EP1528344B1 - Wall and/or roof construction, wall module and fixing device therefore - Google Patents

Abstract

Wall and roof structure, especially for a heat treatment furnace where the wall structure (1) includes an individual wall module (2) and a fixing device for at least one part of the module, which includes a holding device, which includes two holding or fixing devices in the carrier structure of the heat treatment unit, which holds module (2) at the carrier structure, where the first and second holding devices have corresponding supports. Independent claims are included for: (a) a module with a first layer and a second layer carrying an insulating layer; and (b) a fixing device as referred to above.

Description

The invention relates to a wall and / or ceiling structure for a heat treatment system and a wall module and a fastening device for the wall structure.

From the DE 37 14 753 A1 a cassette-shaped lining for industrial furnaces is known. This refractory lining consists of a prefabricated furnace frame with attached workshop-made cassettes filled with refractory layers. According to one embodiment, anchors are attached to a continuous support plate on the furnace interior facing surface, which lock a one- or multi-part refractory layer, wherein on the other surface of the support plate brackets are mounted by means of which the cassettes are attached to the furnace frame. Due to this configuration, the cassettes with simple means, such as a hoisting crane can be quickly and safely attached to the furnace frame. Also, the transport of cassettes on the site can be done easily. The cassettes are prefabricated in lengths of 2 - 3 m or above in a workshop. In this embodiment, it is disadvantageous that the construction is complicated and expensive and despite the cassette construction There is still a considerable amount of time to complete the installation.

From the DE 37 00 126 C1 is a thermal insulation element known. The thermal insulation element consists of a content Erten on a support member heat-resistant fiber mat component. The thermal insulation element consists of several once u-shaped folded fiber mats, which are attached to a plurality of superimposed at its open end by means of interposed barbed bands on a single plate of expanded metal. Furthermore, fastening means are available to easily mount the thermal insulation element to a wall and dismantle from a wall can. The thermal insulation element is to be arranged via a screw connection to the wall of a furnace or the like, wherein the head of the screw is inserted in a rail and along which the thermal insulation element on the wall is displaceable. This has the disadvantage that for assembly and disassembly, the insulating elements may need to be moved over the entire length of the furnace chamber. Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that in the case of quick assembly systems for fiber elements, as in the case of fiber elements, there is generally an environmental protection problem with regard to the removal of fibers. These fibers are known to be respirable and harmful to health. Furthermore, by burning away the fibers located in the furnace can be contaminated.

From the DE 23 46 687 A1 is a refractory lining known to be hung in the refractory elements.

Furthermore, thermal insulation elements are known, which consist of fiber material and are screwed with corresponding retaining clips to a furnace chamber inside.

The object of the invention is to provide a wall and / or ceiling structure for a heat treatment plant, compared to masonry or monolithic linings reduces assembly times, is quickly available and is particularly easy to assemble.

The object is achieved with a wall and / or ceiling structure for a heat treatment plant with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are characterized in the subclaims.

Another object is to provide a wall module for wall and / or ceiling construction.

The object is achieved with a wall module with the features of claim 6. Advantageous developments are characterized in the dependent claims.

Another object is to provide a fastening device for the wall and / or ceiling construction.

The object is achieved with a fastening device having the features of claim 17. Advantageous developments are characterized in the dependent claims.
The wall and / or ceiling structure according to the invention is in particular formed in multiple layers with an oven interior side refractory brick and adjoining thermal barrier coatings, said thermal barrier coatings between a support structure of the furnace and the firebox side refractory brick layer are limited. The wall and / or ceiling structure is formed from individual wall modules, wherein a fastening device for the modules is present. At least part of the modules have first holding means which hold the module together and cooperate with second holding means arranged on a support structure of the heat treatment equipment. The modules are about the first and second holding device attached to the support structure latching. By virtue of the latchable connection between first and second holding device according to the invention, the modules can be fastened in a particularly simple manner by "clipping on" the module to the carrying structure. In this case, modules can be used which are of similar construction.
However, it is also possible to use two or more different forms of modules, wherein a part of the modules are designed as holding modules that hold two or more similarly shaped or differently shaped filling modules on the wall, so that with a reduced installation effort on the supporting structure, the modules or ., The wall construction is maintained.

In the invention it is advantageous that the assembly times and thus also the downtime compared to masonry or monolithic linings are reduced by up to 70%. Furthermore, the modules can be used universally in all heat treatment systems up to 1,200 ° C, especially in the chemical and petrochemical industries, steel and iron production and heavy clay ceramics. In addition, advantageously the advantage of the ceramic fiber modules (assembly time) and the conventional lightweight construction (no health risks from free fibers) are interconnected. In addition, no consoles are required to cushion the lining.

The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to a drawing with several figures.

Figur 1

eine schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbaus in einer Draufsicht aus dem Ofeninnenraum;

.Figur 2

einen Aufbau nach Figur 1 in einem Schnitt über die Höhe des Wandaufbaus;

Figur 3

einen Wandaufbau nach Figur 1 in einem Längsschnitt über die Länge des Wandaufbaus;

Figur 4

die erfindungsgemäße Befestigung eines Moduls nach Figur 2;

Figur 5

eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung mit identisch ausgebildeten Modulen;

Figur 6

einen Schnitt durch den Wandaufbau nach Figur 5 über die Wandhöhe;

Figur 7

einen Schnitt durch den Wandaufbau nach Figur 5, entlang der Längserstreckung der Wand;

Figur 8

eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbaus;

Figur 9

einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbau nach Figur 8 über die Wandungshöhe;

Figur 10

einen Schnitt durch den erfindungsgemäßen Wandungsaufbau nach Figur 8 über die Wandlänge;

Figur 11

eine erste Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Moduls zum Ausbilden eines Wandaufbaus nach Figur 1 in einer ersten Schnittansicht, insbesondere über die Länge eines Ofens;

Figur 12

ein Modul nach Figur 11 in einer zweiten Schnittansicht;

Figur 13

ein Modul nach Figur 11 in einer Draufsicht auf die dem Ofenraum abgewandte Seite mit einer Halteplatte;

Figur 14

eine weitere Ausführungsform eines Moduls in einer seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 15

ein Modul nach Figur 14 in einer um 90° gedrehten seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 16

ein Modul nach Figur 14 in einer Ansicht auf die ofenraumabgewandte Modulseite;

Figur 17

ein Modul für einen Wandaufbau nach Figur 8 in einer seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 18

ein Modul nach Figur 17 in einer um 90° gedrehten seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 19

das Modul nach Figur 17 in einer Ansicht auf die ofenraumabgewandte Rückseite;

Figur 20

eine Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Halteankers;

Figur 21

eine schematische Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemäße Halteplatte;

Figur 22

einen Querschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Halteplatte nach Figur 21;

Figur 23

eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Halteplatte;

Figur 24

einen Querschnitt durch die Halteplatte nach Figur 23;

Figur 25

eine Draufsicht auf eine Rasteinrichtung der Halteplatte nach Figur 23;

Figur 26

die erfindungsgemäße Haltevorrichtung in zusammengebautem Zustand in einer Ansicht von einer Ofenwandungsseite;

Figur 27

die Haltevorrichtung nach Figur 26 in einer seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 28

die Haltevorrichtung nach Figur 26 in einer gegenüber Figur 27 um 90° gedrehten Ansicht;

Figur 29

eine erfindungsgemäße Befestigungseinrichtung in einer seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 30

die Einrichtung nach Figur 29 in einer um 90°gedrehten seitlichen Ansicht;

Figur 31

eine Draufsicht auf die Einrichtung nach Figur 29;

Figur 32

eine stark schematisierte Explosionsansicht eines Teils des erfindungsgemäßen Wandaufbaus.

It show here:

FIG. 1

a schematic representation of a wall structure according to the invention in a plan view of the furnace interior;

Figure 2

a construction after FIG. 1 in a section above the height of the wall structure;

FIG. 3

a wall construction after FIG. 1 in a longitudinal section over the length of the wall structure;

FIG. 4

the attachment of a module according to the invention FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 5

a plan view of a further embodiment of the invention with identically formed modules;

FIG. 6

a section through the wall structure after FIG. 5 over the wall height;

FIG. 7

a section through the wall structure after FIG. 5 along the longitudinal extent of the wall;

FIG. 8

a plan view of another embodiment of the wall structure according to the invention;

FIG. 9

a section through the wall structure according to the invention after FIG. 8 over the wall height;

FIG. 10

a section through the wall structure according to the invention after FIG. 8 over the wall length;

FIG. 11

a first embodiment of a module according to the invention for forming a wall structure according to FIG. 1 in a first sectional view, in particular over the length of a furnace;

FIG. 12

a module after FIG. 11 in a second sectional view;

FIG. 13

a module after FIG. 11 in a plan view of the furnace chamber facing away from the side with a holding plate;

FIG. 14

a further embodiment of a module in a side view;

FIG. 15

a module after FIG. 14 in a 90 ° rotated lateral view;

FIG. 16

a module after FIG. 14 in a view of the kiln facing away from the module side;

FIG. 17

a module for a wall construction after FIG. 8 in a side view;

FIG. 18

a module after FIG. 17 in a 90 ° rotated lateral view;

FIG. 19

the module after FIG. 17 in a view of the back facing away from the oven;

FIG. 20

an embodiment of a retaining anchor according to the invention;

FIG. 21

a schematic plan view of a holding plate according to the invention;

FIG. 22

a cross section through a holding plate according to the invention FIG. 21 ;

FIG. 23

a plan view of another embodiment of a holding plate according to the invention;

FIG. 24

a cross section through the holding plate after FIG. 23 ;

FIG. 25

a plan view of a locking device of the holding plate after FIG. 23 ;

FIG. 26

the holding device according to the invention in the assembled state in a view from a furnace wall side;

FIG. 27

the holding device after FIG. 26 in a side view;

FIG. 28

the holding device after FIG. 26 in one opposite FIG. 27 rotated by 90 ° view;

FIG. 29

a fastening device according to the invention in a side view;

FIG. 30

the device after FIG. 29 in a 90 ° rotated lateral view;

FIG. 31

a plan view of the device according to FIG. 29 ;

FIG. 32

a highly schematic exploded view of a portion of the wall structure according to the invention.

The wall structure 1 according to the invention comprises a plurality of wall modules 2 with fixing devices 3 on a supporting structure 4 of a furnace or other heat treatment units to be ordered. The wall modules 2 ( FIGS. 11 to 18 ) are preferably of multilayer construction and have an oven-interior-side or hot-side first layer 5 and at least one adjoining oven-side-facing second layer 6.

The first layer 5 is preferably a layer of a rigid material and in particular a stone layer of an at least heat-resistant material. The heat-resistant material or its chemical-mineralogical composition, its temperature resistance and the thickness of the layer 5 are arbitrary and depend on the requirements such as temperature, furnace atmosphere, etc. More preferably, the first layer consists of a so-called light Feuerlichtstein or refractory brick. Lightweight lightweight material is a heat resistant material with a relatively porous and therefore lightweight construction. However, with increased requirements for temperature resistance, a refractory stone material can be used.

The second layer 6 is preferably an insulating layer. The insulating layer is formed of a thermally insulating material. For example, the insulating layer is formed from conventional in kiln or Feuerungsbau calcium silicate boards or microporous insulation boards. Following the second layer 6, a further insulating layer 7 and possibly further layers can be arranged. The insulating layer 7 and the other layers may also be formed as calcium silicate plates or porous or microporous insulation boards. In particular, the porosity of the layers may increase from the layer 6 to subsequent layers 7 in order to increase the insulating performance. In addition, the layer 7 and possibly further layers as a fiber mat or fiberboard, in particular from a nonwoven fabric and / or a stiff solid fiberboard material.

The wall modules 2 have in plan view a quadrangular in particular square or rectangular cross section. Other cross-sections which allow a possible non-coiling arrangement to each other are also possible, e.g. triangular, hexagonal or octagonal cross-sectional shapes.

In the simplest case, a wall module 2 thus has a front wall 5a, a first side wall 5b and a second side wall 5c and a rear wall 5d of the first layer 5; a front wall 6a, a first side wall 6b and a second side wall 6c and a rear wall 6d of the second layer 6 and optionally a front wall 7a, a first side wall 7b, a second side wall 7c and a rear wall 7d of the third layer 7. Are further layers provided , Their arrangement corresponds to the aforementioned layers.

The layers 5, 6 and 7 and, if appropriate, further layers may be formed in alignment with one another, successive to one another, so that the wall module 2 has a cubic or cuboidal shape.

In a further advantageous embodiment ( FIGS. 5 to 7 ) align the layers 5, 6, 7 with first side walls 5b, 6b, 7b, wherein the layers have a stepped offset such that the second side walls 5c, 6c, 7c are arranged offset to one another. In the arrangement of these wall modules 2 to each other thus resulting over the wall thickness straight joints 9 and stepped joints 10th In a plurality of layers, it is also possible two layers to align and form only one layer with an offset ( FIGS. 14 to 16 ).

In a further advantageous embodiment ( FIGS. 8 to 10 ; 17 to 19 ), the layers have a staircase-like offset such that the offset extends diagonally across a corner of adjacent side walls.

In this embodiment, therefore, all joints 9, 10 extend in the same way in stages. The wall modules 2 thus interlock in the wall construction according to the invention, wherein in this embodiment the joint length and thus also the gas path are lengthened over the depth of the wall structure. Furthermore, the support structure 4 is still protected against light even with slight shifts of the modules against each other.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the wall structure 1 according to the invention, two different wall modules 2, 12 are present. The modules 2 are in this case designed as holding modules 2 and the modules 12 as filling modules, which are arranged alternately in the overall structure. The holding modules 2 are in a cross section, for example along a furnace longitudinal axis ( FIG. 3 ) are formed so that they widen from the layer 7 to the layer 5 in stages. Here, the layer 5 may include an additional stage 13. In a cross-section transverse to the above-described section, the modules 2 each have a step-shaped offset extending from layer to layer or in the layer 5 with, for example, 3 steps ( FIG. 2 ).

The filling modules 12, which are arranged alternately with the modules 2, have a shape corresponding to the modules 2, which allows a form-fitting arrangement of the filling modules 12 and the modules 2. In a cross section after FIG. 3 A module 12 thus tapers in stages in the way how the modules 2 widen. In a cross section perpendicular thereto, the modules 12 have the same cross section as the modules 2. In the filling modules 12, the individual layers 5, 6, 7 are held together in a suitable manner, in particular the layers are glued together or stuck together with corresponding elements.

The step-shaped offset can also have an inclined course surface 14 (FIG. FIGS. 11, 12 ; 17, 18 ), which - especially in the area of the layer 5 - avoids sharp, sensitive step edges. Furthermore, the steps or offsets can also be irregular ( Figure. 11, 12 ) be formed.

The modules 2 are arranged with the fastening device 3 on the support structure 4.

The fastening device 3 is designed in several parts and comprises at least one holding device 15, a holding plate 16 and a fastening device 17.

The holding device 15 serves to hold the modules 2 to a holding plate 16 and the arrangement of the layers 5, 6, 7 to each other. For this purpose, the holding device 15 has an anchor part 18 and a shaft part 19. The anchor part 18 is formed, for example, with two or more arms 21 extending away from a center point 20. At the midpoint 20, the shaft part 19 is also arranged. The shaft part 19 is rod-shaped. It has at its free end 22 a screw thread 23. The arms can extend vertically relative to the shank part 19 or include an acute angle with the shank part 19.

As an alternative to an embodiment with arms 18, instead of the arms 18, the shaft part 19 itself can be used as a spiral or corrugated rod 8 may be formed (not shown). The holding device 15 is made of ceramic or a heat-resistant metal, eg stainless steel and in particular steels of the qualities Inconel, 1.4828, 1.4841 and / or 1.4845.

The holding plate 16 ( FIG. 21, 22 ) is a flat, flat component. The holding plate 16 is formed, in particular, as a sheet-metal stamping made of steel, for example St37 or V4A (1.4301 or the like) or also of a heat-resistant metal, such as the above-mentioned heat-resistant steels. The plate 16 may have a four- or polygonal eg octagonal basic shape or base. Adjacent to the trough 25, there is at least one receiving opening 24 in the holding plate 16, wherein the number of receiving openings 24 depends essentially on the number of holding devices 15.

The trough 25 is bounded laterally by a stepped wall 26 or a shoulder 26, wherein the trough 25 forms a flat trough bottom 27. The trough 25 has any basic shape. It is preferably designed so that the wall 26 extends in accordance with the basic shape of the plate 16, for example, octagonal. In the trough bottom 27, at least one first locking device 28 is present. The first latching device 28 is, for example, a latching opening 28. The latching opening 28 is of rectangular design, with the latching opening 28 extending laterally from the well bottom 27 and laterally delimiting a peripheral flange 29 in the direction of the recess 25. The flange 29 protrudes at narrow side edges 30 of the latching opening 28, for example approximately at right angles to the trough bottom 27. At longitudinal side edges 31 of the latching opening 28, the flange 29 closes with the trough bottom 27, the latching opening 28 narrowing away from the trough bottom 27 an obtuse angle 32 a. The angle 32 is for example about 120 °.

The flange 29 may protrude both at the narrow side edges 30 and at the longitudinal units 31 but also at a different angle. This ultimately depends on the molding process. For example, the flange 29 at the narrow side edges 30 also narrow the detent opening and include an obtuse angle with the trough bottom 27, for example, also 120 °.

The fastening device 17 (FIG. Fig. 29 to 31 ) is designed for fastening cooperation with the holding plate 16. The fastening device 17 comprises a latching device 35 corresponding to the first latching device 28. The fastening device 17 has a planar base plate 34 which is approximately rectangular in shape. On the longitudinal side 36 of the base plate 35 spring tabs 37 are integrally connected. The spring tabs 37 have an approximately s-shaped profile in cross section, wherein they extend from the longitudinal side 36 with a first arc 38 converging to each other and after a straight line forming a sloping Federlaschenwandung 39, with a bow 40 a Hintergreifvorsprung 41st extending outwardly away from one another. The height H of the spring tabs 37 from the base plate 35 to below the Hintergreifvorsprung 41 substantially corresponds to the height of the flange 29. The spring tabs 37 close to the base plate 35 at an angle which is about 120 ° or slightly larger, in particular slightly larger than the angle 32 of the flange 29th

The central plate 35 preferably has a fastening opening 42, through which a screw or rivet bolt 43 can be inserted and possibly secured with a nut 44, in order to fasten the fastening device 17 to a support structure 4. The opening 42 may be located centrally in a dome-shaped elevation 45.

In a further advantageous embodiment ( FIGS. 23 to 25 ), at least one first latching device 50 are provided in the trough bottom 27, wherein the latching device 50 consists of two mutually facing in the trough bottom plane facing each other cut-free locking tabs 51. The locking tabs 51 are connected along a longitudinal edge 52 on the trough bottom. The latching tabs 51 may taper towards a free longitudinal edge 53 and thus be formed as a trapezoid. The free longitudinal edges 53 define a latching gap 54 between them. A corresponding second latching device (not shown) for cooperating with the latching device 50 is a latching projection (not shown) arranged on the fastening device 14 or the support structure 4, for example in the form of a latching plate. Such a detent plate has a thickness which is greater than the detent gap 54 and has approximately the length of the detent gap 54. The detent plate may parallel to the latch tab edges 53 extending grooves or grooves for secure attachment of the locking tabs 51 and in particular an engagement thereof in the detent plate have. The detent plate may also taper to a free end to be more easily plugged into the gap 54.

Of course, it is possible to provide any Verrastungsart example with resilient latching hooks, which engage behind an opening edge on the plate 16 and corresponding to the fastening device 17.

In particular, in each case the opening 28 may also be formed round, wherein the flange 29 is formed as a circumferential conical collar. In each case the device 35 is accordingly also formed as a radially encircling flange (not shown) with individual resilient flange segments, which are separated by slots and otherwise in Cross section correspond to the spring tabs 37. Such an embodiment is also possible with a four- or polygonal opening 28, wherein the flange is also formed as a circumferential, conical collar. The device 35 is accordingly designed as a circumferential flange with individual resilient flange segments, which are separated from one another by slots arranged in particular in the corners and otherwise correspond to the spring tabs 37 in cross-section.

The wall modules 2 and the fastening device work together as follows ( FIG. 32 ).

The anchor part 16 of the holding device 15 is mounted in the layer 5. The anchor member 15 may be poured into the layer 5, cemented or plugged or inserted for this purpose.

In a preferred embodiment of the anchor member 18 with the extending arms 21, the layer 5 is centrally divided with a butt joint 5e (FIG. Fig. 11 ) are designed ( FIG. 32 ) that the arms 21 are inserted into corresponding holes 5e in the layer halves or opposite Schichthälftenwandungen 5g. For the shaft part 19, a semicircular groove 5f extending from the layer 5 and passing through the rear wall 5d is provided in each of the layer half walls 5g of the layer or stone halves. The shaft part 19 passes through the further layers 6 and 7 and protrudes so far beyond the rear wall 7d of the last layer that the free end 22 of the shaft part 19 can be inserted into the receiving opening 24 in the retaining plate 16 and fastened on the back. The attachment may be accomplished by screwing a nut onto the thread 23 or by other suitable means such as welding, latching, etc. The holding plate 16 is in the assembled state - except for the Trough 25 - as full as possible and preferably with pressing on the rear wall 7d of the last layer. The layers 5, 6, 7 and the holding device 15 and the holding plate 16 form a wall module 2.

In order to arrange such a wall module 2 on a support structure 4, first the fastening means 17 are arranged at the corresponding predetermined location on the support structure 4, for example by screwing and riveting or welding a bolt through the opening 42. Also a locking connection analogous to the locking connection between the plate 16 and the fastening device 17 is possible between the support structure 4 and the fastening device 17. If filling modules 12 are provided between the wall modules 2, the distance between the fastening devices is approximately doubled.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the fastening device 17 is designed as a rail or rail grid (not shown), wherein the locking means such. the locking tabs are formed or formed at the predetermined distances on the rail.

For mounting, the latching opening 28 is placed on the spring tabs 37, wherein the Hintergreifvorsprünge 41 are supported on the oblique walls of the flange 29. By pressing on the module 2, the projections 41 slide along the flanges 29, being pushed inwards. When the rear engagement projections 41 pass over the free end edges of the flange 29, they spring out or snap outwards so that the projections 41 engage behind the flange 29. As a result, the module 2 is firmly locked to the fastening device 17 on the support structure. A next wall module 2 is placed next to the first wall module 2 such that a positive connection, especially between the stages of the layers is achieved. If, in addition, filling modules 12 are laid, they are held by the corresponding, positive-locking step shape on the support structure by the wall modules 2, without they themselves being locked to the support structure.

In the region of the holding plate 16, an air gap, possibly filled with appropriate materials, is formed between the wall modules 2 and the supporting structure, e.g. filled in with poured material or poured out.

Between the wall modules 2 and / or 2 and 12, expansion felts (not shown) or other joint filling materials designed for the corresponding fire resistance can be arranged.

Preferably, the latches or the tolerances between the spring tab lengths and the lengths of the detent openings can be selected so that a low mobility exists to optimally adapt the wall structure to each other.

The latching devices 28 and 35 are exchangeable in such a way that the second latching device 35 can also be arranged on the retaining plate 16 and the first latching device 28 on the fastening device 17.

If a module 2 is penetrated only by an anchor part 18, the receiving opening 24 is preferably provided centrally on the plate 16, possibly in a trough elevation, and one or more locking devices (28, 50) in this or separate troughs 25 remote from the central center intended.

In the case of the wall construction according to the invention, it is advantageous that the assembly times are reduced by up to 70% compared with masonry or monolithic linings. This considerably shortens downtimes and thus increases the production of the plant operator. By standardizing the elements into unified elements 2 or two element shapes 2 and 12, the elements are quickly available and thus logistics costs are significantly reduced. Nevertheless, a layer variation and thus a variation of the insulation performance and / or temperature resistance allows an individual construction of the wall layers according to the requirement profile of the furnace installation even in a single furnace installation over the length and / or the wall.

In addition, the wall construction according to the invention in all heat treatment systems, in particular up to 1200 ° C is universally applicable and suitable for both cylindrical and rectangular furnace geometries. In addition, it is advantageous that in corners and joints of successive walls by simply trimming the modules 2 or 12, the corners - possibly with joints which have an offset - can be formed.

In addition, it is advantageous that, if the fire-side layer is formed as a refractory brick, the possibly existing fiber components of subsequent insulation layers are shielded so far that a health hazard during operation of the furnace by flying fiber components and / or contamination of the fuel is excluded by frayed. This effect is of course enhanced if the second and / or further layer of calcium silicate boards or microporous insulation boards is formed.

In addition, it is advantageous that no brackets are required to cushion the lining, so that the production costs are also considerably reduced.
Typical applications of the invention are, for example, chemical / petrochemical especially in cracked gas plants (cracking plants), the thermal exhaust air cleaning, strip annealing, chamber furnaces, roller hearth furnaces, the heat treatment furnaces, annealing hoods in the steel or iron processing industry but also in heavy ceramic range, in the range of Tunnel kilns, tunnel kiln cars, roller kilns, shuttle kilns and hood kilns.

Claims (32)

1. Wall and/or roof structure for a heat treatment plant, wherein the wall structure (1) comprises individual wall modules (2, 12), and a fastening apparatus (3) is present for at least one section of the modules (2), wherein the fastening apparatus (3) comprises first retaining devices (15, 16), which, with second retaining or fastening devices (17) of a supporting structure (4) of the heat treatment plant, retain the module (2) on the supporting structure, wherein the first and second retaining devices (15, 16, 17) are equipped with corresponding locking devices (28, 35, 50) for locked connection.
2. Wall structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that, in plan view, the wall modules (2) have a quadrangular cross-section, in particular a square or rectangular cross-section, or a different cross-section permitting their gap-free relative configuration, such as a triangular, hexagonal or octagonal cross-sectional shape.
3. Wall structure according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the wall structure (1) is formed from two different wall modules (2, 12), wherein first modules (2) take the form of retaining modules (2) and second modules (12) take the form of filler modules (12), which are disposed alternately in the overall structure.
4. Wall structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the filler modules (12), which are disposed alternately with the modules (2), are of a design corresponding with the modules (2), so that a form-fit arrangement of the filler modules (12) and the modules (2) is created in the wall structure.
5. Wall structure according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that, between the wall module (2) and the supporting structure (4), a gap is formed, which gap is filled with appropriate materials, in particular with infilled and/or integrally-cast material.
6. Wall module (2, 12) for a wall and/or roof structure for a heat treatment plant according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the wall modules (2, 12) are composed of a plurality of layers.
7. Module according to Claim 6, characterised in that the wall module (2, 12) is equipped with a first layer (5) on the furnace-chamber side or high-temperature side, and at least an adjoining second layer (6) on the side remote from the furnace interior, wherein further insulating layers (7) may be disposed after the second layer (6).
8. Module according to Claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the first layer (5) is a layer of a solid, rigid material and, in particular, a brick layer of an at least heat-resistant or refractory material.
9. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the heat-resistant or refractory material is selected from known materials, wherein its chemical-mineralogical composition, its temperature resistance and its thickness are governed by the requirements such as temperature, furnace atmosphere, etc.
10. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the first layer (5) is a so-called lightweight refractory material or takes the form of a lightweight refractory brick, and the second layer (6) is an insulating layer, wherein the second layer (6) takes the form of one or more calcium silicate panels or microporous insulating panels, or the second layer (6) takes the form of a fibrous material that is suitable and normally encountered in furnace and kiln construction, wherein the insulating layer (7) following after the second layer (6), as well as any further layers, take the form of insulating layers, and/or, following after the second layer (6), the further insulating layers (7), comprising one or more calcium silicate panels or microporous insulating panels and/or a fibrous material and/or a compressed solid fibrous material, take the form of nonwoven fabric and/or fibre matting and/or rigid fibre panelling, wherein the porosity of the layers increases from layer (6) to the subsequent layers (7) in order to increase the insulating capacity.
11. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 10, characterised in that, in plan view, the wall module (2, 12) has a quadrangular cross-section, in particular a square or rectangular cross-section, or a different cross-section permitting a gap-free relative arrangement of the modules (2, 12), such as a triangular, hexagonal or octagonal cross-sectional shape.
12. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 11, characterised in that the wall module (2, 12) comprises a front face (5a), a first side face (5b) and a second side face (5c), and a rear face (5d) of the first layer (5); a front face (6a), a first side face (6b) and a second side face (6c), and a rear face (6d) of the second layer (6) and, if applicable, a front face (7a), a first side face (7b), a second side face (7c), and a rear face (7d) of the third layer (7), wherein further layers correspond with the above-mentioned layers in terms of their arrangement, wherein the layers (5, 6, 7) and, if applicable, further layers, are designed to succeed one another in alignment with each other, so that the wall module (2) has a cuboidal or box-like shape.
13. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 12, characterised in that the layers (5, 6, 7) are formed with a stepped or shouldered offset relative to one another, wherein the layers (5, 6, 7) align with first side faces (5b, 6b, 7b), wherein the layers exhibit a stepped offset such that the second side faces (5c, 6c, 7c) are disposed offset relative to one another, wherein, with this arrangement of the wall modules (2) relative to one another, joints with a straight characteristic (9) and joints with a stepped characteristic (10) are formed over the wall thickness, wherein, with a plurality of layers, two layers (6, 7) are in alignment with one another and only one layer has an offset relative to the remaining layers, and/or the layers (5, 6, 7) exhibit a stepped offset such that the offset runs diagonally over a corner of adjacent side faces, so that all joints (11) of adjacent modules (2) exhibit a stepped characteristic, wherein the wall modules (2) engage in one another.
14. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 13, characterised in that the module (2, 12) takes the form of retaining modules (2) or filler modules (12), wherein a module (2) taking the form of a retaining module (2) is designed in a first cross-section such that it widens stepwise from the layer (7) at the outermost extremity of the furnace towards the layer (5) at the innermost extremity of the furnace, and/or the layer (5) contains an additional shoulder (13), with which the layer (5) widens stepwise at least to one side, and/or the wall module (2), in a second cross-section, which is located perpendicular to the first cross-section, is of a design such that it widens stepwise from a layer (7) at the exterior of the furnace towards the layer (5) at the interior of the furnace, and/or the wall module (2) widens stepwise, symmetrically or asymmetrically, in the first and second cross-sections, and/or the wall module (2), in a second cross-section running transversely relative to the first cross-section, takes a laterally offset form with a stepwise offset from layer to layer or in the layer (5) itself.
15. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 14, characterised in that the filler module (12) is of a design corresponding with the module (2), so that a form-fit arrangement of the filler modules (12) and the modules (2) is created in the wall structure, and/or, in a first cross-section, the filler module (12) narrows stepwise in correspondence with module (2), and, in a second cross-section running perpendicularly relative to the first cross-section, the module (12) has the same cross-section as the module (2) i.e. it either narrows stepwise in correspondence with the module (2) or has a stepwise offset in correspondence with the module (2), and/or, in the case of the filler module (12), the individual layers (5, 6, 7) are held together in an appropriate manner and are, in particular, bonded together or held together with suitable insertion elements, and/or the stepped offsets and/or widenings comprise an oblique running surface (14), thus avoiding sharp, sensitive stepped edges, in particular in the area of the layer (5).
16. Module according to any of Claims 6 to 15, characterised in that the layer (5) is designed with a central division such that layer halves or opposing layer-half faces (5g) are formed, wherein a semicircular groove (5f) extending away from the layer (5) and penetrating the rear face (5d) is provided in each of the layer-half faces (5g) of the layer halves or brick halves.
17. Fastening apparatus for a wall and/or roof structure for a heat treatment plant according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, with modules according to one or more of Claims 6 to 16, characterised in that the fastening apparatus (3) is formed by a plurality of components and comprises at least a retaining device (15), a retaining plate (16) and a fastening device (17).
18. Fastening apparatus according to Claim 17, characterised in that the retaining device (15) serves to retain the modules (2) on a retaining plate (16) and holds the layers (5, 6, 7) of the modules (2) together.
19. Fastening apparatus according to Claim 17 or 18, characterised in that the retaining device (15) is equipped with an anchor component (18) and a shaft component (19), wherein the anchor component (18) is designed with two or more arms (21) extending away from a centre point (20), and with a collar or disc, wherein the shaft component (19) is disposed to engage with a centre point (20), wherein the shaft component (19) takes a rod-like form and is equipped, at its free end (22), with a fastening device.
20. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 19, characterised in that, relative to the shaft component (19), the arms (21) extend from it in perpendicular fashion or at an angle and, in particular, enclose an acute angle with the shaft component (19).
21. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 20, characterised in that the retaining device (15) comprises a shaft component (19), which takes the form of a spiral or a corrugated rod.
22. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 21, characterised in that the retaining device (15) is comprised of ceramic and/or a heat-resistant metal such as a high-grade steel.
23. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 22, characterised in that the retaining plate (16) is a planar, level component which, in particular, takes the form of a stamped sheet-metal component made of steel, for example St37 or V4A (1.4301 or similar) or a heat-resistant metal such as, in particular, steels of the following qualities: Inconel, 1.4828, 1.4841 and 1.4845, wherein the retaining plate (16) contains, in particular centrally, a depression (25) and, adjacent to the depression (25), at least one locator hole (24) is present in the retaining plate (16), wherein the quantity of locator holes (24) is governed by the quantity of retaining devices (15).
24. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 23, characterised in that the depression (25) is laterally defined by a stepped side face (26) or shoulder (26), wherein the depression (25) forms a level base (27) and at least a first locking device (28) is present in the depression base (27), wherein the first locking device (28) is a locking aperture, wherein, from the depression base (27) upwards, a peripheral flange (29), which laterally defines the locking apertures (28), extends upwards in the direction away from the depression (25) and, in particular, the locking aperture (28) takes a rectangular form, wherein the flange (29) projects roughly at right angles from the depression base (27) at narrow-side edges (30) of the locking aperture (28) or encloses an obtuse angle with the depression base, and at long-side edges (31) of the locking aperture (28), the flange (29) encloses an obtuse angle (32) with the depression base (27), narrowing the locking aperture (28) in the direction away from the depression base (27), wherein the angle (32) is approximately 120° and/or the aperture (28) assumes a round or polygonal shape, wherein the flange (29) takes the form of a peripheral conical collar.
25. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 24, characterised in that the fastening device (17) is designed to interact in a fastening manner with the retaining plate (16), wherein the fastening device (17) is equipped with a locking device (35) corresponding with the first locking device (28).
26. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 25, characterised in that the fastening device (17) is equipped with a level base plate (34), which is roughly rectangular, polygonal or round in shape, wherein spring clips (37) are integrally attached to the long sides (36) of the base plate (34).
27. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 26, characterised in that the spring clips (37) have a roughly s-shaped characteristic in cross-section, wherein, from the long side (36), they are configured to run in convergence with one another with a first bend (38) and, following a straight section, which forms an obliquely running spring-clip face (39), extend outwards away from one another with a second bend (40) and herein form a rear-engagement projection (41), wherein the height (H) of the spring clips (37) from the base plate (34) to below the rear-engagement projection (41) essentially corresponds with the height of the flange (29), wherein the spring clips (37) enclose with the base plate (34) an angle that is somewhat greater than the angle (32) of the flange (29).
28. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 27, characterised in that the base plate (34) is equipped with a fastening hole (42) through which a screw bolt or clinched bolt (43) may be inserted and, if applicable secured with a nut (44).
29. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 28, characterised in that the first locking device (50) comprises two relief-cut locking lugs (51) located in the base plane of the depression and facing one another, wherein the locking lugs (51) are attached to the depression base along a longitudinal edge (52), wherein the locking lugs (51) may taper towards a free longitudinal edge (53) and to this extent take a trapezoidal form, and the free longitudinal edges (53) define between them a locking gap (54), wherein, for interaction with the locking device (50), a corresponding second locking device is disposed on the fastening device (17) or the supporting structure (4) as a locking projection in the form of a locking plate, wherein the locking plate is of a thickness greater than the locking gap (54) and roughly of the length of the locking gap (54), wherein the anchor component (18) of the retaining device (15) is mounted in the layer (5), wherein the anchor component (18) is cast-in, cemented-in, inserted or push-fitted into the layer (5), and that the anchor component (18) is disposed in the layer (5) with the outwardly-extending arms (21), wherein the arms (21) may be inserted into corresponding holes (5e) in each of the layer halves or layer-half faces (5g), wherein the shaft component (19) is mounted in a semicircular groove (5f) extending away from the layer (5) and penetrating the rear face (5d) in each of the layer halves or brick halves, wherein the shaft component (19) penetrates the further layers (6, 7) and projects past the rear face (7d) of the last layer to a degree such that the free end (22) of the shaft component (19) may be inserted into the locator hole (24) of the retaining plate (16) and fastened, wherein the shaft component (19) may be fastened to the retaining plate (16) by screwing a nut onto the thread (23) or by other suitable means, such as welding, locking, soldering or similar.
30. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 29, characterised in that, in the assembled state, with the exception of one or more depressions (25), the retaining plate (16) bears on the rear face (7d) of the last layer (7) as far as possible over its entire surface area and/or the retaining plate (16) bears on the rear face (7d) with compression.
31. Fastening apparatus according to any of Claims 17 to 30, characterised in that, in order to dispose a wall module (2) on the supporting structure (4), the fastening devices (17) are disposed at predetermined locations on the supporting structure (4), wherein the fastening devices (17) are disposed on a supporting structure (4) by screw attachment and/or by riveting and/or welding and/or locking with a locked connection, wherein, if filler modules (12) are provided between the wall modules (2), the distance between the fastening devices (17) roughly corresponds with the distance between two wall modules (2) and with that of a filler module (12) located between them, and/or the fastening devices (17) take the form of rails or rail grids, wherein the locking springs or locking clips (37) are integrally formed or constructed at the predetermined distances on the rail or rail grid, wherein the locking aperture (28) is designed in a manner such that for assembly purposes, it can be placed onto the spring clips (37), wherein the rear-engagement projections (41) are supported against the oblique faces of the flange (29) and, by pressure on the module (2), the projections (41) can be slid along the flanges (29), wherein the rear-engagement projections (41) can pass over the free outer edges of the flange (29) and then spring outwards, so the projections (41) engage the flange (29) from behind and the module (2) is securely locked on the supporting structure (4) with the fastening device (17).
32. Use of a wall and/or roof structure according to any of Claims 1 to 5 with modules according to any of Claims 6 to 16 and fastening devices according to any of Claims 17 to 31 as furnace walling or furnace roofing in cracked gas plants, thermal exhaust-air decontamination, strip annealing, batch furnaces, roller hearth furnaces, heat treatment furnaces, annealing hoods or tunnel furnaces, tunnel furnace cars, roller furnaces, bogie hearth furnaces and hood-type furnaces or other heat treatment facilities.

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