DE10354221C5 - Fire end element and method of manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

Fire-protection sealing element comprises a casing enclosing a cavity, and insulation (7) introduced into the cavity for heat insulation and/or cooling of the casing in the event of a fire. The insulation has different designs along the height (h) and width (b) of the fire-protection sealing element so that it conforms with the different temperature requirements along the height and or width of the fire-protection sealing element. An independent claim is also included for the production of the above fire-protection sealing element. Preferred Features: The insulation is formed by several strips (11-13) of glass or mineral wool plates with different apparent densities and/or different amounts of coolant.

Description

The invention relates to a fire termination element according to the preambles of the appended claims 1 and 7, as it is known from DE 40 11 587 C2 , is known. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for producing such a fire termination.

Fire protection closures are generally defined in DIN 4102, Part 5 and in the corresponding European Standards. The term "fire protection closure element" is intended here to mean an independent part of such a fire protection closure, such as a door leaf or a frame or a frame spar of a fire door, a door leaf or a frame of a fire protection door or a frame or a frame spar fixed glazing or the like. DIN 4102 specifies the requirements for such fire protection closures. Fire barriers must be for a certain time, eg. B. 30, 60 or 90 min a one-sided fire exposure withstand. Fire protection closures need a construction supervisory approval in most states. To obtain this approval are fire tests, such. B. in DIN 4102 described perform. For more details, please refer to the standards mentioned here.

In DIN 18082, December 1991 edition, a door construction is described for which the necessary verifications according to DIN 4102 have already been provided. DIN 18082 describes and shows as part of this construction, a door leaf with a jacket enclosing a cavity and an inserted in the cavity insulation for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket in case of fire. This door leaf has a jacket formed of sheet steel, here called door box. Two steel sheets are joined together to form a closed box-shaped door leaf (called a door leaf). The door panels include a cavity, which is filled by an insulating material forming the insulation in the form of a mineral fiber board according to DIN 18089.

As insulating materials for such fire termination elements are widely used insulating panels of mineral fiber wool such as glass wool or rock wool used. The plates are available in the market. They are delivered to the door manufacturer in a tailor-made manner. The mineral fiber boards available on the market are also provided with a coolant; usually aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, or other materials that release moisture when the temperature rises. In particular, the evaporation of the moisture delivered contributes to the cooling of the fire protection element and thus helps to ensure that the maximum temperatures required by DIN 4102 on the side away from the fire are not exceeded and that other disadvantages due to excessive temperatures are avoided. Due to manufacturing reasons, the mineral fiber boards have a homogeneous insulation density and coolant density. If a higher fire resistance is to be achieved, mineral fiber boards are selected with a correspondingly higher material density and / or correspondingly higher coolant density, which are correspondingly more expensive to manufacture and therefore more expensive.

From the DE 27 20 851 a fire door is provided with an outer shell and an insulation housed in a cavity. The insulation consists of several plates of bound granulite. The plates are arranged one above the other. One reason why the insulation is divided into several disks is not stated.

From the WO 99/58804 For example, there is known a method of making a fire door and a fire door made therewith. The problem is addressed that previously known fillings such fire doors, especially those based on glass fibers, are not flexible enough to achieve locally enhanced fire protection functions. As a solution it is proposed to apply a silicate suspension with hardener and then mineral wool material to a sheet metal shells of the fire door, whereupon the door is assembled. Subsequently, the silicate suspension is allowed to harden. In order to achieve local adaptations with increased fire protection capacity, there is a locally different application of the silicate suspension quantities.

From the DE 296 13 507 U1 is a fire-retardant door with a sheet metal shell as a coat and an insulation based on mineral wool fibers known. In order to effectively secure the position of the insulating material insert on the sheet metal shell, it is proposed not to carry out the main alignment of the fiber in individual surface areas in the direction of the door plane, as is usual, but in the thickness direction. Such an orientation in the thickness direction provides increased stability of the mineral wool insert in the thickness direction and thus supports the door panels. It is stated that such inserts with fibers running transversely to the door plane are complicated and expensive to manufacture and have a lower thermal resistance. Therefore, these deposits are provided only partially, while at the remaining areas, in particular at the edge of the door leaf a mineral wool insert with fiber orientation in door level are provided.

From the DE 35 10 935 1 is a fire door with a deposit based on mineral fibers known. The insert is by far arranged to the edge of the door leaf. The remaining gap between the edge of the door leaf and the insert is filled with carbonate rock granules to form a fire protection zone. Thus, an insulation with enhanced fire protection effect is formed on the edge of the door leaf cavity. However, for this purpose, the granules must be filled in and further you have to harden the granules with binder.

And from the aforementioned DE 40 11 587 A1 is a fire protection closure element, in particular in the form of a fire door known in which two shells form a cavity surrounding a shell, which is filled by an insulating filling of plasterboard. In each case a region with increased temperature resistance is provided on the left and right at the edge of the cavity and in the region of the upper and lower edges of the cavity, and in a central region a gypsum board material with a lower temperature resistance. It is stated that an increased heat conduction takes place at the edges of the cavity because of the metal shells, which is counteracted by the regions of increased temperature resistance.

Thus, from the DE 40 11 587 A1 a fire termination element with the features of the preamble of independent claims 1 and 7 known.

The object of the invention is to provide a fire termination element according to the preamble of the appended claim 1, which is less expensive and resource and environmentally friendly without affecting the fire resistance or even with increased fire resistance in the production. In addition, a method for its production is to be specified.

This object is achieved by a fire termination element according to any one of claims 1 and 7 and a method according to the dependent claims 8 and 9.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The invention proposes an area-optimized insulation, preferably of mineral or glass fiber materials. The invention is based on the finding that in case of fire and in this simulated fire test no uniform temperature stress prevails. According to general physical fire termination element generally applied to a higher temperature than lower levels arranged areas. According to the invention, the areas of the fire protection closure element are equipped depending on the temperature stress. This is different as explained along the height. As a rule, the greatest temperature load is observed in one or both upper corners of the fire protection closing element. Accordingly, the fire protection element is equipped with different materials, namely seen over the height differently formed insulating or insulating materials. Areas that are generally exposed to higher temperatures in the fire test are provided with correspondingly more elaborate insulating material, areas with lower temperature load with correspondingly lower. As a result, you can save in mass production considerable amounts of insulation or coolant, without affecting the fire resistance of the fire termination element. Also you can achieve a higher fire resistance with only a little extra effort. Since mineral wool is also considered a hazardous substance, the achievable by the invention a saving of the same is also desirable for environmental and health policy reasons.

The different distribution of insulating material or coolant or the other partially different insulating properties can be achieved in various ways. It would be conceivable to provide the insulating material with locally different properties during the production thereof. However, according to one embodiment, the invention according to one embodiment can be realized more simply and with materials which are currently on the market by virtue of the fact that the range optimization takes place by means of a denomination of the insert. The insulation can be tailored to the idea of tailored blanks. For example, depending on the location insulation board pieces, such as strips inserted. Each individual piece is indeed homogenously produced as before. Different pieces, however, have mutually different material properties. For example, in the (designated use) upper portion of a door panel or the like fire protection element, a first strip of high fire resistance first mineral or glass fiber mat, in a central area adjacent to the first strip, a second average fire resistance strip designed second mineral or glass fiber mat and in a (intended use) lower area, preferably free of play adjacent to the second strip, a third strip of a designed for low fire resistance third glass or mineral fiber mat are arranged.

The invention is particularly suitable for a door leaf, which is constructed as box-like as in DIN 18082, although all other features of this DIN (with the exception of the homogeneous insulation) can be met but need not be met. But also for other fire termination elements, be it parts of fixed terminations such as Glazing frame, be it door or gate leaf or frame such. As frames, the invention is suitable.

In principle, the invention can also be used with turning doors, which can be used with rotation about an axis of rotation perpendicular to the door leaf plane of 180 °, either left or right-hinged. In this case, the insulating materials on the two horizontally arranged edge regions are designed for a higher fire resistance than the insulation materials in the middle area.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

1 a plan view of a fire in the form of a sheet metal box door;

2 a section through the door along the line II-II of 1 ;

3 a plan view of the housed in the door leaf of the door in the cavity insulation;

4 a plan view of another fire protection closure element in the form of a glass frame door leaf with indicated boundary points between parts of an inner insulation with different material properties;

5 a top view of a Isoliermattenbahn for the production of insulation for further embodiments of fire protection end elements with schematically qualitatively indicated curve for a across the width of the web varying density of insulating or cooling materials; and

6 to 8th more curves comparable to in 5 for further possible density distributions.

In 1 is designed as a fire protection door 1 with a frame 2 and a door leaf pivotally supported thereon 3 shown.

As from the in 2 illustrated vertical section through the door 1 seen, is the door leaf 2 from a box sheet 4 made of steel and a cover plate placed on top 5 , also made of steel. The box sheet 4 and the cover sheet 5 completely enclose a cavity 6 that with an insulation 7 is filled. The insulation 7 alone is in plan view also in 3 shown.

Like from the 2 and 3 can be seen, the insulation 7 - here along its height h - three different areas with respect to the insulation and cooling properties 8th . 9 and 10 on. The area arranged in the intended use above 8th is designed for a higher temperature load than the middle range 9 , And the middle area 9 is designed for a higher temperature load than the lower range 10 , The areas 8th . 9 . 10 are here from stripes 11 . 12 . 13 made of different glass or mineral fiber mats. The lower area 10 has the strip 13 with the lowest material density ρ; for example, ρ ₁₃ = 290 kg / m ³ ± 20 kg / m ³ , and the least amount of aluminum or magnesium hydroxide. The middle area 9 has the strip 12 with a mean material density ρ; for example ρ ₁₂ = 340 kg / m ³ ± 20 kg / m ³ , and an average amount of aluminum or magnesium hydroxide. The upper area 10 has the strip 11 with the highest material density ρ; for example ρ ₁₁ = 390 kg / m ³ ± 20 kg / m ³ , and the highest amount of aluminum or magnesium hydroxide. More generally, material bulk density and / or amount of coolants, such as moisture releasing materials in the event of fire, are a function of height h or, alternatively or additionally, in a non-illustrated embodiment of width b. Preferably, they increase with the height h.

Instead of the example of the 1 to 3 This can also be divided into several areas, as shown in the example in FIG 4 is shown. 4 shows only a fire protection closure element in the form of a glass frame door leaf 20 with a door leaf frame 21 and a fire screen held therein 22 , The door leaf frame 22 is made of metal and in its interior with the insulation 7 filled. The insulation 7 here is in five superimposed different areas 23 - 27 split, the material bulk density and / or amount of coolant rise from bottom to top.

Instead of the previously described preparation of the insulation 7 from different in itself homogeneous Dämmmaterialplatten or mats, the insulation could also be made directly in one piece with each other over the height h changing material property. This is in 5 indicated. There is a train 30 Insulating material shown. About the width x of this web 30 decreases the material bulk density ρ and / or the density of coolant. This could be done by appropriately over the width of the manufacturing device modified addition of the corresponding materials in the production. By example 5 takes the density ρ in a curved curve 31 with increasing width x. In a fire protection closure element would then correspond to a tailored piece 32 . 33 or 34 the train 30 Arrange so that the end 35 with the highest density ρ in the case of fire at the highest temperature-loaded end of the fire protection end element - so usually top - comes to rest. Further examples of density distribution curves are given in FIGS 6 to 8th played. Basically, gradual or gradual, ie stepless changes are conceivable; In a fire test, it would also be possible first to record a temperature-altitude curve or temperature-width curve on the fire protection element and then to distribute the insulation or cooling materials accordingly.

In the manufacture of the door leaf 3 from 1 The procedure is as follows: First, as a first part of the cavity 6 enclosing coat the box sheet 4 available, for example, by forming a steel sheet by cold deformation accordingly. In the formed by corresponding bends cavity of this box plate 4 will the insulation 7 inserted. For this purpose, by blanks from three different mineral wool mats, each with different fire resistance quality, the three strips 11 . 12 . 13 provided and in abutment next to each other in the cavity 6 placed. The box sheet 4 is then through the previously tailored and prepared cover plate 5 locked; especially welded to it.

Alternatively, the train 30 on the size of the cavity 6 tailored and the appropriate piece 32 with the most condensed end 35 up into the box sheet 4 placed, then through the cover plate 5 is closed.

It is thus a fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) has been described with a cavity ( 6 ) enclosing coat ( 4 . 5 ) and one in the cavity ( 6 ) inserted insulation ( 7 ) for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket ( 4 . 5 ) in case of fire. To the fire end element ( 3 . 2 . 20 ) without being able to reduce the fire resistance in a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner, it is proposed that the insulation ( 7 ) for adaptation to the height (h) or width (b) of the fire protection closure ( 1 ) seen different temperature stress on the height (h) or width (b) of the fire protection closure ( 1 Seen differently formed. In addition, an advantageous manufacturing method for such a fire termination element ( 3 . 2 . 20 ).

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

door

2

frame

3

door leaf

4

box sheet

5

cover sheet

6

cavity

7

insulation

8th

upper area

9

middle area

10

lower area

11

Strip of a first mineral wool mat

12

Strip of a second mineral wool mat

13

Strip of a third mineral wool mat

20

Glass frame door leaf

21

Door Frame

22

Fire protection glass

23-27

Areas of differently designed insulation

30

Path made of insulating material

31

Curve of the material density ρ over the width x of the web 30

32

Blank for a door leaf

33

another blank for a door leaf

34

Blank for use in a spar of a door leaf or door frame

35

End or edge area of 30 . 32 - 24 with the highest density

H

height

b

width

d

thickness

x

Width of the track 30 (corresponds to the intended use of the blanks 32 - 34 the height h)

Claims (8)

Fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) with a cavity ( 6 ) enclosing coat ( 4 . 5 ) and one in the cavity ( 6 ) inserted insulation ( 7 ) for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket ( 4 . 5 ) in case of fire, the insulation ( 7 ) for adaptation to along the height (h) of the fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) seen different temperature stress along the height (h) of the fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) is formed differently, characterized in that the insulation ( 7 ) completely in a plurality of superimposed in the cavity strips ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) is divided into different glass or mineral fiber mats with mutually different material properties. Fire protection closure element according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation ( 7 ) in an area to be arranged in the intended use ( 8th ) is designed for a higher thermal insulation effect and / or cooling effect than in a middle region ( 9 ) and / or an area to be arranged below in the intended use ( 10 ). Fire protection element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the different strips ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) have different material densities, so that the insulation ( 7 ) one over the height (h) of the cavity ( 6 ) has varying material density (ρ; ρ ₁₁ ; ρ ₁₂ ; ρ ₁₃ ). Fire protection closure element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the different strips have different proportions of cooling materials, so that the insulation ( 7 ) has a varying over the amount of cooling materials, in particular of temperature increase in moisture-releasing materials. Fire protection closure element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a door leaf ( 3 . 20 ) for a fire door ( 1 ), preferably with a jacket ( 4 . 5 ) made of sheet metal. Fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) with a cavity ( 6 ) enclosing coat ( 4 . 5 ) and one in the cavity ( 6 ) inserted insulation ( 7 ) for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket ( 4 . 5 ) in case of fire, the insulation ( 7 ) for adaptation to along the height (h) of the fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) seen different temperature stress along the height (h) of the fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) is formed differently characterized in that the raw material density and / or the proportion of coolant of the insulation ( 7 ) in the cavity ( 6 ) gradually increases from the bottom up when properly arranged. Method for producing a fire protection closing element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: a) providing a first part ( 4 ) of the jacket, b) insertion of the insulation ( 7 ) in the first part ( 4 ) of the jacket, c) enclosing the insulation ( 7 ) by connecting a second part ( 5 ) of the jacket with the first part ( 4 characterized in that step b) comprises: b1a) providing a plurality of different insulating mat strips ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) based on glass or mineral fibers; b2a) Selection and arrangement of insulating mat strips ( 11 . 12 . 13 ) depending on the temperature stress at the corresponding location, wherein in an upper region of the fire protection closing element ( 3 . 2 . 20 ) an insulating mat strip ( 11 ) from a designed for a high fire resistance mineral or glass fiber mat and in a lower portion of the fire protection end element another insulation mat strip ( 13 ) is inserted from a further mineral or glass fiber mat designed for low fire resistance. Method for producing a fire protection closing element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ), which has a cavity ( 6 ) enclosing coat ( 4 . 5 ) and one in the cavity ( 6 ) inserted insulation ( 7 ) for thermal insulation and / or cooling of the jacket ( 4 . 5 ) in case of fire, the insulation ( 7 ) for adaptation to along the height (h) or width (b) of the fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) seen different temperature stress along the height (h) and width (b) of the fire protection element ( 3 . 2 ; 20 ) is formed differently, with the steps: a) providing a first part ( 4 ) of the jacket, b) insertion of the insulation ( 7 ) in the first part ( 4 ) of the jacket, c) enclosing the insulation ( 7 ) by connecting a second part ( 5 ) of the jacket with the first part ( 4 characterized in that step b) comprises: b1b) providing an insulating material web ( 30 ) with a consistency varying over its length (L) or width (x) and designed for different temperature loads; b2b) inserting the insulating material web ( 30 ) or a blank ( 32 . 33 . 34 ) from the same in an adapted to the temperature stress in case of fire alignment.

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