EP1507901B1 - Device and method for removing surface areas of a component - Google Patents
Device and method for removing surface areas of a component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1507901B1 EP1507901B1 EP03727147A EP03727147A EP1507901B1 EP 1507901 B1 EP1507901 B1 EP 1507901B1 EP 03727147 A EP03727147 A EP 03727147A EP 03727147 A EP03727147 A EP 03727147A EP 1507901 B1 EP1507901 B1 EP 1507901B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current
- component
- process according
- electrode
- pulse
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001208 nuclear magnetic resonance pulse sequence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F5/00—Electrolytic stripping of metallic layers or coatings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for removing surface areas of a component according to claim 1 or 2.
- components coated with coatings of the type MCrAlY or ZrO 2 for example, by acid stripping in combination with sand blasting or by high-pressure water jets stripped.
- DE-B 10 43 008 relates to a method for removing steel sand residues sandblasted surfaces of metal strips and an apparatus for performing this method.
- the EP 1 122 323 A1 and the US 5,944,909 show examples of the chemical removal of surface areas.
- the EP 1 941 34 A1 , the EP 1 010 782 A1 as well as the U.S. Patent 6,165,345 disclose methods for the electrochemical removal of metallic coatings (stripping).
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a device and a method in which the stripping runs faster and cheaper.
- the object is achieved by an apparatus and a method for removing surface areas of a component according to claim 1 or 2.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention.
- the device 1 consists of a container 4, in which an electrolyte 7 is arranged.
- an electrode 10 and a component 13 is arranged in the electrolyte 7, an electrode 10 and a component 13 is arranged.
- the electrode 10 and the component 13 are electrically connected to a current / voltage pulse generator 16.
- the component 13 is, for example, a coated turbine blade, which has as a substrate a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy on which a metallic layer is applied, which serves, for example, as a corrosion protection or anchoring layer.
- a layer has, in particular, the composition MCrAlY, where M represents an element iron, cobalt or nickel.
- the coating is corroded during use of the turbine blade 13.
- the resulting surface area 25 (indicated by dashed lines) is to be removed by the method according to the invention and the device 1 according to the invention.
- the current pulse generator 16 generates a pulsed current / voltage signal (FIG. 2).
- an ultrasonic probe 19 is arranged, which is operated by an ultrasonic source 22.
- the ultrasonic excitation improves the hydrodynamics of the process and thereby supports the electrochemical reaction.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary current / voltage curve of the current / voltage pulse generator 16.
- the current pulse signal or the voltage pulse is, for example, rectangular (pulse shape) and has a pulse duration t on . Between the individual impulses there is a break of the length t off . Furthermore, the current pulse signal is determined by its current level I max . The current flowing between the electrode 10 and the device 13 (I max ), the pulse duration (t on ) and the pulse pause (t off ) have a significant influence on the electrochemical reaction by accelerating it.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a sequence of current pulses 40 that repeat themselves.
- a sequence 34 consists of at least two blocks 77.
- Each block 77 consists of at least one current pulse 40.
- a current pulse 40 is characterized by its duration t on , the height I max and its pulse shape (rectangle, triangle, ). Equally important as process parameters are the pauses between the individual current pulses 40 (t off ) and the pauses between the blocks 77.
- the sequence 34 consists, for example, of a first block 77 with three current pulses 40, between which in turn takes a break. This is followed by a second block 77, which has a greater current level and consists of six current pulses 40. After another pause, four current pulses 40 follow in the opposite direction, ie with a changed polarity.
- sequence 34 is followed by another block 77 with four current pulses.
- the sequence 34 can be repeated several times.
- the individual pulse times t on are preferably of the order of magnitude of about 1 to 10 milliseconds.
- the duration of the block 77 is on the order of up to 10 seconds, so that up to 500 pulses are emitted in a block 77.
- a block 77 is matched with its parameters to a constituent of an alloy, which is to be stripped, for example, in order to achieve the best removal of this constituent. These can be determined in individual experiments.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Entfernung von Oberflächenbereichen eines Bauteils gemäß Anspruch 1 bzw. 2.The invention relates to a device and a method for removing surface areas of a component according to
Bislang werden Bauteile, die mit Beschichtungen des Typs MCrAlY oder ZrO2 beschichtet sind, beispielsweise durch Säurestrippen in Kombination mit Sandstrahlen oder durch Hochdruckwasserstrahlen entschichtet.So far, components coated with coatings of the type MCrAlY or ZrO 2 , for example, by acid stripping in combination with sand blasting or by high-pressure water jets stripped.
DE-B 10 43 008 betrifft ein Verfahren zur Entfernung von Stahlsandresten sandbestrahlter Oberflächen von Metallbändern und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.DE-B 10 43 008 relates to a method for removing steel sand residues sandblasted surfaces of metal strips and an apparatus for performing this method.
Die
Die
Die oben aufgelisteten Verfahren sind zeit- und damit kostenintensiv.The above-listed methods are time-consuming and thus cost-intensive.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren aufzuzeigen, bei denen die Entschichtung schneller und preiswerter abläuft.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a device and a method in which the stripping runs faster and cheaper.
Die Aufgabe wird durch eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Entfernung von Oberflächenbereichen eines Bauteils gemäß Anspruch 1 bzw. 2, gelöst.The object is achieved by an apparatus and a method for removing surface areas of a component according to
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Verfahrensschritte sind in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen aufgelistet.Further advantageous embodiments and method steps are listed in the respective subclaims.
Es zeigen
Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung,- Figur 2, einen zeitlichen Verlauf eines Stromes eines Strompulsgebers und
- Figur 3 einen weiteren zeitlichen Verlauf eines Stromes eines Strompulsgebers.
- FIG. 1 shows a device according to the invention,
- Figure 2, a time course of a current of a current pulse generator and
- Figure 3 shows a further time course of a current of a current pulse generator.
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1.FIG. 1 shows a
Die Vorrichtung 1 besteht aus einem Behälter 4, in dem ein Elektrolyt 7 angeordnet ist.The
In dem Elektrolyt 7 ist eine Elektrode 10 und ein Bauteil 13 angeordnet. Die Elektrode 10 und das Bauteil 13 sind elektrisch mit einem Strom/Spannungspulsgeber 16 verbunden. Das Bauteil 13 ist beispielsweise eine beschichtete Turbinenschaufel, die als Substrat eine Nickel- oder Kobaltbasierte Superlegierung aufweist, auf der eine metallische Schicht aufgebracht ist, die beispielsweise als Korrosionsschutz- oder Verankerungsschicht dient. Eine solche Schicht weist insbesondere die Zusammensetzung MCrAlY, wobei M für ein Element Eisen, Kobalt oder Nickel steht, auf.In the electrolyte 7, an
Die Beschichtung ist während des Einsatzes der Turbinenschaufel 13 korrodiert. Der so entstandene Oberflächenbereich 25 (gestrichelt angedeutet) soll durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 entfernt werden. Ebenso können von einem Bauteil 13, das keine Beschichtung aufweist, aber im oberflächennahen Bereich durch Korrosion, Oxidation oder sonstige Arten der Degradation entstandene Schichtbereiche 25 entfernt werden.The coating is corroded during use of the
Der Strompulsgeber 16 erzeugt ein gepulstes Strom/Spannungssignal (Figur 2).The
In dem Elektrolyt 7 ist eine Ultraschallsonde 19 angeordnet, die durch eine Ultraschallquelle 22 betrieben wird.In the electrolyte 7, an
Die Ultraschallanregung verbessert die Hydrodynamik des Prozesses und unterstützt dadurch die elektrochemische Reaktion.The ultrasonic excitation improves the hydrodynamics of the process and thereby supports the electrochemical reaction.
Figur 2 zeigt einen beispielhaften Strom/Spannungsverlauf des Strom/Spannungspulsgebers 16.FIG. 2 shows an exemplary current / voltage curve of the current /
Das Strompulssignal oder der Spannungspuls ist beispielsweise rechteckig (Pulsform) und hat eine Pulsdauer ton. Zwischen den einzelnen Impulsen besteht eine Pause der Länge toff. Weiterhin wird das Strompulssignal durch seine Stromhöhe Imax bestimmt.
Der Strom, der zwischen der Elektrode 10 und dem Bauteil 13 fließt (Imax), die Pulsdauer (ton) und die Pulspause (toff) haben einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die elektrochemische Reaktion, indem diese beschleunigt wird.The current pulse signal or the voltage pulse is, for example, rectangular (pulse shape) and has a pulse duration t on . Between the individual impulses there is a break of the length t off . Furthermore, the current pulse signal is determined by its current level I max .
The current flowing between the
Figur 3 zeigt eine beispielhafte Aneinanderreihung von Strompulsen 40, die sich wiederholen.
Eine Sequenz 34 besteht aus zumindest zwei Blöcken 77. Jeder Block 77 besteht aus zumindest einem Strompuls 40.
Ein Strompuls 40 ist charakterisiert durch seine Dauer ton, die Höhe Imax und seine Pulsform (Rechteck, Dreieck, ...). Ebenso wichtig als Prozessparameter sind die Pausen zwischen den einzelnen Strompulsen 40 (toff) und die Pausen zwischen den Blöcken 77.FIG. 3 shows an example of a sequence of
A
A
Die Sequenz 34 besteht bspw. aus einem ersten Block 77 mit drei Strompulsen 40, zwischen denen wiederum eine Pause stattfindet. Darauf folgt ein zweiter Block 77, der eine größere Stromhöhe aufweist und aus sechs Strompulsen 40 besteht. Nach einer weiteren Pause folgen vier Strompulse 40 in umgekehrter Richtung, d.h. mit geänderter Polarität.The
Als Abschluss der Sequenz 34 folgt ein weiterer Block 77 mit vier Strompulsen.
Die Sequenz 34 kann mehrfach wiederholt werden.The conclusion of the
The
Die Einzelpulszeiten ton betragen vorzugsweise größenordnungsmäßig etwa 1 bis 10 Millisekunden. Die zeitliche Dauer des Blocks 77 liegt in der Größenordnung bis zu 10 Sekunden, so dass bis zu 500 Pulse in einem Block 77 ausgesendet werden.The individual pulse times t on are preferably of the order of magnitude of about 1 to 10 milliseconds. The duration of the
Die Belegung sowohl während der Pulsabfolgen als auch in der Pausenzeit mit einem geringen Potenzial (Basisstrom) ist optional möglich.The assignment both during the pulse sequences as well as in the pause time with a low potential (base current) is optionally possible.
Ein Block 77 ist mit seinen Parametern auf ein Bestandteil einer Legierung abgestimmt, die bspw. entschichtet werden soll, um das beste Entfernen dieses Bestandteils zu erreichen. Diese können in Einzelversuchen bestimmt werden.A
Claims (9)
- Apparatus (1) for removing surface regions from a component (13),
which has a vessel (4) in which an electrolyte (7) is arranged, into which the component can be introduced,
which has an electrode (10),
it being possible for the electrode and the component to be electrically connected to one another, and
the electrode being arranged at least partially in the electrolyte,
in which the apparatus has an electrical current pulse generator (16),
which can be electrically connected between electrode (10) and component (13),
in which the current pulse generator (16) can generate current pulses,
characterized in that the apparatus (1) has an ultrasound probe (19),
which is arranged in the container (4), and
which is surrounded by the electrolyte (7). - Process for removing a coating from a surface region of a component,
in which an electrode (10)
and the component (13) are arranged in an electrolyte (7),
the electrode and the component being electrically conductively connected to one another and to a current generator (16),
the current generator (16) generating a pulsed current or a pulsed voltage, characterized in that for the electrolytic coating removal a plurality of current/voltage pulses (40) are used repeatedly combined in a sequence (34),
the sequence (34) being formed by at least two different blocks (77),
one block (77) comprising at least one current pulse (40). - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
a positive or a negative potential is applied to the component (13) in order to generate a base current or base voltage. - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
an ultrasound probe (19) is operated in the electrolyte (7). - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
a current/voltage pulse (40) is used for the electrolytic coating removal, with both positive and negative current/voltage pulses (40) being used. - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
a block (77) is defined by a number of current pulses (40), pulse duration (ton), pulse interval (toff), current level (Imax) and pulse shape. - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
a block (77) is in each case matched to a constituent of an alloy which is to be removed in order to boost the removal of the constituent of the alloy. - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
the coating removed is an alloy layer of MCrAlY type, where M is an element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt or nickel. - Process according to Claim 2,
characterized in that
a base current is superimposed on the current pulses (40) and/or the intervals.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05024433A EP1632589B1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-03-21 | Method for removing surface areas of a component |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10215374 | 2002-04-08 | ||
DE10215374 | 2002-04-08 | ||
DE10259365A DE10259365A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2002-12-18 | Device and method for removing surface areas of a component |
DE10259365 | 2002-12-18 | ||
PCT/DE2003/000953 WO2003085174A2 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-03-21 | Device and method for removing surface areas of a component |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05024433A Division EP1632589B1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-03-21 | Method for removing surface areas of a component |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1507901A2 EP1507901A2 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
EP1507901B1 true EP1507901B1 (en) | 2007-10-17 |
Family
ID=28792820
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05024433A Expired - Lifetime EP1632589B1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-03-21 | Method for removing surface areas of a component |
EP03727147A Expired - Lifetime EP1507901B1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-03-21 | Device and method for removing surface areas of a component |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05024433A Expired - Lifetime EP1632589B1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2003-03-21 | Method for removing surface areas of a component |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7569133B2 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1632589B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100379900C (en) |
DE (3) | DE10259365A1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2292967T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003085174A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (21)
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DE10259362A1 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-08 | Siemens Ag | Process for depositing an alloy on a substrate |
EP1473387A1 (en) * | 2003-05-02 | 2004-11-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for stripping a coating from a part |
DE502004006578D1 (en) | 2004-06-30 | 2008-04-30 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for surface treatment of a component |
EP1860210A1 (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2007-11-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for electrolytic treatment of a workpiece |
EP1870497A1 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2007-12-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the electrochemical stripping of a metallic coating from an element |
EP1890004A1 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for the production of a deposited layer from recycled layer material |
DE102006044416A1 (en) * | 2006-09-18 | 2008-03-27 | Siemens Ag | Process for the electrochemical coating or stripping of components |
FR2937054B1 (en) | 2008-10-13 | 2010-12-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DECONTAMINATING A METAL SURFACE |
DE102009036221A1 (en) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-17 | Extrude Hone Gmbh | Method for the electrochemical machining of a workpiece |
US8357287B2 (en) * | 2009-11-23 | 2013-01-22 | MetCon LLC | Electrolyte solution and electropolishing methods |
US8580103B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2013-11-12 | Metcon, Llc | Electrolyte solution and electrochemical surface modification methods |
CN103088398B (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-05-11 | 通用电气公司 | Multi-channel electrochemical removes metallic coating system and control circuit thereof |
DE102012012419A1 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-04-24 | OT Oberflächentechnik GmbH & Co. KG Schwerin | Device useful for local stripping of coated metal components, in particular coated turbine blades, comprises a brush for mechanical machining of the component to be stripped and for applying an electrolyte solution |
US9879356B2 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2018-01-30 | Platit Ag | Method for delamination of ceramic hard material layers from steel and cemented carbide substrates |
DE202014010831U1 (en) | 2014-03-18 | 2016-11-23 | Platit Ag | Holder for stripping ceramic hard coatings of steel and carbide substrates |
US10227708B2 (en) | 2014-11-18 | 2019-03-12 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Systems and methods for cleaning medical device electrodes |
CN104611759B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-03-08 | 广州市精源电子设备有限公司 | Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method |
US10357839B1 (en) | 2015-10-08 | 2019-07-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method for electrochemical machining using sympathetic waveform interactions |
MD1448Z (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-02-28 | Сп Завод Топаз Ао | Process for removing heat-resistant coatings from a surface of hard alloys |
CN113106532B (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2023-04-11 | 江苏源清动力技术有限公司 | Process for removing thermal barrier coating of thermal component of aero-engine and gas turbine |
EP4309811B1 (en) | 2022-07-18 | 2024-09-25 | Hammann GmbH | Method for the electromechanical removal of deposits in pipelines or apparatus |
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-
2002
- 2002-12-18 DE DE10259365A patent/DE10259365A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-03-12 US US10/511,251 patent/US7569133B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-21 CN CNB038077264A patent/CN100379900C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-03-21 EP EP05024433A patent/EP1632589B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 EP EP03727147A patent/EP1507901B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 ES ES03727147T patent/ES2292967T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 WO PCT/DE2003/000953 patent/WO2003085174A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-03-21 ES ES05024433T patent/ES2317127T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 DE DE50308417T patent/DE50308417D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-03-21 DE DE50311030T patent/DE50311030D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2009
- 2009-06-25 US US12/491,499 patent/US20090255828A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1507901A2 (en) | 2005-02-23 |
ES2317127T3 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
WO2003085174A2 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
DE50308417D1 (en) | 2007-11-29 |
CN100379900C (en) | 2008-04-09 |
ES2292967T3 (en) | 2008-03-16 |
WO2003085174A3 (en) | 2004-12-23 |
US20050224367A1 (en) | 2005-10-13 |
DE50311030D1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
DE10259365A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
CN1646735A (en) | 2005-07-27 |
EP1632589A3 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
US20090255828A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
US7569133B2 (en) | 2009-08-04 |
EP1632589B1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
EP1632589A2 (en) | 2006-03-08 |
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