EP1530819A1 - Einrichtung und verfahren zum schalten von strömen in einer statorwicklung einer generator-elektromotor-kombination - Google Patents
Einrichtung und verfahren zum schalten von strömen in einer statorwicklung einer generator-elektromotor-kombinationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1530819A1 EP1530819A1 EP03793676A EP03793676A EP1530819A1 EP 1530819 A1 EP1530819 A1 EP 1530819A1 EP 03793676 A EP03793676 A EP 03793676A EP 03793676 A EP03793676 A EP 03793676A EP 1530819 A1 EP1530819 A1 EP 1530819A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- capacitor
- winding
- stator winding
- decoupling element
- voltage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for switching currents in a stator winding of a generator-electric motor combination.
- the generator-electric motor combination has a housing in which a rotor and a stator of both the generator and the electric motor are arranged, which have a hollow cylindrical generator rotor attached to an input shaft and a hollow cylindrical motor attached to an output shaft -Rotor, wherein the rotors are axially adjacent to one another and have permanent magnets of alternating polarity distributed on the inside in the circumferential direction, and the one hollow cylindrical stator arranged within the hollow cylindrical rotors with at least one winding, which depends on the position of the permanent magnets of the two Rotors are connected to each other.
- stator winding is short-circuited or switched to high impedance by alternately switching power semiconductors of a half-bridge of the known device, which act as switching elements, depending on the pole position of the electric motor.
- a disadvantage of the known device is that when the current in the stator winding is switched off, the energy stored in the inductance is inevitably lost. It is also disadvantageous that the switching elements are endangered by the extremely high voltage peaks that occur when switching off.
- a disadvantage of this circuit is that the time constant of the energy store for charging and discharging depends on the size of the capacitor for a given inductance. On the one hand there is a need for a large capacity to reduce the peak voltage and on the other hand the capacity should be small in order to switch steep pulses due to a low time constant.
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem of creating a device for switching currents in a stator winding of a generator-electric motor combination and of providing an associated method by means of which steep rising and falling edges are stored while temporarily storing the electrical energy from the inductance can be switched.
- At least one switchable decoupling element is arranged between the winding and the capacitor, the decoupling element being conductive in a non-working cycle when the device or winding is switched off, so that voltage peaks are limited by the capacitor and the energy stored in the inductance is charged to the charge current Capacitor can be buffered and the temporarily stored energy can be fed back into the stator winding as a working current in the working cycle, the decoupling element being activated during the regeneration in such a way that the capacitor voltage does not drop below a specified voltage value.
- the idea on which this invention is based is not to completely discharge and recharge the capacitor with every work cycle, but to keep its voltage as constant and high as possible depending on the load point during operation of the machine.
- the decoupling element is only switched on according to one of certain functions. For example, this can be a certain period of time.
- the minimum charging voltage of the capacitor is determined, for example, and the time constant RC is used to calculate how long the discharge may take so that the capacitor voltage does not drop below the specified voltage value.
- Another option is there in measuring the capacitor voltage and generating a control signal for the decoupling element from this measurement signal.
- the decoupling element is designed as a switch with a freewheeling diode connected in parallel.
- the switch is only closed briefly to discharge the capacitor.
- a charging current can flow through the freewheeling diode in the event of voltage peaks by switching off the stator winding, so that the decoupling element is quasi self-controlling when charging.
- the specified voltage value for the capacitor is preferably to be kept greater than / equal to the voltage at the decoupling element in the non-operating cycle in order to avoid charging in this operating state. Due to the pole position of the two rotors in the non-working cycle, the induced voltages add up there and represent the largest possible voltage value at the decoupling element outside the switching phases, so that an unwanted charging of the capacitor is avoided in every operating state (working cycle or non-working cycle).
- At least one switching element with a freewheeling diode connected in parallel is preferably assigned to each end of the winding, so that the current direction in the winding can be switched depending on the desired direction of rotation.
- the switching elements are designed as transistors, these preferably being designed as iGBTs.
- the stator winding comprises a plurality of mutually independent stator windings which are formed with a common capacitor.
- the pulsating moment can be made more uniform, and because of working on a common capacitor, this can be made smaller or the voltage surge on the capacitor can be reduced. since the windings acting as partial motors are not in the same operating or Switching state, so that the energy can be switched directly from one sub-motor to another sub-motor directly via decoupling elements without charging or discharging the capacitor.
- Fig. 3 shows a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1 with several sub-motors and
- Fig. 4 shows a circuit arrangement according to Fig. 2 with several sub-motors.
- the circuit arrangement comprises a stator winding 1 with an inductance L, at the end of which a switching element T1 or T2 with a freewheeling diode D1 or D2 connected in parallel is arranged.
- the stator winding 1 is connected to a capacitor C via a decoupling element 2 connected as a center tap.
- the decoupling element 2 comprises a switching element T3 with a freewheeling diode D3 connected in parallel.
- the stator winding 1 is ideally short-circuited or switched to high impedance, the direction of rotation of the combination being changeable via the current direction in the stator winding 1.
- the switching element T1 is permanently blocked in this operating mode, whereas the switching element T2 is opened and closed in a pulsed manner, the change in current being only trapezoidal due to the inductance L.
- the two diodes D1 and D2 are reversed and prevent further current flow.
- This large dl S ⁇ / dt causes a large U s ⁇ across the stator winding 1. If U S ⁇ / 2 is greater than the voltage U c across the capacitor C, the freewheeling diode D3 of the decoupling element 2 conducts.
- the capacitor C in turn limits the rate of change the voltage on the coil, since the voltage on the capacitor C cannot change suddenly due to energetic reasons.
- the voltage peaks are damped due to the current change at the inductor L and the energy stored in the inductor L flows in the form of a charging current via the freewheeling diode D3 into the capacitor C and charges it.
- Due to the center tap the inductance is shared. Since the two partial coils L1, L2 each have only half of the turns of the stator winding, the inductance of a partial coil L1, L2 is only L / 4 of the stator winding, so that the
- Capacitor C buffered. If the voltage U S ⁇ / 2 at L2 drops below that
- Discharge current is fed in according to the sign.
- Capacitor C is not completely discharged, but only up to a voltage U c > U S ⁇ / 2 in the non-working cycle.
- the basic idea here is that the capacitor voltage U c im
- the freewheeling diode D3 thus ensures that no energy flow to the capacitor C takes place during operation, which would increase the reactive power of the machine. In the non-work cycle it is through the
- the control of the switching element T3 can be designed differently. It is thus possible to measure the capacitor voltage U c and to open the switching element T3 accordingly when a defined voltage value is reached. On the other hand, a time can also be determined on the basis of the RC time constant for which the switching element is closed, the time being determined in such a way that the capacitor voltage U c is sufficiently high in every operating case.
- the further advantage is that the circuit arrangement works in a self-regulating manner. If, for example, more energy is temporarily stored in the capacitor C when the stator winding is switched off than can be fed back into the operating cycle in the next switching operation, the capacitor voltage U c increases . However, an increase in U c automatically leads to a larger l c the next time it is fed in, ie the capacitor C feeds back more energy when U c increases. Self-destruction of the capacitor C is thus counteracted.
- FIG. 2 An alternative circuit arrangement is shown in FIG. 2, in which the stator winding 1 is arranged in a bridge circuit. Instead of the one decoupling element 2, two decoupling elements are each arranged at the ends of the stator winding 1. In principle, the same applies here as has already been carried out for the circuit according to FIG. 1, but here U c greater than / equal to the full phase voltage U S ⁇ should be selected.
- the mode of operation of the circuit is that, depending on the desired direction of rotation, the switching element T1 or T2 is permanently open in the working cycle, whereas the other switching element T2 or T1 is switched in pulse form. In contrast, all switching elements are open in the non-working cycle. When switching off, the capacitor C is charged via the diagonal freewheeling diode D3 or D4.
- the switching element T2 If, for example, the switching element T2 is clocked, the current flows via the freewheeling diode D3 when T2 is switched off. To discharge the capacitor C, the switching element T3 is then closed briefly.
- the advantage of the bridge circuit compared to the center tap is in particular that coupling losses between the two coil halves are avoided, as they occur with the center tap according to FIG. 1.
- 3 shows a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 1 for five sub-motors 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, that is to say five independent windings on the stator, which are preferably wound onto the stator at an equidistant distance from one another. As can be seen from FIG. 3, all sub-motors 11-15 can work on a common capacitor C, which would not be possible, for example, in DE 198 53 516 A1.
- Another advantage is that not all sub-motors 11-15 are in the same operating state. By moving the permanent magnets past the different windings of the sub-motors 11-15, for example, a sub-motor is in the transition from the work cycle to the non-work cycle, the other sub-motors still being in the work cycle. This means that part of the energy stored in the inductance can be fed directly as working current into the sub-motors that are still in the working cycle, without temporarily storing them in the capacitor. On the one hand, this allows the capacitor C to be dimensioned smaller and the voltage swing across the capacitor C is reduced.
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2 for five sub-motors 11-15, which can also work on a common capacitor C, so that reference can be made to the embodiment of FIG. 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10237451 | 2002-08-16 | ||
| DE10237451A DE10237451A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2002-08-16 | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Schalten von Strömen in einer Statorwicklung einer Generator-Elektromotor-Kombination |
| PCT/EP2003/008585 WO2004023632A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-08-02 | Einrichtung und verfahren zum schalten von strömen in einer statorwicklung einer generator-elektromotor-kombination |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1530819A1 true EP1530819A1 (de) | 2005-05-18 |
Family
ID=31968971
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03793676A Withdrawn EP1530819A1 (de) | 2002-08-16 | 2003-08-02 | Einrichtung und verfahren zum schalten von strömen in einer statorwicklung einer generator-elektromotor-kombination |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7230396B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1530819A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2005536178A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10237451A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004023632A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10354604B4 (de) * | 2003-11-21 | 2016-10-13 | Gesellschaft für Aufladetechnik und Spindelbau mbH | Stufenlos schaltbares, magnetodynamisches Getriebe |
| DE102007005449A1 (de) | 2007-02-03 | 2008-08-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Schalten von Strömen in einer Statorwicklung |
| DE102007018734A1 (de) | 2007-04-20 | 2008-10-23 | Volkswagen Ag | Elektrische Maschine zum Antreiben zweier Achshälften mit unterschiedlichen variablen Momenten |
| DE102007018735A1 (de) | 2007-04-20 | 2008-11-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Hochdrehzahl Generator-Elektromotor-Einheit |
| KR101527049B1 (ko) * | 2013-12-26 | 2015-06-16 | 건국대학교 산학협력단 | 전류 제어 회로 구조 |
| US9559574B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2017-01-31 | Apparent Energy, Inc. | Electric motor |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5111378A (en) * | 1989-08-11 | 1992-05-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | DC chopper converter |
| EP0590223B1 (de) | 1992-09-30 | 1995-12-27 | STMicroelectronics S.r.l. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Energierückgewinnung bei der Ansteuerung induktiver Lasten |
| DE4408719C1 (de) | 1994-03-15 | 1995-07-06 | Volkswagen Ag | Generator-Motor-Kombination |
| US5689164A (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 1997-11-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyoda Jidoshokki Seisakusho | Resonant power electronic control of switched reluctance motor |
| US5659452A (en) * | 1996-04-17 | 1997-08-19 | Dana Corporation | Method of drive protection for a switched reluctance electric motor |
| JPH11103594A (ja) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-04-13 | Meidensha Corp | スイッチドリラクタンスモータの駆動回路 |
| DE19853516A1 (de) * | 1998-11-20 | 2000-05-25 | Volkswagen Ag | Einrichtung zum Schalten von Strömen in einer Statorwicklung einer Generator-Elektromotor-Kombination |
| GB9914402D0 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 1999-08-18 | Univ Warwick | Electrial machines |
| US7123821B1 (en) * | 2005-09-15 | 2006-10-17 | Michael Pete Hayden | DC motor |
-
2002
- 2002-08-16 DE DE10237451A patent/DE10237451A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-08-02 JP JP2004533309A patent/JP2005536178A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-02 WO PCT/EP2003/008585 patent/WO2004023632A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-02 EP EP03793676A patent/EP1530819A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-02-15 US US11/058,481 patent/US7230396B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004023632A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004023632A1 (de) | 2004-03-18 |
| JP2005536178A (ja) | 2005-11-24 |
| DE10237451A1 (de) | 2004-05-19 |
| US7230396B1 (en) | 2007-06-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20050316 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWAN Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Owner name: VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: RAUCH, OLIVER Inventor name: BILLMANN, MARKUS Inventor name: MARTIN, SVEN Inventor name: SCHULZE, BERND-GUIDO |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: VOLKSWAGEN AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Owner name: FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FOERDERUNG DER ANGEWAN |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20110301 |