EP1528342A2 - Verfahren zur Trocknung von Gut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Trocknung von Gut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens Download PDFInfo
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- EP1528342A2 EP1528342A2 EP04405298A EP04405298A EP1528342A2 EP 1528342 A2 EP1528342 A2 EP 1528342A2 EP 04405298 A EP04405298 A EP 04405298A EP 04405298 A EP04405298 A EP 04405298A EP 1528342 A2 EP1528342 A2 EP 1528342A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- flow channel
- vacuum
- steam
- flow
- Prior art date
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- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 210
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 41
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010016256 fatigue Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
- F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/14—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases or vapours other than air or steam, e.g. inert gases
- F26B21/145—Condensing the vapour onto the surface of the materials to be dried
Definitions
- the invention is based on a process for drying good, in particular solid insulation of an electrical appliance, according to The preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a Apparatus for carrying out the method.
- the method of the type mentioned is DE 30 14 831 A removable.
- An in described in this prior art, according to the vapour phase method working drying device for isolierölgetränkte insulations has a the on to be dried isolations receiving evacuable autoclave, in the a cascade evaporator is arranged.
- This cascade evaporator is in essentially vertically aligned and contains one of a plate and a Partition wall limited flow channel. At the plate are heating coils and Guiding plates arranged.
- the cascade evaporator is solvent by means of a pump fed, which in a arranged outside the autoclave preheater was heated.
- the preheated solvent trickles with the help of the baffles along the plate from top to bottom.
- the solvent evaporates to the Heating coils.
- the forming solvent vapor flows due to chimney effect in the flow channel vertically upwards and is via a steam inlet in the Insulators containing usable space of the autoclave out.
- the present invention is based on the object, the energy consumption and to reduce the lead time of the method of the type mentioned above and at the same time provide devices which in a particularly advantageous manner to Implementation of this method are suitable.
- the guided in the vacuum tank and heated solvent in a formed in the manner of a venturi flow channel injected In this case, a predominantly solvent vapor-containing and by a Constriction of the flow channel guided beam formed, which is due to Suction intense with an already existing in the vacuum container share Solvent vapor mixes.
- the temperature of the From the flow channel passing solvent vapor can be controlled very precisely.
- the flow stimulated by the jet is an optimal one Circulation and turbulence of the solvent vapor in the vacuum tank ensured. As a result, the amount of energy required to heat the drying material and greatly reduces the heating time.
- a particularly short cycle time is achieved when the heated solvent in injected through the venturi solvent vapor stream is injected.
- the effect of the injected solvent will be the speed and the Turbulence of the guided in the Venturi nozzle solvent vapor stream substantially elevated.
- the increased solvent vapor velocity is due the Jet Sign also maintained towards the end of the heating phase, which is a shorter heating time in the upper temperature range and even smaller Temperature difference across the drying object ensures, reducing the quality of the Drying is significantly improved.
- the aforementioned is guided in the Venturi nozzle Generates solvent vapor stream in a vacuum vessel arranged in the evaporator, because then by the action of the injected solvent of the Evaporator generated solvent vapor is rapidly sucked away from the evaporator, resulting in smaller pressure loss in this evaporator and thus leads to increased efficiency.
- the solvent vapor stream can also be in an outside of the vacuum vessel arranged evaporator generated and through the wall into the interior of the Vacuum container are guided.
- the Jet Sign then the Solvent vapor better from a guided in the vacuum tank Solvent vapor line sucked, resulting in smaller pressure drop between external Evaporator and vacuum vessel and thus also leads to increased efficiency.
- the heated solvent at the bottleneck of the Venturi nozzle in the Injected flow channel At the bottleneck, this points into the flow channel injected solvent particularly high speed up.
- This high Speed calls for a great vacuum and thus a strong jet effect out, i. a particularly strong sucking a in the vacuum container when Heating the drying material formed mixed steam flow of solvent and Water vapor in the injected solvent.
- the inventive method is characterized by a particularly high Efficiency, when in the guided inside the vacuum tank Mixed steam flow cold solvent is injected.
- cold Solvent such as in a vacuum container arranged in the condensation space
- This increases the proportion of water vapor in the Condensation on and consequently has less solvent vapor in one outside the vacuum tank condenser as condensate be deposited, whereby the energy requirement of the process in addition is reduced.
- the mixed steam is strongly sucked because of the blasting effect and due to intensive mixing a high heat recuperation by heating the achieved injected cold solvent.
- a further reduction of the energy requirement of erfindungefflessen method is achieved in that the mixed steam flow out of the vacuum tank and condensed outside the container in two or more stages, and that with the output in a first of the stages in the condensing of mixed steam Condensation heat heating air is heated.
- the solvent steam generator contains a inside the Vacuum container arranged and designed in the manner of a Venturi nozzle Flow channel and a guided in the flow channel device for Injecting heated solvent into the flow channel.
- this device is characterized when the Injection device at the bottleneck of the Venturi nozzle in the flow channel empties.
- the injection device an opening with injection openings in the flow channel Solventverteilkanal and / or at least one held in the interior of the flow channel injection nozzle.
- Heating energy can be saved and thus the efficiency of the process on be improved if provided for heating the vacuum tank Heating device is designed as a water heater for the solvent.
- a simple control of temperature and mixing ratio of the Flow channel escaping solvent vapor can be achieved in that a directional channel limiting the flow channel, changing the inflow and / or Outflow cross section of the flow channel is adjustable.
- this condensation space as a flow channel for the mixed gas formed and has inflow as an inflow channel of a venturi acting sheet on and / or a drain sheet and / or downstream Baffle.
- the required heating energy is additionally reduced by the fact that the Condensing device arranged outside the vacuum container, having air-cooled condenser for generating heating air.
- the vacuum container as a housing of a transformer executed and in a preferably heatable with air isolierhaus arranged.
- the drying devices shown in the figures serve to dry good, in particular the solid insulation of one or more electrical devices as well removing any insulating oil that may be present in the insulation.
- the Drying device according to Fig.1 contains a vacuum-tight running container 1, which is equipped with a solid insulation containing electrical device, For example, a transformer, or - as shown - only with the Solid insulating containing active part 1.1 is loaded.
- the vacuum container 1 can be heated by means of heating pipes 2.
- the heating energy is in one Heat generator 3 on a flowing in the tubes 2 heat transfer medium for heating of the vacuum container 1 transmitted.
- the heating pipes 2 are of a double jacket surrounded and form together with the jacket a Solventerhitzer 4 a Solvent steam generator.
- the solvent heater cold solvent is heated.
- the solvent is generally a light oil with a much higher boiling point than water and a much lower boiling point than any in the Solid insulation existing insulating oil.
- the heated solvent is poured over an in 1 unsigned Solventitatisön in one within the Vacuum container 1 lying, optionally tubular, Solventverteilkanal 5 of Solventdampfer Wegers out.
- the solvent distribution channel 5 can with advantage as exposed pipe with injection openings and or Injectors are formed. This will be a cost effective device reached.
- the Solventverteilkanal 5 has injection openings or injectors for the solvent on.
- the straightening plate 6 can through Turning and / or moving in its position can be changed. This can be done the upstream of the nozzle throat of the Venturi nozzle located inflow and the downstream of the nozzle throat located Abströmquerites of Flow channel 5.2 enlarge or reduce.
- the vacuum container 1 has down in its bottom an opening into a drain tank 7 drain opening for condensed solvent on and optionally from the solvent from the Solid insulation washed out insulating oil.
- a Switch executed fill level indicator 7.1 arranged in the drain tank 7 .
- the drain tank 7 is via Shut-off valve 20.1 connected to a feed pump 8.
- the exit of the Feed pump 8 is connected via shut-off valve 20.3 with the Solventerhitzer 4 or alternatively via shut-off valve 20.6 with a solvent storage tank 9 or via Shut-off valve 20.7 with an oil tank 19 for receiving the optionally existing insulating oil, which during drying of the material to be dried 1.1 by the Solvent removed from the solid insulations and subsequently by distillation was separated from the solvent.
- the flow channel 5.2 is in the vacuum tank 1 a Condensation device arranged with a condensation chamber 10 for Heat recuperation, a baffle 10.1, baffles 10.2 and injectors 11.
- the condensation space 10 is down to the inside of the vacuum container. 1 open and has at its upper end a through the wall of the container. 1 guided outlet opening 10.3, which via a mixing steam line 15 and a Dampfabsperrventil 20 leads to a mixed steam condenser 16.
- the Mischdampfkondensator 16 has two outputs, one of which with a Vacuum system 18 and the other via a check valve 21 with a separation tank 17 is connected.
- the separation vessel 17 has two outputs, one of which on one of the removal of water serving discharge valve 22 acts and the other is connected to the input of a Solvent technicallypumpe 8.1 whose output optionally via a shut-off valve 20.5 to the injection nozzles 11, or over Shut-off valves 20.4 and 20.6 leads to the solvent reservoir tank 9.
- the heated solvent as intensive Solvent flow 5.3 from the Solventverteilkanal 5 in the flow channel 5.2 emerge and there with a solvent and water vapor containing Mixed steam from the interior of the container to a predominantly solvent vapor containing steam containing 5.4.
- the flow channel 5.2 can over the extend entire length and / or width of a wall of the container and possibly also consist of several short sections. Is the Solventverteilkanal as exposed pipe with injection openings or injectors trained, it is through the emerging from the manifold, expanding and partially evaporating solvent, the mixed steam in the flow channel on both sides of the Distributor pulled in over.
- the heating pipes 2 of the Solventerhitzers. 4 mainly oriented horizontally and that is the flow channel 5.2 limiting straightening plate 6 rotatably formed.
- the rotation of the straightening plate 6 can be achieved by a mechanical adjustment 6.2, which via a Lever gear on the pivotally mounted at a point 6.1 straightening plate 6 acts.
- the straightening plate between two positions 5.5 resp.
- the injected Solvent 14 and the condensed solvent vapor 14.1 flow to the drain pan 7 and be pumped with the feed pump 8, while remaining mixed steam 14.2 from the mixing steam flow 13 via the mixing steam line 15 from the Condensation space 10 is removed and led to a mixed steam condenser 16 becomes.
- the operation of the device is as follows: With the vacuum system 18, the vacuum container 1, the mixed steam condenser 16 and the separation tank 17 are evacuated. At the same time, the solvent supply tank 9 draws solvent via the shut-off valves 20.6 and 20.3 and the solvent heater 4 into the vacuum container 1 until the filling level indicator 7.1 is flooded.
- the solvent present in the vacuum tank 1 is circulated by the feed pump 8 and heated in the solvent heater 4 to a temperature slightly above a predetermined drying temperature. The heated solvent is heated to normal or possibly higher pressure.
- the pressure in the solvent 5.3 drops sharply and evaporates a portion of the heated solvent with simultaneous cooling by the amount of its heat of vaporization.
- the resulting solvent vapor 5.4 condenses on the active part and heats it with simultaneous evaporation of the water contained in the solid insulation, resulting in the formation of the solvent and steam containing mixed steam in the vacuum vessel 1.
- resulting and optionally insulating solvent-containing solvent condensate is fed back to the Solventverteilkanal 5 with the feed pump 8 via the solvent heater 4 for evaporation.
- the solvent 5.3 is advantageously injected at the nozzle throat via the injection openings 5.1 in the flow channel 5.2. This results in a particularly high flow velocity and a correspondingly high negative pressure. This leads to a jet effect, through which the mixed steam present in the vacuum tank 1 is sucked into the flow channel 5.2.
- the sucked mixed steam mixes with the injected solvent 5.3 and the solvent vapor 5.4 formed during injection.
- the injection nozzles 11, 11.1 is stored in the separation tank 17 cold solvent fed with the feed pump 8.1 via shut-off valve 20.5 and in the Condensation space 10 injected.
- the large surface of the injected cold solvent 14 condenses the solvent vapor component into the Condensation space 10 sucked mixed steam 13 to form the condensed solvent 14.1.
- This can be done in an advantageous manner Enrich water vapor in the condensation chamber 10. It will be less Solvent vapor led to the mixed steam condenser 16. It becomes so energy saved, which on the one hand for heating the solvent and the other to Cooling of the mixed steam condenser 16 is required.
- the injected solvent and the condensed solvent vapor flow over the drain tank 7 Feed pump 8 and are fed via shut-off valve 20.3 the solvent heater 4.
- the condensation chamber 10 with steam enriched solvent vapor is controlled by the Dampfabsperrventil 20 the mixed steam condenser 16th fed and condensed. This resulting air leakage is with the vacuum system 18th pumped out.
- the solvent and water-containing condensate is then by means of Sedimentation separated in the separation vessel 17 and the solvent with the pump 8.1 via Shut-off valve 20.5 fed back to the injectors 11, 11.1.
- the feed pump 8 is turned off and the Steam shut-off valve 20 fully open.
- condensation of solvent and Water vapor in the mixed steam condenser 16 is the pressure in the vacuum vessel. 1 lowered and at the same time accumulating in the separation tank 17 solvent condensate with the feed pump 8.1 via the valves 20.4, 20.6 supplied to the solvent reservoir tank 9.
- the shut-off valve 21 is closed and the Pressure in the vacuum container 1 with the vacuum pump 18 for a given Period lowered to low vacuum levels.
- the vacuum tank 1 is vented and then the dried material 1.1 is the Vacuum tank 1 removed.
- the Vacuum container 1 designed as a housing of a transformer, which is the Drying material, also in this case containing the solid insulation active part 1.1 of the transformer absorbs.
- the transformer housing 1 is in one réelleisolierhaus 1.5 arranged, which are heated by the heat generator 3 can.
- the heat generator 3 is designed as an air heater. The heating energy is supplied through the tubes 2. Through the tubes 2 heated air is used as a heat transfer medium with the help of a hot air fan 3.1 via a housing feedthrough 3.3 into Heat insulation house 1.5 transported. About a housing bushing 3.2 is air the heat insulating housing 1.5 back to the air heater and again heated.
- the Heating pipes 2 are surrounded by a double jacket and are from the heat generator. 3 heated both the transformer housing 1 and the solvent.
- the transformer housing. 1 but with cover flanges 1.3 vacuum-sealed openings 1.2, through which openings otherwise the power connections of the active part 1.1 are guided.
- one of these openings 1.2 is that of the Solventerhitzer 4 on the Solvent connection line 4.1 Flow channel supplied with hot solvent 5.2 arranged.
- the Solventdampfer Weger now one at the Nozzle throat of the venturi nozzle arranged and in the direction of the nozzle axis aligned injection nozzle 5.7, which via the line 4.1 with hot solvent is fed.
- Further solvent steam generators each with a flow channel and with one or possibly also with several injectors 5.7 can be provided other openings 1.2 of the transformer housing 1.
- the flow channel is 5.2 substantially formed axially symmetrical and is limited by a fixed and the large part around the axis bent Venturiblech 6.3 as well as by the adjustable executed straightening plate 6.
- Deflector 6.4 On the downstream side is on the straightening plate 6 in addition Deflector 6.4 arranged. By the sheet 6.4 is from the channel 5.2 passing, not evaporated solvent to the wall of the transformer housing. 1 guided and can quickly via a provided in the bottom drain port 1.4 ( Figure 6) removed again from the housing 1 and the solvent heater 4 are supplied.
- transformer housing 1 In a further opening 1.2 transformer housing 1 is the condensation chamber 10 arranged.
- Two embodiments of this condensation space are from the Figures 8 and 9 can be seen, wherein the embodiment of Figure 8 is largely the Embodiment corresponds to Figure 5 and the Fig.9 largely that according to Fig.4.
- the embodiment of Figure 8 is still an air-cooled Capacitor 23 shown, which with the outlet opening 10.3 of the Condensation space 10 connected via the line 15 and the Mixed steam condenser 16 to form an additional condensation stage for the enriched steam containing mixed steam 14.2 is connected upstream.
- Air heated in the air-cooled condenser 23 is transferred by a fan 23.1 an inlet opening 23.2 for heating purposes in the planteisoliergephase 1.4 transported.
- the drying device 6 shows the assembled transformer in the townisoliergephaseuse first are introduced and instead of housing bushings for the Power connections of the active part 1.1 for carrying the line 4.1 and the Injector 5.7 and to complete the condensation chamber 10 needed Connection flanges 1.3 mounted.
- Condensate drain is the Interior of the transformer housing 1 with the other components of the Drying device connected.
- the drying process can now - as in the embodiment the drying device according to Fig.1 described - be performed.
- the drying device in the vacuum tank 1 a generally as a cascade evaporator trained Solventdampfer Weger 24 arranged. Become this steam generator supplied from the outside through the wall of the vacuum vessel 1 solvent and heat. The amount of solvent supplied is by means of a Solventabsperrventils 20.9 controlled. The heat is placed in an outside of the vacuum tank Heat generator 24.2 formed. Solvent vapor 29 formed in the evaporator 24 flows through a solvent vapor outlet 24.1 in the flow channel 5.2.
- Reference numeral 25 is an outside of the vacuum container 1 befindaji Solvent heater, preheated in the solvent and the preheated Solvent via a Solventabsperrventil 20.8 dosed in the flow channel 5.2 located Solventverteilkanal 5 is performed. Injectors 5.7 of Solventverteilkanals 5 are arranged in the region of the bottleneck of the venturi.
- the preheated solvent 5.3 injected in the direction of the solvent vapor stream 29 sucks the Solventdampf from the evaporator 24 due to Jet Sign and so increases its flow velocity.
- the speed of the Flow channel 5.2 already increased mixed steam flow 30 increases.
- the from the Flow channel 5.2 passing steam flow 5.4 therefore has a high Flow rate and good turbulence. This results in a higher flow speed and better turbulence of the Vacuum vessel circulating solvent vapor stream than conventional Method.
- the drying times are at the same time low Energy consumption reduced.
- the Jet Angel remains the desired high Solvent vapor velocity in the autoclave towards the end of the heating phase receive. This leads to a shorter heating time in the upper temperature range and Accordingly, also provides a small temperature difference over the Drying 1.1 and thus an improved drying quality safely.
- Solvent evaporator 26 for example, a large evaporator or a Downpipe evaporator
- the Jet Sign of injected in the direction of the steam flow 29 heated Solvents are analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 10 of the solvent vapor the steam line and the mixed steam are sucked out of the autoclave 1 and become so the flow velocity and the turbulence of the steam flow in 5.4 advantageously increased.
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Abstract
Description
- Beladen des Autoklaven mit Gut,
- Evakuieren des beladenen Autoklaven,
- Aufheizen des beladenen Autoklaven mit kondensierendem Solventdampf und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich mit der Autoklavheizung, um den überwiegenden Teil des Wasser sowie des gegebenenfalls vorhandenen Isolieröls und der Verunreinigungen aus dem Gut zu entfernen,
- Durchführen von Zwischendrucksenkungen im Autoklaven, um während des Aufheizens ausgewaschenes Isolieröl abzudestillieren und um in besonders schneller und schonender Weise die vorgenannten Substanzen zu entfernen,
- Anlegen von Feinvakuum bei eingeschalteter Autoklavheizung an den Autoklaven, um noch vorhanden Restsubstanzen aus den Feststoffisolationen zu entfernen, und
- Belüften und Entladen des Autoklaven.
- Fig.1
- eine Trocknungsvorrichtung nach der Erfindung, enthaltend einen geschnitten dargestellten, Feststoffisolationen eines Transformators als Trocknungsgut aufnehmenden Vakuumbehälter, einen Solventdampferzeuger zum Aufheizen, Zuführen und Verteilen von Solvent und zum Erzeugen von Solventdampf und einen Vorrichtung zum Kondensieren von Solventdampf,
- Fig.2
- eine erste Ausführungsform des in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1 enthaltenen Solventdampferzeugers,
- Fig.3
- eine zweite Ausführungsform des in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1 enthaltenen Solventdampferzeugers,
- Fig.4
- eine erste Ausführungsform der in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1 enthaltenen Kondensationsvorrichtung,
- Fig.5
- eine zweite Ausführungsform der in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1 enthaltenen Kondensationsvorrichtung,
- Fig.6
- eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1, bei der der Vakuumbehälter vom Gehäuse eines Transformators gebildet ist,
- Fig.7
- eine Ausführungsform des in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.6 enthaltenen Solventdampferzeugers,
- Fig.8
- eine erste Ausführungsform der in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.6 enthaltenen Kondensationsvorrichtung,
- Fig.9
- eine zweite Ausführungsform der in der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.6 enthaltenen Kondensationsvorrichtung,
- Fig.10
- eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1, bei der im Vakuumbehälter zusätzlich ein weiterer Solventverdampfer angeordnet ist, und
- Fig.11
- eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Trocknungsvorrichtung nach Fig.1, bei der dem Vakuumbehälter Solventverdampf zuführbar ist, der ausserhalb des Vakuumbehälters erzeugt werden kann.
Mit der Vakuumanlage 18 werden der Vakuumbehälter 1, der Mischdampfkondensator 16 und der Trennbehälter 17 evakuiert. Zugleich wird vom Solventvorratstank 9 Solvent über die Absperrventile 20.6 und 20.3 und den Solventerhitzer 4 in den Vakuumbehälter 1 eingezogen bis der Füllstandsindikator 7.1 überflutet ist. In der nun folgenden Aufheizphase wird das im Vakuumbehälter 1 vorhandene Solvent mit der Förderpumpe 8 umgewälzt und im Solventerhitzer 4 auf eine etwas oberhalb einer vorgegebenen Trocknungstemperatur liegende Temperatur erhitzt. Das erhitzte Solvent befindet sich beim Erhitzen auf Normal- oder gegebenenfalls auch auf höherem Druck. Beim Austritt des Solvents aus den Einspritzöffnungen 5.1 des Solventverteilkanals 5 sinkt der Druck im Solvent 5.3 stark ab und verdampft ein Teil des erhitzten Solvents unter gleichzeitiger Abkühlung um den Betrag seiner Verdampfungswärme. Der so entstehende Solventdampf 5.4 kondensiert am Aktivteil und erwärmt dieses unter gleichzeitiger Verdampfung des in den Feststoffisolationen enthaltenen Wassers, was zur Bildung des Solvent- und Wasserdampf enthaltenden Mischdampfes im Vakuumbehälter 1 führt. Im Vakuumbehälter 1 anfallendes und gegebenenfalls Isolieröl enthaltendes Solventkondensat wird mit der Förderpumpe 8 via Solventerhitzer 4 zur Verdampfung wieder dem Solventverteilkanal 5 zugeführt. Das Solvent 5.3 wird mit Vorteil an der Düsenengstelle über die Einspritzöffnungen 5.1 in den Strömungskanal 5.2 eingespritzt. Es entstehen so eine besonders hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit und ein dementsprechend grosser Unterdruck. Dies führt zu einer Jet-Wirkung, durch die der im Vakuumbehälter 1 vorhandene Mischdampf in den Strömungskanal 5.2 eingesaugt wird. Der eingesaugte Mischdampf mischt sich mit dem eingespritzten Solvent 5.3 und dem beim Einspritzen gebildeten Solventdampf 5.4. Dies erzeugt den vorteilhaften Effekt, dass einerseits eine schnelle und genaue Temperaturkontrolle des in den Vakuumbehälter 1 eintretenden Solventdampfs 5.4 erreicht wird, und dass andererseits durch Einsaugen des Mischdampfs in den Strömungskanal 5.2 der Mischdampf mit erhöhter Geschwindigkeit turbulent im Vakuumbehälter 1 umgewälzt wird, wodurch die Aufheizung des elektrischen Trocknungsguts 1.1 wesentlich beschleunigt wird.
- 1
- Vakuumbehälter, Transformatorgehäuse
- 1.1
- Trocknungsgut (elektrisches Gerät, Aktivteil des Geräts)
- 1.2
- Gehäuseöffnungen
- 1.3
- Abdeckflansche
- 1.4
- Kondensatablauf
- 1.5
- Wärmeisolierhaus
- 2
- Heizrohre
- 3
- Wärmeerzeuger, Lufterhitzer
- 3.1
- Heissluftventilator
- 3.2, 3.3
- Gehäusedurchführungen
- 4
- Solventerhitzer
- 4.1
- Solventverbindungsleitung
- 4.2
- Solventzuführleitung
- 5
- Solventverteilkanal
- 5.1
- Einspritzöffnung
- 5.2
- Strömungskanal
- 5.3
- erwärmtes Solvent
- 5.4
- Solventdampf
- 5.5
- Lage eines Richtblechs 6 für maximale Eintrittsfläche von 5.2
- 5.6
- Lage eines Richtblechs 6 für minimale Eintrittsfläche von 5.2
- 5.7
- Einspritzdüse
- 6
- Richtblech
- 6.1
- Drehpunkt des Richtblechs
- 6.2
- Einstellvorrichtung für das Richtblech
- 6.3
- Venturiblech
- 6.4
- Umlenkblech
- 7
- Ablaufbehälter
- 7.1
- Füllstandsindikator
- 8, 8.1
- Förderpumpen
- 9
- Solventvorratstank
- 10
- Kondensationsraum der Wärmerekuperation
- 10.1
- Leitblech
- 10.2
- Umlenkblech
- 10.3
- Austrittsöffnung
- 10.4
- Abflussblech
- 11
- Einspritzdüsen
- 12
- Richtblech
- 13
- Mischdampfstrom
- 14
- kaltes Solvent
- 14.1
- Kondensiertes Solvent
- 14.2
- Solventdampf mit angereichertem Wasserdampf
- 14.3
- Solventleitung
- 15
- Mischdampfleitung
- 16
- Mischdampfkondensator
- 17
- Trennbehälter
- 18
- Vakuumanlage
- 19
- Öltank
- 20
- Dampfabsperrventil
- 20.1-20.7
- Solvent-Ölabsperrventile
- 20.8, 20,9
- Solventabsperrventile
- 21
- Solvent-Vakuumabsperrventil
- 22
- Wasserablassventil
- 23
- luftgekühlter Kondensator
- 23.1
- Ventilator
- 23.2
- Eintrittsöffnung
- 23.3
- Austrittsöffnung (Solventkondensat)
- 23.4
- Austrittsöffnung (Mischdampf)
- 24
- (intemer) Solventverdampfer
- 24.1
- Solventdampfaustritt
- 24.2
- Wärmeerzeuger
- 25
- Solventerhitzer
- 26
- (externer) Solventverdampfer
- 27
- Zutrittsstutzen
- 28
- Umlenkblech
- 29
- Solventdampfstrom
- 30
- Mischdampfstrom
Claims (17)
- Verfahren zur Trocknung eines Gutes (1.1), vorzugsweise von Feststoffisolationen eines elektrischen Geräts, nach der Vapour - Phase - Methode, bei dem das zumindest Wasser, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich Isolieröl sowie Verunreinigungen, enthaltende Gut (1.1) in einem Vakuumbehälter (1) bei Unterdruck durch Kondensation von Solventdampf (5.4) aufgeheizt und hierbei ein zumindest Solvent- und Wasserdampf enthaltender Mischdampfstrom (13) gebildet wird, welcher nachfolgend kondensiert wird und aus dessen Kondensat Wasser und Solvent abgeschieden werden, bei welchem Verfahren in den Vakuumbehälter (1) geführtes Solvent bei einem Druck erwärmt wird, der über dem im Vakuumbehälter (1) herrschenden Druck liegt, und das erwärmte Solvent in einen im Inneren des Vakuumbehälters (1) angeordneten Strömungskanal (5.2) eingebracht wird, in dem es verdampft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erwärmte Solvent (5.3) unter Bildung einer heissen Solventdampfströmung (5.4) in den nach Art einer Venturidüse ausgebildeten Strömungskanal (5.2) eingespritzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erwärmte Solvent (5.3) in einen durch die Venturidüse geführten Solventdampfstrom (29) eingespritzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Solventdampfstrom (29) in einem im Vakuumbehälter (1) angeordneten Verdampfer (24) erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Solventdampfstrom (29) in einem ausserhalb des Vakuumbehälters (1) angeordneten Verdampfer (26) erzeugt und durch die Wand ins Innere des Vakuumbehälters (1) geführt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erwärmte Solvent (5.3) an der Engstelle der Venturidüse in den Strömungskanal (5.2) eingespritzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Zuström- und/oder Abströmquerschnitt der Venturidüse verändert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Vakuumbehälter (1) in den Mischdampfstrom (13) kaltes Solvent (14) eingespritzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kalte Solvent (14) in Strömungsrichtung in den Mischdampfstrom (13) eingespritzt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das kalte Solvent (14) entgegen der Strömungsrichtung in den Mischdampfstrom (13) eingespritzt wird.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, enthaltend neben dem das Trocknungsgut (1.1) aufnehmenden Vakuumbehälter (1), einen Solventdampferzeuger mit einem in Inneren des Vakuumbehälters (1) angeordneten Strömungskanal (5.2) und eine Vorrichtung zum Kondensieren des Mischdampfstroms (13), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strömungskanal (5.2) nach Art einer Venturidüse ausgebildet ist, und dass der Solventdampferzeuger eine in den Strömungskanal (5.2) geführte Vorrichtung aufweist zum Einspritzen von erwärmtem Solvent.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzvorrichtung stromabwärts einer Dampfaustrittsöffnung (24.1) eines in der Vakuumkammer (1) angeordneten Solventverdampfers (24) liegt oder stromabwärts einer Dampfaustrittsöffnung (24.1) einer von aussen in den Vakuumbehälter (1) geführten Solventdampfleitung (27, 28), welche von einem ausserhalb der Vakuumkammer (1) angeordneten Solventverdampfer (26) mit Solventdampf speisbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Strömungskanal (5.2) im Bereich der Dampfaustrittsöffnung (24.1) angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einspritzvorrichtung einen mit Einspritzöffnungen (5.1) und/ oder Einspritzdüsen zumindest im Bereich der Engstelle der Venturidüse in den Strömungskanal (5.2) mündenden Solventverteilkanal (5) und/oder mindestens eine im Bereich der Engstelle der Venturidüse im Inneren des Strömungskanals (5.2) gehaltene Einspritzdüse (5.7) enthält.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Solventverteilkanal (5) als freiliegendes Rohr ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein den Strömungskanal (5.2) begrenzendes Richtblech (6) unter Veränderung des Zuström- und/oder Abströmquerschnitts des Strömungskanals (5.2) verstellbar ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Vakuumbehälter (1) ein mindestens eine Einspritzdüse (11) für kaltes Solvent und den Mischdampfstrom (13) aufnehmender Kondensationsraum (10) der Kondensationsvorrichtung angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Vakuumbehälter (1) als Gehäuse eines Transformators ausgeführt und in einem vorzugsweise mit Luft heizbaren Wärmeisolierhaus (1.5) angeordnet ist.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20040405298 EP1528342B1 (de) | 2003-10-31 | 2004-05-10 | Verfahren zur Trocknung von Gut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
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|---|---|---|---|
| EP03405783 | 2003-10-31 | ||
| EP03405783 | 2003-10-31 | ||
| EP20040405298 EP1528342B1 (de) | 2003-10-31 | 2004-05-10 | Verfahren zur Trocknung von Gut und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1528342A2 true EP1528342A2 (de) | 2005-05-04 |
| EP1528342A3 EP1528342A3 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
| EP1528342B1 EP1528342B1 (de) | 2006-08-30 |
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| EP (1) | EP1528342B1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2525178A1 (de) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-21 | Micavac AG | Verfahren zur Trocknung eines Feststoffisolationen enthaltenden Aktivteils eines mit Imprägnieröl füllbaren, elektrischen Gerätes und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
| DE102014101298A1 (de) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-06 | Inter-Consult Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen, Reinigen und Trocknen von Trocknungsgütern |
| WO2019102399A3 (es) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-10-17 | Sociedad De Ingeniería Ambiental Ltda | Equipo de extracción por solvente, que permite uso eficiente de la energía, a través de la reutilización de él o los solventes |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2148157B1 (de) | 2008-07-25 | 2013-02-27 | Paul Gmeiner | Vorrichtung zur Aufheizung und Trocknung eines Guts nach dem Vapour-Phase-Verfahren |
| EP3029403B1 (de) | 2014-12-03 | 2017-12-20 | Paul Gmeiner | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen der Feststoffisolation des Aktivteils eines elektrischen Gerätes nach der Vapour-Phase Methode |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3014831A1 (de) | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-17 | Micafil AG, 8048 Zürich | Kaskadenverdampfer fuer kondensations-trocknungsvorrichtungen |
| US20020184784A1 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2002-12-12 | Helmut Strzala | Device for preparing transformers |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1211553B (de) * | 1958-03-18 | 1966-02-24 | Konrad Kieferle | Trockner, z. B. Trocknungsschrank |
| FR1398812A (fr) * | 1964-03-24 | 1965-05-14 | Vide Soc Gen Du | Perfectionnements au séchage des matières isolantes |
| DE19608974C1 (de) * | 1996-03-08 | 1997-03-06 | Sicowa Verfahrenstech | Verfahren zum Trocknen von Beschickungsgut während seiner Druckdampfbehandlung in einem Autoklav und Autoklav hierfür |
| EP1253389B1 (de) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-11-16 | ABB Schweiz AG | Verfahren zum Trocknen eines Aktivteils und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
| US6702101B2 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2004-03-09 | Spraying Systems Co. | Blower operated airknife with air augmenting shroud |
-
2004
- 2004-05-10 EP EP20040405298 patent/EP1528342B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3014831A1 (de) | 1980-02-29 | 1981-09-17 | Micafil AG, 8048 Zürich | Kaskadenverdampfer fuer kondensations-trocknungsvorrichtungen |
| US20020184784A1 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2002-12-12 | Helmut Strzala | Device for preparing transformers |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| GMEINER P.K.: "Modern vapour drying processes and plants", MICAFIL VAKUUMTECHNIK AG, February 1992 (1992-02-01), ZÜRICH |
| MEYERS S.D.; KELLY J.J.; PARISH P.H.: "Guide to Transformer Maintenance", 1981, TRANSFORMER MAINTENANE INSTITUTE,DIVISION,S.D.MEYERS,INC.AKRON, OHIO, pages: 496 |
| OESCH G.; SCHATZL H.: "Die Solventdampftrocknung und Leistungstransformatoren", MICAFIL AG, August 1976 (1976-08-01), ZÜRICH |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2525178A1 (de) * | 2011-05-18 | 2012-11-21 | Micavac AG | Verfahren zur Trocknung eines Feststoffisolationen enthaltenden Aktivteils eines mit Imprägnieröl füllbaren, elektrischen Gerätes und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens |
| DE102014101298A1 (de) * | 2014-02-03 | 2015-08-06 | Inter-Consult Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen, Reinigen und Trocknen von Trocknungsgütern |
| DE102014101298B4 (de) | 2014-02-03 | 2019-03-14 | Inter-Consult Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen, Reinigen und Trocknen von Trocknungsgütern |
| WO2019102399A3 (es) * | 2017-11-22 | 2019-10-17 | Sociedad De Ingeniería Ambiental Ltda | Equipo de extracción por solvente, que permite uso eficiente de la energía, a través de la reutilización de él o los solventes |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1528342B1 (de) | 2006-08-30 |
| EP1528342A3 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
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