EP1541662A1 - Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften - Google Patents
Brennstofföle aus Mitteldestillaten und Ölen pflanzlichen oder tierischen Ursprungs mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1541662A1 EP1541662A1 EP20040028306 EP04028306A EP1541662A1 EP 1541662 A1 EP1541662 A1 EP 1541662A1 EP 20040028306 EP20040028306 EP 20040028306 EP 04028306 A EP04028306 A EP 04028306A EP 1541662 A1 EP1541662 A1 EP 1541662A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel oil
- oil composition
- composition according
- monomer
- oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 15
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- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010557 suspension polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)C WYKYCHHWIJXDAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095068 tetradecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecaene Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCN ABVVEAHYODGCLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCN QFKMMXYLAPZKIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010913 used oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric aldehyde Natural products CCCCC=O HGBOYTHUEUWSSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/1955—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketonic, ketal, acetal radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/146—Macromolecular compounds according to different macromolecular groups, mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/196—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof
- C10L1/1963—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and a carboxyl group or salts, anhydrides or esters thereof homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having one carbon bond to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical or of salts, anhydrides or esters thereof mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/236—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof
- C10L1/2364—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derivatives thereof homo- or copolymers derived from unsaturated compounds containing amide and/or imide groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/221—Organic compounds containing nitrogen compounds of uncertain formula; reaction products where mixtures of compounds are obtained
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
- C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to mineral fuel oils containing ingredients of vegetable or animal origin with improved cold properties and the Use of an additive as a cold flow improver for such fuel oils.
- biofuels include, in particular, natural oils and fats of plant or animal origin. These are typically triglycerides of fatty acids with 10 to 24 C atoms, which have a calorific value comparable to conventional fuels, but at the same time are considered less harmful to the environment.
- Biofuels ie fuels derived from animal or plant material, are obtained from renewable sources and thus produce only as much CO 2 as was previously converted into biomass. It has been reported that combustion produces less carbon dioxide than equivalent amounts of petroleum distillate fuel, eg, diesel fuel, and that very little sulfur dioxide is produced. In addition, they are biodegradable.
- Oils obtained from animal or vegetable material are mainly metabolites comprising triglycerides of monocarboxylic acids, eg of acids having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and the formula in which R is an aliphatic radical of 10 to 25 carbon atoms, which may be saturated or unsaturated.
- oils contain glycerides of a number of acids whose Number and variety varies with the source of the oil, and they may additionally Contain phosphoglycerides.
- Such oils may be known in the art Procedures are obtained.
- EP-B-0 665 873 discloses a fuel oil composition containing a biofuel, a petroleum based fuel oil and an additive comprising (a) an oil soluble Ethylene copolymer or (b) a comb polymer or (c) a polar nitrogen compound or (d) a compound in which at least one substantially linear alkyl group having 10 to 30 carbon atoms with a non-polymeric organic radical is connected to provide at least one linear chain of atoms that the Carbon atoms of the alkyl groups and one or more non-terminal ones Including oxygen atoms, or (e) one or more of components (a), (b), (c) and (d).
- EP-B-0 153 176 discloses the use of polymers based on unsaturated C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid di-alkyl esters having average alkyl chain lengths of 12 to 14 as cold flow improvers for certain petroleum distillate fuel oils.
- Suitable comonomers are unsaturated esters, in particular vinyl acetate, but also ⁇ -olefins.
- EP-B-0 746 598 discloses comb polymers as a cold additive in fuel oils containing a Cloud point of at most -10 ° C.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the above defined Additive containing the components A) and B), for improving the Cold flow properties of fuel oil compositions F) containing Fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin.
- Another object of the invention is a process for the preparation of Fuel oil compositions F) containing fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin, with improved cold properties, by mixing the mixture of fuel oils mineral (F1) and animal and / or vegetable (F2) origin of the above-defined additive containing the Ingredients A) and B), added.
- Preferred oils of mineral origin are middle distillates.
- the mixing ratio between the fuel oils of animal and / or vegetable origin (which are also referred to below as biofuel oils) and middle distillates may be between 1:99 and 99: 1.
- Particular preference is given to mixtures which contain from 2 to 50% by volume, in particular from 5 to 40% by volume and especially from 10 to 30% by volume, of biofuel oils.
- These mixtures give the additives of the invention superior cold properties.
- Q assumes values between 22.0 and 27.0, in particular 23.0 to 26.0 and for example 23, 24, 24.5, 25 or 26.
- Under side chain length of olefins here is the outgoing from the polymer backbone Understood alkyl radical, ie the chain length of the monomeric olefin minus the both olefinically bound C atoms.
- Understood alkyl radical ie the chain length of the monomeric olefin minus the both olefinically bound C atoms.
- Olefins with vinylidene grouping is the corresponding Total chain length of the olefin minus the transition into the polymer backbone To consider double bond.
- Suitable ethylene copolymers A) are those which contain 8 to 21 mol% of one or more Containing vinyl and / or (meth) acrylic ester and 79 to 92 wt .-% ethylene. Especially preferred are ethylene copolymers with 10 to 18 mol% and especially 12 to 16 mol% at least one vinyl ester. Suitable vinyl esters are derived from fatty acids linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, n- and isobutyl (meth) acrylate, Hexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, Hexadecyl, octadecyl (meth) acrylate and mixtures of two, three, four or even several of these comonomers.
- Particularly preferred terpolymers of 2-ethylhexanoic acid vinyl ester, vinyl neononanoate or vinyl neodecanoate contain, in addition to ethylene, preferably 3.5 to 20 mol%, in particular 8 to 15 mol% vinyl acetate and 0.1 to 12 mol%, in particular 0.2 to 5 mol% of the respective long-chain vinyl ester, wherein the total comonomer content is between 8 and 21 mol%, preferably between 12 and 18 mol%.
- copolymers contain, in addition to ethylene and from 8 to 18 mol% of vinyl esters, from 0.5 to 10 mol% of olefins such as propene, butene, isobutylene, hexene, 4-methylpentene, octene, diisobutylene and / or norbornene.
- the copolymers A preferably have molecular weights which correspond to melt viscosities at 140 ° C. of from 20 to 10,000 mPas, in particular from 30 to 5,000 mPas and especially from 50 to 1,000 mPas.
- the determined by 1 H NMR spectroscopy degrees of branching are preferably between 1 and 9 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, especially between 2 and 6 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups, such as 2.5 to 5 CH 3/100 CH 2 groups not derived from the comonomers.
- the copolymers (A) are prepared by the usual copolymerization methods such as for example suspension polymerization, solvent polymerization, Gas phase polymerization or high-pressure mass polymerization produced.
- the Polymerization in a multizone reactor the difference in temperature between the peroxide dosages along the tubular reactor is kept as low as possible, i. ⁇ 50 ° C, preferably ⁇ 30 ° C, in particular ⁇ 15 ° C.
- the differ Temperature maxima in the individual reaction zones by less than 30 ° C, more preferably less than 20 ° C and especially less than 10 ° C.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides, peroxides and azo compounds such as cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl per-maleate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di- (t-butyl) peroxide, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylpropanonitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile).
- the initiators are used singly or as a mixture of two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .
- High pressure bulk polymerization is used in known high pressure reactors, e.g. Autoclaves or tube reactors, discontinuous or continuous, Tube reactors have proven particularly useful. Solvents such as aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures, benzene or toluene, may be included in the reaction mixture. Preferably, this is essentially solvent-free operation.
- Polymerization is the mixture of the monomers, the initiator and, if used, the moderator, a tubular reactor via the reactor inlet and above supplied to one or more side branches.
- Preferred moderators are for example Hydrogen, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propane or propene, aldehydes such as, for example, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, Ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, Methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone and alcohols such as butanol.
- the Comonomers as well as moderators can do this together with ethylene as well as metered separately via side streams in the reactor.
- the Monomer streams may be composed differently (EP-A-0 271 738 and EP-A-0 922 716).
- the mixtures differ based on the mixtures lying polymers in at least one characteristic.
- they can contain different comonomers, different comonomer contents, Have molecular weights and / or degrees of branching.
- the mixing ratio the various ethylene copolymers is preferably between 20: 1 and 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 5.
- the copolymers B are preferably derived from copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated Dicarboxylic acids and their derivatives such as lower esters and anhydrides. Preference is given to maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and esters thereof with lower ones Alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and their anhydrides such as Maleic anhydride. As comonomers are monoolefins with 10 to 20, in particular with 12 to 18 carbon atoms particularly suitable.
- Double bond is preferably terminal such as in dodecene, tridecene, Tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene, heptadecene and octadecene.
- the ratio of Dicarboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid derivative to olefin or olefins in the polymer preferably in the range 1: 1.5 to 1.5: 1, especially it is equimolar.
- copolymer B which are copolymerizable with ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and the olefins mentioned, such as, for example, and longer-chain olefins, allyl polyglycol ethers, C 1 -C 30 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, vinylaromatics or C 1 -C 20 -alkyl vinyl ethers.
- the preparation of the copolymers B) according to the invention is preferably carried out at Temperatures between 50 and 220 ° C, in particular 100 to 190 ° C, especially 130 to 170 ° C.
- the preferred manufacturing process is the solvent-free Bulk polymerization, but it is also possible, the polymerization in the presence aprotic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene or higher-boiling aromatic, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents or Solvent mixtures such as kerosene or solvent naphtha perform.
- aprotic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene or higher-boiling aromatic, aliphatic or isoaliphatic solvents or Solvent mixtures such as kerosene or solvent naphtha perform.
- aprotic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene or higher-boiling aromatic, aliphatic or isoalipha
- the solvent content in the polymerization mixture is in general between 10 and 90 wt .-%, preferably between 35 and 60 wt .-%. at the solution polymerization may be the reaction temperature by the boiling point of Solvent or by working under low or high pressure particularly easy be set.
- the average molecular weight of the copolymers B according to the invention is in the general between 1,200 and 200,000 g / mol, in particular between 2,000 and 100,000 g / mol, measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against Polystyrene standards in THF.
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Inventive copolymers B must be in practice-relevant Dosiermengen be oil-soluble, that is, they must be in the zu dissolve additivating oil at 50 ° C residue-free.
- the reaction of the monomers is by free-radical initiators (Radical chain starter) initiated.
- This class of substance includes e.g. Oxygen, Hydroperoxides and peroxides such as e.g. Cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, Dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2-ethylhexyl) peroxide carbonate, t-butyl perpivalate, t-butyl permalate, t-butyl perbenzoate, dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, di (t-butyl) peroxide, and azo compounds such as e.g.
- the initiators are selected individually or as a mixture two or more substances in amounts of 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.05 to 10 wt .-%, based on the monomer mixture used.
- the copolymers B can either by reaction of maleic, fumaric and / or Itaconic acid or its derivatives with the corresponding amine and subsequent Copolymerization or by copolymerization of olefin or olefins with at least an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid or its derivative such as itacon and / or Maleic anhydride and subsequent reaction with amines become.
- a copolymerization is carried out with anhydrides and the resulting copolymer after preparation into an amide and / or an imide transferred.
- reaction with amines takes place in both cases, for example by reaction with 0.8 to 2.5 moles of amine per mole of anhydride, preferably with 1.0 to 2.0 moles of amine per mole Anhydride at 50 to 300 ° C.
- 0.8 to 2.5 moles of amine per mole of anhydride arise at reaction temperatures of about 50 to 100 ° C preferred hemi-amides, in addition carry one carboxyl group per amide group.
- reaction temperatures of About 100 to 250 ° C are formed from primary amines with dehydration preferred Imides.
- amine When using larger amounts of amine, preferably 2 moles of amine per mole of anhydride arise at about 50 to 200 ° C amide ammonium salts and at higher temperatures for example, 100-300 ° C, preferably 120-250 ° C diamides.
- the Reaction water can be distilled off by means of an inert gas or in Presence of an organic solvent discharged by azeotropic distillation become. Preference is given to 20-80, especially 30-70, especially 35-55 wt .-% used at least one organic solvent.
- half-amides are here (50% in solvent-adjusted) copolymers having acid numbers of 30 - 70 mg KOH / g, preferably from 40 to 60 mg KOH / g.
- Corresponding copolymers with Acid numbers less than 40, especially less than 30 mg KOH / g are considered diamides or Imide considered. Particularly preferred are hemiamides and imides.
- Suitable amines are primary and secondary amines having one or two C 8 -C 16 alkyl radicals. They can carry one, two or three amino groups which are linked via alkylene radicals having two or three carbon atoms. Preference is given to monoamines. In particular, they carry linear alkyl radicals, but they can also minor amounts, eg. B. up to 30 wt .-%, preferably up to 20 wt .-% and especially up to 10 wt .-% (in 1- or 2-position) contain branched amines. Shorter as well as longer-chain amines can be used, but their proportion is preferably less than 20 mol% and especially less than 10 mol%, for example between 1 and 5 mol%, based on the total amount of amines used.
- primary amines are octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, decylamine, Undecylamine, dodecylamine, n-tridecylamine, iso-tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, Pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine and mixtures thereof.
- Preferred secondary amines are dioctylamine, dinonylamine, didecylamine, didodecylamine, ditetradecylamine, dihexadecylamine, and amines having different alkyl chain lengths such as N-octyl-N-decylamine, N-decyl-N-dodecylamine, N-decyl-N-tetradecylamine, N-decyl N-hexadecylamine, N-dodecyl-N-tetradecylamine, N-dodecyl-N-hexadecylamine, N-tetradecyl-N-hexadecylamine.
- Secondary amines which, in addition to a C 8 -C 16 -alkyl radical, bear shorter side chains having 1 to 5 C atoms, for example methyl or ethyl groups, are suitable according to the invention.
- the average value of the alkyl chain lengths of C 8 to C 16 is taken into account as the alkyl chain length n for the calculation of the Q factor.
- Shorter and longer alkyl radicals, if present, are not included in the calculation because they do not contribute to the effectiveness of the additives.
- Particularly preferred copolymers B are hemiamides and imides of primary monoamines.
- mixtures of the invention Copolymers B are used, provided that the mean of the Q values of the Mixture components in turn values from 21.0 to 28.0, preferably values of 22.0 to 27.0 and especially values from 23.0 to 26.0.
- the mixing ratio of the additives A and B according to the invention is (in Parts by weight) 20: 1 to 1:20, preferably 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 5: 1 to 1: 2.
- the additives according to the invention are oils in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.005 to 1 wt .-% and especially added 0.01 to 0.5 wt .-%. there they may be dissolved as such or dissolved in solvents, e.g. aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons or Hydrocarbon mixtures such.
- the additives according to the invention preferably contain 1-80%, especially 10 - 70%, in particular 25 - 60% solvent.
- the fuel oil is F2, the often referred to as “biodiesel”, “biofuel” or “biofuel” to Fatty acid alkyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms and alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Usually a major part of the fatty acids contains one, two or three Double bonds.
- oils F2 derived from animal or vegetable material examples include rapeseed oil, coriander oil, soybean oil, Cottonseed oil, sunflower oil, castor oil, olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil, almond oil, Palm kernel oil, coconut oil, mustard seed oil, beef tallow, bone oil, fish oils and used cooking oils.
- oils derived from wheat, jute, Sesame, Scheabaumnuß, Arachisöl and linseed oil derive can from these oils according to the prior art derived from known methods.
- Rapeseed oil containing a mixture of glycerin is partially esterified fatty acids is preferred because it is available in large quantities and is readily available by squeezing rapeseed. Furthermore are the also widespread oils of sunflower and soy and their Mixtures with rapeseed oil are preferred.
- biofuels F2 are lower alkyl esters of fatty acids.
- commercial mixtures of ethyl, propyl, butyl and in particular methyl esters of fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms for example, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, Stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, ricinoleic acid, elaeostearic acid, Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, eicosanoic acid, gadoleic acid, docosanoic acid or Erucic acid, which preferably has an iodine value of 50 to 150, in particular 90 to 125 have.
- Mixtures with particularly advantageous properties are those which mainly, d. H. at least 50% by weight, methyl esters of fatty acids with 16 to Contain 22 carbon atoms and 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
- the preferred ones lower alkyl esters of fatty acids are the methyl esters of oleic acid, linoleic acid, Linolenic acid and erucic acid.
- a biofuel is an oil derived from vegetable or animal material or is obtained or a derivative thereof, which as fuel and especially as diesel or heating oil can be used.
- vegetable oil derivatives are preferred, particularly preferred biofuels alkyl ester derivatives of rapeseed oil, Cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil or palm oil are, being Rapsölchuremethylester, sunflower oil and Sojaölchuremethylester are very particularly preferred.
- biofuel or as a component in biofuel are also used grease esters such as used fat methyl ester.
- mineral oil component F1 in particular middle distillates are suitable, by Crude oil distillation and boiling in the range of 120 to 450 ° C, For example, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel and heating oil.
- Middle distillates used, the 0.05 wt .-% sulfur and less, especially preferably less than 350 ppm sulfur, in particular less than 200 ppm sulfur and in special cases less than 50 ppm of sulfur, such as less than Contain 10 ppm of sulfur.
- These are generally such Middle distillates which have been subjected to a hydrogenating refining, and therefore contain only low levels of polyaromatic and polar compounds.
- these are middle distillates, the 95% distillation points below 370 ° C, in particular 350 ° C and in special cases below 330 ° C.
- synthetic fuels such as those according to the Fischer-Tropsch process are accessible, are suitable as middle distillates.
- the additive may be added to the oil to be treated according to art known in the art Method be supplied. If more than one additive component or Coadditive component should be used, such components may be together or separately in any combination and order into the oil.
- the additives according to the invention allow the CFPP value of mixtures to be determined Improve biodiesel and mineral oils much more efficiently than with known additives of the prior art.
- the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous in Oil mixtures whose mineral oil component F1) has a boiling width between the 20 and 90% distillation point of less than 120 ° C, especially less than 110 ° C. and especially less than 100 ° C.
- oil mixtures whose mineral oil component F1) has a cloud point of below -4 ° C, especially from -6 ° C to -20 ° C such as from -7 ° C to -9 ° C has, as they are used for use especially in winter.
- pour point of the mixtures according to the invention by the addition of reduced additives according to the invention.
- the additives of the invention are particularly advantageous in oil mixtures F containing more than 2% by volume of biofuel F 2, preferably more than 5% by volume of biofuel F 2 and especially more than 10% by volume Biofuel F2 such as 15 to 35 vol .-% biofuel F2 included.
- additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous in problematic oils whose biofuel component F2 has a high content Saturated fatty acid esters of more than 4%, in particular more than 5% and specifically from 7 to 25%, such as from 8 to 20%, such as for example in oils from sunflower and soy is the case.
- biofuels have prefers a cloud point above -5 ° C and especially above -3 ° C.
- Oil mixtures F) in which the additives according to the invention are particularly advantageous Have cloud points above -9 ° C and especially above -6 ° C. It is thus also possible with the additives according to the invention Rapsölklamethylester and sunflower and / or soybean oil fatty acid methyl ester to adjust the oil mixtures to CFPP values of -22 ° C and below.
- the additives according to the invention can also be used together with one or more oil-soluble co-additives, which in themselves improve the cold flow properties of crude oils, lubricating oils or fuel oils.
- co-additives are polar compounds which differ from the polymers B according to the invention and which effect a paraffin dispersion (paraffin dispersants), alkylphenol condensates, esters and ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds, olefin copolymers and oil-soluble amphiphiles.
- the additives according to the invention can be used to further reduce the sedimentation in the cold precipitated paraffins and fatty acid esters in admixture with paraffin dispersants.
- Paraffin dispersants reduce the size of the paraffin and fatty acid ester crystals and cause the paraffin particles to not settle but remain colloidally dispersed with significantly reduced sedimentation effort.
- Suitable paraffin dispersants are both low molecular weight and polymeric, oil-soluble compounds having ionic or polar groups such as amine salts and / or amides have proven.
- Particularly preferred paraffin dispersants contain reaction products of fatty amines with alkyl radicals having 18 to 24 carbon atoms, in particular secondary fatty amines such as ditallow fatty amine, distearylamine and dibehenylamine with carboxylic acids and derivatives thereof.
- Paraffin dispersants which have been obtained by reaction of aliphatic or aromatic amines, preferably long-chain aliphatic amines, with aliphatic or aromatic mono-, di-, tri- or tetracarboxylic acids or their anhydrides have proven particularly suitable (compare US 4 211 534).
- amides and ammonium salts of aminoalkylene polycarboxylic acids such as nitrilotriacetic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid with secondary amines are suitable as paraffin dispersants (compare EP 0 398 101).
- paraffin dispersants are copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds which can optionally be reacted with primary monoalkylamines and / or aliphatic alcohols (cf., EP 0 154 177) and the reaction products of alkenyl spiro-bis-lactones with amines (cf., EP 0 413 279 B1 ) and according to EP-A-0 606 055 A2 reaction products of terpolymers based on ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated dicarboxylic anhydrides, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated compounds and polyoxyalkylene ethers of lower unsaturated alcohols.
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins are, for example, in Römpp Chemie Lexikon, 9th edition, Thieme Verlag 1988-92, Volume 4, p 3351 et seq described.
- the alkyl radicals of the o- or p-alkylphenol can be used in the case of the additives according to the invention
- Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins may be the same or different and have 1-50, preferably 1-20, especially 4-12 carbon atoms; it is preferable to n-, iso- and tert-butyl, n- and iso-pentyl, n- and iso-hexyl, n- and iso-octyl, n- and iso-nonyl, n- and iso-decyl, n- and iso-dodecyl and octadecyl.
- the aliphatic Aldehyde in the alkylphenol-aldehyde resin preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Particularly preferred aldehydes are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and butyraldehyde, especially formaldehyde.
- the molecular weight of the alkylphenol-aldehyde resins is 400-10,000, preferably 400-5000 g / mol. Prerequisite here is that the Resins are oil soluble.
- these alkylphenol-formaldehyde resins are those which are oligomers or polymers having a repeating structural unit of the formula wherein R 5 is C 1 -C 50 alkyl or alkenyl and n is a number from 2 to 100.
- R 5 is preferably C 4 -C 20 -alkyl or -alkenyl and in particular C 6 -C 16 -alkyl or -alkenyl.
- n is a number from 4 to 50 and especially from 5 to 25.
- Suitable flow improvers are polyoxyalkylene compounds such as For example, esters, ethers and ethers / esters containing at least one alkyl radical with 12 bis Wear 30 C atoms.
- esters, ethers and ethers / esters containing at least one alkyl radical with 12 bis Wear 30 C atoms.
- the alkyl groups are derived from an acid, the Remainder of a polyhydric alcohol; the alkyl radicals come from a fatty alcohol, so the rest of the compound is from a polyacid.
- Suitable polyols are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols and their copolymers having a molecular weight of about 100 to about 5000, preferably 200 to 2000.
- alkoxylates of polyols such as for example, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, as well as the oligomers obtainable therefrom by condensation with 2 to 10 Monomer units, e.g. Polyglycerol.
- Preferred alkoxylates are those of 1 to 100, in particular 5 to 50 moles of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per mole Polyol. Esters are especially preferred.
- Fatty acids containing 12 to 26 carbon atoms are preferred for reaction with the polyols to form the ester additives, preferably using C 18 to C 24 fatty acids, especially stearic and behenic acid.
- the esters can also be prepared by esterification of polyoxyalkylated alcohols. Preference is given to completely esterified polyoxyalkylated polyols having molecular weights of 150 to 2,000, preferably 200 to 1,500. Particularly suitable are PEG-600 dibehenate and glycerol-ethylene glycol tribehenate.
- Suitable olefin polymers as part of the additive according to the invention may be derived directly from monoethylenically unsaturated monomers or indirectly by Hydrogenation of polymers derived from polyunsaturated monomers such as Isoprene or butadiene derived, are produced.
- Preferred copolymers contain in addition to ethylene structural units derived from ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 24 carbon atoms and have molecular weights of up to 120,000.
- Preferred ⁇ -olefins are Propylene, butene, isobutene, n-hexene, isohexene, n-octene, isooctene, n-decene, isodecene.
- the comonomer content of olefins is preferably between 15 and 50 mol%, more preferably between 20 and 35 mole% and especially between 30 and 45 mole%. These copolymers can also be minor amounts, e.g. up to 10 mol% more Comonomers such as e.g. non-terminal olefins or non-conjugated olefins contain. Preferred are ethylene-propylene copolymers.
- the olefin copolymers can prepared by known methods, e.g. by Ziegler or metallocene catalysts.
- olefin copolymers are block copolymers containing blocks of olefinically unsaturated aromatic monomers A and blocks of hydrogenated polyolefins B.
- Particularly suitable are block copolymers of the structure (AB) n A and (AB) m , where n is a number between 1 and 10 and m is a number between 2 and 10.
- the mixing ratio (in parts by weight) of the additives according to the invention Paraffin dispersants, comb polymers, alkylphenol condensates, Each of polyoxyalkylene derivatives and olefin copolymers is 1:10 to 20: 1, preferably 1: 1 to 10: 1, such as 1: 1 to 4: 1.
- the additives can be used alone or together with other additives be, e.g. with other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids, with Antioxidants, cetane improvers, dehazers, demulsifiers, detergents, Dispersants, defoamers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, Conductivity improvers, sludge inhibitors, odorants and / or additives to Humiliation of the cloud point.
- other pour point depressants or dewaxing aids with Antioxidants, cetane improvers, dehazers, demulsifiers, detergents, Dispersants, defoamers, dyes, corrosion inhibitors, Conductivity improvers, sludge inhibitors, odorants and / or additives to Humiliation of the cloud point.
- the CFPP value is determined according to EN 116 and the determination of the cloud point according to ISO 3015. Both properties are determined in ° C. Characterization of the biofuel oils (F2) used Oil no. CP CFPP E 1 Rapsölklaremethylester -2.3 -14 ° C E 2 80% rapeseed oil methyl ester + 20% sunflower oil methyl ester -1.6 -10 ° C E 3 90% rapeseed oil methyl ester + 10% of soybean oil methyl ester -2.0 -8 ° C C-chain distribution used for the preparation of the test oils Fatty acid methyl ester (main constituents, Fl .-% according to GC): C 16 C 16 ' C 18 C 18 ' C 18 '' C 18 '' C 20 C 20 ' C 22 ⁇ saturated RME 4.5 0.5 1.7 61.6 18.4 8.7 0.7 1.5 0.4 7.3 SBME 6.0 0.1 3.8 28.7 58.7 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.7 10.8 SojaME 10.4 0.1 4.1
- the ethylene copolymers used are commercial products having the characteristics given in Table 4. The products were used as 65% settings in kerosene. Characterization of the ethylene copolymers (A) used example Comonomer (s) V140 CH 3/100 CH 2 A1 13.6 mole% vinyl acetate 130 mPas 3.7 A2 13.7 mole percent vinyl acetate and 1.4 mole percent vinyl neodecanoate 105 mPas 5.3 A3 i) 14.0 mol% vinyl acetate and 1.6 mol% vinyl neodecanoate and ii) 12.9 mol% of vinyl acetate in the ratio i): ii) of 6: 1 97 mPas 145 mPas 4.7 5.4
- the reactions with amines are carried out in the presence of solvent naphtha (40 to 50 wt .-%) at 50 to 100 ° C to the half-amide or amide ammonium salt and at 160 to 200 ° C with azeotropic culling of water of reaction to imide or diamide ,
- the degree of amidation is inversely proportional to the acid number.
- the further flow improvers used C are commercial products with the characteristics given in Table 6. The products were used as 50% settings in solvent naphtha. Characterization of the further flow improvers used C3 Reaction product of a copolymer of C 14 / C 16 olefin and maleic anhydride with 2 equivalents of secondary tallow fatty amine per maleic anhydride unit C4 Reaction product of phthalic anhydride with 2 equivalents of di (hydrogenated tallow fatty amine) to the amide ammonium salt C5
- Nonylphenol resin prepared by condensing a mixture of dodecylphenol with formaldehyde, Mw 2000 g / mol C6 Mixture of 2 parts C3 and 1 part C5 C7 Mixture of equal parts C4 and C5
- the CFPP value (according to EN 116, in ° C) of various biofuels according to the above table was determined after addition of 1200 ppm, 1500 ppm and 2000 ppm of additive mixture. Percentages refer to parts by weight in the respective mixtures.
- the results presented in Tables 5 to 7 show that comb polymers with the factor Q according to the invention achieve excellent CFPP reductions even at low dosing rates and offer additional potential at higher dosing rates.
- flow improvers Comb polymer / coadditive CFPP after addition of flow improver 50 ppm 100 ppm 150 ppm 200ppm 1 A2 150 ppm B1 -11 -18 -19 -22 2 A2 150 ppm B2 18 -19 -20 -21 3 A2 150 ppm B3 -21 -21 -21 -22 4 A2 150 ppm B4 -11 -15 -18 -20 5 (V) A2 150 ppm B5 -9 -9 -11 -17 6 (V) A2 150 ppm B6 -10 -13 -13 -15 7 A1 150 ppm B9 -19 -20 -22 -23 8th A1 100 ppm B10 -20 -20 -21 -23 9 A1 100 ppm B11 -19 -20 -20 -22 10 A1 100 ppm B12 -21 -22 -22 -23 11 A2 150 ppm B13 -18 -19 -19 -22 12 A2 75 ppm B3 75 ppm A4 -18 -20
- Ethylene copolymer comb polymer co-additive CFPP 100 ppm 150 ppm 200 ppm 300 ppm 15 80% A3 20% B1 150 ppm C6 -18 -20 -22 -22 16 80% A3 20% B2 150 ppm C6 -20 -21 -21 -24 17 80% A3 20% B3 150 ppm C6 -20 -22 -23 -27 18 80% A3 20% B4 150 ppm C6 -20 -22 -22 -23 19 75% A1 25% B7 150 ppm C7 -19 -21 -22 -24 20 85% A1 15% B8 150 ppm C7 -19 -22 -24 -25 21 80% A1 20% B11 150 ppm C6 -20 -22 -23 -25 22 80% A1 20% B12 150 ppm C6 -20 -23 -24 -26 23 (V) 80% A3 20% B6 150 ppm C6 -18 -19 -20 -20 24 (V) 80% A3 20% B5
- Ethylene copolymer comb polymer CFPP 100 ppm 200 ppm 250 ppm 300 ppm 27 80% A3 20% B1 -16 -19 -24 -26 28 80% A3 20% B2 -20 -23 -25 -27 29 80% A3 20% B3 -21 -22 -24 -28 30 80% A1 20% B12 -21 -23 -25 -29 31 80% A3 20% B4 -19 -21 -23 -25 32 (V) 80% A3 20% B6 -15 -18 -22 -23 33 (V) 80% A3 20% B5 -10 -15 -17 -19 34 (V) 80% A1 20% B14 -15 -17 -19 -21 35 (V) 100% A1 - -11 -20 -22 -22 -22 -22
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Abstract
Description
Es bestand somit die Aufgabe, Brennstofföle mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften zur Verfügung zu stellen, die Mitteldestillate und Fettsäureester enthalten, wobei deren CFPP-Werte bei -20°C und darunter liegen. Ferner soll die Sedimentation ausgefallener Paraffine und Fettsäureester bei längerer Lagerung des Brennstofföls im Bereich seines Cloud Points bzw. darunter verlangsamt oder verhindert werden.
- A) mindestens ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und 8 - 21 Mol-% mindestens eines Acryl- oder Vinylesters mit einem C1-C18-Alkylrest und
- B) mindestens ein Kammpolymer, enthaltend Struktureinheiten aus
- B1) mindestens einem Olefin als Monomer 1, welches an der olefinischen Doppelbindung wenigstens einen C8-C18-Alkylrest trägt, und
- B2) mindestens einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäure als Monomer 2, welche mindestens einen über eine Amid- und/oder Imidgruppierung gebundenen C8-C16-Alkylrest trägt,
- w1
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- w2
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Amidund/oder Imidgruppen von Monomer 2,
- n1
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- n2
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Amid und/oder Imidgruppen von Monomer 2,
- i
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1, und
- j
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Amid und/oder Imidgruppen von Monomer 2 sind.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung nimmt Q Werte zwischen 22,0 und 27,0, insbesondere 23,0 bis 26,0 und beispielsweise 23, 24, 24,5, 25 oder 26 an.
Die Copolymere A haben bevorzugt Molekulargewichte, die Schmelzviskositäten bei 140°C von 20 bis 10.000 mPas insbesondere 30 bis 5.000 mPas und speziell 50 bis 1.000 mPas entsprechen. Die mittels 1H-NMR-Spektroskopie bestimmten Verzweigungsgrade liegen bevorzugt zwischen 1 und 9 CH3/100 CH2-Gruppen, insbesondere zwischen 2 und 6 CH3/100 CH2-Gruppen wie beispielsweise 2,5 bis 5 CH3/100 CH2-Gruppen, die nicht aus den Comonomeren stammen.
- R1
- Wasserstoff oder Methyl,
- R2
- Wasserstoff oder C1-C4-Alkyl,
- m
- eine Zahl von 1 bis 100,
- R3
- C1-C24-Alkyl, C5-C20-Cycloalkyl, C6-C18-Aryl oder -C(O)-R4,
- R4
- C1-C40-Alkyl, C5-C10-Cycloalkyl oder C6-C18-Aryl, bedeuten.
Besonders bevorzugte Copolymere B sind Halbamide und Imide primärer Monoamine.
So können die erfindungsgemäßen Additive zur weiteren Reduzierung der Sedimentation in der Kälte ausgefallener Paraffine und Fettsäureester in Mischung mit Paraffindispergatoren eingesetzt werden. Paraffindispergatoren reduzieren die Größe der Paraffin- und Fettsäureesterkristalle und bewirken, dass die Paraffinpartikel sich nicht absetzen, sondern kolloidal mit deutlich reduziertem Sedimentationsbestreben, dispergiert bleiben. Als Paraffindispergatoren haben sich sowohl niedermolekulare wie auch polymere, öllösliche Verbindungen mit ionischen oder polaren Gruppen wie z.B. Aminsalze und/oder Amide bewährt. Besonders bevorzugte Paraffindispergatoren enthalten Umsetzungsprodukte von Fettaminen mit Alkylresten mit 18 bis 24 C-Atomen, insbesondere sekundären Fettaminen wie beispielsweise Ditalgfettamin, Distearylamin und Dibehenylamin mit Carbonsäuren und deren Derivaten. Besonders bewährt haben sich Paraffindispergatoren, die durch Reaktion aliphatischer oder aromatischer Amine, vorzugsweise langkettiger aliphatischer Amine, mit aliphatischen oder aromatischen Mono-, Di-, Tri- oder Tetracarbonsäuren oder deren Anhydriden erhalten werden (vgl. US 4 211 534). Des gleichen sind Amide und Ammoniumsalze von Aminoalkylenpolycarbonsäuren wie Nitrilotriessigsäure oder Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure mit sekundären Aminen als Paraffindispergatoren geeignet (vgl. EP 0 398 101). Andere Paraffindispergatoren sind Copolymere des Maleinsäureanhydrids und α,β-ungesättigter Verbindungen, die gegebenenfalls mit primären Monoalkylaminen und/oder aliphatischen Alkoholen umgesetzt werden können (vgl. EP 0 154 177) und die Umsetzungsprodukte von Alkenylspirobislactonen mit Aminen (vgl. EP 0 413 279 B1) und nach EP-A-0 606 055 A2 Umsetzungsprodukte von Terpolymeren auf Basis α,β-ungesättigter Dicarbonsäureanhydride, α,β-ungesättigter Verbindungen und Polyoxyalkylenether niederer ungesättigter Alkohole.
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Biobrennstofföle (F2) | |||
Öl Nr. | CP | CFPP | |
E 1 | Rapsölsäuremethylester | -2,3 | -14°C |
E 2 | 80% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 20 % Sonnenblumenölsäuremethylester | -1,6 | -10°C |
E 3 | 90% Rapsölsäuremethylester + 10 % Sojaölsäuremethylester | -2,0 | -8°C |
C-Kettenverteilung der zur Herstellung der Testöle eingesetzten Fettsäuremethylester (Hauptbestandteile; Fl.-% gemäß GC): | ||||||||||
C16 | C16' | C18 | C18' | C18'' | C18''' | C20 | C20' | C22 | Σ gesättigt | |
RME | 4,5 | 0,5 | 1,7 | 61,6 | 18,4 | 8,7 | 0,7 | 1,5 | 0,4 | 7,3 |
SBME | 6,0 | 0,1 | 3,8 | 28,7 | 58,7 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,7 | 10,8 |
SojaME | 10,4 | 0,1 | 4,1 | 24,8 | 51,3 | 6,9 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 15,4 |
RME = Rapsölsäuremethylester; SBME = Sonnenblumenölsäuremethylester; | ||||||||||
SojaME = Sojaölsäuremethylester |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Mineralöle (F1) | |||
D1 | D2 | D3 | |
Siedebeginn | 193°C | 181°C | 200°C |
20 % Destillation | 230°C | 235°C | 247°C |
90% Destillation | 332°C | 344°C | 339°C |
95 % Destillation | 348°C | 361°C | 358°C |
(90-20)% Destillation | 102°C | 109°C | 92°C |
Cloud Point | -6,0°C | -8,2°C | -4,7°C |
CFPP | -8°C | -12°C | -9°C |
S-Gehalt | 20 ppm | 32 ppm | 9 ppm |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Ethylen-Copolymere (A) | |||
Beispiel | Comonomer(e) | V140 | CH3/100 CH2 |
A1 | 13,6 Mol-% Vinylacetat | 130 mPas | 3,7 |
A2 | 13,7 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,4 Mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester | 105 mPas | 5,3 |
A3 | i) 14,0 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 1,6 Mol-% Neodecansäurevinylester und ii) 12,9 Mol-% Vinylacetat im Verhältnis i) : ii) von 6 : 1 | 97 mPas 145 mPas | 4,7 5,4 |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten Kammpolymere (B) | |||||
Beispiel | Comonomere | Amin | Q | Säurezahl [mg KOH/g] | |
R | Mol | ||||
B1 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C8 | 1 | 21 | 52 |
B2 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C10 | 1 | 23,0 | 60 |
B3 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 1 | 25,0 | 58 |
B4 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C14 | 1 | 27,0 | 56 |
B5 (V) | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C16 | 1 | 29,0 | 55 |
B6 (V) | MSA-co-C10-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 1 | 20,0 | 57 |
B7 | MSA-co-C16-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C12 | 1 | 26,0 | 56 |
B8 | MSA-co-C14-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C14 | 1 | 26,0 | 58 |
B9 | MSA-co-C10-α-Olefin (1 : 1) | C16 C18 | 0,5 0,5 | 25,0 | 59 |
B10 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin-co-Allylmethylpolyglykol (1:0,45 : 0,45:0,1) | C12 | 1 | 25,0 | 56 |
B11 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 25,0 | 0,32 | |
B12 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | C12 | 1 | 25,0 | 1,5 |
B13 | MSA-co-C14/16-α-Olefin (1 : 0,5 : 0,5) | di-C12 | 1 | 25,0 | 50 |
B14 (V) | Fumarat-Vinylacetat (1 : 1) | C14 | 2 | n.a. | 0,4 |
n.a. = nicht anwendbar (V) = Vergleichsbeispiel |
Charakterisierung der eingesetzten weiteren Fließverbesserer | |
C3 | Umsetzungsprodukt eines Copolymers aus C14/C16-Olefin und Maleinsäureanhydrid mit 2 Equivalenten sekundärem Talgfettamin pro Maleinsäureanhydrideinheit |
C4 | Umsetzungsprodukt von Phthalsäureanhydrid mit 2 Equivalenten di(hydriertem Talgfettamin) zum Amid-Ammoniumsalz |
C5 | Nonylphenolharz, hergestellt durch Kondensation einer Mischung von Dodecylphenol mit Formaldehyd, Mw 2000 g/mol |
C6 | Mischung aus 2 Teilen C3 und 1 Teil C5 |
C7 | Mischung aus gleichen Teilen C4 und C5 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 75 Vol.-% Testöl D1 und 25 Vol.-% Testöl E1 (CP = -5,2°C; CFPP = -9°C) | ||||||
Bsp. | Fließverbesserer | Kammpolymer / Coadditiv | CFPP nach Zusatz von Fließverbesserer | |||
50 ppm | 100 ppm | 150 ppm | 200ppm | |||
1 | A2 | 150 ppm B1 | -11 | -18 | -19 | -22 |
2 | A2 | 150 ppm B2 | 18 | -19 | -20 | -21 |
3 | A2 | 150 ppm B3 | -21 | -21 | -21 | -22 |
4 | A2 | 150 ppm B4 | -11 | -15 | -18 | -20 |
5 (V) | A2 | 150 ppm B5 | -9 | -9 | -11 | -17 |
6 (V) | A2 | 150 ppm B6 | -10 | -13 | -13 | -15 |
7 | A1 | 150 ppm B9 | -19 | -20 | -22 | -23 |
8 | A1 | 100 ppm B10 | -20 | -20 | -21 | -23 |
9 | A1 | 100 ppm B11 | -19 | -20 | -20 | -22 |
10 | A1 | 100 ppm B12 | -21 | -22 | -22 | -23 |
11 | A2 | 150 ppm B13 | -18 | -19 | -19 | -22 |
12 | A2 | 75 ppm B3 75 ppm A4 | -18 | -20 | -22 | -25 |
13 (V) | A2 | 150 ppm B14 | -10 | -11 | -15 | -20 |
14 (V) | A2 | - | -11 | -16 | -17 | -19 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 70 Vol.-% Testöl D2 und 30 Vol.-% Testöl E3 (CP = -5,8°C; CFPP = -12°C) | |||||||
Bsp. | Ethylen-Copolymer | Kammpolymer | Coadditiv | CFPP | |||
100 ppm | 150 ppm | 200 ppm | 300 ppm | ||||
15 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B1 | 150 ppm C6 | -18 | -20 | -22 | -22 |
16 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B2 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -21 | -21 | -24 |
17 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B3 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -22 | -23 | -27 |
18 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B4 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -22 | -22 | -23 |
19 | 75 % A1 | 25 % B7 | 150 ppm C7 | -19 | -21 | -22 | -24 |
20 | 85 % A1 | 15 % B8 | 150 ppm C7 | -19 | -22 | -24 | -25 |
21 | 80 % A1 | 20 % B11 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -22 | -23 | -25 |
22 | 80 % A1 | 20 % B12 | 150 ppm C6 | -20 | -23 | -24 | -26 |
23 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B6 | 150 ppm C6 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -20 |
24 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B5 | 150 ppm C6 | -10 | -14 | -17 | -18 |
25 (V) | 80 % A1 | 20 % B14 | 150 ppm C7 | -15 | -16 | -18 | -22 |
26 (V) | 100 % A1 | ― | 150 ppm C6 | -18 | -19 | -20 | -22 |
CFPP-Austestung in einer Mischung aus 80 Vol.-% Testöl D3 und 20 Vol.-% Testöl E2 (CP = -3,3°C; CFPP = -10°C) | ||||||
Bsp. | Ethylen-Copolymer | Kammpolymer | CFPP | |||
100 ppm | 200 ppm | 250 ppm | 300 ppm | |||
27 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B1 | -16 | -19 | -24 | -26 |
28 | 80 %A3 | 20 % B2 | -20 | -23 | -25 | -27 |
29 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B3 | -21 | -22 | -24 | -28 |
30 | 80 % A1 | 20 % B12 | -21 | -23 | -25 | -29 |
31 | 80 % A3 | 20 % B4 | -19 | -21 | -23 | -25 |
32 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B6 | -15 | -18 | -22 | -23 |
33 (V) | 80 % A3 | 20 % B5 | -10 | -15 | -17 | -19 |
34 (V) | 80 % A1 | 20 % B14 | -15 | -17 | -19 | -21 |
35 (V) | 100 % A1 | ― | -11 | -20 | -22 | -22 |
Claims (20)
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung F), enthaltendF1) ein Brennstofföl mineralischen Ursprungs undF2) ein Brennstofföl pflanzlichen und/oder tierischen Ursprungs, undA) mindestens ein Copolymer aus Ethylen und 8 - 21 Mol-% mindestens eines Acryl- oder Vinylesters mit einem C1-C18-Alkylrest undB) mindestens ein Kammpolymer, enthaltend Struktureinheiten ausB1) mindestens einem Olefin als Monomer 1, welches an der olefinischen Doppelbindung wenigstens einen C8-C18-Alkylrest trägt, undB2) mindestens einer ethylenisch ungesättigten Dicarbonsäure als Monomer 2, welche mindestens einen über eine Amid- und/oder Imidgruppierung gebundenen C8-C16-Alkylrest trägt,
- w1
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- w2
- der molare Anteil der einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Amidund/oder Imidgruppen von Monomer 2,
- n1
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1,
- n2
- die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Amid und/oder Imidgruppen von Monomer 2,
- i
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten von Monomer 1, und
- j
- die Laufvariable für die einzelnen Kettenlängen in den Alkylresten der Amid und/oder Imidgruppen von Monomer 2 sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, worin Q von 22,0 bis 27,0 beträgt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, worin in Bestandteil A außer Ethylen 3,5 bis 20 Mol-% Vinylacetat und 0,1 bis 12 Mol-% Neononansäurevinylester, Neodecansäurevinylester oder 2-Ethylhexansäurevinylester enthalten sind, wobei der gesamte Comonomergehalt zwischen 8 und 21 Mol-% liegt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin in Bestandteil A neben Ethylen und 8 bis 18 Mol-% Vinylestern noch 0,5 bis 10 Mol-% Olefine, ausgewählt aus Propen, Buten, Isobutylen, Hexen, 4-Methylpenten, Octen, Diisobutylen oder Norbornen enthalten sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil A ausmachen, Schmelzviskositäten zwischen 20 und 10.000 mPas aufweisen.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil A ausmachen, Verzweigungsgrade zwischen 1 und 9 CH3/100 CH2-Gruppen, die nicht aus den Comonomeren stammen, aufweisen.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil B ausmachen, Comonomere enthalten, welche von Amiden und/oder Imiden der Maleinsäure, Fumarsäure und/oder Itaconsäure abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin die Amide und/oder Imide des Bestandteils B von primären Aminen abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, worin die Amide und/oder Imide des Bestandteils B von Aminen mit linearen Alkylresten abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, worin die Amide und/oder Imide des Bestandteils B von Monoaminen abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, worin die mittlere Molekülmasse der erfindungsgemäßen Copolymere B zwischen 1.200 und 200.000 g/mol beträgt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, worin die Copolymere, die Bestandteil B ausmachen, Comonomere enthalten, welche von α-Olefinen abgeleitet sind.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, worin das Mischungsverhältnis A:B zwischen 10:1 und 1:10 liegt.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, enthaltend polare stickstoffhaltige Paraffindispergatoren.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, worin der Anteil an F2 größer als 2 Vol.-% ist.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Brennstofföl tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs einen oder mehrere Ester aus Monocarbonsäure mit 14 bis 24 C-Atomen und Alkohol mit 1 bis 4 C-Atomen enthält.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Alkohol Methanol oder Ethanol ist.
- Brennstoffölzusammensetzung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Brennstofföl tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs mehr als 4 Gew.-% an Estern gesättigter Fettsäuren enthält.
- Verwendung eines Additivs wie in einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 definiert zur Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften von Mischungen aus mineralischen Brennstoffölen und Brennstoffölen tierischen oder pflanzlichen Ursprungs.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Brennstoffölzusammensetzungen F, enthaltend Brennstofföle mineralischen (F1) und tierischen und/oder pflanzlichen (F2) Ursprungs, mit verbesserten Kälteeigenschaften, indem man der Mischung von Brennstoffölen mineralischen (F1) und tierischen und/oder pflanzlichen (F2) Ursprungs ein Additiv wie in einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 14 definiert zusetzt.
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KR (1) | KR101139276B1 (de) |
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- 2003-12-11 DE DE10357880A patent/DE10357880B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-30 EP EP04028306.1A patent/EP1541662B1/de active Active
- 2004-11-30 HU HUE04028306A patent/HUE027738T2/en unknown
- 2004-12-09 JP JP2004357284A patent/JP5025080B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-10 US US11/009,885 patent/US7815697B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-12-10 KR KR1020040104256A patent/KR101139276B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2004-12-10 CA CA002490049A patent/CA2490049A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (14)
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US9663740B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2017-05-30 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Polymeric imides as pour point depressant additives for oil compositions |
GB2429210A (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2007-02-21 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Pour point depressant additives for oil compositons |
GB2429210B (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2008-10-08 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Pour point depressant additives for oil compositions |
US7942941B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2011-05-17 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Pour point depressant additives for oil compositions |
WO2005097953A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-20 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Pour point depressant additives for oil compositions |
EP1935967A1 (de) * | 2006-11-22 | 2008-06-25 | Clariant International Ltd. | Pour Point Verbesserer für pflanzliche oder tierische Brennstofföle |
WO2010081634A1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-22 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | Kraftstoffzusammensetzungen mit verbessertem trübungspunkt und verbesserten lagerungseigenschaften |
WO2011095249A1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2011-08-11 | Evonik Rohmax Additives Gmbh | A composition having improved filterability |
WO2018108534A1 (de) | 2016-12-15 | 2018-06-21 | Basf Se | Polymere als dieselkraftstoffadditive für direkteinspritzende dieselmotoren |
CN110088253A (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-08-02 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 作为燃料添加剂的聚合物 |
US10947467B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2021-03-16 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels |
US20210163837A1 (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2021-06-03 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels |
CN110088253B (zh) * | 2016-12-15 | 2022-03-18 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 作为燃料添加剂的聚合物 |
US11566196B2 (en) | 2016-12-15 | 2023-01-31 | Basf Se | Polymers as additives for fuels |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR101139276B1 (ko) | 2012-04-26 |
CA2490049A1 (en) | 2005-06-11 |
US7815697B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
EP1541662B1 (de) | 2015-09-02 |
DE10357880B4 (de) | 2008-05-29 |
JP5025080B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 |
KR20050058223A (ko) | 2005-06-16 |
JP2005171256A (ja) | 2005-06-30 |
US20050126072A1 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
HUE027738T2 (en) | 2016-11-28 |
DE10357880A1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
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