EP1527239A1 - Couche isolante pour toits plats et a pente douce, et toit plat ou a pente douce - Google Patents

Couche isolante pour toits plats et a pente douce, et toit plat ou a pente douce

Info

Publication number
EP1527239A1
EP1527239A1 EP03766360A EP03766360A EP1527239A1 EP 1527239 A1 EP1527239 A1 EP 1527239A1 EP 03766360 A EP03766360 A EP 03766360A EP 03766360 A EP03766360 A EP 03766360A EP 1527239 A1 EP1527239 A1 EP 1527239A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
elements
resistant
insulating layer
insulation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03766360A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gerd-Rüdiger Klose
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Publication of EP1527239A1 publication Critical patent/EP1527239A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1643—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure being formed by load bearing corrugated sheets, e.g. profiled sheet metal roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D11/00—Roof covering, as far as not restricted to features covered by only one of groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00; Roof covering in ways not provided for by groups E04D1/00 - E04D9/00, e.g. built-up roofs, elevated load-supporting roof coverings
    • E04D11/02—Build-up roofs, i.e. consisting of two or more layers bonded together in situ, at least one of the layers being of watertight composition
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/04—Roof drainage; Drainage fittings in flat roofs, balconies or the like
    • E04D13/0404—Drainage on the roof surface
    • E04D13/0445—Drainage channels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1687—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure the insulating material having provisions for roof drainage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulation layer for flat and gently sloping roofs, consisting of preferably cuboidal insulating material elements which have two large surfaces and four side surfaces, the large surfaces being spaced apart and running parallel to one another and connected via the side surfaces arranged in particular at right angles to one another, and one above the other and / or side by side in such a way on a supporting structure, for example a substructure made of trapezoidal steel profiles, that the side surfaces of adjacent insulation elements are arranged adjacent to one another.
  • the invention further relates to a flat or gently sloping roof for a building, in particular a building, with a supporting structure, an airtight layer resting on the supporting structure, an insulating layer of insulating material elements arranged thereon and a covering which is arranged above the insulating layer.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing an insulation layer on a flat or gently sloping roof of a building, in which an airtight layer is arranged on a supporting structure and the insulation layer made of plate-shaped insulation material elements is arranged on the airtightness layer and is covered with a covering.
  • Non-ventilated roofs usually consist of a base for the roof structure, for example made of in-situ concrete, prefabricated concrete parts, roof formwork made of wood or wood-based materials or steel trapezoidal profiles.
  • a primer is provided for the adhesion.
  • An airtight layer is arranged on the primer, which serves as an air barrier and water vapor barrier and, if appropriate, also as a water vapor barrier. The air-blocking effect of the airtight layer comes to the fore in ventilated roof structures.
  • Bitumen welding sheets with aluminum tape and glass fleece inlay, bitumen vapor barrier sheets with aluminum tape inlay, bitumen welding sheets with a material thickness of 4 or 5 mm as well as vapor barrier sheets made of polyethylene or soft polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are used.
  • a thermal insulation layer is arranged on the airtight layer, which is to be heat-insulating, temperature-resistant, shape-retaining, rot-proof, pressure-resistant, in particular tread-proof and dimensionally stable.
  • Insulation materials made of cork according to DIN 18161, phenolic rigid foam, polystyrene particle foam EPS, polystyrene extruded foam XPS, polyurethane rigid foam PUR, fiber insulation materials according to DIN 18165 and / or foam glass as insulation material for the building industry according to DIN 18174 are used.
  • a vapor pressure compensation layer is arranged above the thermal insulation layer, which forms a coherent air layer under a roof seal in order to reduce a local high vapor pressure by distributing the water vapor.
  • a roof seal is also provided, which consists of one-layer or two-layer bitumen and polymer bitumen sheets, plastic and rubber sheets or the like.
  • a layer is provided on the roof waterproofing as a surface protection, load or wear layer, for example in the form of a gravel fill, shaped concrete blocks, concrete slabs and / or earth fillings.
  • Unused roof areas are not for permanent residence intended for use by traffic or for greening. You will only enter for the purpose of maintenance and general upkeep.
  • atmospheres also act on a roof described above.
  • the roof waterproofing, the insulation layers, movable bases are subjected to high mechanical loads, which are arranged under walkable or drivable coverings as well as under green roofs.
  • roof seals that are not used and that are laid on a flat, stable, solid underlay are subjected to moderate mechanical loads.
  • Mechanical stresses result, for example, from the surface quality, for example the roughness of the support for the insulation layer or the roof seals, the construction site operation during the construction period, stresses after the construction period due to high surface pressures, especially point loads, measures for maintenance and repair, e.g. short-term loads due to walking on the surfaces , Storage of loads, installation of conductors and / or changes in shape of materials of the structural elements of the roof structure.
  • the areas that are intended for supporting the roof waterproofing and / or the other elements of the roof structure should have a slope of at least 2% for the drainage of the rainwater.
  • the slope can be inclined to the outer area of the roof in order to drain the rainwater in gutters. If the slope is aligned with an inner area of the roof surface, internal gutters are required to drain the rainwater, whereby in both cases a sufficient slope must be taken into account.
  • Roofs with a pitch of less than 2% are special constructions and therefore require special measures to reduce the risks associated with standing water.
  • standing water should also be avoided in the internal channels, although it cannot be avoided entirely.
  • the load-bearing roof shells consist of trapezoidal steel sheets which have profiled sheets which are made from sheets of different thicknesses and with different cross sections.
  • profiled sheets are overall light, stable and can bridge large distances.
  • They also have the disadvantage that they are relatively unstable and susceptible to vibrations under loads, especially with wind loads.
  • the roofs made with such steel trapezoidal sheets are generally referred to as lightweight steel roofs.
  • insulation panels made of mineral fibers, in particular rock wool and / or glass wool, have proven their worth. These insulation boards do not show any thermal changes in length and do not shrink over time, as is the case with EPS rigid foam boards, for example. In the case of large roof areas, this prevents pressures between the insulation boards up to regular displacements of the boards (board movements) depending on the repeated temperature gradients or gaping joints due to shrinkage.
  • Insulation boards made of mineral fibers are also non-combustible and only melt at temperatures above 1450 to 1500 ° C, while polystyrene rigid foam, for example, already has a melting range at approximately 125 ° C to 135 ° C.
  • the plastic the melt is also highly flammable and the density of the toxic smoke gases generated during the fire is high.
  • the elastic, springy insulation panels made of mineral fibers can also follow slight, large-area deformations of the trapezoidal steel profiles and dampen vibrations caused by internal friction. Relative movements between the individual insulation boards are absorbed in the contact areas of the neighboring insulation boards and do not lead to friction effects that can damage the insulation layer, as is the case with brittle brittle insulation boards made of hard foams, for example. Insulation boards made of hard foam must therefore be firmly glued to the support in order to reduce movements from the outset by increasing the resistance moment of the composite.
  • Insulation boards made of mineral fibers are also extremely stable due to their air permeability, since, for example, a negative pressure built up above the insulation boards by wind suction peaks is quickly compensated for.
  • Insulation materials in particular insulation boards, are made hydrophobic so that water strikes them. Furthermore, these insulation materials are not capillary active.
  • Insulation boards made of mineral fibers are used as large-format insulation boards with the standard dimensions of 2 m length, 1.2 m width and thicknesses between approx. 4 cm and approx. 18 cm and placed on trapezoidal sheets with a thickness of at least 8 cm.
  • the bulk densities of the insulation boards range from approx. 120 kg / m 3 to approx. 180 kg / m 3 .
  • the insulation boards are folded by longitudinal and vertical compression of a primary mineral fiber mass before the binders harden in order to achieve the highest possible resistance values for the compressive stress, the point load and the tensile strengths perpendicular to the large surfaces of the insulation boards. Insulation boards are also produced in which one or both zones near the surface are particularly highly compressed.
  • the zone above leads to a reduction in the specific pressure when walking or driving on the insulation layer.
  • the zone below Zone leads to an increase in the bending tensile strength and thus an increased load-bearing capacity of the insulating panels made of mineral fibers spanning a cavity between two adjacent upper chords over a lower chord of the steel trapezoidal profiles.
  • the mineral fiber insulation boards are attached to the support together with single-layer plastic or elastomer sheets, usually with the help of screws and surface-acting pressure means, particularly in the area of the upper straps of the steel trapezoidal profiles.
  • they can also be glued to the top straps of the steel trapezoidal profiles and, analogously, to concrete ceilings or elements or to the airtight layers made of bitumen, for example.
  • Bituminous seals are usually glued to the insulation boards.
  • Precipitation of the precipitation is possible if the support surface has a sufficient incline, which also allows the precipitation to drain from trough-like depressions that arise when the steel trapezoidal profiles sag between the supports. Furthermore, no water may accumulate in the roof sealing due to folds, for example in the area of overlaps of adjacent roof sealing sheets or the like.
  • the precipitation is collected in transverse channels arranged below the lower roof edges and drained off via downspouts.
  • the surfaces of the roof covering elements themselves form gutter-like processes, in addition there are verge coverings on the side so that only a little water can overflow on the side.
  • the precipitation can also be drained off by means of drains arranged in the inner area of the roof surfaces, so-called roof guli.
  • a flat sloping roof is usually delimited all around by an attic. Roofs with larger areas can also be divided by firewalls that extend beyond the roof waterproofing. These firewalls divide the surface of the roof into individual sections for the purpose of preventive fire protection.
  • a counter-gradient is created away from the parapet or the firewall.
  • the counter-gradient can be adjusted by means of fillings below the insulation layer or by means of corresponding shaped bodies lying on the insulation layer and having a wedge-shaped cross section. For this purpose, so-called counter slope plates made of mineral fibers are used, which are placed on the insulation layer and mechanically fastened together with this and the roof sealing.
  • counter slope plates In addition to screwing these counter slope plates, it is also possible to glue such counter slope plates or molded articles made of foam glass to the insulation layer. If the counter-slope slabs are not glued to the insulation layer underneath, they should not run out to a thickness of zero millimeters, as this creates a very thin edge that is low in strength and damaged or destroyed during processing under rough construction site conditions. In this way Damaged or destroyed edges then represent collection points for rainwater.
  • the intact edges of the counter-slope slabs above the insulation layer level thus form a kind of boundary in front of which the rainwater runs off, which can run to the side in the direction of the roof drainage openings arranged in a line, depending on the slope of the insulation layer or the roof.
  • trapezoidal shaped parts made of mineral fibers are either placed directly on the support or, in the case of a support made of trapezoidal steel profiles, on large-format insulation boards. Such shaped parts can be used to produce roofs with a slope of 2%.
  • the molded parts consist of a mineral fiber body, in which the individual fibers are folded up steeply and which has an approximately 20 mm high, highly compressed and thus pressure-distributing surface zone. The molded parts are arranged one behind the other with increasing thicknesses in the downward direction and offset from row to row.
  • a modular system consisting of fifteen molded parts in which the molded part with the lowest height has a thickness between 35 and 53 mm and the molded part with the greatest height has a height between 287 mm and 305 mm, the molded parts correspondingly having a length of 900 mm have.
  • the molded parts with their gradient directions are turned against and against each other turns misplaced so that ridges and throats arise. Miter cuts can be used to form four partial surfaces that are inclined inwards or outwards.
  • the molded parts arranged in the area of the channels with low height are subject to increased loads when they are repeatedly walked on or driven onto their edge areas, which can lead to destruction after a short time. This risk is lower for molded parts with greater heights. Small troughs can form in such damaged molded parts, which together with the roof sealing sheets unfolded as a result hinder the drainage of rainwater, so that puddles form in which dirt can also collect, which can serve as a breeding ground for microorganisms. Such accumulations of rainwater thus represent physical, chemical and, with the help of microorganisms or lower plants, also biological attacks on the roof waterproofing.
  • Insulation materials made from mineral fibers are therefore only used for unused roof surfaces, since the insulation panels lose their strength significantly when the roof surfaces are repeatedly walked on or driven on, especially with push carts, sack trolleys. This loss of strength has negative effects on the resistance of both the mechanically fastened and the glued insulation boards and / or other structural elements of the roof. Ultimately, the lifespan of the roof is significantly reduced. Even if the area of the roof as a whole is not used, parts of the roof in the area of the attics or the entrances from the stairwells to the roof must already be considered used during the construction phase. In addition, ventilation systems, flue gas flaps, air conditioning units or the like are installed on many flat and gently sloping roofs, which require regular inspection and / or maintenance.
  • the invention is based on the task of creating an insulation layer and a roof which does not have the above disadvantages and which enables the production of an at least partially accessible roof with an insulation layer made of mineral fibers at a reasonable cost. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing such an insulating layer on a flat or gently sloping roof.
  • the solution to this problem according to the invention provides in the case of an insulation layer that, at least in some areas, pressure-resistant elements are arranged between the dam elements made of mineral fibers and have a thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.060 W / mK, the areas being accessible and / or passable areas are trained.
  • the invention therefore provides that elements in the form of, for example, plates or moldings made of pressure-resistant substances between the insulation elements, at least in used parts of the flat or flat-inclined roof or in parts that are critical against changes in shape, such as in the area of drainage channels Mineral fibers are arranged that allow access to these sub-areas without the insulation layer being damaged or destroyed.
  • These elements have a low thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.060 W / mK in order to keep the transmission heat losses low and to avoid the formation of thermal bridges.
  • the strength of these elements is selected in such a way that they can be used in thin layers in combination with insulation elements made from mineral fibers, without a higher thermal conductivity of these elements having a significant negative impact on the insulation result of the insulation layer.
  • the elements are preferably non-combustible, so that a construction is formed whose safety concept corresponds to a roof surface insulated with mineral wool insulation materials, for example on profiled sheets.
  • the insulation layer must on the one hand be non-combustible and, on the other hand, should not melt or strongly sinter in the event of a fire before the steel trapezoidal profiles or another contact surface or substructure fails.
  • Elements made of phenolic resin foam (PF) in accordance with DIN EN 13166 can therefore be used, which have sufficient compressive, bending tensile and transverse tensile strength as well as the required fire safety, since rigid foam panels made from phenolic resin foam are flame-retardant and do not melt. Furthermore, the elements can be formed from foam glass and / or sintered expanded glass.
  • foam glass is a closed-cell insulation material that is foamed from silicate glass by adding blowing agents.
  • DIN EN 13167, October 2001 edition specifies the specifications for factory-made elements made of foam glass. Such elements designed as shaped bodies are classified according to their compressive strength from> 400 to> 1600 kPa.
  • Corresponding moldings are known, for example, from DE 197 12 835 A1, which consist of mixtures of expanded glass granules and sodium water glass, which are correspondingly deformed and sintered at higher temperatures.
  • the bulk densities of these moldings are approx. 150 to 500 kg / m 3
  • the thermal conductivity is specified as approx. 0.078 to approx. 0.13 W / m K
  • the compressive strengths reach approx. 1 MPa to approx. 10 MPa.
  • the water vapor diffusion resistance number of the moldings acc. DIN 52612 can be set between 20 - ⁇ , ie from steam-braking to -blocking.
  • the bending strength is high at 0.7 N / mm 2 .
  • the shaped bodies can be machined after sintering, that is to say by drilling, sawing or milling.
  • the pressure-resistant elements consist of at least two layers, of which one layer is made of mineral fibers and one layer is pressure-resistant.
  • Such elements have the advantage that on the one hand they are accessible and on the other hand they have the required insulation properties.
  • the pressure-resistant elements can also consist of highly compressed mineral wool or have a combination of the materials mentioned above. In this case too, the use of high-density mineral wool is advantageous, since on the one hand the accessibility and on the other hand a high insulation effect is guaranteed.
  • the pressure-resistant elements have a pressure resistance of ⁇ 400 kPa, in particular 1600 kPa.
  • Such compressive strengths are also suitable for driving onto a roof surface formed with such pressure-resistant elements with vehicles, for example hand trucks or other devices which serve to transport stacks of plates.
  • the pressure-resistant element has a recess in the area of its surface facing away from the structure, which is in particular grooved and / or channel-shaped.
  • a pressure-resistant element is particularly suitable for draining rainwater and can be used without any problems, particularly in the area of roof drains.
  • the insulating layer it is provided that at least the insulating material elements adjoining the long sides of the pressure-resistant elements have a slope towards the pressure-resistant elements in the area of their surfaces facing away from the supporting structure. Such a gradient ensures that the rainwater collecting on the dam elements immediately flows into the area of the pressure-resistant elements, from where the rainwater can be fed to either a roof drain or a gutter.
  • the correspondingly provided insulation elements are further developed in that the slope is formed by slope insulation panels that have different material thicknesses in the area of their two parallel side surfaces. Such sloping insulation panels are therefore wedge-shaped.
  • the pressure-resistant elements have side surfaces that have a smaller width than the side surfaces of the insulation material elements adjoining them. This ensures that the rainwater is not dammed up at the transition from the insulation elements to the pressure-resistant elements in the area of an edge formation.
  • the recess of the pressure-resistant elements is designed to be inclined flat towards its side edges.
  • the recess preferably has a rounded channel bottom which has an improved drainage capacity for the rainwater.
  • the pressure-resistant elements are made of highly compressed mineral wrap, it has proven to be advantageous to use such a highly compressed mineral wool which has a bulk density of 100 to 300 kg / m 3 , in particular between 150 and 210 kg / m 3 . It is also advantageous if the pressure-resistant elements consist of mineral fibers which have a fiber course at right angles to the large surfaces of the elements, since this also increases the pressure resistance at right angles to the large surfaces.
  • the reinforcement pad is preferably formed from a thin metal sheet with, for example, 0.5 to 0.75 mm material thickness, a lamination and / or a plastic element, in particular from hard polyvinyl chloride.
  • a reinforcement pad serves on the one hand to improve the compressive strength of the pressure-resistant element and on the other hand has the advantage that the reinforcement pad has a smooth surface which advantageously influences the runoff of the rainwater.
  • a ceramic element with the so-called lotus effect can also be used here, for example, in which the outflow of water is positively influenced by a correspondingly roughened surface.
  • the reinforcement pad can have a coating which has a positive effect on the droplets of water droplets, for example in the form of a wax layer, which is hydrophobic and consequently leads to the water droplets dropping off.
  • the reinforcement support In order to connect the reinforcement support to the pressure-resistant element, it has proven to be advantageous to design the reinforcement support with bevels which at least partially rest on the side surfaces running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction. If, in addition, webs which are aligned with one another on the folds are provided, these can preferably be insertable into grooves in the side surfaces of the pressure-resistant element. In this way, the pressure-resistant elements with the reinforcement pads can be manufactured in a simple and cost-effective manner at the factory and made available for immediate installation on the construction site.
  • the pressure-resistant elements have a sandwich-like design and have at least one pressure-resistant layer and at least one layer of mineral fibers, it having proven advantageous to combine two external pressure-resistant layers with a middle layer of mineral fibers.
  • the outer pressure-resistant layers protect the at least slightly resilient middle layer of mineral fibers against damage or destruction.
  • At least one pressure-resistant element has an opening at right angles to the large surfaces for receiving a drainage element.
  • a pressure-resistant element is provided for receiving, for example, a drainage roof drain.
  • the opening is in particular designed to widen in the shape of a truncated cone in order to enable a simple sealing of the roof gully used in the opening.
  • the drainage element is preferably tubular and has a flange resting on the pressure-resistant element in the opening.
  • the pressure-resistant element with the opening for the drainage element is at least one channel-shaped; has recess opening into the opening. This configuration serves to improve the discharge of rainwater so that it does not accumulate in front of the gully, for example on a protruding edge.
  • the insulation layer is easier to assemble in that the pressure-resistant element with the opening for the drainage element is divided into several segments.
  • the insulation layer can also be installed in a simple manner if the drainage element is already installed without the pressure-resistant elements having to be processed.
  • the opening which widens in the shape of a truncated cone to a surface has a side surface which is straight or convexly curved.
  • At least the pressure-resistant elements are preferably connected to the structure, in particular glued, so that a movement of the pressure-resistant elements relative to the structure is prevented. At the same time, this also fixes the insulation elements in place.
  • the fixation of the pressure-resistant elements is also advantageous in addition to their connection to drainage elements in order to prevent the precipitation water from flowing off in the area between the outer surface of the drainage element and a side surface of the pressure-resistant element.
  • the supporting structure consists of metal elements with a trapezoidal cross-section, which have upper and lower chords, which are preferably parallel are aligned in a continuous manner, the pressure-resistant elements resting on at least two adjacent top chords and aligned with their longitudinal axes parallel to the longitudinal axes of the metal elements.
  • bead fillers are arranged below the pressure-resistant elements above the lower chords, which are formed, for example, from stable mineral wool insulation materials, pearlite fillings, aerated concrete moldings or the like. These bead fillers support the pressure-resistant elements and prevent them from being pushed through or punched through under high point loads in the area of the lower chords. Such loads can arise, for example, from conductors placed on the insulation layer.
  • the roof is further developed according to the invention in that the airtight layer consists of bitumen sheets welded to one another, which are preferably glued to the upper chords of the metal elements and in particular have inserted metal strips which are oriented, for example, at right angles to the upper chords.
  • bitumen membranes in this area leads to simple and therefore inexpensive processing of the individual components of the roof.
  • insulating material elements in particular in the form of large-sized insulating boards made of mineral fibers, are arranged between the pressure-resistant elements and the supporting structure.
  • the arrangement of large-format insulation boards made of mineral fibers means that high construction progress can be achieved in the area of the first insulation, so that the supporting structure can be covered very quickly before the pressure-resistant elements and the further insulation boards are subsequently installed.
  • a method for producing an insulation layer on a flat or gently sloping roof of a building in which an airtight layer on a supporting structure and the insulation layer made of plate-shaped insulating material elements on the airtight layer is arranged, which is covered with a covering, pressure-resistant elements, in particular in the form of at least one catwalk, being arranged after the airtight layer has been placed on the supporting structure before the remaining surfaces are covered with the insulating material elements.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably further developed in that the pressure-resistant elements are arranged on a thermal insulation layer made of large-format insulation panels made of mineral fibers and arranged beforehand on the airtight layer.
  • the pressure-resistant elements are connected, in particular glued, to the large-format insulating boards made of mineral fibers.
  • the large-format insulation boards made of mineral fibers are arranged in frames made of thicker insulation boards, in particular made of mineral fibers and / or slope insulation boards, preferably made of mineral fibers.
  • Figure 1 shows a section of a flat roof with an insulation layer in a sectional side view shown
  • Figure 2 shows a pressure-resistant element for the insulation layer according to Figure 1 in cross section
  • FIG. 3 shows two pressure-resistant elements arranged next to one another in accordance with
  • Figure 2 in longitudinal section along the section line III - III in Figure Figure 4 shows a portion of a flat roof according to Figure 1 in plan view;
  • FIG. 5 shows a first embodiment of a drainage device in a roof according to FIG. 4 in a side view shown in section along the section line IV-IV in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a drainage device in a roof according to FIG. 4 in a sectional side view along section line IV-IV in FIGS. 4 and
  • FIG. 7 shows a section of an insulation layer for a flat roof according to FIG. 1 in a sectional side view.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section, namely an edge section of a roof 1 with an insulation layer 2.
  • the roof 1 consists of a structure 3, which consists of trapezoidal steel profiles.
  • the steel trapezoidal profiles have parallel lower chords 5 and upper chords 6.
  • the structure 3 connects to an attic 7.
  • a film 8 is placed as an airtight layer, which consists of several film webs arranged next to one another and connected to one another.
  • the film 8 is arranged on a perpendicularly oriented surface 9 of the parapet 7 and is held in a clamping manner between an insulating plate 10 made of mineral fibers and the surface 9.
  • the insulation layer 2 is arranged, which consists of plate-shaped insulation elements 11 made of mineral fibers.
  • pressure-resistant elements 13 are arranged, the compressive strength of which is higher than the compressive strength of the insulation elements 11 and which have a thermal conductivity 0,0 0.060 W / mK.
  • These pressure-resistant elements 13 form the partial area 12 as a walkable and / or passable surface 14.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 consist of highly compressed mineral wool and have a compressive strength of 1700 kPa.
  • each pressure-resistant element 13 has a recess 15 which is channel-shaped. On both sides of the recess 15, the pressure-resistant element 13 has surface sections 16 which are arranged slightly inclined in the direction of the recess 15.
  • a slope insulation plate 17 is arranged on the insulation element 11, which has a slope from the insulation plate 10 to the pressure-resistant element 13. It can also be seen that the material thickness of the pressure-resistant element 13 is less than the material thickness of the insulating material elements 11 arranged on both sides of the pressure-resistant element 13.
  • the pressure-resistant element 13 made of highly compressed mineral wool has a bulk density of 200 kg / m 3 .
  • the mineral fibers in the pressure-resistant element 13 are arranged at right angles to the surface 14 and in this arrangement increase the pressure resistance of the pressure-resistant element 13.
  • the pressure-resistant element 13 is shown in a further embodiment in FIG.
  • this pressure-resistant element 13 has a reinforcement pad 18 made of a thin metal sheet, which has a material thickness of 0.5 mm.
  • the reinforcement pad 18 is arranged on the surface with the recess 15, the reinforcement pad 18 following the course of this surface.
  • the reinforcement pad 18 has two bevels 19 which are aligned parallel to one another and are arranged adjacent to side surfaces 20 of the pressure-resistant element 13. At these bevels 19, webs 21 arranged at right angles can be provided for this purpose, which can be inserted into corresponding grooves of the pressure-resistant element 13. These grooves are arranged in the side surfaces 20 and have a width which corresponds to the material thickness of the reinforcement support 18 in the region of the webs 21.
  • the reinforcement pad 18, which consists of a thin metal sheet, is resistant to corrosion, for example by galvanized or a plastic coating protected and has a smooth surface that improves the runoff of rainwater in the region of the recess 15.
  • Such a reinforcement support 18 is shown in FIG. 2 with only one web 21, which simplifies the assembly of the reinforcement support on the pressure-resistant element in the case in which the reinforcement support 18 has a high degree of flexural rigidity.
  • corresponding webs 21 can be arranged on both bevels 19, which are then directed towards one another.
  • FIG. 3 shows two pressure-resistant elements 13 which are arranged one behind the other on the film 8 in such a way that their narrow sides are arranged in a sealing manner.
  • the respective reinforcement pads 18 have a length that is greater than the length of the pressure-resistant element 13, so that the reinforcement pad 18 protrudes over a narrow side of the pressure-resistant element 13 and on the reinforcement pad 18 of the adjacent pressure-resistant element 13 rests.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 are to be arranged in accordance with the gradient direction shown as arrow 22 such that the overlapping area of the reinforcement pad 18 of each pressure-resistant element 13 is oriented in the direction of the arrow 22 and thus the gradient direction.
  • the protruding area of the reinforcement pad 18 of a pressure-resistant element 13 thus lies on the reinforcement pad 18 of the adjacent pressure-resistant element 13.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a surface section of a roof 1, the steel trapezoidal profiles 4 and the film 8 arranged thereon being shown in the left part of FIG.
  • a layer of large-format insulation boards 23 is arranged, which consist of mineral fibers and laid in a bond form a lower region of the insulation layer 2.
  • a section that can be walked or driven over is formed in the partial area 12, which consists of pressure-resistant elements 13, the pressure-resistant elements 13 being arranged in a line next to one another and on the large-format insulation boards 23 rest.
  • These pressure-resistant elements 13 can be designed, for example, in accordance with FIG. 2.
  • the area next to the pressure-resistant elements 13 is filled in accordance with FIG. 1 with insulation elements 11, which likewise rest on the large-format insulation boards 23 and are not shown in more detail in FIG.
  • a drainage element 24 with which the rainwater collected in the partial area 12 is drained off from the roof surface of the roof 1.
  • the drainage element 24 is inserted into an opening 25 in a pressure-resistant element 13 (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
  • Such a pressure-resistant element 13 with an opening 25 for receiving the drainage element 25 can in principle be designed according to FIG. 2, as can also be seen from FIG. 6.
  • An alternative embodiment of such a pressure-resistant element 13 is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the pressure-resistant element 13 according to FIG. 5 is provided for arrangement at the end of a partial area 12, so that the rainwater is only guided from one direction, namely along the recess 15 arranged in the pressure-resistant elements 13 into the area of the drainage element 24.
  • the pressure-resistant element 13 according to FIG. 5 has a funnel-shaped wall 26 which is open to the recess 15 of the pressure-resistant elements 13 adjoining it. The rainwater supplied to the drainage element 24 is conducted through the wall 26 into the drainage element 24.
  • a first element 28 with a T-shaped cross section is inserted into an opening 27 in the supporting structure 3, namely a steel trapezoidal profile 4, which element rests with a collar 29 on at least one upper flange 6 of a steel trapezoidal profile 4.
  • the large-sized insulation panels 23 are arranged, which have a recess 30 corresponding to the collar 29, so that they rest over the entire surface on the upper straps 6 of the steel trapezoidal profiles 4 and the collar 29 of the T-shaped element 28.
  • a sealing film 31 is arranged between the collar 29 and the insulation panels 23.
  • the drainage element 24 protrudes, which is tubular and has at its end facing the recess 15 an annular projection 32 which rests on a shoulder 33 incorporated in the pressure-resistant element 13 and with a film 34 opposite the recess 15 is sealed in the pressure-resistant element 13.
  • the film 34 is full-surface with the surface of the pressure-resistant. Element 13 glued in the region of the recess 15.
  • annular seal 25 is arranged between the outer wall of the drainage element 24 and the inner wall of the T-shaped element, which enables the T-shaped element 28 to move relative to the drainage element 24.
  • Such a relative movement can be caused, for example, by thermal expansion of the different materials.
  • the pressure-resistant element 13 and the insulation material elements 11 arranged adjacent to it are glued to the large-format insulation panels 23.
  • an adhesive layer 35 is provided.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a drainage element 24 in a roof 1, here the drainage element 24 being arranged in a continuous channel-shaped channel of the pressure-resistant elements 13, so that the rainwater both from the laterally arranged dam material elements 1 and in the direction of the Image plane can flow to the drainage element 24.
  • a roof seal 36 is shown here, which covers the insulation elements 11 and the pressure-resistant elements 13 and consists, for example, of bitumen sheets welded together.
  • FIG. 7 shows an alternative embodiment of an insulation layer 2, in which case the pressure-resistant elements 13 are partially designed as wedge-shaped bodies.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 are arranged on the large-format insulation panels 23, which, with the interposition of the film 8 designed as an airtight layer, on the supporting structure 3, namely the upper straps 6 of the steel trapezoidal le 4 lie on.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 are covered by the roof seal 36, which consists of a plurality of bitumen sheets arranged next to one another, the adjacent bitumen sheets being arranged to overlap in such a way that the bitumen sheets overlap with their edge areas in the downward direction and the lower bitumen sheet in the downward direction is arranged below the upper bitumen sheet ,
  • the roof seal 36 is arranged on a fleece 37 made of plastic fibers.
  • these pressure-resistant elements 13 are glued to the large-format insulating boards 23 made of mineral fibers arranged below them by means of an adhesive layer 35.
  • the large-format insulation boards 23 are connected to the supporting structure 3 in the area below the pressure-resistant elements 13 designed as wedge-shaped shaped bodies, namely glued to the film 8 with an adhesive layer 38.
  • a screwing of the large-format insulation boards 23 to the top chords 6 of the steel trapezoidal profiles 4 can also be provided here.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 consist of phenolic resin, foam glass or sintered glass. Mixtures of materials from this are also conceivable.
  • the flow of rain is usually influenced by a counter-gradient in its flow direction by means of wedge-shaped plates placed or glued onto the layer of large-format insulation boards 23 and fed to the drainage element.
  • the recess 15 formed in the pressure-resistant elements 13 is designed as a groove and can have different shapes.
  • the flanks of the recess 15 are preferably inclined relatively flat in order to facilitate the flushing in or preferably the discharge of solids. At the same time, they only offer a flat angle of attack when deposits freeze or contract as a result of drying out.
  • the flat flanks and the rounded bottom of the recess 15 are also subjected to less edge loading when walking or driving on carts or the like.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 can be flush with the adjacent insulating material elements 11.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 has the advantage that the compressibility of the insulating material elements 11, which increases with time, is taken into account, or edge loads on the pressure-resistant elements 13 are avoided or at least reduced.
  • roof 1 is made with a roof sealing 36 made of bitumen roofing membranes, reinforcement pads 18 are generally not necessary, since the bitumen roofing membranes glued on provide a certain surface protection due to their stiffening effect.
  • these pressure-resistant elements 13 can be formed from foam glass or sintered expanded glass.
  • the reinforcement pads 18 made of thin sheets or foils serve more to protect plastic or elastomer sheets.
  • the channel-forming surfaces of the pressure-resistant elements 13 can, however, also be covered or filled with a smear of bitumen or, for example, adhesive mortar, fillers or the like.
  • a transverse gradient in the channels of the pressure-resistant elements 13 can be combined with an insulating layer made of wedge-shaped shaped bodies and having a gradient are formed, the bearing surface of which is adapted to the shape of the channel of the pressure-resistant elements 13.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 In order to ensure stable positioning of the pressure-resistant elements 13, they must be wide enough that they rest on the non-load-bearing foils 8 and when laid parallel to the profile direction of the load-bearing structure 3 from the steel trapezoidal profiles 4 at least on two adjacent top chords 6.
  • the pressure-resistant elements 13 can further be supported by load-bearing bead fillers made of, for example, mineral wool insulation materials, pearlite fillings, aerated concrete moldings or the like, which are inserted into the so-called deep beads between adjacent upper chords 6 above a lower chord 5.
  • the film 8 applied as an airtight layer consists of bitumen strips welded together and glued to the upper straps 6 of the steel trapezoidal profiles 4 with inserted metal strips, a sufficient load-bearing capacity can be assumed. With full-surface structures 3 made of concrete, aerated concrete, wooden formwork, etc., a stable positioning is given from the start.
  • thinner pressure-resistant elements 13 can be connected with correspondingly thick insulation panels 23 to form sufficiently high elements.
  • the use of such molded parts or composite elements usually presupposes that they are laid out before the actual insulation layer 2 is installed and, if necessary, on the. the airtight layer (film 8).
  • film 8 the airtight layer
  • the channel-shaped, pressure-resistant elements 13 are then laid on the thinner insulation boards 23, if necessary glued to them, and the free areas up to the borders are covered or supplemented with correspondingly thick boards.
  • the drainage elements 24, which are designed as roof drains, consist of a lower part designed as a T-shaped element 28 and an upper part in the form of an extension tube with a protrusion 32 attached.
  • a sheet is placed on the upper chords 6 in order to produce a sufficient bearing surface on steel trapezoidal profiles 4 the steel trapezoidal profiles 4 attached, which has a central bore.
  • the lower part of the drainage element 24 is placed or glued to this sheet with its circumferential projection 32. If the projection 32 is dimensioned sufficiently large, it can replace the additional support plate.
  • the projection 32 is connected in an airtight manner to the film 8 designed as an airtight layer.
  • the drainage element 24 is framed with molded parts, the molded parts on the one hand being closely matched to the drainage element 24 and on the other hand having the shape of the channel in the pressure-resistant elements 13.
  • the molded parts are preferably made of mineral wool and have a certain compressibility.
  • the projection 32 of the drainage element 24 has a curvature which corresponds to the shape of the channel in the pressure-resistant elements 13.
  • the drainage element 24 can be provided at the factory with a collar made of a roof sealing film, which forms the roof seal.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une couche isolante (2) pour toits (1) plats et à pente douce, qui comprend des éléments en matériau isolant (11) de préférence parallélépipédiques, présentant deux surfaces étendues et quatre surfaces latérales, les surfaces étendues étant à distance mutuelle et parallèles, et interconnectées par l'intermédiaire des surfaces latérales disposées en particulier à angle droit les unes par rapport aux autres. Lesdites surfaces étendues sont disposées les unes au-dessus des autres sur une structure porteuse (3), par exemple une infrastructure en profilés trapézoïdaux en acier (4), de sorte que les surfaces latérales d'éléments en matériau isolant soient adjacentes. Des éléments plus résistants à la compression (13) par rapport aux éléments en matériau isolant en fibres minérales sont disposés, au moins dans une zone partielle (12), entre les éléments en matériau isolant, qui présentent une conductivité thermique inférieure ou égale à 0,060 W/mK. La zone partielle se présente sous forme de surface (14) pouvant être empruntée par un individu et/ou un véhicule.
EP03766360A 2002-08-01 2003-07-30 Couche isolante pour toits plats et a pente douce, et toit plat ou a pente douce Withdrawn EP1527239A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10236147 2002-08-01
DE10236147 2002-08-01
DE10333679 2003-07-24
DE10333679 2003-07-24
PCT/EP2003/008420 WO2004013431A1 (fr) 2002-08-01 2003-07-30 Couche isolante pour toits plats et a pente douce, et toit plat ou a pente douce

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1527239A1 true EP1527239A1 (fr) 2005-05-04

Family

ID=31496743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03766360A Withdrawn EP1527239A1 (fr) 2002-08-01 2003-07-30 Couche isolante pour toits plats et a pente douce, et toit plat ou a pente douce

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1527239A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003251670A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10393008D2 (fr)
PL (1) PL375410A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004013431A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK153899B (da) * 1984-02-24 1988-09-19 Rockwool Int Isolerende tagdaekning.
US4719723A (en) * 1985-10-03 1988-01-19 Wagoner John D Van Thermally efficient, protected membrane roofing system
US5222337A (en) * 1988-09-26 1993-06-29 Rockwool International A/S Insulation of flat roofs and simultaneous construction of a gradient for positive drainage of the roofing placed on the insulation
DE4404153A1 (de) * 1994-02-10 1995-08-17 Zambelli Fertigungs Gmbh & Co Wärmedämmung für Dacheindeckungen aus Profilmetallbahnen
DE4415181A1 (de) * 1994-04-29 1995-11-02 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Unterdach für mit Dacheindeckungsplatten eingedeckte Dächer, sowie Verfahren zu seinem Errichten
DE4418890A1 (de) * 1994-05-30 1995-12-14 Proeckl Gerthold Dipl Ing Fh Unterkonstruktion für zweischalige Dachsysteme
DE19712835C3 (de) 1997-03-26 2002-05-08 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Formkörper aus einem Leichtwerkstoff, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
DE19825044A1 (de) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-09 Thermodach Dachtechnik Gmbh Dämmplatte zur Wärmedämmung eines Daches
DE19922592A1 (de) * 1999-05-17 2000-11-23 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Dämmstoffelement aus Mineralwolle sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung desselben

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2004013431A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL375410A1 (en) 2005-11-28
AU2003251670A1 (en) 2004-02-23
DE10393008D2 (de) 2005-08-11
WO2004013431A1 (fr) 2004-02-12

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