EP1532015A1 - Procede et dispositif pour detecter l'etat d'occupation d'un siege - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour detecter l'etat d'occupation d'un siege

Info

Publication number
EP1532015A1
EP1532015A1 EP03722193A EP03722193A EP1532015A1 EP 1532015 A1 EP1532015 A1 EP 1532015A1 EP 03722193 A EP03722193 A EP 03722193A EP 03722193 A EP03722193 A EP 03722193A EP 1532015 A1 EP1532015 A1 EP 1532015A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seat
occupancy
shape model
image
evaluation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03722193A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Dieter Bothe
Hoang Trinh
Heiko Freienstein
Thomas Engelberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1532015A1 publication Critical patent/EP1532015A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01512—Passenger detection systems
    • B60R21/0153—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors
    • B60R21/01538—Passenger detection systems using field detection presence sensors for image processing, e.g. cameras or sensor arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
    • B60N2/002—Seats provided with an occupancy detection means mounted therein or thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/015—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including means for detecting the presence or position of passengers, passenger seats or child seats, and the related safety parameters therefor, e.g. speed or timing of airbag inflation in relation to occupant position or seat belt use
    • B60R21/01556—Child-seat detection systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting the occupancy state of a seat, in particular in a vehicle and for use in the occupancy-dependent control of restraint means associated with the seat, in which a 3D image of the seat is acquired by means of an image acquisition system and with regard to the occupancy state, if applicable. also the type of occupancy is evaluated, as well as an arrangement for performing the method.
  • Restraint devices which can be controlled irreversibly, in particular pyrotechnically ignitable restraint devices, such as airbags or belt tensioners, have meanwhile become standard in vehicles.
  • these restraint devices are triggered in order to protect the person from dangerous injuries.
  • triggering should not take place if the seat is not occupied.
  • triggering should not take place if there is an object in the seat rather than a person.
  • triggering should be avoided if the item is a baby carrier.
  • it is desirable to be able to trigger triggering processes which are adapted to the person's stature.
  • -Learning or training phase is necessary because empirically determined training data must be made available for each type of condition to be recorded, especially if a distinction is to be made between objects and people, and this training data must first be determined and then also entered.
  • a classification is then carried out on the basis of this training data and the data obtained by means of the image and corresponding algorithms, ' first according to the state of occupancy and then according to the type of occupancy.
  • This approach has serious flaws. For example, occupancy types that are in the training data were not provided, nor are they recorded, which can lead to serious misinterpretations, i.e. incorrect classifications. Furthermore, changing lighting situations, as they often occur in daily traffic, can also lead to incorrect classifications.
  • Sitting parameters that have not been trained in the training phase can also lead to incorrect classifications.
  • a new initialization must be carried out, whereby the corresponding training data are not available for all commercially available seats.
  • the known procedure based on the determination of a 3D image is not only extremely complex, but also unreliable to a large extent.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the known procedure described above in such a way that, with less effort, greater security can be achieved in the detection of the occupancy state and, if appropriate, also the occupancy type.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to see that a 3D shape model of the seat can be created as a reference for an unoccupied seat, whereby for most seats such 3D shape models are already available from the factory or from the supplier, for example because the seat is by means of CAD technology has been developed, for example in the form of a so-called wireframe model.
  • the 3D image determined during operation by the image acquisition system can be With regard to the 3D shape model, now evaluate 'at least serious and / or specific deviations. A complex training phase for the evaluation is not necessary.
  • partial areas of the seat such as the seat surface, backrest, headrest and also sections thereof, such as the upper section of the backrest and lower section of the backrest, can be evaluated with regard to the conformity of the 3D image with the 3D shape model, so that in the event of detection of a Occupancy of the seat also certain classifications with regard to the type of the object causing the occupancy, and indeed iteratively, can be carried out.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of an arrangement for
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of seats in a vehicle
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically the various
  • FIG. 4 shows an arrangement in which separate image acquisition systems are provided for front and rear seats
  • FIG. 5 shows the possibility of arranging a single one
  • Image acquisition system for both front and .
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the basic appearance of a
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows the basic structure of the hierarchical evaluation option in the present invention
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a simple one that can be used for seats
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a flow chart for detecting the
  • FIG. 10 schematically shows a flow diagram of a further development in which the occupancy status is determined separately for certain partial areas.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a seat 1 with a seat 2, backrest 3 and headrest 4 in a vehicle 5, namely a passenger seat.
  • a baby carrier 6 as the object occupying this front passenger seat 1.
  • a pyrotechnically ignitable airbag 8 opposite the front passenger seat 1 as an example of a restraint means.
  • the airbag 8 is assigned a release unit 9, which can be controlled by a control unit 10 for triggering or non-triggering, possibly for a predetermined type of triggering.
  • control unit 10 receives a series of input signals 11, at least one of which is a signal which indicates whether the vehicle 5 is subjected to an acceleration corresponding to a dangerous impact with an obstacle ...
  • control unit 10 also receives one Occupancy state of the front passenger seat 1 descriptive input signal 12.
  • This occupancy status input signal 12 is generated by an evaluation circuit 13 in the given case, the control unit 10 being able to control the triggering unit 9 only when the occupancy status input signal 12 is present. I.e. If the front passenger seat 1 is not occupied, the airbag 8 is prevented from being deployed.
  • the evaluation circuit 13 carries out the evaluation on the one hand based on a 3D shape model of the front passenger seat 1, the corresponding 3D shape model data 14 being stored in an internal but also external memory (not shown in detail) which may be internal and, on the other hand, from 3D image data 15, which are determined by an image acquisition system 16.
  • the image capturing system 16 is installed in the vehicle headlining 17 and is able to capture the passenger seat 1 completely, which is symbolized by a capturing cone 18 shown in dashed lines.
  • the image capture system 16 expediently has two video cameras 19 and 20, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to be able to capture a 3D image in a simple manner and to be able to generate corresponding data 15 therefrom. 2 further shows that by means of the image acquisition system 16 not
  • Coordinate system is possible.
  • stereo camera systems, multi-camera systems are suitable
  • the evaluation circuit 13 can supply further signals, namely occupancy type input signals 22, to the control unit 10 if the evaluation circuit 13 is designed in a corresponding manner, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • the invention is basically applicable to all restraint means associated with a seat, for actuating the occupancy state of the seat and possibly also the type the occupancy of the seat is used, e.g. B. pyrotechnically ignitable belt tensioner, electromotively controlled belt tensioner, side airbag, knee airbag, head airbag, adjustment mechanisms to bring the parts of the seat (seat, backrest, headrest) into a favorable situation for the expected impact, etc.
  • the invention is also basically applicable to the control of restraint devices for the driver's seat 21.
  • the invention not only can be used to generate the occupancy state input signal 12 indicating an occupancy state for the control unit 10 in a favorable manner, but also at least one input signal 22 which defines and discriminates in terms of the occupancy type.
  • the occupancy status input signal 12 it is only detected whether the seat 1 is occupied, which may also include an object such as the baby carrier 6.
  • the airbag 8 should not be deployed, in particular in the case of objects such as baby carriers 6, it is advisable to discriminate when a seat 1 is occupied as to whether the seat 1 is occupied by a person or an object. This discrimination can be done in a manner known per se using conventional signals in the context of
  • Input signals 11 take place. As will be explained in more detail below, this discrimination can also take place with the aid of the invention and the generation of the at least one occupancy type input signal 22.
  • a one-time status can be faulty, so that it is extremely useful to verify an evaluation result that has been determined once with a time interval, especially since a change in the occupancy status and a change in the occupancy type during a journey is rare, and possibly. is carried out at considerable time intervals, while the determination of the 3D image data (“scanning ! i ) is repeated with significantly shorter time intervals.
  • the evaluation circuit 13 expediently carries out a temporal filtering of successively obtained evaluation results, for example by forming a moving average or a median value or the like.
  • the signals 12 and 22 can be designed to be very robust, ie very reliable in terms of their interpretation content.
  • FIG. 3 shows, in a representation similar to FIG. 1, the extent to which the various partial areas of the seat 1, seat surface 2, backrest 3, headrest 4, can be adjustable relative to one another or against one another and can be adjustable relative to the vehicle 5.
  • the 3D image will correspond to the actual position of the different partial areas 2, 3, 4 of the seat 1, specifically (for example) in the coordinate directions x, y and z.
  • the 3D image data 15 can be evaluated to discriminate the deviation of the actual position of the different partial areas from a desired position.
  • a misinterpretation is the existence of an occupancy status or even a non- Avoidance of occupancy status avoided.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically that the invention can also be used with rear seats 23.
  • a separate image acquisition system 24 is provided for the rear seats 23.
  • a common image acquisition system 25 can be provided for both front passenger seat 1 in the front area of vehicle 5 and rear seats 23.
  • the invention can also be used in vehicles 5 which have more than 2 rows of seats and / or in which more than two seats are arranged next to one another. I.e. , The invention is applicable wherever, depending on the occupancy of a seat and, if applicable, the type of occupancy of the seat, facilities associated with the seat to be triggered, to be triggered in a certain way and / or to be prevented from triggering.
  • the image capturing systems 16, "- 24 and / or 26 can also be provided at other points in the vehicle 5, for example the vehicle console, the A, B and / or C pillar, etc. What is essential is that which is as uncovered or uncoverable as possible Acquisition of the 3D image data 15 of a seat 1, 21, 23 under consideration.
  • FIG. 6 shows, in a 3-dimensional coordinate system, a so-called wire mesh model 30 for a seat having a seat surface 36 and a backrest 37
  • Seat recess 31 with bulges 32 and the bulges 34 with lateral boundaries 34 and the less pronounced upper bulge 35 are clearly recognizable.
  • the area of the seat surface 36 and the area of the seat back 37 of the wire mesh model 30 of a seat well separable from each other and thus are also discriminated.
  • Such a wire frame model 30 of a seat is already produced by the manufacturer during development using CAD in currently customary manufacturing processes, so that the corresponding data can be supplied with the delivery of the seat to a vehicle manufacturer, so that SD shape model data 14 (FIG. 1 ) do not have to be generated separately.
  • this also applies to retrofitted special models of seats, insofar as they are manufactured in a certain series by the respective manufacturer.
  • the 3D image of a seat is captured by means of a video image capturing system
  • the corresponding 3D image data 15 are available in a different format than the 3D shape model data 14, for example if it starts out have been generated by a wire frame model 30. It is then necessary to carry out a format transformation such that the evaluation circuit 13 can use data of the same data format for the evaluation.
  • the 3D shape model data 14 itself in an initialization step, namely by capturing this seat 1 with the image acquisition system 16 of the vehicle 5 with a seat 1 guaranteed to be unoccupied, and possibly the data determined here Are subjected to abstraction, and these are then stored as the 3D shape model data 14 in a memory for the evaluation circuit 13, ie be rubbed in.
  • Such an acquisition or scanning is expediently carried out under defined environmental conditions, that is to say before delivery of the vehicle 5. If a seat is newly installed, this initialization may have to be carried out again.
  • the zero-order shape model 42 contains a plurality of first-order shape models 44, which as a whole have a specific positional relationship 43 with respect to the zero-order shape model 42.
  • the first-order shape models 44 in turn have a predetermined positional relationship 45 to one another.
  • the shape models , first Order 44 again includes several second-order shape models 46, which in their entirety have a predefined positional relationship 49 to the first-order shape model 44 and which in turn have a predefined positional relationship 47 with one another.
  • the second-order shape model 46 can in turn, as indicated, have third-order shape models 48, etc.
  • a highly hierarchical structure is possible here.
  • the shape model 51 of the seat again represented by a circle, has a predefined positional relationship 50 to the vehicle 5.
  • the shape model of the backrest as a shape model of the first order and the shape model 55 of the seat, also as a shape model of the first order, on the one hand have a predetermined positional relationship 54 to one another.
  • the shape model 53 of the backrest has a specific positional relationship 52 to the shape model 51, the shape model 55 of the seat surface also having a specific positional relationship 56 to the shape model 51 of the entire seat.
  • This hierarchical structure allows the evaluation to be terminated depending on the result of the evaluation with respect to a lower-order shape model when the method according to the invention is used, for example if it has been determined that the seat is not occupied, or for further evaluations to be carried out with regard to shape models of a higher order Order, possibly selected ones thereof, are carried out, for example to determine whether the occupancy is determined by an object or a person when the seat is found to be occupied, etc.
  • the evaluation circuit 13 receives SD form model data 14 from a memory, for example data corresponding to the wire frame model 30, and 3D image data 15, for example from an image acquisition system 16 determined data, or also 3D image data determined by any other vehicle-side measuring system, which are able to reproduce the current state.
  • these data 14 and 15 are generally not in the same data format.
  • a step S1 a hierarchical adaptation of the 3D shape model data 14 and the 3D image data 15 takes place.
  • this criterion 26 specifies the type and scope of the necessary transformation and also abstraction.
  • the transformation then takes place in a step S12, specifically a transformation of the 3D shape model data into the format of the 3D image data in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the 3D image data can also be transformed into the format of the 3D shape model data, or both the SD shape model data and the 3D image data can be transformed into a third data format.
  • the extent of a necessary or meaningful abstraction of the data for the purpose of evaluation can also be determined.
  • the determination is made as to whether there are deviations between the 3D shape model 1 data and the 3D image data and, if appropriate, to what extent or to what extent.
  • step S3 The determination of whether the. detected deviations exceed a predetermined threshold 27 or not. If the 'established deviations below the threshold 27, then this is interpreted to mean that the corresponding seat 1 is empty, that is not assigned (step S3). If the deviation determined in step S2 exceeds the threshold 27, this is interpreted to mean that the seat is occupied (step S4).
  • the output signal 12 of the Evaluation circuit 13 reproduces one or the other state.
  • the definition of the threshold 27 is necessary because, due to measurement inaccuracies and conversion inaccuracies during the transformation, deviations can be ascertained, although there are in fact none.
  • the threshold 27 can also be set such that the placement of small objects on the seat is not recorded as occupancy of the seat, such as the placement of magazines or items of clothing.
  • the threshold 27 is expediently determined such that an occupancy state is assumed when larger objects are deposited. The value of the relevant threshold 27 for
  • Front seats and rear seats can be quite different
  • Step S5 simulates further method steps which are provided for generating signals 22 which characterize the type of occupancy, in the sense of a hierarchical application of the basic idea of the present invention. This will be explained schematically using the flow diagram according to FIG. 10.
  • step S6 in the event that the occupancy of the seat has been determined in step S4, a selection is first made with regard to the subareas to be considered (seat surface, backrest, headrest). or also sub-areas thereof, e.g. B. lower section and upper section of the backrest, corresponding to step S61.
  • step S63 the deviation determined for the subarea or the subarea with a corresponding threshold is compared and, in the given case, it is determined in accordance with step S64 or in accordance with step S65 whether the partial area of the seat or the subarea of the partial area of the seat can be regarded as occupied or as not occupied or empty. This can be done step by step or in parallel for different sub-areas and sub-areas of sub-areas. In order to take up the example of the baby carrier 6 according to FIG. 1, it is first determined using the procedure according to the flow diagram according to FIG. 9 whether the seat 1 is occupied at all.
  • seat surface 2, backrest 3, headrest 4 are first examined with regard to occupancy, it being established, for example with the baby carrier 6, that the seat surface 6 is to be regarded as occupied and that the headrest 4 is to be regarded as empty, it being assumed that the backrest 3 can also be regarded as occupied due to a threshold being exceeded.
  • z. B. discriminate against the presence of a child seat.
  • Such statements can be used to classify the object in the seat.
  • step S61 ⁇ separation or segmentation can also object-based, that is, based imaging in a known manner in a step S7 to calculate object characteristics in a step S71, and corresponding classification are used in a step S72.
  • object-based that is, based imaging in a known manner in a step S7 to calculate object characteristics in a step S71, and corresponding classification are used in a step S72.
  • This allows the volume of an object, the area occupied by an object and the like to be calculated in a manner known per se, that is to say criteria which enable classification in a conventional manner, this classification being the reaction, i. H. , which enables suitable generation of control signals in the control unit 10 for the triggering unit 9.
  • the invention initially allows the occupancy status to be determined in a simple manner and, based on the same basic idea, also the assessment or classification of the type of occupancy of a seat.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de détecter l'état d'occupation d'un siège (1), notamment dans un véhicule (5) et qui s'utilise dans la commande d'éléments de retenue (8) associés au siège (1), qui dépend de l'état d'occupation. Selon ce procédé, une représentation en 3D (15) du siège (19 est détectée à l'aide d'un système de détection d'images (16) et le type d'occupation du siège est éventuellement également évalué, en termes d'état d'occupation. L'invention concerne en outre un système permettant de mettre ledit procédé en oeuvre. Pour l'évaluation, il est prévu, selon l'invention, d'utiliser un modèle de façonnage en 3D (14), à disposition à l'extérieur ou pouvant être produit à l'intérieur, dans une étape d'initialisation. Une évaluation de structure hiérarchique permet également, après détermination d'un état d'occupation, d'effectuer une classification de chaque type d'occupation.
EP03722193A 2002-08-21 2003-02-24 Procede et dispositif pour detecter l'etat d'occupation d'un siege Withdrawn EP1532015A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10238222A DE10238222A1 (de) 2002-08-21 2002-08-21 Verfahren und Anordnung zur Erfassung des Belegungszustandes eines Sitzes
DE10238222 2002-08-21
PCT/DE2003/000566 WO2004020242A1 (fr) 2002-08-21 2003-02-24 Procede et dispositif pour detecter l'etat d'occupation d'un siege

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1532015A1 true EP1532015A1 (fr) 2005-05-25

Family

ID=31197163

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03722193A Withdrawn EP1532015A1 (fr) 2002-08-21 2003-02-24 Procede et dispositif pour detecter l'etat d'occupation d'un siege

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7492923B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1532015A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100443329C (fr)
DE (1) DE10238222A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004020242A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060161321A1 (en) 2006-07-20
DE10238222A1 (de) 2004-03-04
US7492923B2 (en) 2009-02-17
CN1675086A (zh) 2005-09-28
WO2004020242A1 (fr) 2004-03-11
CN100443329C (zh) 2008-12-17

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