 | 90% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 10 % Sojaölsäuremethylester | -2,0 | -8°C |
C-Kettenverteilung der zur Herstellung der Testöle eingesetzten Fettsäuremethylester (Hauptbestandteile; Fl.-% gemäß GC): | ||||||||||
C16 | C16' | C18 | C18' | C18" | C18"' | C20 | C20' | C22 | Σ gesättigt | |
RME | 4,5 | 0,5 | 1,7 | 61,6 | 18,4 | 8,7 | 0,7 | 1,5 | 0,4 | 7,3 |
SojaME | 10,4 | 0,1 | 4,1 | 24,8 | 51,3 | 6,9 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 15,4 |
RME = Rapsölsäuremethylester; | ||||||||||
SojaME = Sojaölsäuremethylester |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Mineralöle (F1) | ||
D1 | D2 | |
Siedebeginn | 193°C | 181°C |
20 % Destillation | 230°C | 235°C |
90% Destillation | 332°C | 344°C |
95 % Destillation | 348°C | 361 °C |
(90-20)% Destillation | 102°C | 109°C |
Cloud Point | -6,0°C | -8,2°C |
CFPP | -8°C | -12°C |
S-Gehalt | 20 ppm | 32 ppm |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Ethylen-Copolymere (A) | |||
Beispiel | Comonomer(e) | V140 | CH3/100CH2 |
A1 | 13,6 Mol-% Vinylacetat | 130 mPas | 3,7 |
A2 | 13,7 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,4 Mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester | 105 mPas | 5,3 |
A3 | i) 14,0 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,6 Mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester und ii) 12,9 Mol-% Vinylacetat im Verhältnis i) : ii) von 6 : 1 | 97 mPas 145 mPas | 4,7 5,4 |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Kammpolymere (B) | |||
Beispiel | Comonomere | R | Säurezahl [mg KOH/g] |
B1 | Poly(dodecylacrylat-co-Tetradecylacrylat) aus 70 % Dodecylacrylat und 30 % Tetradecylacrylat mit Mw 10.500 | 12,6 | 1,2 |
B2 | Poly(dodecylmethacrylat) mit Mw 22.000 | 12,0 | 1,7 |
B3 | Poly(2-ethylhexanoat-co-tetradecylacrylat) aus 10% 2-Ethylhexylacrylat und 90% Tetradecylacrylat mit Mw 6.400 | 13,4 | 10 |
B4 | Poly(dodecylvinylether-co-Decylmethacrylat) aus gleichen Anteilen Dodecylvinylether und Decylmethacryat mit Mw 5.200 | 11,0 | 2,8 |
B5 | Poly(acrylsäure) mit verestert mit Mischung aus 75% Dodecanol und 25% Hexadecanol, Mw 15.000 | 13,0 | 43 |
B6 | Poly(acrylsäure) verestert mit Mischung aus 40% Decanol, 30 % Dodecanol und 30 % Tetradecanol, Mw 24.000 | 11,8 | 51 |
B7 | Poly(acrylsäure-co-maleinsäure) verestert mit Mischung aus 55 % Decanol und 45 % Hexadecanol, Mw 19.000 | 12,7 | 34 |
B8 (Vgl.) | Poly(decylacrylat) mit Mw 19.000 | 10,0 | 2,3 |
B9 (Vgl.) | Poly(tetradecylacrylat-co-hexadecylacrylat) mit gleichen Anteilen Tetradecyl- und Hexadecylacrylat, Mw 24.000 | 15,0 | 1,6 |
B10 (Vgl.) | Alternierendes Poly(ditetradecylfumarat-alt-vinylacetat) | n.a. | 0,4 |
n.a. = nicht anwendbar (Vgl.) = Vergleichsbeispiel |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten weiteren Fließverbesserer | |
C3 | Umsetzungsprodukt eines Copolymers aus C14/C16-Olefin und Maleinsäureanhydrid mit 2 Equivalenten sekundärem Talgfettamin pro Maleinsäureanhydrideinheit |
C4 | Umsetzungsprodukt von Phthalsäureanhydrid mit 2 Equivalenten di(hydriertem Talgfettamin) zum Amid-Ammoniumsalz |
C5 | Nonylphenolharz, hergestellt durch Kondensation einer Mischung von Dodecylphenol mit Formaldehyd, Mw 2000 g/mol |
C6 | Mischung aus 2 Teilen C3 und 1 Teil C5 |
C7 | Mischung aus gleichen Teilen C4 und C5 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 75 Vol.-% Testöl D1 und 25 Vol.-% Testöl E1 (CP = -5,2°C; CFPP = -9°C) | ||||||
Bsp. | Fließverbesserer | Kammpolymer / Coadditiv | CFPP nach Zusatz von Fließverbesserer | |||
50 ppm | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | 200ppm | |||
1 | A2 | 150 ppm B4 | -13 | -18 | -19 | -20 |
2 | A1 | 100 ppm B6 | -17 | -20 | -19 | -21 |
3 | A2 | 150 ppm B2 | -18 | -20 | -22 | -22 |
4 | A2 | 150 ppm B1 | -19 | -21 | -21 | -23 |
5 | A1 | 100 ppm B7 | -20 | -20 | -22 | -23 |
6 | A1 | 150 ppm B5 | -19 | -21 | -20 | -22 |
7 | A2 | 150 ppm B3 | -16 | -18 | -19 | -21 |
8 | A2 | 75 ppm B7 75 ppm A4 | -19 | -22 | -23 | -25 |
9 (Vgl.) | A2 | 150 ppm B8 | -11 | -14 | -16 | -17 |
10 (Vgl.) | A2 | 150 ppm B9 | -9 | -10 | -13 | -16 |
11 (Vgl.) | A2 | 150 ppm B10 | -10 | -11 | -15 | -20 |
13 (Vgl.) | A2 | - | -11 | -16 | -17 | -19 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 70 Vol.-% Testöl D2 und 30 Vol.-% Testöl E2 (CP = -5,8°C; CFPP = -12°C) | |||||||
Bsp. | Ethylen-Copolymer | Kammpolymer | Coadditiv | CFPP | |||
100 ppm | 150 ppm | 200 ppm | 300 ppm | ||||
14 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B4 | 150 ppm C6 | -18 | -20 | -22 | -24 |
15 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B6 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -21 | -24 | -25 |
16 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B2 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -21 | -23 | -26 |
17 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B1 | 150 ppm C6 | -21 | -22 | -25 | -27 |
18 | 75 % A3 | 25 % B7 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -20 | -23 | -26 |
19 | 85 % A1 | 15 % B5 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -22 | -24 | -27 |
20 | 80 % A1 | 20 % B3 | 150 ppm C7 | -19 | -21 | -23 | -25 |
21 (Vgl.) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B8 | 150 ppm C6 | -17 | -18 | -19 | -21 |
22 (Vgl.) | 80 % A1 | 20 % B9 | 150 ppm C6 | -11 | -16 | -19 | -19 |
23 (Vgl.) | 80 % A1 | 20 % B10 | 150 ppm C7 | -15 | -16 | -18 | -22 |
24 (Vgl.) | 100 % A1 | - | 150 ppm C6 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -22 |
Claims (20)
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung F), enthaltendF1) ein Brennstofföl mineralischen Ursprungs undF2) ein Brennstofföl pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ursprungs, und als Kälteadditiv die BestandteileA) mindestens ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und 8-21 Mol-% mindestens eines Acryloder Vinylesters mit einem C1-C18-Alkylrest undB) mindestens ein Kammpolymer enthaltend Struktureinheiten mit C8-C16-Alkylresten, wobei die Struktureinheiten ausgewählt sind aus C8-C16-Alkyl(meth)acrylaten, C8-C16-Alkylvinylestern, C8-C16-Alkylvinylethern, C8-C16-Alkyl(meth)acrylamiden, C8-C16-Alkylallylethern und C8-C16-Diketenen,
worin- m1. m2, ... mg
- die Molenbrüche der oben genannten Monomere B) im Polymer sind, wobei die Summe der Molenbrüche m1 bis mg = 1 ist,
- w1i, w1j..w2i, w2j...wgp
- die Gewichtsanteile der einzelnen Kettenlängen i, j, .... p der Alkylreste der verschiedenen Monomeren B) 1 bis g sind, und
- n1i, n1j..n2i, n2j...ngp
- die Kettenlängen der Alkylreste i, j, .... p der Monomere B) 1 bis g sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin R von 11,5 bis 13,5 beträgt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, worin in Bestandteil A außer Ethylen 3,5 bis 20 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 0,1 bis 12 Mol-% Neononansäurevinylester, Neodecansäurevinylester oder 2-Ethylhexansäurevinylester enthalten sind, wobei der gesamte Comonomergehalt zwischen 8 und 21 Mol-% liegt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin in Bestandteil A neben Ethylen und 8 bis 18 Mol-% Vinylestern noch 0,5 bis 10 Mol-% Olefine, ausgewählt aus Propen, Buten, Isobutylen, Hexen, 4-Methylpenten, Octen, Diisobutylen oder Norbornen enthalten sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil A ausmachen, Schmelzviskositäten zwischen 20 und 10.000 mPas aufweisen.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil A ausmachen, Verzweigungsgrade zwischen 1 und 9 CH3/100 CH2-Gruppen, die nicht aus den Comonomeren stammen, aufweisen.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil B ausmachen, Comonomere enthalten, welche von Estern oder Amiden ethylenisch ungesättigter Monocarbonsäuren mit 3 bis 8 Kohlenstoffatomen mit Alkoholen bzw. Aminen abgeleitet sind, worin die Alkohole bzw. Amine Alkylreste mit 8 bis 16 Kohlenstoffatomen tragen.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin die Copolymere B) bis zu 50 Mol-% Comonomere B2) enthalten, welche i) Ester, Amide und/oder Imide aus ethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren mit 4 bis 8 C-Atomen und Alkoholen bzw. Aminen mit 8 bis 16 C-Atomen in den Alkylresten und/oder ii) C10- bis C20-Olefine sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, worin die Ester und/oder Amide des Bestandteils B von Aminen und/oder Alkoholen mit linearen Alkylresten abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, worin die Copolymere B) Ester der Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure und Itaconsäure mit Octanol, Nonanol, Decanol, Undecanol, Dodecanol, n-Tridecanol, iso-Tridecanol, Tetradecanol, Pentadecanol, Hexadecanol und deren Mischungen, oder und gegebenenfalls Imide dieser Säuren mit Octylamin, Nonylamin, Decylamin, Undecylamin, Dodecylamin, Tridecylamin, Tetradecylamin, Pentadecylamin, Hexadecylamin und deren Mischungen sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, worin die mittlere Molekülmasse der erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere B zwischen 1.200 und 200.000 g/mol beträgt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil B ausmachen, Comonomere B2) enthalten, welche von α-Olefinen mit 10 bis 20 C-Atomen abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, worin das Mischungsverhältnis A:B zwischen 10:1 und 1:10 liegt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, enthaltend polare stickstoffhaltige Paraffindispergatoren.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, worin der Anteil an F2 größer als 2 Vol.-% ist.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung gemäß einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, worin das Brennstofföl tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs einen oder mehrere Ester aus Monocarbonsäure mit 14 bis 24 C-Atomen und Alkohol mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen enthält.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 16, worin der Alkohol Methanol oder Ethanol ist.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, worin das Brennstofföl tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs mehr als 4 Gew.-% an Estern gesättigter Fettsäuren enthält.
- Verwendung eines Additivs wie in einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 definiert zur Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften von Mischungen aus mineralischen Brennstoffölen mit Brennstoffölen tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Brennstoffölzusammensetzungen F, enthaltend Brennstofföle mineralischen (F1) und tierischen und/oder pflanzlichen (F2) Ursprungs, mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften, indem man der Mischung von Brennstoffölen mineralischen (F1) und tierischen und/oder pflanzlichen (F2) Ursprungs ein Additiv wie in einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 definiert zusetzt.
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2003
- 2003-12-11 DE DE10357878A patent/DE10357878C5/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-10-25 US US10/972,577 patent/US7473284B2/en active Active
- 2004-11-30 EP EP04028307.9A patent/EP1541663B1/de active Active
- 2004-11-30 PL PL04028307T patent/PL1541663T3/pl unknown
- 2004-11-30 HU HUE04028307A patent/HUE028480T2/en unknown
- 2004-12-10 CA CA2490031A patent/CA2490031C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-10 KR KR1020040104062A patent/KR101136333B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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Cited By (5)
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US8381701B2 (en) | 2006-01-17 | 2013-02-26 | Tetuo Sugioka | Bio-diesel fuel engine system and bio-diesel fuel engine operating method |
WO2007113035A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen umfassend nachwachsende rohstoffe |
WO2010081634A1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-22 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbessertem trübungspunkt und verbesserten lagerungseigenschaften |
US10131776B2 (en) | 2009-09-25 | 2018-11-20 | Evonik Oil Additives Gmbh | Composition to improve cold flow properties of fuel oils |
WO2011095249A1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | A composition having improved filterability |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUE028480T2 (en) | 2016-12-28 |
CA2490031C (en) | 2013-07-09 |
DE10357878B4 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
JP2005200637A (ja) | 2005-07-28 |
US20050126070A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
DE10357878C5 (de) | 2013-07-25 |
KR101136333B1 (ko) | 2012-04-23 |
DE10357878A1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
JP5025081B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
US7473284B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
CA2490031A1 (en) | 2005-06-11 |
PL1541663T3 (pl) | 2016-07-29 |
KR20050058217A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
EP1541663B1 (de) | 2016-01-20 |
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