EP1526332A2 - Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse - Google Patents
Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1526332A2 EP1526332A2 EP20040023823 EP04023823A EP1526332A2 EP 1526332 A2 EP1526332 A2 EP 1526332A2 EP 20040023823 EP20040023823 EP 20040023823 EP 04023823 A EP04023823 A EP 04023823A EP 1526332 A2 EP1526332 A2 EP 1526332A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- injection nozzle
- fuel injection
- air
- nozzle according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
- F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
- F23D11/106—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet
- F23D11/107—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting at the burner outlet at least one of both being subjected to a swirling motion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
- F23D2900/11101—Pulverising gas flow impinging on fuel from pre-filming surface, e.g. lip atomizers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel injector according to the features of the preamble of the main claim.
- the invention relates to a fuel injector for a gas turbine combustor with a film former, on which a plurality of fuel openings formed are.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic side sectional view of a Combustion chamber 10 with associated fuel injection.
- a schematic view of the supply of air to a inner swirler 14 and an outer swirler 15 are shown.
- the fuel-air mixture 13 flows in a known manner in the combustion chamber 10 a.
- the stabilization of the combustion takes place almost exclusively with air swirl, which is a recirculation of partially combusted gases allows.
- the fuel is often centrally through a nozzle introduced, which mounted on the center axis of the atomizer is.
- the fuel is often with considerable Overpressure injected into the air flow enough to Penetration to achieve and as much air with fuel to be able to premix.
- These pressure atomizers have to one the function to directly atomize fuel.
- the fuel gets through the air on a nebulizer lip accelerated and at the downstream end of this lip Torn into small drops and mixed with the air.
- a another way of putting the fuel on this nebulizer lip to raise, consists with a so-called film depositor, wherein Fuel is distributed as uniformly as possible in a film.
- FIG. 2 Another way of keeping the fuel as intense as possible to mix with a large part of the air, consists in one decentralized injection (Fig. 2) from the outer boundary a flow channel formed by a film feeder 1, which the majority of the air leads. This can be from a nebulizer lip or else from the outer nozzle contour.
- This injection is characterized in that, different as with a film-maker, the fuel is one defined Penetration into the main air flow should learn.
- the fuel nozzles are often through one in the radial direction very uneven velocity and mass flow distribution characterized. Due to the swirl of the air, which needed to stabilize the subsequent combustion is, the local air mass flow in the area of the radial outer boundary wall largest. Is the fuel out a few openings introduced into the flow, on the one hand the homogeneity of the fuel in the air in the circumferential direction impaired, on the other hand, the fuel can be very penetrate deeply into the flow and thus unintentionally in Regions mix and vaporize where not sufficient Air is available. This can also be done with a decentralized Injection occur.
- the invention is based on the object, a fuel injector to create the type mentioned, which at simple construction and reliable operation a uniform Mixing of fuel and air ensured.
- This essentially Parallel arrangement can also be up to a range of the absolute Diverge in parallelism through an acute angle is marked. Purely for structural reasons, it is not always possible, the fuel injection completely parallel perform. According to the invention, it is important that the fuel injection has a high axial component and the fuel thus not injected radially.
- the fuel openings may be on a radially inner wall
- the filmmaker can be created, but you can also at a Leave the rear edge of the same.
- the film-maker or the area of injection of the fuel is preferably arranged between two swirlers.
- the fuel openings in addition are inclined in the twisting direction of the air, i. an additional Have circumferential component. This can be in the same direction or be formed in the counter-twist. Furthermore, it is according to the invention possible, the fuel ports single row, multi-row, to arrange flush with each other or staggered to each other.
- the film-maker can also be designed like a lamella be to even better mixing of the air-fuel mixture to reach.
- Fig. 3 shows a simplified representation of a section by the film applicator 1 according to the invention, wherein fuel openings 2, in particular fuel bores 3, shown are whose center axes 5 by an angle ⁇ to the main flow direction 6 (wall-near flow direction in the inner swirl duct) are inclined.
- the reference numeral 16 shows a hired wall element of Filmlegers 1
- the reference numeral 17 shows an aerodynamic adapted film layer surface.
- the reference numeral 21 is a fuel line shown.
- the invention avoids the unwanted intrusion of the liquid Fuel in areas with low flow rates and the associated uneven fuel-air mixture.
- a proposed embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 shown.
- the fuel is here at a film layer not radially inward, i. with a high radial component the exit velocity of the fuel into an inner Injected swirl channel. Rather, in the proposed concept a high axial component of the exit velocity the fuel is present and the fuel is approaching parallel to the main flow direction of the inner swirl duct brought in.
- Fig. 3 are schematically the fuel ports as well as the Ausdüsung of the fuel shown.
- the fuel is initially through the openings shown over a hired against the air flow direction Angle ⁇ injected, which is formed as an acute angle.
- Angle ⁇ injected which is formed as an acute angle.
- the fuel openings in the circumferential direction arranged in the same or counter-rotation to the air flow be.
- the shape of the openings can also be different be executed, i. round, elliptical, etc.
- Construction will be the development of a fuel film in a radially very limited flow layer guaranteed. At the trailing edge of the filmmaker rips the Fuel film decreases and is accelerated by the presence of and twisted air from the outer and inner Flow channel homogeneously mixed.
- FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the invention provides the injection of the fuel at the trailing edge of a flow divider between two swirlers before (Fig. 4).
- the speed maxima the accelerated and twisted in the swirl generator Air is near the wall of the formed flow divider, i.e. in the outer flow of the boundary layer both sides of the flow divider.
- Figs. 7 and 8 show the axial acceleration of the flow in the wake of the trailing edge of the flow divider, where x is the axial distance from the trailing edge of the flow divider is.
- FIG. 15 is to schematically illustrated a variant of the filmmaker.
- a Aero engine is aimed at different mass air flows To bring together loss as possible to a total flow.
- the mixture should be in the proposed burner concept however, to an improved mixture formation by a three-dimensional mixing of a twisted air stream with a partially premixed with air fuel flow to lead.
- the twisted air from the outer channel periodically penetrates into the inner channel through the shaping one. With an injection of the fuel in the inner or outer Spinal canal develops as the residence time increases downstream of the coater a fuel-air mixture. This Mixture may also be due to the shaping in the inner Penetrate swirl channel.
- the film layer can thus produce a flow layer be in a very intense mixture of the fuel-air mixture from the inner canal and pure air mixing can be done from the outer swirl duct or vice versa.
- the uniform temperature field with low absolute temperatures and low nitrogen oxide levels.
- Another feature the embodiment shown in Fig. 15 can also be a Flange-adapted spiral geometry of the lamellar film layer be in which the lamellar geometry correspondingly effective adapted to the air swirl near the wall of the filmmaker.
- the advantage of the invention is thus a practice-relevant solution the problem of premixing fuel homogeneously with air and this with as few, relatively large fuel ports a defined and not too large penetration depth of the Fuel into the air flow to achieve.
- Overall goal is the reduction of nitrogen oxide ejection of the gas turbine combustor with a robust and technically feasible fuel injection configuration.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Spray-Type Burners (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- eine schematische Darstellung eines Längsschnitts durch eine erfindungsgemäße Gasturbinenbrennkammer,
- Fig. 2
- eine Kraftstoffdüse mit dezentraler, nach innen gerichteter Kraftstoffeinspritzung nach dem Stand der Technik mit entsprechender Verdeutlichung des Details,
- Fig. 3
- eine erste erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltungsform einer Kraftstoffdüse mit dezentraler Einspritzung mit strömungsgerichteter Kraftstoffeindüsung in analoger Darstellung zur Fig. 2,
- Fig. 4
- ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel einer Kraftstoffdüse mit dezentraler Einspritzung mit Kraftstoffeindüsung an der Hinterkante eines Filmlegers, ebenfalls in analoger Darstellung zu den Fig. 2 und 3,
- Fig. 5
- eine stirnseitige Schnittansicht in Richtung der Pfeile A, B und C der Fig. 2 bis 4, darstellend die Kraftstoffeinspritzung im Gleichdrall zur Luftströmung,
- Fig. 6
- eine Darstellung analog Fig. 5 mit Darstellung der Kraftstoffeinspritzung im Gegendrall zur Luftströmung,
- Fig. 7
- eine Teil-Seitenansicht, analog Fig. 4,
- Fig. 8
- den Verlauf der Axialgeschwindigkeit der Luft über einer lokalen Koordinate x, die den axialen Abstand von der Hinterkante der Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse angibt,
- Fig. 9
- eine verdeutlichende Darstellung, analog Fig. 7, zur Erläuterung der Fig. 10 und 11,
- Fig. 10
- eine Ansicht in Pfeilrichtung D von Fig. 9 zur Darstellung der äußeren und der inneren Luftverdrallung sowie der Verdrallung des Kraftstoffs im Gleichdrall,
- Fig. 11
- eine Darstellung, analog Fig. 10, bei einer Eindüsung des Kraftstoffs im Gegendrall zur Luftströmung,
- Fig. 12
- eine verdeutlichende Ansicht zur Darstellung der Abbildungen der Fig. 13 und 14,
- Fig. 13
- eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeils D gemäß Fig. 12 zur Darstellung einer einreihigen Anordnung von Kraftstoffbohrungen,
- Fig. 14
- eine analoge Darstellung zur Fig. 13 mit gestaffelter Anordnung der Kraftstoffbohrungen,
- Fig. 15
- eine weitere Ausgestaltungsvariante mit einer lamellenartigen Ausführung der Filmlegeroberfläche.
- 1
- Filmleger
- 2
- Kraftstofföffnung
- 3
- Kraftstoffbohrung
- 4
- Kraftstoffrichtung
- 5
- Mittelachse der Kraftstofföffnungen
- 6
- Wandnahe Hauptströmungsrichtung (innerer Drallkanal)
- 7
- Wandnahe Hauptströmungsrichtung (äußerer Drallkanal)
- 8
- Luftdrall (innerer Drallkanal)
- 9
- Luftdrall (äußerer Drallkanal)
- 10
- Brennkammer
- 11
- Luftzuführung (innerer Drallkanal)
- 12
- Luftzuführung (äußerer Drallkanal)
- 13
- Kraftstoff-/Luftgemisch
- 14
- Innerer Drallkörper
- 15
- Äußerer Drallkörper
- 16
- Wandelement
- 17
- Filmlegeroberfläche
- 18
- Äußerer Drallkanal (Luft)
- 19
- Innerer Drallkanal (Luft)
- 20
- Filmlegeroberfläche
- 21
- Kraftstoffleitung
- 22
- Kraftstoffzuführung (zentral)
- 23
- Kraftstoffzuführung (dezentral)
- 24
- Lamellenförmiger Filmleger
Claims (13)
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse für eine Gasturbinenbrennkammer, mit einem Filmleger (1), in dem mehrere Kraftstofföffnungen (2) ausgebildet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelachsen (5) der Kraftstofföffnungen (2) durch den Filmleger (1) bezüglich ihrer radialen Ausrichtung im Wesentlichen parallel zur Hauptströmungsrichtung (6) bzw. (7) der Luft angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittelachsen (5) der Kraftstofföffnungen (2) bezüglich ihrer radialen Ausrichtung in einem spitzen Winkel zur wandnahen Strömungsrichtung der Luft angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) an einer radial inneren Wandung des Filmlegers angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) an einer radial äußeren Wandung des Filmlegers angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) an einer Hinterkante des Filmlegers (1) angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) bezüglich der Ausrichtung ihrer Mittelachsen (5) in Umfangsrichtung im Gleichdrall zum inneren (8) bzw. äußeren Luftdrall (9) angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) bezüglich der Ausrichtung ihrer Mittelachsen (5) in Umfangsrichtung im Gegendrall zum inneren (8) bzw. äußeren Luftdrall (9) angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) einreihig angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) mehrreihig angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) zueinander fluchtend angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kraftstofföffnungen (2) zueinander gestaffelt angeordnet sind.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filmleger (1) lamellenartig ausgebildet ist.
- Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Filmleger (1) in Umfangsrichtung eine Spiralgeometrie aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10348604 | 2003-10-20 | ||
| DE2003148604 DE10348604A1 (de) | 2003-10-20 | 2003-10-20 | Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse mit filmartiger Kraftstoffplatzierung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1526332A2 true EP1526332A2 (de) | 2005-04-27 |
| EP1526332A3 EP1526332A3 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
Family
ID=34384376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20040023823 Withdrawn EP1526332A3 (de) | 2003-10-20 | 2004-10-06 | Kraftstoffeinspritzdüse |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9033263B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1526332A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10348604A1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2523519C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-17 | 2014-07-20 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Способ эксплуатации горелки, горелка, в частности для газовой турбины и газовая турбина |
| EP3076082A1 (de) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Delavan Inc | Kraftstoffdüsen |
| US10309651B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2019-06-04 | Delavan Inc | Injectors for multipoint injection |
| US10385809B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-20 | Delavan Inc. | Fuel nozzles |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060283181A1 (en) * | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-21 | Arvin Technologies, Inc. | Swirl-stabilized burner for thermal management of exhaust system and associated method |
| US8453454B2 (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2013-06-04 | General Electric Company | Coannular oil injection nozzle |
| WO2015150114A1 (de) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-10-08 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Brenner, gasturbine mit einem solchen brenner und brennstoffdüse |
| EP3143334B1 (de) * | 2014-05-12 | 2020-08-12 | General Electric Company | Vorfilmflüssigbrennstoffkartusche |
| US10132500B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2018-11-20 | Delavan Inc. | Airblast injectors |
| US20180058696A1 (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | General Electric Company | Fuel-air mixer assembly for use in a combustor of a turbine engine |
| US10876477B2 (en) | 2016-09-16 | 2020-12-29 | Delavan Inc | Nozzles with internal manifolding |
| US10344981B2 (en) | 2016-12-16 | 2019-07-09 | Delavan Inc. | Staged dual fuel radial nozzle with radial liquid fuel distributor |
| US20180335214A1 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-11-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Fuel air mixer assembly for a gas turbine engine combustor |
| US11149948B2 (en) | 2017-08-21 | 2021-10-19 | General Electric Company | Fuel nozzle with angled main injection ports and radial main injection ports |
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| JP2006300448A (ja) * | 2005-04-22 | 2006-11-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | ガスタービンの燃焼器 |
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- 2004-10-19 US US10/967,320 patent/US9033263B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2523519C2 (ru) * | 2009-03-17 | 2014-07-20 | Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт | Способ эксплуатации горелки, горелка, в частности для газовой турбины и газовая турбина |
| US9032736B2 (en) | 2009-03-17 | 2015-05-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating a burner and burner, in particular for a gas turbine |
| US10309651B2 (en) | 2011-11-03 | 2019-06-04 | Delavan Inc | Injectors for multipoint injection |
| EP3076082A1 (de) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-05 | Delavan Inc | Kraftstoffdüsen |
| US9897321B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-02-20 | Delavan Inc. | Fuel nozzles |
| US10385809B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2019-08-20 | Delavan Inc. | Fuel nozzles |
| US11111888B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2021-09-07 | Delavan Inc. | Fuel nozzles |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10348604A1 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
| EP1526332A3 (de) | 2012-02-15 |
| US20050133642A1 (en) | 2005-06-23 |
| US9033263B2 (en) | 2015-05-19 |
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