EP1533462B2 - Fire-resistant closure element and its manufacturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

Fire-protection sealing element comprises a casing enclosing a cavity, and insulation (7) introduced into the cavity for heat insulation and/or cooling of the casing in the event of a fire. The insulation has different designs along the height (h) and width (b) of the fire-protection sealing element so that it conforms with the different temperature requirements along the height and or width of the fire-protection sealing element. An independent claim is also included for the production of the above fire-protection sealing element. Preferred Features: The insulation is formed by several strips (11-13) of glass or mineral wool plates with different apparent densities and/or different amounts of coolant.

Description

The invention relates to a fire barrier element according to the preambles of the appended claims 1 and 5, as it from the DE 40 11 587 C2 , is known. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a fire barrier.

Fire barriers are generally defined in DIN 4102, Part 5 and in the corresponding European standards. "Fire protection closure element" is to be understood here to mean an independent part of such a fire protection closure, such as a door leaf or a frame or a frame rail of a fire protection door, a door leaf or a frame of a fire protection gate or a frame or a frame rail of fixed glazing or the like. DIN 4102 specifies the requirements for such fire protection closures. Fire barriers must be closed for a certain time, e.g. Withstand 30, 60 or 90 minutes of one-sided exposure to fire. Fire barriers in most countries require building inspectorate approval. To obtain this approval, fire tests, such as described in DIN 4102. For further details, reference is expressly made to the standards mentioned here.

A door construction for which the necessary verifications according to DIN 4102 have already been provided is described in DIN 18082, December 1991 edition. As part of this construction, DIN 18082 describes and shows a door leaf with a jacket enclosing a cavity and an insulation inserted in the cavity for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket in the event of a fire. This door leaf has a jacket made of sheet steel, here called door box. Two steel sheets are to be joined together to form a box-shaped door leaf (called door leaf) that is closed on all sides. The door panels enclose a cavity which is filled with an insulating material in the form of a mineral fiber plate in accordance with DIN 18089.

Insulating mats made of mineral fiber wool such as glass wool or rock wool are widely used as insulation materials for such fire-barrier elements. The mats are on the Market available. They are delivered to the door manufacturer in a manner tailored to the respective dimensions. The mineral fiber mats available on the market are also provided with a coolant; usually aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, or other materials that release moisture when the temperature rises. In particular, the evaporation of the moisture released contributes to the cooling of the fire protection closure element and thus helps to ensure that the maximum temperatures required by DIN 4102 on the side facing away from the fire are not exceeded and that other disadvantages arising from excessively high temperatures are avoided. Due to the manufacturing process, the mineral fiber mats have a homogeneous insulation density and coolant density. If a higher fire resistance is to be achieved, mineral fiber mats with a correspondingly higher material bulk density and / or correspondingly higher coolant density are selected, which are correspondingly more complex to manufacture and therefore more expensive.

From the DE 27 20 851 a fire door with an outer shell and insulation housed in a cavity is provided. The insulation consists of several sheets of bound granulite. The plates are arranged one above the other. A reason why the insulation is divided into several plates is not specified.

From the WO 99/58804 a method for producing a fire protection door and a fire protection door manufactured therewith is known. The problem is addressed that previously known fillings of such fire protection doors, in particular those based on glass fibers, are not flexible enough to achieve locally increased fire protection functions. As a solution, it is proposed to apply a silicate suspension with hardener and mineral wool material to one of the sheet metal shells of the fire protection door, whereupon the door is assembled. The silicate suspension is then allowed to harden. In order to achieve local adaptations with increased fire protection capability, the silicate suspension quantities are applied locally differently.

From the DE 296 13 507 U1 is a fire-retardant door with a sheet metal shell as a jacket and insulation based on mineral wool fibers. In order to effectively secure the position of the insulation insert on the sheet metal shell, it is proposed that the main orientation of the fiber not be carried out in the direction of the door plane, but in the direction of the thickness in individual surface areas. Such an orientation in the thickness direction provides increased stability of the mineral wool insert in the thickness direction and thus supports the door panels. It is stated that such inserts with fibers running transversely to the door plane are complicated and expensive to produce and less Have thermal resistance. Therefore, these inserts are only provided in some areas, while a mineral wool insert with fiber alignment in the door plane is provided in the remaining areas, in particular at the edge of the door leaf.

From the DE 35 10 935 1 a fire protection door with an insert based on mineral fibers is known. The insert is placed at a distance from the edge of the door leaf. The remaining gap between the edge of the door leaf and the insert is filled with carbonate rock granulate to form a fire protection zone. Insulation with increased fire protection effect is thus formed at the edge of the door leaf cavity. However, the granulate has to be filled in and the granulate has to be cured with a binder.

And from the aforementioned DE 40 11 587 A1 a fire protection closure element is known, in particular in the form of a fire protection door, in which two shells form a jacket which borders a cavity and is filled with an insulating filling made of plasterboard. An area with increased temperature resistance is provided on the left and right at the edge of the cavity and in the area of the upper and lower edges of the cavity and a gypsum board material with lower temperature resistance in a central area. It is stated that, due to the metal shells, increased heat conduction takes place at the edges of the cavity, which is countered with the areas of increased temperature resistance.

Thus from the DE 40 11 587 A1 a fire barrier element with the features of the preambles of independent claims 1 and 5 known.

The object of the invention is to provide a fire barrier element according to the preamble of appended claim 1, which is inexpensive and resource-friendly and environmentally friendly to manufacture without impairing the fire resistance or even with increased fire resistance. In addition, a method for its production is to be specified.

This object is achieved by a fire barrier element according to claim 1 and a method according to the independent claim 5.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention proposes an area-optimized insulation made of mineral or glass fiber materials. The invention is based on the finding that there is no uniform temperature stress in the event of a fire or in a fire test simulating it. According to general physical principles (heat rises), e.g. Upper regions of the fire protection closure element are generally subjected to a higher temperature than regions arranged below. According to the invention, the areas of the fire protection closure element are equipped depending on the temperature stress. As explained, this varies along the height. The greatest temperature load is usually observed in one or both upper corners of the fire protection closure element. Correspondingly, the fire protection closure element is equipped with different materials, namely with insulating or insulating materials that are designed differently over the height. Areas that are generally exposed to higher temperatures in fire tests are provided with correspondingly more elaborate insulation material, areas with a lower temperature exposure are correspondingly lower. As a result, considerable quantities of insulating material or coolant can be saved in mass production, without this affecting the fire resistance of the fire barrier element. You can also achieve a higher fire resistance with little additional effort. Since mineral wool is also considered a substance that is hazardous to health, the savings that can be achieved by means of the invention are also desirable for environmental and health policy reasons.

The different distribution of insulation or coolant or the other, in some areas, different insulation properties can be achieved in different ways. It would be conceivable to provide the insulation material with locally different properties during the manufacture of the same. According to the invention, however, the range is optimized more simply and with materials currently on the market by dividing the insert. The insulation can be tailored according to the idea of "tailored blanks". For example, depending on the location, pieces of insulation material, such as strips, are inserted, in which each individual piece is homogeneously manufactured as before. However, different pieces have different material properties. For example, in the upper area (in the intended use) of a door leaf or similar fire protection element, a first strip made of a first mineral or glass fiber mat designed for high fire resistance, in a central area adjacent to the first strip, a second strip made of one for medium fire resistance designed second mineral or glass fiber mat and in a (in the intended use) lower area, preferably free of play A third strip of a third glass or mineral fiber mat designed for low fire resistance can be arranged adjacent to the second strip.

The invention is particularly suitable for a door leaf which, as in DIN 18082, is constructed in a box-like manner, all other features of this DIN (with the exception of homogeneous insulation) also being able to be met but not necessarily so. But also for other fire protection elements, be it parts of fixed ends such as glazing frames, be it door or gate leaves or frames such as e.g. Frames, the invention is suitable.

The invention can in principle also be used with reversible doors which can be used with left or right hinges by rotating about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the door leaf plane by 180 °. In this case, the insulation materials on the two horizontally arranged edge areas are designed for greater fire resistance than the insulation materials in the middle area.

Fig. 1

eine Draufsicht auf einen Feuerabschluss in Form einer Metallblechkastentür;

Fig. 2

einen Schnitt durch die Tür entlang der Linie II-II von Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Draufsicht auf die in dem Türblatt der Tür in dessen Hohlraum untergebrachten Isolierung; und

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf ein weiteres Feuerschutzabschlusselement in Form eines Glasrahmentürblatts mit angedeuteten Grenzstellen zwischen Teilen einer inneren Isolierung mit unterschiedlichen Materialeigenschaften.

Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing. It shows:

Fig. 1

a plan view of a fire in the form of a sheet metal box door;

Fig. 2

a section through the door along the line II-II of Fig. 1 ;

Fig. 3

a plan view of the insulation housed in the door leaf of the door in the cavity; and

Fig. 4

a plan view of another fire protection closure element in the form of a glass frame door panel with indicated boundary points between parts of an inner insulation with different material properties.

In Fig. 1 A door 1 designed as a fire protection closure is shown with a frame 2 and a door leaf 3 held thereon so that it can pivot.

As from the in Fig. 2 Vertical section shown through the door 1, the door leaf 2 is made of a box plate 4 made of steel and a cover plate 5 placed thereon, also made of steel. The box plate 4 and the cover plate 5 completely enclose a cavity 6, which is filled with insulation 7. The insulation 7 alone is also in plan view Fig. 3 shown.

Like from the Fig. 2 and 3rd As can be seen, the insulation 7 - here along its height h - has three areas 8, 9 and 10 which are different with respect to the insulation and cooling properties. The area 8 arranged at the top in the intended use is designed for a higher temperature stress than the central area 9. And the central area 9 is designed for a higher temperature stress than the lower area 10. The areas 8, 9, 10 are here made of strips 11, 12, 13 formed from different glass or mineral fiber mats. The lower region 10 has the strip 13 with the lowest material density p; for example ρ ₁₃ = 290 kg / m ³ ± 20 kg / m ³ , and the smallest amount of aluminum or magnesium hydroxide. The central region 9 has the strip 12 with an average material density ρ; for example ρ ₁₂ = 340 kg / m ³ ± 20 kg / m ³ , and an average amount of aluminum or magnesium hydroxide. The upper region 10 has the strip 11 with the highest material density ρ; for example ρ ₁₁ = 390 kg / m ³ ± 20 kg / m ³ , and the highest amount of aluminum or magnesium hydroxide. More generally, bulk material density and / or amount of coolants, such as moisture-releasing materials in the event of fire, are a function of height h. They preferably increase with height h.

Instead of that in the example of 1 to 3 The insulation is divided into three parts, as shown in the example in Fig. 4 is shown. Fig. 4 shows only a fire protection closure element in the form of a glass frame door leaf 20 with a door leaf frame 21 and a fire protection pane 22 held therein. The door leaf frame 22 is made of metal and is filled with the insulation 7 in its interior. The insulation 7 is here divided into five different areas 23-27, one above the other, whose bulk density and / or amount of coolant increase from bottom to top.

In the manufacture of the door leaf 3 by Fig. 1 the procedure is as follows: firstly, the box plate 4 is made available as a first part of the casing surrounding the cavity 6, for example by appropriately shaping a sheet steel plate by cold working. The insulation 7 is inserted into the cavity of this box plate 4 which is formed by corresponding bends. For this purpose, the three strips 11, 12, 13 are made available by cutting from three different mineral wool mats, each with a different fire resistance quality, and are placed next to one another in the cavity 6. The box plate 4 is then closed by the previously cut and prepared cover plate 5; especially welded to it.

A fire protection closure element (3, 2; 20) has thus been described with a jacket (4, 5) enclosing a cavity (6) and an insulation (7) inserted in the cavity (6) for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket ( 4, 5) in case of fire. In order to be able to manufacture the fire barrier element (3, 2, 20) more economically and in an environmentally friendly manner without impairing the fire resistance, it is proposed that the insulation (7) adapt to the different temperature stresses seen across the height (h) of the fire barrier (1) Height (h) or width (b) of the fire protection closure (1) is different. In addition, an advantageous manufacturing method for such a fire barrier element (3, 2, 20) has been specified.

Reference symbol list:

1

door

2nd

frame

3rd

Door leaf

4th

Box panel

5

Cover plate

6

cavity

7

insulation

8th

upper area

9

middle area

10th

lower area

11

Stripes from a first mineral wool mat

12

Strips from a second mineral wool mat

13

Stripes from a third mineral wool mat

20th

Glass frame door leaf

21

Door leaf frame

22

Fire protection glass pane

23-27

Areas of differently designed insulation

H

height

b

width

d

thickness

Claims (5)

1. Fireproof closure element (3, 2; 20) having a casing (4, 5) enclosing a cavity (6) and an insulation (7) inserted in the cavity (6) for thermally insulating and/or cooling the casing (4, 5) in the event of a fire,
   the insulation (7) being constructed differently over the height (h) of the fireproof closure element (3, 2; 20), to adapt to the varying temperature stresses viewed over the height (h) of the fireproof closure element (3, 2; 20),
   characterized in that
   the insulation (7) is completely subdivided, in the direction of the width (b) of the fireproof closure element (3, 2, 20), into a plurality of pieces (11, 12, 13) of different glass or mineral fibre mats having different material properties from one another, which are arranged above one another in the cavity,
   the insulation (7) in an area (8) that is intended to be situated at the top during normal use is designed for a higher thermal insulation and/ or cooling effect than in a central area (9) and/or an area (10) that is intended to be situated at the bottom during normal use,
   the insulation (7) is formed from a plurality of strips (11, 12, 13) of glass or mineral wool sheets each having a different crude material density and/or having different amounts of cooling agents, the strips (11, 12, 13) being arranged one above the other in the cavity (6).
2. Fireproof closure element according to claim 1,
   characterized in that various pieces (11, 12, 13) have different material densities, so that the insulation (7) has a material density (ρ; ρ₁₁; ρ₁₂; ρ₁₃) that varies over the height (h) of the cavity (6).
3. Fireproof closure element according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that the various pieces contain differing amounts of cooling materials so that the insulation (7) comprises an amount of cooling materials that varies over its height, particularly of materials that release moisture when there is an increase in temperature.
4. Fireproof closure element according to one of the preceding claims,
   characterized in that it is a door panel (3, 20) for a fire door (1), preferably having a casing (4, 5) of sheet metal.
5. Process for producing a fireproof closure element (3, 2; 20) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:

   a) providing a first part (4) of the casing,

   b) inserting the insulation (7) in the first part (4) of the casing,

   c) enclosing the insulation (7) by attaching a second part (5) of the casing to the first part (4),

   characterized in that
   step (b) comprises:

   b1a) providing a plurality of different pieces of insulating mats (11, 12,13) based on glass or mineral fibres in the form of a plurality of strips (11, 12, 13) of glass and mineral fibre mats, each of which having a different crude material density and/or having different amounts of cooling agents;

   b2a) selecting and arranging the pieces of insulating mats (11, 12, 13) at the corresponding location, according to temperature stresses, wherein a piece of insulating mat (11) consisting of a mineral or glass fibre mat designed to have a high fire resistance is inserted in an upper region of the fireproof closure element (3, 2 20) and another piece of insulating mat (13) consisting of another mineral or glass fibre mat designed to have a low fire resistance is inserted in a lower region of the fireproof closure element (3, 2, 20), the pieces of insulating mats (11, 12, 13) being placed so as to abut on one another in the cavity.

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