EP1537264B1 - Electrically conductive thread - Google Patents

Electrically conductive thread Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1537264B1
EP1537264B1 EP03756439A EP03756439A EP1537264B1 EP 1537264 B1 EP1537264 B1 EP 1537264B1 EP 03756439 A EP03756439 A EP 03756439A EP 03756439 A EP03756439 A EP 03756439A EP 1537264 B1 EP1537264 B1 EP 1537264B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrically conductive
thread
conductive yarn
yarn
elastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03756439A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1537264A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Nusko
Adi Parzl
Georg Maier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
W Zimmermann GmbH and Co KG
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W Zimmermann GmbH and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2002142785 external-priority patent/DE10242785A1/en
Application filed by W Zimmermann GmbH and Co KG filed Critical W Zimmermann GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1537264A1 publication Critical patent/EP1537264A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1537264B1 publication Critical patent/EP1537264B1/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • D02G3/328—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic containing elastane
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/12—Threads containing metallic filaments or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to elastic, electrically conductive yarns, their use and processes for their production.
  • staple yarns are known. Essentially short textile fibers are spun into a yarn together with short and very fine metal fibers. Depending on the metal content, these yarns have more or less textile or metallic properties. Stacking yarns with good electrical conductivity have a metallic look and feel.
  • EP 250 260 describes, as by the winding of parallel guided wire and textile thread and thin wires in the core of a wound yarn can be used.
  • the central textile thread provides tear strength, while the parallel running thin wire causes the electrical conductivity of the yarn.
  • Such yarns are not very elastic.
  • CH 690 686 describes the production of a composite yarn made of textile sliver and monofilament metal thread.
  • the fuse is fed centrally to a coated metal wire.
  • the melting coating bonds the central wire to the spun textile cover.
  • US 5 881 547 teaches the fabrication of a high tensile, electrically conductive yarn for use in fencing apparel. These yarns consist of a non-electrically conductive core thread and a double, crosswise winding with stainless steel wire. They are due to the large diameter of the stainless steel wires used in the range between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm very stiff, hardly stretchable and not elastic.
  • the preferably multifilament synthetic yarn described in US Pat. No. 5,927,060 can endure an elongation of about 5% without changing the electrical conductivity.
  • the textile core thread used there has no rubber-elastic properties.
  • the weak wrapping with only 200 to 600 turns per meter under the given conditions allows only a small elongation until it comes to the breaking of the covering wire.
  • the yarns described last have no rubber-elastic properties. Even if they can withstand low strains in the range of 3% to 5% without loss of electrical conductivity, then significant residual strains remain. Strains of more than 10% can not survive the yarns described last without demolition or at least without loss of conductivity.
  • EP 1 185 471 describes an electrically conductive yarn comprising an elastic core thread and an electrically conductive thread wound around the core thread. This yarn has no limit on stretchability.
  • the object is to provide yarns which are electrically conductive, which can be stretched at least for a short time without loss of conductivity and have improved elongation properties.
  • the yarns according to the invention are constructed from at least one elastic core thread, at least one electrically conductive thread wound around the core thread and at least one binding thread wound around the core thread.
  • the extensibility of the entire electrically conductive yarn is limited by the Umwindefaden.
  • Such a conductive yarn has a whole host of improved properties.
  • the yarn has elastic properties over a wide range of tensile stress.
  • an overloading by tensile stress does not lead to a reduction in the conductivity of a yarn according to the invention. This is achieved by limiting the extensibility of the yarn through the binding thread.
  • By limiting the extensibility of the binding thread is also achieved that the yarn retains its elastic properties over its entire load range.
  • the restoring force of the yarn increases disproportionately from a certain tensile load.
  • the reason for this disproportionate increase in the restoring force lies in the binding thread. This can namely no longer yield by spreading of its helical shape to a smaller number of turns per unit length of the core thread from a certain tensile load of this load, but allows further stretching only by stretching in the longitudinal direction.
  • the transition from a spreading of the helical structure to an actual stretching of the wraparound thread even in its longitudinal direction results in a large increase in the restoring force, thereby preventing further stretching of the yarn.
  • This disproportionate increase in the restoring force takes place at a tensile stress, in which the electrically conductive thread is not yet broken. So the yarn is still conductive.
  • the degree of extensibility of the wraparound thread depends mainly on the material properties and on the number of wraps of the wraparound thread around the core thread. By a higher number of windings is generally achieved a higher elasticity. In addition, a higher elongation at fracture of the material leads to increased extensibility.
  • the elongation at break of a material is the elongation of the material by tensile stress until it breaks. It serves to determine the strength of the claimed material.
  • a material with a high elongation at break can therefore be stretched by a large amount before it breaks or, in the case of threads, breaks.
  • the extensibility of the entire electrically conductive yarn is limited by the binding thread.
  • core thread, conductive thread and binding thread are appropriately matched in terms of material and in terms of the number of wraps of conductive thread and binding thread around the core thread.
  • the extensibility also depends on the force with which the core thread is wound. Also, the different thread materials have different coefficients of friction, whereby a different amount of force is required to move the individual threads against each other.
  • the number of turns around the core thread present in the resulting yarn is influenced not only by the number of turns actually made, but also by the degree of pre-stretch of the core thread. The higher the force with which the core thread is pre-stretched, the more drastically increases the number of turns, which are present after relief of the core thread per unit length of the core thread.
  • the core thread is made of a rubber-elastic material.
  • rubber-elastic material is to be understood that sets after deformation of the material and subsequent discharge of the original state of the material again. According to DIN 7724 (February 1972), two types of elasticity are distinguished, namely energy elasticity (steel elasticity) and entropy elasticity (rubber elasticity).
  • the elastic core thread has an elongation at break of at least 50%, preferably of at least 100%, particularly preferably of at least 200%. Most preferably, the core thread has an elongation at break of at least 300%, in particular of at least 400%, particularly preferably of at least 500%.
  • the one or more elastic core threads are responsible for the rubber-elastic properties of the entire yarn unit.
  • the market offers a variety of rubber-elastic threads, from which the material suitable for the respective application can be selected. These include, among others, natural and synthetic rubbers, the various types of polyester and polyether elastane, modified polyesters, postcrosslinked thermoplastics, etc. Polyurethane-polyurethane elastomers and / or polyether-polyurethane elastomers are particularly suitable as materials for the rubber-elastic core thread.
  • the yarns according to the invention should contract at least approximately to the original length due to the rubber-elastic properties of the core thread.
  • the electrically conductive yarn has a maximum residual elongation of 5% after an elastic elongation of at least 15% in the longitudinal direction without loss of its electrical conductivity.
  • the core thread can be used in a form suitable for the respective application.
  • some variants may be mentioned: monofilament, multifilament, segmented types and textured types. If necessary, several threads can be used parallel or twisted in the core. Similar or different threads can be used side by side.
  • the elastic core of the composite yarn is provided with at least one electrically conductive wrap.
  • the elastic core may be wound multiple times with conductive threads. These conductive wraps can also be applied in different winding directions and optionally separated from one another by intermediate layers.
  • Particularly suitable conductive threads are metallic wires, wire twisted or braided, conductive coated synthetic fibers, staple yarns with a metal content, yarns of conductive polymers and conductive filled conductive synthetic fibers.
  • the conductive threads can be used singly or multiply, sorted or mixed.
  • Monofilament metal wires used as conductive threads have a diameter between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.02 and 0.06 mm, particularly preferably between 0.03 and 0.05 mm.
  • multifilament stainless steel yarns are outstandingly suitable for the production of the yarns according to the invention.
  • the thickness of a single stainless steel filament ranges between 0.002 mm and 0.02 mm.
  • the number of individual filaments is between 10 and 200.
  • the use of silver-coated synthetic yarns for electrically conductive wrapping of the elastic core offers.
  • Washable, silver-coated nylon yarns are particularly suitable for producing the yarns of the invention.
  • the market offers both monofilament and multifilament yarns. With multifilament yarns as a wrap, higher area coverage of the core can be achieved with the same yarn diameter compared to monofilament fibers.
  • the yarn comprises another wrap.
  • a wrap can take on different functions. Examples include: electrical insulation (outward, inward or between several conductive layers), mechanical abrasion protection, improving the processability of the yarn on high-speed machines, color, gloss, appearance, feel, haptics, overstretch protection, tear resistance, compensation of the internal torsional stress of the yarn after wrapping in one direction. It should be noted that this further Umwindefaden will not be electrically conductive in the rule. However, the present invention also encompasses binding threads which have an electrical conductivity of any desired strength.
  • a yarn structure with an inner elastic core, inner winding with conductive thread and in the opposite direction executed textile outer wrap is suitable.
  • the outer wrap is designed to be fully tensioned in the event of a strong stretch in front of the inner conductive wrap. Thus, the outer wrap slows down a stretch before the conductive wrap takes damage.
  • Multifilament yarns preferably lie flat on the core thread when they are wound around a core, so that they produce a significantly higher area coverage with the same outside diameter than the monofilament.
  • all possible threads may be suitable for the described further wrapping.
  • Representative of the possible materials are exemplified: nylon, polyester, viscose, polyamide, linen, wool, silk, cotton, polypropylene, Kevlar in the various embodiments, blended yarns of all kinds and metallized yarns such.
  • the production of the yarns according to the invention can be carried out in various ways.
  • the preferred method is the classical yarn wrap.
  • the central elastic thread is warped on a drafting system.
  • the warped elastic core thread is passed through a rotating hollow spindle.
  • the yarn package sits with the conductive thread or the Umwindefaden.
  • This thread is entrained by the uniformly withdrawn elastic core thread, so that the conductive thread or the Umwindefaden is wound in the form of a helix around the core thread. If the distorted core thread relaxes after being wound up, the individual turns are much denser than during winding.
  • Rubber-elastic yarns can be manufactured with high distortion compared to inelastic yarns, which leads to significantly narrower windings under otherwise identical production conditions as a result of the described relaxation of the yarn after winding.
  • Elastic yarns can be wound more tightly with the mentioned method than non-elastic yarns.
  • the electrically conductive thread and the binding thread are wound in opposite directions around the elastic core thread.
  • the electrically conductive thread is wound around elastic core thread in the S direction
  • the binding thread is wound around the elastic core thread in the Z direction. It is therefore a crosswise winding.
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of the yarns and fabrics according to the invention for data transmission and the power supply of electrical or electronic components.
  • the use of the yarns and fabrics according to the invention as electrically conductive materials is included, which can transport different electrical signals without appreciable mutual influence next to each other similar to a ribbon cable or a spatially resolved controllable two-dimensional matrix.
  • yarns according to the invention or products made therefrom can be used for shielding electromagnetic fields or for dissipating static charges.
  • a use of the yarns according to the invention as resistance ladder in the context of an electric heater is possible.
  • the present invention also encompasses the use of the inventive yarns as electrical heating conductors and the fabric made therefrom as elastic, electrically heatable fabrics.
  • the present invention also includes the use of the yarns of the invention as a sensor material, preferably as a moisture sensor or strain sensor.
  • Lycra 163C manufactured of Lycra 163C (manufacturer: Du pont De Nemours International SA Fibers Department, Du Pont Road 1, D-61352, Bad Homburg, product name: LYCRA Elastane Yarn; Dtex / Type: 1880 Dtex T. 136C) with a caliper of 1880 dtex is pre-stretched on a yarn-winding machine.
  • the breaking elongation of the thread is 500% with a breaking force of 1300 cN.
  • the thread relaxes after an elongation of 100% up to a residual extension of 2.4%.
  • the pre-stretched Lycra thread is passed through a hollow spindle.
  • This hollow spindle carries a conical yarn spindle from which a 0.04 mm thick, hard-silver-plated copper wire (manufacturer: Elektro-Feindraht AG in CH-8182 Escholzmatt, product designation: Textile Wire silver / copper with paint type TW-D) is drawn off through the lycra thread becomes.
  • the diameter of the wire including its paint coating is 0.048 mm.
  • the wire has an elongation at break of 21.3%.
  • the simply wrapped with wire Lycra is passed through a second hollow spindle.
  • This hollow spindle carries a commercially available PA66 multifilament polyamide yarn of 78 dtex and 34 individual filaments (manufacturer: Radicifil S.p.A. / Synfil GmbH, IT-24126 Bergamo, designation RN01235_78 / 34 / 1S, elongation at break: 28%).
  • the PA66 yarn is wound around the core in opposite directions to the wire.
  • the machine parameters are selected to produce a balanced yarn that is as free as possible from internal torsional stresses.
  • the outer PA66 yarn is wound 3200 times per meter of yarn around the core; the inner wire is wound 3600 times per meter of yarn around the core.
  • the inside lying wire is almost completely covered by the outer PA66 yarn, so that the yarn has textile look and feel.
  • the yarn has excellent electrical conductivity. At an elongation of about 250%, the restoring force of the yarn is disproportionately stronger due to the complete stretching of the PA66 yarn. Only at about 300% elongation, the yarn loses its electrical conductivity due to wire breakage.
  • the elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 1 is used on a commercially available loom as weft.
  • the warp beam consists of 0.3 mm thick, simply twisted cotton threads, which are grouped in groups of 8 threads. Interweaving creates a strong web that has excellent electrical conductivity in the weft direction and does not conduct electrical current in the direction of the warp. Even after stretching by more than 120% in weft direction, these electrical properties are maintained. If the poles of a DC voltage source connected in the warp direction spaced, so this voltage at a distance of one meter in weft direction for operating an electrical load, such. B. a light emitting diode can be used. The fabric can be stretched in the weft direction without affecting the power supply of the light emitting diode.
  • the elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 1 is used on a commercially available loom as weft.
  • the warp beam consists of an electrically conductive, but not rubber-elastic composite yarn.
  • PA66 commercial polyamide yarn
  • Interweaving creates a strong web that has excellent electrical conductivity in the weft direction and independent electrical conductivity in the direction of the warp. Even after stretching by more than 120% in weft direction, these electrical properties are maintained.
  • This low-cost fabric to be produced with a corresponding electronic control as a matrix for spatially resolving signal acquisition or for the operation of a spatially resolving output unit such. B. a screen can be used.
  • Lycra 163C Du Pont de Nemours GmbH, Du Pont Street 1, D-61352, Bad Homburg
  • 1880 dtex is pre-stretched on a yarn rewinding machine.
  • the pre-stretched Lycra thread is passed through a hollow spindle.
  • This hollow spindle carries a conical yarn spindle, from the head over a silver-coated polyamide thread with 30 denier and 18 individual filaments (X-static, Life SRL, 1-25015 Desenzano, Italy) is withdrawn through the lycra thread.
  • the lycra which is simply wrapped with the silver-coated fiber, is guided through a second hollow spindle.
  • This hollow spindle carries a commercially available PA66 multifilament polyamide yarn with 33 dtex and 10 individual filaments.
  • the PA66 yarn is wound around the core in opposition to the silver-coated fiber.
  • the machine parameters are selected to produce a balanced yarn that is as free as possible from internal torsional stresses.
  • the outer PA66 yarn is wound 3200 times per meter of yarn around the core; the silver-coated thread is wound 3600 times per meter of yarn around the core.
  • the inside silver-coated thread is not completely covered by the outside PA66 yarn.
  • the yarn has excellent electrical conductivity. At an elongation of about 250%, the restoring force of the yarn is disproportionately stronger due to the complete stretching of the PA66 yarn. Only at about 320% elongation tear the yarns enveloping the Lycrakern.
  • the elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 4 is used on a commercially available loom as weft.
  • the warp beam consists of an electrically conductive, but not rubber-elastic composite yarn.
  • a commercial polyester yarn of 100 dtex and 36 individual filaments with an inner wrap of a silver-coated polyamide thread with 30 denier and 18 individual filaments (X-static, Life SRL, I-25015 Desenzano, Italy) and an outer wrap from commercial polyamide yarn (PA66) with 33 dtex and 10 individual filaments.
  • Interweaving creates a solid tissue that has excellent electrical conductivity. Due to the incomplete isolation of the silver-coated convolutions in both the warp and the weft, all electrically conductive yarns are in electrical contact with each other in the fabric. Even after an elongation of more than 100% in the weft direction, this direction-independent electrical conductivity is maintained. Such a fabric has excellent shielding properties against electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the range of 1 to 2000 MHz.
  • the elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 1 is used as a warp thread on a commercially available ribbon loom.
  • the warp tree consists of alternating sequences of 8 identical threads. It is alternated between figure 8 bundles from the yarns described in Example 1 and those without conductive portion.
  • the non-conductive filaments are broadly similar to the yarns described in Example 1 except for the fact that instead of the filament, a PA66 multifilament polyamide yarn of 78 dtex and 34 single filaments is used.
  • the weft thread used is a commercially available multifilament polyamide yarn.
  • the elastic band produced in this way has adjacent, mutually electrically insulated, conductive bands.
  • the use of a plastic-coated wire for the production of the yarn is advantageous.
  • a described in this example elastic flat cable is ideal for connecting electrical or electronic components in clothing.
  • the tape can be stretched in the warp direction without loss of electrical conductivity.
  • the band is not sensitive to wrinkles and wrinkles when wearing clothing.
  • the elastic, electrically in the weft direction conductive fabric of Example 2 is contacted by means of commercially available ribbon cable connector to a width of 1.1 cm and a length of 50 cm electrically in the weft direction. After applying a DC voltage electric current flows. In the middle between the connection points, the temperature increase resulting from the current flow is determined by means of an NTC resistor. With a heat output of 5 W (1.4 A at 3.6 V), the temperature increase achieved is already 30 ° C. With a heating current of 13 W (2 A at 6.5 V), the temperature increase is 64.5 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The electrically conductive yarn has a stretch core filament, with an electrically conductive filament wound around it together with a non-conductive bonding filament of natural or synthetic fibers. The bonding filament limits the stretch of the elastic core. The core, of a natural rubber or synthetic elastic material, has a stretch to break of at least 50% and preferably at least 100% and especially at least 200%. The conductive filament is a metal wire, or a synthetic fiber filament or multi-filament yarn with a metal cladding.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft elastische, elektrisch leitfähige Garne, deren Verwendung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung.The present invention relates to elastic, electrically conductive yarns, their use and processes for their production.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Es sind einige Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrisch leitfähiger Garne bekannt. So werden z. B. zur Ableitung elektrostatischer Aufladung seit langem Metalldrähte oder Drahtgeflechte bzw. metallisierte Garne direkt in Gewebe eingearbeitet. Diese Gewebe sind oft problematisch am Webstuhl zu fertigen und verfügen aufgrund der offen liegenden Drähte über eine nur eingeschränkt textile Optik und / oder einen metallischen Griff.There are some known processes for producing electrically conductive yarns. So z. B. for discharging electrostatic charge for a long time metal wires or wire mesh or metallized yarns incorporated directly into tissue. These fabrics are often problematic to manufacture the loom and have due to the exposed wires over a limited textile look and / or a metallic handle.

Ferner sind Verfahren zur Herstellung von so genannten Stapelgarnen bekannt. Dabei werden im Wesentlichen kurze textile Fasern zusammen mit kurzen und sehr feinen Metallfasern zu einem Garn gesponnen. Je nach Metallgehalt besitzen diese Garne mehr oder weniger textile oder metallische Eigenschaften. Stapelgarne mit guter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit weisen eine metallische Optik und Haptik auf.Furthermore, methods for the production of so-called staple yarns are known. Essentially short textile fibers are spun into a yarn together with short and very fine metal fibers. Depending on the metal content, these yarns have more or less textile or metallic properties. Stacking yarns with good electrical conductivity have a metallic look and feel.

Bekannt sind auch Verfahren, bei denen zentral geführte Metalldrähte einfach oder doppelt textil umwunden werden. Da in diesen Garnen im Wesentlichen der Draht die Reißfestigkeit bestimmt, werden meist relativ dicke Drähte mit Durchmessern größer 0,1 mm eingesetzt. Derartige Garne sind verhältnismäßig steif und deshalb für textile Anwendungen unbrauchbar.Methods are also known in which centrally guided metal wires are wound simply or doubly textile. Since in these yarns essentially the wire determines the tensile strength, usually relatively thick wires are used with diameters greater than 0.1 mm. Such yarns are relatively stiff and therefore useless for textile applications.

Die EP 250 260 beschreibt, wie durch die Umwindung von parallel geführtem Draht und textilem Faden auch dünne Drähte im Kern eines umwundenen Garnes eingesetzt werden können. In dieser Anordnung sorgt der zentrale textile Faden für Reißfestigkeit, während der parallel laufende dünne Draht die elektrische Leitfähigkeit des Garns bewirkt. Derartige Garne sind aber nicht besonders gut dehnbar.EP 250 260 describes, as by the winding of parallel guided wire and textile thread and thin wires in the core of a wound yarn can be used. In this arrangement, the central textile thread provides tear strength, while the parallel running thin wire causes the electrical conductivity of the yarn. Such yarns are not very elastic.

In der CH 690 686 wird die Herstellung eines Verbundgarnes aus textiler Lunte und monofilem Metallfaden beschrieben. Während des Garnspinnprozesses auf einer Ringspinnmaschine wird der Lunte zentral ein beschichteter Metalldraht zugeführt. In der dem Spinnprozess nachgeschalteten thermischen Behandlung verklebt die schmelzende Beschichtung den zentralen Draht mit der gesponnenen textilen Umhüllung. Auch diese Garne weisen keine gute Dehnbarkeit auf.CH 690 686 describes the production of a composite yarn made of textile sliver and monofilament metal thread. During the yarn spinning process on a ring spinning machine, the fuse is fed centrally to a coated metal wire. In the thermal treatment following the spinning process, the melting coating bonds the central wire to the spun textile cover. These yarns do not have good stretchability.

Keines der oben beschriebenen Garne kann ohne Verlust der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in nennenswertem Umfang elastisch gedehnt werden, da die leitfähigen Fäden entweder reißen oder sich plastisch verformen.None of the yarns described above can be stretched to any appreciable extent elastically without loss of electrical conductivity because the conductive filaments either crack or plastically deform.

In den Schriften US 4 776 160, US 5 881 547 und US 5 927 060 werden jeweils Garne beschrieben, bei denen elektrisch leitfähige Fäden um zentral angeordnete textile Fäden gewunden werden. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht prinzipiell eine gewisse Dehnung der gesamten Garneinheit, ohne ein Reißen des Garnes bzw. einen Bruch der leitfähigen Umwindung zu verursachen.The documents US Pat. Nos. 4,776,160, 5,881,547 and 5,927,060 each describe yarns in which electrically conductive threads are wound around centrally arranged textile threads. This arrangement, in principle, allows for some stretching of the entire yarn unit without causing the yarn to break or break the conductive wrap.

Die US 5 881 547 lehrt die Fertigung eines hochreißfesten, elektrisch leitenden Garns zum Einsatz in Fechtbekleidung. Diese Garne bestehen aus einem nicht elektrisch leitfähigen Kernfaden und einer doppelten, kreuzweisen Umwindung mit Edelstahldraht. Sie sind aufgrund des großen Durchmessers der verwendeten Edelstahldrähte im Bereich zwischen 0,6 mm und 1,2 mm sehr steif, kaum dehnbar und keinesfalls elastisch.US 5 881 547 teaches the fabrication of a high tensile, electrically conductive yarn for use in fencing apparel. These yarns consist of a non-electrically conductive core thread and a double, crosswise winding with stainless steel wire. They are due to the large diameter of the stainless steel wires used in the range between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm very stiff, hardly stretchable and not elastic.

Sowohl in der US 4 776 160 als auch in der US 5 927 060 wird die Verwendung flexibler, dehnbarer Kernfäden zur Herstellung leitfähiger Garne mit guten textilen Eigenschaften erwähnt. Die US 4 776 160 erwähnt als Materialien für den Kernfaden Thermoplaste wie z. B. Nylon, Polyester, Rayon, Acryl, PEEK, PBS, PBI, Polyolefine (PE, PP) und flüssigkristalline Polymere, Polycarbonat, Polyvinylalkohol und Aramidfasem. Keines dieser Materialien verfügt über gummielastische Eigenschaften.Both US Pat. Nos. 4,776,160 and 5,927,060 mention the use of flexible, stretchable core filaments for producing conductive yarns having good textile properties. The US 4,776,160 mentioned as materials for the core thread thermoplastics such. As nylon, polyester, rayon, acrylic, PEEK, PBS, PBI, polyolefins (PE, PP) and liquid crystalline polymers, polycarbonate, polyvinyl alcohol and aramid fibers. None of these materials has rubber-elastic properties.

Das in der US 5 927 060 beschriebene, bevorzugt multifilamente synthetische Garn kann eine Dehnung um ca. 5% ohne Veränderung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit ertragen. Der dort verwendete textile Kernfaden besitzt keinerlei gummielastische Eigenschaften. Darüber hinaus erlaubt die schwache Umwicklung mit lediglich 200 bis 600 Umwindungen pro Meter unter den gegebenen Bedingungen eine nur geringe Dehnung bis es zum Bruch des umhüllenden Drahtes kommt.The preferably multifilament synthetic yarn described in US Pat. No. 5,927,060 can endure an elongation of about 5% without changing the electrical conductivity. The textile core thread used there has no rubber-elastic properties. In addition, the weak wrapping with only 200 to 600 turns per meter under the given conditions allows only a small elongation until it comes to the breaking of the covering wire.

Auch die zuletzt beschriebenen Garne verfügen über keine gummielastischen Eigenschaften. Selbst wenn sie geringe Dehnungen im Bereich von 3% bis 5% ohne Verlust der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit überstehen können, so bleiben deutliche Restdehnungen übrig. Dehnungen um mehr als 10% können auch die zuletzt beschriebenen Garne nicht ohne Abriss oder zumindest ohne Verlust der Leitfähigkeit überstehen.The yarns described last have no rubber-elastic properties. Even if they can withstand low strains in the range of 3% to 5% without loss of electrical conductivity, then significant residual strains remain. Strains of more than 10% can not survive the yarns described last without demolition or at least without loss of conductivity.

Die EP 1 185 471 beschreibt ein elektrisch leitfähiges Garn, umfassend einen elastischen Kernfaden und einen um den Kernfaden gewundenen elektrisch leitfähigen Faden. Dieses Garn hat keine Begrenzung der Dehnbarkeit.EP 1 185 471 describes an electrically conductive yarn comprising an elastic core thread and an electrically conductive thread wound around the core thread. This yarn has no limit on stretchability.

Es besteht daher weiterhin ein Bedarf an Garnen, die neben einer elektrischen Leitfähigkeit eine hohe Elastizität und verbesserte Dehnungseigenschaften aufweisen.There is therefore still a need for yarns which, in addition to electrical conductivity, have high elasticity and improved elongation properties.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Hier setzt die Erfindung an. Der Erfindung, wie sie in den Ansprüchen gekennzeichnet ist, liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Garne bereitzustellen, die elektrisch leitfähig sind, die ohne Verlust der Leitfähigkeit zumindest kurzzeitig deutlich gedehnt werden können und die verbesserte Dehnungseigenschaften aufweisen.This is where the invention starts. The invention, as characterized in the claims, the object is to provide yarns which are electrically conductive, which can be stretched at least for a short time without loss of conductivity and have improved elongation properties.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Garn gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Details, Aspekte und Ausgestaltungen der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Beispielen.This object is achieved by the yarn according to claim 1. Further advantageous details, aspects and embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the examples.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Garne sind aus zumindest einem elastischen Kernfaden, mindestens einen, um den Kernfaden gewundenen elektrisch leitfähigen Faden und mindestens einen, um den Kernfaden gewundenen Umwindefaden aufgebaut. Die Dehnbarkeit des gesamten elektrisch leitfähigen Garns wird durch den Umwindefaden begrenzt.The yarns according to the invention are constructed from at least one elastic core thread, at least one electrically conductive thread wound around the core thread and at least one binding thread wound around the core thread. The extensibility of the entire electrically conductive yarn is limited by the Umwindefaden.

Ein solches leitfähiges Garn besitzt -eine ganze Reihe von verbesserten Eigenschaften. Das Garn weist über einen weiten Bereich einer Zugbeanspruchung elastische Eigenschaften auf. Im Gegensatz zu den aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten leitfähigen Garnen führt eine Überbelastung durch Zugbeanspruchung nicht zu einer Verminderung der Leitfähigkeit eines erfindungsgemäßen Garns. Dies wird durch die Begrenzung der Dehnbarkeit des Garns durch den Umwindefaden erreicht. Durch die Begrenzung der Dehnbarkeit durch den Umwindefaden wird zudem erreicht, dass das Garn über seinen ganzen Belastungsbereich seine elastischen Eigenschaften behält.Such a conductive yarn has a whole host of improved properties. The yarn has elastic properties over a wide range of tensile stress. In contrast to the conductive yarns known from the prior art, an overloading by tensile stress does not lead to a reduction in the conductivity of a yarn according to the invention. This is achieved by limiting the extensibility of the yarn through the binding thread. By limiting the extensibility of the binding thread is also achieved that the yarn retains its elastic properties over its entire load range.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung nimmt die Rückstellkraft des Garns ab einer bestimmten Zugbelastung überproportional zu. Der Grund für diesen überproportionalen Anstieg der Rückstellkraft liegt in dem Umwindefaden. Dieser kann nämlich ab einer bestimmten Zugbelastung dieser Belastung nicht mehr durch Aufspreizung seiner helikalen Form zu einer geringeren Anzahl an Windungen pro Längeneinheit des Kernfadens nachgeben, sondern erlaubt einer weitere Streckung nur noch durch eine Dehnung in longitudinaler Richtung. Der Übergang von einer Aufspreizung der helikalen Struktur zu einer tatsächlichen Streckung des Umwindefadens selbst in seiner Längsrichtung führt zu einem starken Anstieg der Rückstellkraft, wodurch ein weiteres Dehnen des Garns verhindert wird. Diese überproportionale Zunahme der Rückstellkraft findet bei einer Zugbeanspruchung statt, bei der der elektrisch leitfähige Faden noch nicht gerissen ist. Das Garn ist also immer noch leitfähig.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the restoring force of the yarn increases disproportionately from a certain tensile load. The reason for this disproportionate increase in the restoring force lies in the binding thread. This can namely no longer yield by spreading of its helical shape to a smaller number of turns per unit length of the core thread from a certain tensile load of this load, but allows further stretching only by stretching in the longitudinal direction. The transition from a spreading of the helical structure to an actual stretching of the wraparound thread even in its longitudinal direction results in a large increase in the restoring force, thereby preventing further stretching of the yarn. This disproportionate increase in the restoring force takes place at a tensile stress, in which the electrically conductive thread is not yet broken. So the yarn is still conductive.

Das Ausmaß der Dehnbarkeit des Umwindefadens hängt hauptsächlich von den Materialeigenschaften und von der Anzahl der Wicklungen des Umwindefadens um den Kernfaden ab. Durch eine höhere Anzahl an Wicklungen wird im Allgemeinen eine höhere Dehnbarkeit erreicht. Daneben führt eine höhere Bruchdehnung des Materials zu einer erhöhten Dehnbarkeit.The degree of extensibility of the wraparound thread depends mainly on the material properties and on the number of wraps of the wraparound thread around the core thread. By a higher number of windings is generally achieved a higher elasticity. In addition, a higher elongation at fracture of the material leads to increased extensibility.

Unter der Bruchdehnung eines Materials versteht man die Längung des Materials durch Zugbeanspruchung bis zum Bruch. Sie dient zur Ermittlung der Festigkeit des beanspruchten Materials. Ein Material mit hoher Bruchdehnung kann also um einen weiten Betrag gedehnt werden bevor es bricht bzw. im Fall von Fäden reißt.The elongation at break of a material is the elongation of the material by tensile stress until it breaks. It serves to determine the strength of the claimed material. A material with a high elongation at break can therefore be stretched by a large amount before it breaks or, in the case of threads, breaks.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Dehnbarkeit des gesamten elektrisch leitfähigen Garns durch den Umwindefaden begrenzt. Um diese Eigenschaft zu erfüllen, sind Kernfaden, leitfähiger Faden und Umwindefaden im Hinblick auf Material und im Hinblick auf die Anzahl der Umwicklungen von leitfähigem Faden und Umwindefaden um den Kernfaden zweckmäßig aufeinander abgestimmt. Daneben werden vorteilhaft einige weitere, dem Fachmann auf dem Gebiet der Garnherstellung bekannte Parameter angepasst. Die Dehnbarkeit hängt nämlich außerdem von der Kraft, mit der die Umwindung des Kernfadens erfolgt, ab. Auch weisen die verschiedenen Fadenmaterialien verschiedene Reibungskoeffizienten auf, wodurch ein unterschiedlicher Kraftaufwand erforderlich wird, um die einzelnen Fäden gegeneinander zu verschieben.According to the invention, the extensibility of the entire electrically conductive yarn is limited by the binding thread. To fulfill this property, core thread, conductive thread and binding thread are appropriately matched in terms of material and in terms of the number of wraps of conductive thread and binding thread around the core thread. In addition, it is advantageous to adapt some further parameters known to the expert in the field of yarn production. The extensibility also depends on the force with which the core thread is wound. Also, the different thread materials have different coefficients of friction, whereby a different amount of force is required to move the individual threads against each other.

Für den Fachmann auf dem Gebiet der Garnherstellung stellt eine solche Auswahl kein Problem dar. Für die Auswahl geeigneter Materialien und geeigneter Herstellungsparameter wird der Fachmann üblicherweise einen bestimmten Kernfaden vorlegen, diesen mit einem dünnen Draht umwickeln und dann den Umwindefaden so bestimmen, dass das Garn die geforderten Eigenschaften erfüllt.For the expert in the field of yarn production, such a selection is not a problem. For the selection of suitable materials and suitable production parameters, the skilled person will usually submit a specific core thread, wrap it with a thin wire and then determine the binding thread so that the yarn required properties met.

Zu beachten ist, dass die Anzahl der Umwindungen um den Kernfaden, die in dem resultierenden Garn vorliegen, nicht nur durch die tatsächlich durchgeführte Zahl an Wicklungen beeinflusst wird, sondern auch durch den Grad der Vorstreckung des Kernfadens. Je höher die Kraft ist, mit der der Kernfaden vorgestreckt wird, umso drastischer erhöht sich die Anzahl an Umwindungen, die nach Entlastung des Kernfadens pro Längeneinheit des Kernfadens vorliegen.It should be noted that the number of turns around the core thread present in the resulting yarn is influenced not only by the number of turns actually made, but also by the degree of pre-stretch of the core thread. The higher the force with which the core thread is pre-stretched, the more drastically increases the number of turns, which are present after relief of the core thread per unit length of the core thread.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht der Kernfaden aus einem gummielastischen Material. Unter dem Begriff "gummielastisches Material" ist zu verstehen, dass sich nach Deformation des Materials und anschließender Entlastung der ursprüngliche Zustand des Materials wieder einstellt. Nach DIN 7724 (Februar 1972) unterscheidet man zwei Arten von Elastizität, nämlich Energieelastizität (Stahlelastizität) und Entropieelastizität (Gummielastizität).According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the core thread is made of a rubber-elastic material. The term "rubber-elastic material" is to be understood that sets after deformation of the material and subsequent discharge of the original state of the material again. According to DIN 7724 (February 1972), two types of elasticity are distinguished, namely energy elasticity (steel elasticity) and entropy elasticity (rubber elasticity).

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist der elastische Kernfaden eine Bruchdehnung von wenigstens 50%, bevorzugt von wenigstens 100%, besonders bevorzugt von wenigstens 200% auf. Ganz besonders bevorzugt besitzt der Kernfaden eine Bruchdehnung von wenigstens 300%, insbesondere von wenigstens 400%, besonders bevorzugt von wenigstens 500%.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the elastic core thread has an elongation at break of at least 50%, preferably of at least 100%, particularly preferably of at least 200%. Most preferably, the core thread has an elongation at break of at least 300%, in particular of at least 400%, particularly preferably of at least 500%.

Der oder die elastischen Kernfäden sind für die gummielastischen Eigenschaften der gesamten Garneinheit verantwortlich. Der Markt bietet eine Vielfalt von gummielastischen Fäden an, aus der das für die jeweilige Applikation geeignete Material ausgewählt werden kann. Dazu gehören unter anderem Natur- und Synthesegummis, die verschiedenen Polyester- und Polyether-Elastantypen, modifizierte Polyester, nachvernetzte Thermoplaste usw. Ganz besonders geeignet sind Polyester-Polyurethan-Elastomere und/oder Polyether-Polyurethan-Elastomere als Materialien für den gummielastischen Kernfaden.The one or more elastic core threads are responsible for the rubber-elastic properties of the entire yarn unit. The market offers a variety of rubber-elastic threads, from which the material suitable for the respective application can be selected. These include, among others, natural and synthetic rubbers, the various types of polyester and polyether elastane, modified polyesters, postcrosslinked thermoplastics, etc. Polyurethane-polyurethane elastomers and / or polyether-polyurethane elastomers are particularly suitable as materials for the rubber-elastic core thread.

Nach der Dehnung sollen sich die erfindungsgemäßen Garne aufgrund der gummielastischen Eigenschaften des Kernfadens zumindest annähernd wieder auf die ursprüngliche Länge zusammenziehen. Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung weist das elektrisch leitfähige Garn nach einer elastischen Dehnung um mindestens 15% in der Längsrichtung ohne Verlust seiner elektrischen Leitfähigkeit eine maximale Restdehnung von 5% auf. Besonders bevorzugt weist das elektrisch leitfähige Garn nach einer elastischen Dehnung um mindestens 30% in der Längsrichtung ohne Verlust seiner elektrischen Leitfähigkeit eine maximale Restdehnung von 5% auf.After stretching, the yarns according to the invention should contract at least approximately to the original length due to the rubber-elastic properties of the core thread. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrically conductive yarn has a maximum residual elongation of 5% after an elastic elongation of at least 15% in the longitudinal direction without loss of its electrical conductivity. Particularly preferably, the electrically conductive yarn after elastic elongation by at least 30% in the longitudinal direction without loss of its electrical conductivity to a maximum residual strain of 5%.

Der Kernfaden kann in einer für die jeweilige Applikation geeigneten Form eingesetzt werden. Beispielhaft seien einige Varianten genannt: Monofil, Multifil, segmentierte Typen und texturierte Typen. Falls erforderlich, können auch mehrere Fäden parallel oder verzwirnt im Kern eingesetzt werden. Es können gleichartige oder unterschiedliche Fäden nebeneinander verwendet werden.The core thread can be used in a form suitable for the respective application. By way of example, some variants may be mentioned: monofilament, multifilament, segmented types and textured types. If necessary, several threads can be used parallel or twisted in the core. Similar or different threads can be used side by side.

Der elastische Kern des Verbundgarns wird mit zumindest einer elektrisch leitfähigen Umwindung ausgestattet. Der elastische Kern kann mehrfach mit leitfähigen Fäden umwunden sein. Diese leitfähigen Umwicklungen können auch in verschiedenen Wickelrichtungen aufgebracht sein und gegebenenfalls durch Zwischenschichten voneinander getrennt sein.The elastic core of the composite yarn is provided with at least one electrically conductive wrap. The elastic core may be wound multiple times with conductive threads. These conductive wraps can also be applied in different winding directions and optionally separated from one another by intermediate layers.

Als leitfähige Fäden eignen sich besonders metallische Drähte, Drahtzwirne oder - geflechte, leitend beschichtete Synthesefasern, Stapelgarne mit Metallanteil, Garne aus leitfähigen Polymeren und leitfähig gefüllte Synthesefasern. Die leitfähigen Fäden können einfach oder mehrfach, sortenrein oder gemischt eingesetzt werden. Als leitfähige Fäden verwendete monofile Metalldrähte weisen einen Durchmesser zwischen 0,01 und 0,1 mm, bevorzugt zwischen 0,02 und 0,06 mm, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 0,03 und 0,05 mm auf.Particularly suitable conductive threads are metallic wires, wire twisted or braided, conductive coated synthetic fibers, staple yarns with a metal content, yarns of conductive polymers and conductive filled conductive synthetic fibers. The conductive threads can be used singly or multiply, sorted or mixed. Monofilament metal wires used as conductive threads have a diameter between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.02 and 0.06 mm, particularly preferably between 0.03 and 0.05 mm.

Obwohl sich prinzipiell zahlreiche Metalle und Legierungen, die zusätzlich beschichtet, eloxiert oder gebeizt sein können, als leitfähige Fäden eignen, so sind aufgrund technischer und ökonomischer Faktoren Kupferdrähte, silberbeschichtete Kupferdrähte und Edelstahldrähte besonders bevorzugt. Die Verwendung beschichteter bzw. lackierter Drahttypen verbessert die Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Waschbarkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Garne. Solche Garne sind nicht nur gut waschbar, sie widerstehen vielmehr sogar einer chemischen Reinigung.Although in principle many metals and alloys, which may additionally be coated, anodized or pickled, are suitable as conductive threads, due to technical and economic factors copper wires, silver-coated copper wires and stainless steel wires are particularly preferred. The use of coated or coated wire types improves the corrosion resistance and washability of the yarns of the invention. Not only are such yarns easy to wash, they even resist chemical cleaning.

Neben monofilen Metalldrähten eignen sich Multifilament Edelstahl Garne ganz hervorragend zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne. Typischerweise bewegt sich die Dicke eines einzelnen Edelstahl-Filaments im Bereich zwischen 0,002 mm und 0,02 mm. Die Zahl der enthaltenen Einzelfilamente liegt zwischen 10 und 200.In addition to monofilament metal wires, multifilament stainless steel yarns are outstandingly suitable for the production of the yarns according to the invention. Typically, the thickness of a single stainless steel filament ranges between 0.002 mm and 0.02 mm. The number of individual filaments is between 10 and 200.

Für zahlreiche Applikationen bietet sich die Verwendung silberbeschichteter synthetischer Garne zur elektrisch leitfähigen Umwindung des elastischen Kerns an. Besonders eignen sich waschbeständige, silberbeschichtete Nylongarne zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne. Der Markt bietet sowohl Monofilament-, als auch Multifilamentgarne an. Mit Multifilamentgarnen als Umwindung können im Vergleich zu monofilen Fasern höhere Flächenabdeckungen des Kerns bei gleichem Garndurchmesser erzielt werden.For many applications, the use of silver-coated synthetic yarns for electrically conductive wrapping of the elastic core offers. Washable, silver-coated nylon yarns are particularly suitable for producing the yarns of the invention. The market offers both monofilament and multifilament yarns. With multifilament yarns as a wrap, higher area coverage of the core can be achieved with the same yarn diameter compared to monofilament fibers.

Zusätzlich zur elektrisch leitfähigen Umwindung umfasst das Garn eine weitere Umwindung. Eine derartige Umwindung kann verschiedene Funktionen übernehmen. Beispielhaft seien genannt: Elektrische Isolierung (nach außen, nach innen oder zwischen mehreren leitfähigen Schichten), mechanischer Abriebschutz, Verbesserung der Verarbeitbarkeit des Garns auf schnell laufenden Maschinen, Farbe, Glanz, Optik, Griff, Haptik, Überdehnschutz, Reißfestigkeit, Ausgleich der inneren Torsionsspannung des Garns nach Umwindung in einer Richtung. Es soll darauf hingewiesen werden, dass dieser weitere Umwindefaden in der Regel nicht elektrisch leitfähig sein wird. Von der vorliegenden Erfindung sind aber auch Umwindefäden umfasst, die eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit beliebiger Stärke aufweisen.In addition to the electrically conductive wrap, the yarn comprises another wrap. Such a wrap can take on different functions. Examples include: electrical insulation (outward, inward or between several conductive layers), mechanical abrasion protection, improving the processability of the yarn on high-speed machines, color, gloss, appearance, feel, haptics, overstretch protection, tear resistance, compensation of the internal torsional stress of the yarn after wrapping in one direction. It should be noted that this further Umwindefaden will not be electrically conductive in the rule. However, the present invention also encompasses binding threads which have an electrical conductivity of any desired strength.

Für zahlreiche Applikationen eignet sich ein Garnaufbau mit innen liegendem elastischen Kern, innerer Umwindung mit leitfähigem Faden und in Gegenrichtung dazu ausgeführter textiler äußerer Umwindung. Die äußere Umwindung ist so beschaffen, dass sie im Fall einer starken Dehnung vor der innen liegenden leitfähigen Umwindung vollständig gespannt wird. So bremst die äußere Umwindung eine Dehnung ab, bevor die leitfähige Umwindung Schaden nimmt.For many applications, a yarn structure with an inner elastic core, inner winding with conductive thread and in the opposite direction executed textile outer wrap is suitable. The outer wrap is designed to be fully tensioned in the event of a strong stretch in front of the inner conductive wrap. Thus, the outer wrap slows down a stretch before the conductive wrap takes damage.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Garns beinhalten die Verwendung von Multifilamentgarnen als nicht leitende Umwindung. Multifilamentgarne legen sich bei der Umwindung eines Kerns bevorzugt flächig auf den Kernfaden, so dass sie bei gleichem Außendurchmesser eine im Vergleich zum Monofil deutlich höhere Flächenabdeckung bewirken.Other preferred embodiments of the yarn of the invention include the use of multifilament yarns as a nonconductive wrap. Multifilament yarns preferably lie flat on the core thread when they are wound around a core, so that they produce a significantly higher area coverage with the same outside diameter than the monofilament.

Abhängig von der Applikation können sich für die beschriebene weitere Umwindung alle möglichen Fäden eignen. Stellvertretend für die möglichen Materialien seien beispielhaft genannt: Nylon, Polyester, Viskose, Polyamid, Leinen, Wolle, Seide, Baumwolle, Polypropylen, Kevlar in den verschiedenen Ausführungsformen, Mischgarne aller Art sowie metallisierte Garne wie z. B. silberbeschichtetes Nylon.Depending on the application, all possible threads may be suitable for the described further wrapping. Representative of the possible materials are exemplified: nylon, polyester, viscose, polyamide, linen, wool, silk, cotton, polypropylene, Kevlar in the various embodiments, blended yarns of all kinds and metallized yarns such. B. silver-coated nylon.

Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne kann auf verschiedene Arten erfolgen. Bevorzugt ist das Verfahren der klassischen Garnumwindung. Dabei wird der zentrale elastische Faden auf einem Streckwerk verzogen. Der verzogene elastische Kernfaden wird durch eine rotierende Hohlspindel geführt. Auf der Hohlspindel sitzt die Garnspule mit dem leitfähigen Faden oder dem Umwindefaden. Dieser Faden wird von dem gleichmäßig abgezogenen elastischen Kernfaden mitgenommen, so dass der leitfähige Faden bzw. der Umwindefaden in Form einer Wendel um den Kernfaden gewunden wird. Entspannt sich der verzogene Kernfaden nach dem Umwinden wieder, so liegen die einzelnen Umwindungen wesentlich dichter als während des Umwindens.The production of the yarns according to the invention can be carried out in various ways. The preferred method is the classical yarn wrap. The central elastic thread is warped on a drafting system. The warped elastic core thread is passed through a rotating hollow spindle. On the hollow spindle, the yarn package sits with the conductive thread or the Umwindefaden. This thread is entrained by the uniformly withdrawn elastic core thread, so that the conductive thread or the Umwindefaden is wound in the form of a helix around the core thread. If the distorted core thread relaxes after being wound up, the individual turns are much denser than during winding.

Gummielastische Garne können im Vergleich zu unelastischen Garnen mit hohem Verzug gefertigt werden, was bei sonst identischen Produktionsbedingungen durch die beschriebene Relaxation des Garns nach der Umwindung zu deutlich engeren Wicklungen führt. Elastische Garne können mit dem genannten Verfahren enger umwunden werden als nicht elastische Garne.Rubber-elastic yarns can be manufactured with high distortion compared to inelastic yarns, which leads to significantly narrower windings under otherwise identical production conditions as a result of the described relaxation of the yarn after winding. Elastic yarns can be wound more tightly with the mentioned method than non-elastic yarns.

Grundsätzlich entstehen durch das Umwinden des Kernfadens mit einem weiteren Faden innere Torsionskräfte, die dazu führen, dass sich das Garn im entlasteten Zustand, also beim Abwickeln von der Spule, um sich selbst verdrillt. Werden zwei Fäden um den Kernfaden gewunden, so ergibt sich die Möglichkeit, diese inneren Torsionskräfte zu eliminieren. Man spricht in diesem Fall von einem "Ausbalanzieren" des Garns. Wird der zweite Faden nämlich gegensinnig zu dem ersten Faden um den Kernfaden gewunden, so ergeben sich Torsionskräfte in entgegengesetzten Richtungen. Material und Anzahl der Umwindungen können nun durch einfache Versuche so aufeinander abgestimmt werden, dass die Beträge der Torsionskräfte ungefähr gleich sind und sich eine resultierende Torsionskraft von nahezu Null ergibt. Als Folge ist gewährleistet, dass sich das Garn im unbelasteten Zustand kaum oder gar nicht um sich selbst verdrillt.Basically caused by the winding of the core thread with another thread inner torsional forces, which cause the yarn in the unloaded state, so when unwinding from the coil, twisted around itself. If two threads are wound around the core thread, then it is possible to eliminate these internal torsional forces. One speaks in this case of a "Ausbalanzieren" of the yarn. If the second thread is wound around the core thread in opposite directions to the first thread, then torsion forces result in opposite directions. Material and number of turns can now be matched by simple experiments so that the amounts of torsional forces are approximately equal and a resulting torsional force of almost zero. As a result, it is ensured that the yarn hardly or not twisted around itself in the unloaded state.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform- der vorliegenden Erfindung sind also der elektrisch leitfähige Faden und der Umwindefaden gegensinnig um den elastischen Kernfaden gewickelt. Wenn der elektrisch leitfähige Faden also beispielsweise in S-Richtung um elastischen Kernfaden gewunden vorliegt, so ist der Umwindefaden in Z-Richtung um den elastischen Kernfaden gewickelt. Es handelt sich also um eine kreuzweise Umwindung.According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, therefore, the electrically conductive thread and the binding thread are wound in opposite directions around the elastic core thread. Thus, when the electrically conductive thread is wound around elastic core thread in the S direction, for example, the binding thread is wound around the elastic core thread in the Z direction. It is therefore a crosswise winding.

Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne und Gewebe zur Datenübertragung und der Stromversorgung elektrischer bzw. elektronischer Bauteile. Daneben ist auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne und Gewebe als elektrisch leitende Materialien umfasst, die ähnlich einem Flachbandkabel bzw. einer ortsaufgelöst ansteuerbaren zweidimensionalen Matrix verschiedene elektrische Signale ohne nennenswerte gegenseitige Beeinflussung nebeneinander transportieren können.The present invention also encompasses the use of the yarns and fabrics according to the invention for data transmission and the power supply of electrical or electronic components. In addition, the use of the yarns and fabrics according to the invention as electrically conductive materials is included, which can transport different electrical signals without appreciable mutual influence next to each other similar to a ribbon cable or a spatially resolved controllable two-dimensional matrix.

Ferner können erfindungsgemäße Garne bzw. daraus gefertigte Produkte zur Abschirmung elektromagnetischer Felder oder zur Ableitung statischer Ladungen eingesetzt werden. Eine Nutzung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne als Widerstandsleiter im Rahmen einer elektrischen Heizung ist möglich.Furthermore, yarns according to the invention or products made therefrom can be used for shielding electromagnetic fields or for dissipating static charges. A use of the yarns according to the invention as resistance ladder in the context of an electric heater is possible.

Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne als elektrische Heizleiter und der daraus gefertigten Gewebe als elastische, elektrisch heizbare Gewebe.The present invention also encompasses the use of the inventive yarns as electrical heating conductors and the fabric made therefrom as elastic, electrically heatable fabrics.

Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst daneben auch die Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Garne als Sensormaterial, bevorzugt als Feuchtesensor oder Dehnungssensor.The present invention also includes the use of the yarns of the invention as a sensor material, preferably as a moisture sensor or strain sensor.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays to carry out the invention

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert werden, es wird aber ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass die Erfindung nicht auf die angegebenen Beispiele beschränkt sein soll.Below, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments, but it is expressly understood that the invention should not be limited to the examples given.

Beispiel 1:Example 1:

Ein elastischer Faden aus Lycra 163C (Hersteller: Du pont De Nemours International S.A. Fibres Department, Du Pont Straße 1, D-61352, Bad Homburg; Produktbezeichnung: LYCRA Elastane Yarn; Dtex/Typ: 1880 Dtex T. 136C) mit einer Stärke von 1880 dtex wird auf einer Garnumwindemaschine vorgestreckt. Die Bruchdehnung des Fadens beträgt 500% bei einer Reißkraft von 1300 cN. Der Faden relaxiert nach einer Dehnung von 100% bis auf eine Restdehnung von 2,4%.An elastic thread made of Lycra 163C (manufacturer: Du pont De Nemours International SA Fibers Department, Du Pont Road 1, D-61352, Bad Homburg, product name: LYCRA Elastane Yarn; Dtex / Type: 1880 Dtex T. 136C) with a caliper of 1880 dtex is pre-stretched on a yarn-winding machine. The breaking elongation of the thread is 500% with a breaking force of 1300 cN. The thread relaxes after an elongation of 100% up to a residual extension of 2.4%.

Der vorgestreckte Lycra Faden wird durch eine Hohlspindel geführt. Diese Hohlspindel trägt eine konische Garnspindel, von der über Kopf ein 0,04 mm starker, hartversilberter Kupferdraht (Hersteller: Elektro-Feindraht AG in CH-8182 Escholzmatt; Produktbezeichnung: Textile Wire silver/copper mit Lacktyp TW-D) durch den Lycrafaden abgezogen wird. Der Durchmesser des Drahtes einschließlich seiner Lackbeschichtung beträgt 0,048 mm. Der Draht weist eine Bruchdehnung von 21,3% auf.The pre-stretched Lycra thread is passed through a hollow spindle. This hollow spindle carries a conical yarn spindle from which a 0.04 mm thick, hard-silver-plated copper wire (manufacturer: Elektro-Feindraht AG in CH-8182 Escholzmatt, product designation: Textile Wire silver / copper with paint type TW-D) is drawn off through the lycra thread becomes. The diameter of the wire including its paint coating is 0.048 mm. The wire has an elongation at break of 21.3%.

Das einfach mit Draht umwundene Lycra wird durch eine zweite Hohlspindel geführt. Diese Hohlspindel trägt ein handelsübliches Multifilament-Polyamidgarn aus PA66 mit 78 dtex und 34 Einzelfilamenten (Hersteller: Radicifil S.p.A. / Synfil GmbH, IT-24126 Bergamo; Bezeichnung RN01235_78/34/1S; Bruchdehnung: 28%). Das PA66 Garn wird gegenläufig zum Draht um den Kern gewickelt. Die Maschinenparameter werden so ausgewählt, dass ein ausbalanziertes Garn entsteht, das möglichst frei von inneren Torsionsspannungen ist.The simply wrapped with wire Lycra is passed through a second hollow spindle. This hollow spindle carries a commercially available PA66 multifilament polyamide yarn of 78 dtex and 34 individual filaments (manufacturer: Radicifil S.p.A. / Synfil GmbH, IT-24126 Bergamo, designation RN01235_78 / 34 / 1S, elongation at break: 28%). The PA66 yarn is wound around the core in opposite directions to the wire. The machine parameters are selected to produce a balanced yarn that is as free as possible from internal torsional stresses.

Das äußere PA66 Garn ist 3200-mal pro Meter Garn um den Kern gewunden; der innere Draht ist 3600-mal pro Meter Garn um den Kern gewunden. Der innen liegende Draht ist annähernd vollständig von dem außen liegenden PA66 Garn bedeckt, so dass das Garn über textile Optik und Haptik verfügt. Das Garn verfügt über eine ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfähigkeit. Bei einer Dehnung um ca. 250% wird die Rückstellkraft des Garns durch vollständige Streckung des PA66 Garns überproportional stärker. Erst bei ca. 300% Dehnung verliert das Garn aufgrund von Drahtbruch seine elektrische Leitfähigkeit.The outer PA66 yarn is wound 3200 times per meter of yarn around the core; the inner wire is wound 3600 times per meter of yarn around the core. The inside lying wire is almost completely covered by the outer PA66 yarn, so that the yarn has textile look and feel. The yarn has excellent electrical conductivity. At an elongation of about 250%, the restoring force of the yarn is disproportionately stronger due to the complete stretching of the PA66 yarn. Only at about 300% elongation, the yarn loses its electrical conductivity due to wire breakage.

Beispiel 2:Example 2:

Das elastische, elektrisch leitende Verbundgarn aus Beispiel 1 wird auf einer handelsüblichen Webmaschine als Schussfaden eingesetzt. Der Kettbaum besteht aus 0,3 mm starken, einfach gezwirnten Baumwollfäden, die in Gruppen zu 8 Fäden zusammengefasst sind. Beim Verweben entsteht ein festes Gewebe, das über eine ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Schussfadenrichtung verfügt und in Richtung des Kettfadens den elektrischen Strom nicht leitet. Selbst nach einer Dehnung um mehr als 120% in Schussfadenrichtung bleiben diese elektrischen Eigenschaften erhalten. Werden die Pole einer Gleichspannungsquelle in Kettfadenrichtung beabstandet angeschlossen, so kann diese Spannung im Abstand von einem Meter in Schussfadenrichtung zum Betrieb eines elektrischen Verbrauchers, wie z. B. einer Leuchtdiode verwendet werden. Das Gewebe kann ohne Auswirkung auf die Stromversorgung der Leuchtdiode in Schussfadenrichtung gedehnt werden.The elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 1 is used on a commercially available loom as weft. The warp beam consists of 0.3 mm thick, simply twisted cotton threads, which are grouped in groups of 8 threads. Interweaving creates a strong web that has excellent electrical conductivity in the weft direction and does not conduct electrical current in the direction of the warp. Even after stretching by more than 120% in weft direction, these electrical properties are maintained. If the poles of a DC voltage source connected in the warp direction spaced, so this voltage at a distance of one meter in weft direction for operating an electrical load, such. B. a light emitting diode can be used. The fabric can be stretched in the weft direction without affecting the power supply of the light emitting diode.

Beispiel 3:Example 3:

Das elastische, elektrisch leitende Verbundgarn aus Beispiel 1 wird auf einer handelsüblichen Webmaschine als Schussfaden eingesetzt. Der Kettbaum besteht aus einem elektrisch leitenden, aber nicht gummielastischen Verbundgarn. Zur Herstellung des Kettfadens wird ein handelsübliches Polyestergarn mit 100 dtex und 36 Einzelfilamenten mit einer inneren Umwindung aus 0,041 mm starkem, hart versilbertem Kupferdraht und einer äußeren Umwindung aus handelsüblichem Polyamidgam (PA66) mit 78 dtex und 34 Einzelfilamenten ausgestattet.The elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 1 is used on a commercially available loom as weft. The warp beam consists of an electrically conductive, but not rubber-elastic composite yarn. To produce the warp, a commercial polyester yarn with 100 dtex and 36 single filaments with an inner wrap of 0.041 mm thick, hard-silvered copper wire and an outer wrap of commercial polyamide yarn (PA66) with 78 dtex and 34 single filaments.

Beim Verweben entsteht ein festes Gewebe, das über eine ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Schussfadenrichtung und eine davon unabhängige elektrische Leitfähigkeit in Richtung des Kettfadens verfügt. Selbst nach einer Dehnung um mehr als 120% in Schussfadenrichtung bleiben diese elektrischen Eigenschaften erhalten. Dieses kostengünstig zu fertigende Gewebe kann bei einer entsprechenden elektronischen Ansteuerung als Matrix zur ortsauflösenden Signalerfassung bzw. zum Betrieb einer ortsauflösenden Ausgabeeinheit wie z. B. eines Bildschirms eingesetzt werden.Interweaving creates a strong web that has excellent electrical conductivity in the weft direction and independent electrical conductivity in the direction of the warp. Even after stretching by more than 120% in weft direction, these electrical properties are maintained. This low-cost fabric to be produced, with a corresponding electronic control as a matrix for spatially resolving signal acquisition or for the operation of a spatially resolving output unit such. B. a screen can be used.

Beispiel 4:Example 4:

Ein elastischer Faden aus Lycra 163C (Du Pont de Nemours GmbH, Du Pont Straße 1, D-61352, Bad Homburg) mit 1880 dtex wird auf einer Garnumwindemaschine vorgestreckt. Der vorgestreckte Lycra Faden wird durch eine Hohlspindel geführt. Diese Hohlspindel trägt eine konische Garnspindel, von der über Kopf ein mit Silber beschichteter Polyamidfaden mit 30 denier und 18 Einzelfilamenten (X-static, Life SRL, 1-25015 Desenzano, Italien) durch den Lycrafaden abgezogen wird. Das einfach mit der silberbeschichteten Faser umwundene Lycra wird durch eine zweite Hohlspindel geführt. Diese Hohlspindel trägt ein handelsübliches Multifilament-Polyamidgarn aus PA66 mit 33 dtex und 10 Einzelfilamenten. Das PA66 Garn wird gegenläufig zur silberbeschichteten Faser um den Kern gewickelt. Die Maschinenparameter werden so ausgewählt, dass ein ausbalanziertes Garn entsteht, das möglichst frei von inneren Torsionsspannungen ist. Das äußere PA66 Garn ist 3200 Mal pro Meter Garn um den Kern gewunden; der silberbeschichtete Faden ist 3600 Mal pro Meter Garn um den Kern gewunden. Der innen liegende silberbeschichtete Faden ist nicht vollständig von dem außen liegenden PA66 Garn bedeckt. Das Garn verfügt über ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfähigkeit. Bei einer Dehnung um ca. 250% wird die Rückstellkraft des Garns durch vollständige Streckung des PA66 Garns überproportional stärker. Erst bei ca. 320% Dehnung reißen die den Lycrakern umhüllenden Garne.An elastic thread of Lycra 163C (Du Pont de Nemours GmbH, Du Pont Street 1, D-61352, Bad Homburg) with 1880 dtex is pre-stretched on a yarn rewinding machine. The pre-stretched Lycra thread is passed through a hollow spindle. This hollow spindle carries a conical yarn spindle, from the head over a silver-coated polyamide thread with 30 denier and 18 individual filaments (X-static, Life SRL, 1-25015 Desenzano, Italy) is withdrawn through the lycra thread. The lycra, which is simply wrapped with the silver-coated fiber, is guided through a second hollow spindle. This hollow spindle carries a commercially available PA66 multifilament polyamide yarn with 33 dtex and 10 individual filaments. The PA66 yarn is wound around the core in opposition to the silver-coated fiber. The machine parameters are selected to produce a balanced yarn that is as free as possible from internal torsional stresses. The outer PA66 yarn is wound 3200 times per meter of yarn around the core; the silver-coated thread is wound 3600 times per meter of yarn around the core. The inside silver-coated thread is not completely covered by the outside PA66 yarn. The yarn has excellent electrical conductivity. At an elongation of about 250%, the restoring force of the yarn is disproportionately stronger due to the complete stretching of the PA66 yarn. Only at about 320% elongation tear the yarns enveloping the Lycrakern.

Beispiel 5:Example 5:

Das elastische, elektrisch leitende Verbundgarn aus Beispiel 4 wird auf einer handelsüblichen Webmaschine als Schussfaden eingesetzt. Der Kettbaum besteht aus einem elektrisch leitenden, aber nicht gummielastischen Verbundgarn. Zur Herstellung des Kettfadens wird ein handelsübliches Polyestergarn mit 100 dtex und 36 Einzelfilamenten mit einer inneren Umwindung aus einem mit Silber beschichteten Polyamidfaden mit 30 Denier und 18 Einzelfilamenten (X-static, Life SRL, I-25015 Desenzano, Italien) und einer äußeren Umwindung aus handelsüblichem Polyamidgarn (PA66) mit 33 dtex und 10 Einzelfilamenten ausgestattet.The elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 4 is used on a commercially available loom as weft. The warp beam consists of an electrically conductive, but not rubber-elastic composite yarn. To make the warp, a commercial polyester yarn of 100 dtex and 36 individual filaments with an inner wrap of a silver-coated polyamide thread with 30 denier and 18 individual filaments (X-static, Life SRL, I-25015 Desenzano, Italy) and an outer wrap from commercial polyamide yarn (PA66) with 33 dtex and 10 individual filaments.

Beim Verweben entsteht ein festes Gewebe, das über eine ausgezeichnete elektrische Leitfähigkeit verfügt. Aufgrund der nicht vollständigen Isolierung der silberbeschichteten Umwindungen sowohl im Kett-, als auch im Schussfaden stehen in dem Gewebe alle elektrisch leitenden Garne miteinander in elektrischem Kontakt. Selbst nach einer Dehnung um mehr als 100% in Schussfadenrichtung bleibt diese richtungsunabhängige elektrische Leitfähigkeit erhalten. Ein derartiges Gewebe verfügt über ausgezeichnete abschirmende Eigenschaften gegen elektromagnetische Strahlung insbesondere im Bereich von 1 bis 2000 MHz.Interweaving creates a solid tissue that has excellent electrical conductivity. Due to the incomplete isolation of the silver-coated convolutions in both the warp and the weft, all electrically conductive yarns are in electrical contact with each other in the fabric. Even after an elongation of more than 100% in the weft direction, this direction-independent electrical conductivity is maintained. Such a fabric has excellent shielding properties against electromagnetic radiation, in particular in the range of 1 to 2000 MHz.

Beispiel 6:Example 6:

Das elastische, elektrisch leitende Verbundgarn aus Beispiel 1 wird auf einer handelsüblichen Bandwebmaschine als Kettfaden eingesetzt. Der Kettbaum besteht abwechselnd aus Sequenzen zu je 8 gleichartigen Fäden. Dabei wird zwischen Achterbündeln aus den in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Garnen und solchen ohne leitfähigen Anteil abgewechselt. Die Fäden ohne leitfähigen Anteil entsprechen weitgehend den in Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Garnen völlig bis auf die Tatsache, dass anstatt des Drahtes ein Multifilament-Polyamidgarn aus PA66 mit 78 dtex und 34 Einzelfilamenten eingesetzt wird. Als Schussfaden wird ein handelsübliches Multifilament-Polyamidgarn eingesetzt.The elastic, electrically conductive composite yarn of Example 1 is used as a warp thread on a commercially available ribbon loom. The warp tree consists of alternating sequences of 8 identical threads. It is alternated between figure 8 bundles from the yarns described in Example 1 and those without conductive portion. The non-conductive filaments are broadly similar to the yarns described in Example 1 except for the fact that instead of the filament, a PA66 multifilament polyamide yarn of 78 dtex and 34 single filaments is used. The weft thread used is a commercially available multifilament polyamide yarn.

Das so hergestellte elastische Band besitzt nebeneinander vorliegende, untereinander elektrisch isolierte, leitende Bänder. Um Kurzschlüsse zwischen den leitenden Bändern auch in feuchter Umgebung auszuschließen, ist die Verwendung eines kunststoffbeschichteten Drahtes zur Herstellung des Garnes vorteilhaft. Ein in diesem Beispiel beschriebenes elastisches Flachkabel eignet sich hervorragend zum Anschluss elektrischer bzw. elektronischer Bauteile in Bekleidung. Das Band kann ohne Verlust der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit in Kettrichtung gedehnt werden. Gegen die beim Tragen von Bekleidung entstehenden Knicke und Falten ist das Band nicht empfindlich.The elastic band produced in this way has adjacent, mutually electrically insulated, conductive bands. In order to exclude short circuits between the conductive bands even in a humid environment, the use of a plastic-coated wire for the production of the yarn is advantageous. A described in this example elastic flat cable is ideal for connecting electrical or electronic components in clothing. The tape can be stretched in the warp direction without loss of electrical conductivity. The band is not sensitive to wrinkles and wrinkles when wearing clothing.

Beispiel 7:Example 7:

Das elastische, elektrisch in Schussfadenrichtung leitende Gewebe aus Beispiel 2 wird mittels handelsüblicher Bandkabelstecker auf einer Breite von 1,1 cm und einer Länge von 50 cm elektrisch in Schussfadenrichtung kontaktiert. Nach Anlegen einer Gleichspannung fließt elektrischer Strom. In der Mitte zwischen den Anschlussstellen wird die aus dem Stromfluss resultierende Temperaturerhöhung mittels eines NTC-Widerstandes bestimmt. Bei einer Heizleistung von 5 W (1,4 A bei 3,6 V) beträgt die erreichte Temperaturerhöhung bereits 30 °C. Bei einem Heizstrom von 13 W (2 A bei 6,5 V) beträgt die Temperaturerhöhung 64,5 °C.The elastic, electrically in the weft direction conductive fabric of Example 2 is contacted by means of commercially available ribbon cable connector to a width of 1.1 cm and a length of 50 cm electrically in the weft direction. After applying a DC voltage electric current flows. In the middle between the connection points, the temperature increase resulting from the current flow is determined by means of an NTC resistor. With a heat output of 5 W (1.4 A at 3.6 V), the temperature increase achieved is already 30 ° C. With a heating current of 13 W (2 A at 6.5 V), the temperature increase is 64.5 ° C.

Durch die Dehnbarkeit und die textile Haptik des Gewebes eignet es sich bestens zur Herstellung von elastischen, elektrisch heizbaren Textilien, die im direkten Körperkontakt stehen. Beispiele für Applikationen sind Socken, Gelenkwärmer, Rückenwärmer, Handschuhe, elastische Binden etc.Due to the stretchability and the textile feel of the fabric, it is ideally suited for the production of elastic, electrically heatable textiles, which are in direct physical contact. Examples of applications are socks, joint warmers, back warmers, gloves, elastic bandages etc.

Claims (29)

  1. An electrically conductive yarn, comprising at least one elastic core thread and at least one electrically conductive thread that is wound around the core thread, characterized in that the electrically conductive yarn further comprises at least one binding thread that is wound around the core thread, and in that the extensibility of the entire electrically conductive yarn is restricted by the binding thread.
  2. The electrically conductive yarn according to claim 1, characterized in that, above a certain tensile load, the binding thread effects a disproportionate rise in the restoring force of the electrically conductive yarn, the disproportionate rise in the restoring force occurring prior to the loss of the conductivity of the yarn.
  3. The electrically conductive yarn according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core thread is composed of a rubber elastic material.
  4. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastic core thread exhibits an elongation at break of at least 50%, preferably of at least 100%, particularly preferably of at least 200%.
  5. The electrically conductive yarn according to claim 4, characterized in that the elastic core thread exhibits an elongation at break of at least 300%, preferably of at least 400%, particularly preferably of at least 500%.
  6. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the elastic core thread is composed of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, polyester elastane, polyether elastane, modified polyester and/or post-cross-linked thermoplast.
  7. The electrically conductive yarn according to claim 6, characterized in that the elastic core thread is composed of polyester-polyurethane elastomer and/or polyether-polyurethane elastomer.
  8. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, after elastic elongation by at least 15% in the lengthwise direction, the yarn exhibits a maximum permanent elongation of 5% without loss of electrical conductivity.
  9. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, after elastic extension by at least 30% in the lengthwise direction, the yarn exhibits a maximum permanent elongation of 5% without loss of electrical conductivity.
  10. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a monofilament metal wire with a diameter between 0.01 and 0.1 mm, preferably between 0.02 and 0.06 mm, particularly preferably between 0.03 and 0.05 mm is used as the electrically conductive thread.
  11. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a metallic-coated synthetic fiber is used as the electrically conductive thread.
  12. The electrically conductive yarn according to claim 11, characterized in that monofilament silver-coated fibers are used as the electrically conductive thread.
  13. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a metallic multifilament yarn is used as the electrically conductive thread.
  14. The electrically conductive yarn according to claim 13, characterized in that a silver-coated multifilament yarn is used as the electrically conductive thread.
  15. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that stainless steel fibers are used as the electrically conductive thread.
  16. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the binding thread is wound around outside the core thread, said core thread being enwound with an electrically conductive thread.
  17. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the electrically conductive thread is wound around outside the core thread, said core thread being enwound with a binding thread.
  18. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, per meter of yarn, the electrically conductive thread is wrapped around the elastic core thread at least 1,000 times, preferably at least 2,000 times, particularly preferably at least 3,000 times.
  19. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that, per meter of yarn, the binding thread is wrapped around the elastic core thread at least 1,000 times, preferably at least 2,000 times, particularly preferably at least 3,000 times.
  20. The electrically conductive yarn according to at least one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the electrically conductive thread and the binding thread are wrapped around the elastic core thread in opposite directions.
  21. A method for manufacturing an electrically conductive yarn according to claims 1 to 20, comprising the steps
    a) mechanically drawing the elastic core thread on drawing equipment,
    b) passing the drawn core thread through a hollow spindle bearing the electrically conductive thread and rotating around its longitudinal axis, and
    c) passing the drawn core thread, already singly enwound with an electrically conductive thread, through a second hollow spindle bearing a binding thread and rotating around its longitudinal axis, this second hollow spindle rotating counter to the first hollow spindle.
  22. A fabric comprising at least one electrically conductive yarn according to claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21.
  23. Use of an electrically conductive yarn as defined in claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21 for transmitting electrical signals.
  24. The use according to claim 23, the electrical signals being analog and/or digital signals.
  25. Use of an electrically conductive yarn as defined in claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21 for supplying electrical or electronic units with electric current.
  26. Use of an electrically conductive yarn as defined in claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21 for generating heat by means of electric current.
  27. Use of an electrically conductive yarn as defined in claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21 for shielding electromagnetic fields.
  28. Use of an electrically conductive yarn as defined in claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21 for dissipating static charges.
  29. Use of an electrically conductive yarn as defined in claims 1 to 20 or an electrically conductive yarn manufactured according to claim 21 as a sensor material, preferably humidity sensor or strain sensor.
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DE2002142785 DE10242785A1 (en) 2002-09-14 2002-09-14 Electrically conductive yarn has a stretch core filament, with an electrically conductive and a bonding filament wound around it to restrict the core stretch
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