CN104611759B - Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method - Google Patents
Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104611759B CN104611759B CN201510080244.XA CN201510080244A CN104611759B CN 104611759 B CN104611759 B CN 104611759B CN 201510080244 A CN201510080244 A CN 201510080244A CN 104611759 B CN104611759 B CN 104611759B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic removal of material from objects; Servicing or operating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
- C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
- C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
- C25F1/06—Iron or steel
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method, comprise the steps:Workpiece is placed in carry out pickling in acidic electrolysis bath when, the electrical feature information of workpiece described in real-time detection;Judge whether described electrical feature information meets polarity switching condition:If meeting, changing the polarity that power-supply system exports pulse, so that described workpiece is switched to anodic acid pickling by Cathodic pickling or switch to Cathodic pickling by anodic acid pickling.The present invention carries out Variable Polarity output by controlling power-supply system, makes workpiece alternately anodic acid pickling and Cathodic pickling, it is to avoid workpiece material occurs Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena, improves pickling effect, improves pickling efficiency.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to technical field of surface, particularly to a kind of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method.
【Background technology】
Metal all must carry out pickling before the surface treatment such as plating, chemical plating, conversion film, its objective is to remove metal system
The corrosion thing on part surface and oxide layer, this is an important prerequisite obtaining high-quality film layer.Feelings according to corrosion and oxide skin
The difference of condition and property can take different derusting methods.Derusting method is broadly divided into two big class, i.e. physical method and chemistry side
Method.Physical method mainly has artificial rust cleaning and mechanical derusting (as sandblasting, shot-peening, polishing etc.).Chemical derusting is usually using acid
The method washed, will the iron and steel parts with oxide skin or rust corrode, to remove the oxygen of surface of steel workpiece in pickle
Compound or corrosion layer.
Compare traditional chemical pickling, cathodic pickling is a kind of efficient acid washing method, there is corrosive power by force, speed is fast
The advantages of.During cathodic pickling, workpiece both can be as anode it is also possible to as negative electrode.When workpiece is as negative electrode, cathode of electrolytic tank
The reaction that region is occurred is:
Fe2++2e→Fe
Fe3++3e→Fe
2H++2e→2[H]→H2↑
When workpiece is as anode, the reaction that electrolytic cell anode region is occurred is:
Fe-2e→Fe2+
Fe-3e→Fe3+
4OH--4e→2H2O O O2↑
As from the foregoing:H when workpiece carries out Cathodic pickling as negative electrode, in electrolyte+Obtain electronics and become active hydrogen atom
[H], a hydrogen atom part is combined into H2Effusion, has mechanical release effect to oxide skin and rust, is conducive to oxide skin and rust
Removal, pickling effect is also preferable, but pickling speed is slow, and a part of hydrogen can invade gold with state of atom from interstitial void
Belong to, diffuse to inside, cause the hydrogen embrittlement of material.Carry out during anodic acid pickling although oozing hydrogen phenomenon to obtain certain control, but metal
Easily excessive erosion, and pickling effect is general.
【Content of the invention】
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method, by power-supply system output amplitude, frequency
All can independent regulation Variable Polarity impulse waveform, make workpiece alternately anodic acid pickling and Cathodic pickling, improve pickling efficiency
While, suppression workpiece oozes hydrogen, reduces the roughness of surface of the work, makes the surface of the work after process more smooth, present
Metallic luster.
The content of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method, comprises the steps:
Workpiece is placed in carry out pickling in acidic electrolysis bath when, the electrical feature information of workpiece described in real-time detection;
Judge whether described electrical feature information meets polarity switching condition:
If meeting, changing the polarity that power-supply system exports pulse, making described workpiece switch to anode acid by Cathodic pickling
Wash or Cathodic pickling is switched to by anodic acid pickling.
The Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method that the present invention provides, by the electrical feature information of real-time detection workpiece, can be certainly
The output polarity of dynamic adjustment power-supply system is it is ensured that the acid cleaning process of workpiece is at or approximately at optimum state.The present invention passes through to control
Power-supply system carries out Variable Polarity output, makes workpiece alternately anodic acid pickling and Cathodic pickling, is ensureing higher pickling speed
Meanwhile, improve pickling effect, it is to avoid workpiece material occurs Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena.
【Brief description】
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic flow sheet of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the waveform diagram of Variable Polarity pulse in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is typical anodic polarization curves figure in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic flow sheet of the polarity switching determination methods of Variable Polarity pulse in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is for the electrical characteristics waveform diagram in different frequency processing procedure in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the surface of the work design sketch in the embodiment of the present invention, different frequency being processed to gained;
Fig. 7 is optimal relation curve between switching frequency and electric current density in the embodiment of the present invention.
【Specific embodiment】
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings present disclosure is further described.
As shown in figure 1, the present invention provides a kind of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method, comprise the steps:
S11:Workpiece is placed in carry out pickling in acidic electrolysis bath when, the electrical feature information of workpiece described in real-time detection;
S12:Judging whether described electrical feature information meets polarity switching condition, if meeting, entering S13;
S13:Change power-supply system export pulse polarity, make described workpiece by Cathodic pickling switch to anodic acid pickling or
Cathodic pickling is switched to by anodic acid pickling.
In an instantiation, workpiece is 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plates, its a size of 4cm × 4cm × 0.4cm, acid electricity
Solving liquid is:Concentration is the Na of 150g/L (gram per liter)2SO4(sodium sulfate) and concentration are the HNO of 60g/L (gram per liter)3(nitre
Acid).
Two pieces of identicals 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plate is respectively connecting to output plus terminal and the negative terminal of power-supply system, Liang Zheping
Row is placed, spacing 50mm;Then initial time anode is one piece of 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plate, and negative electrode is another piece of 304 stainless steel hot-rollings
Plate.Using power-supply system output Variable Polarity pulse square wave as shown in Figure 2, two piece of 304 described stainless steel hot-rolling plate is made to replace
Carry out anodic acid pickling and Cathodic pickling;In Fig. 2, Ip=10A, In=-10A, tp=2ms, tn=3ms, processes 2min under room temperature.
The composition of 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plate surface oxide skins is broadly divided into three layers from outside to inside:Outermost layer is the oxidation of ferrum
Thing, including Fe2O3、Fe3O4、FeO;Intermediate layer is more stable iron chromium oxide FeOCr2O3, it is Cr near the internal layer of matrix2O3、
NiO etc., matrix surface is " chromium depleted layer ".
After energising, the electrochemical reaction occurring respectively when 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plates are as anode and cathode is:
Anode reaction:
H2O→[O]+2H++2e
2[O]→O2↑
FexOy+(3x-y)[O]+xH2O→xFeO4 2-+2xH+
Cr2O3+3[O]+2H2O→2CrO4 2-+4H+
Cr2O3+3[O]+H2O→Cr2O7 2-+2H+
NiO+2H+→Ni2++2H2O
Cathode reaction:
FeO4 2-+8H++3e→Fe3++4H2O
2H++2e→H2↑
304 stainless steel hot-rolling plate surface oxide skins have loose porous property, anodic acid pickling stage, and the oxygen atom of nascent state is
The major impetus of oxidation reaction, anodizing occurs first at the reactivity point such as the tiny hole in surface and crack,
By FeO, Fe3O4、Fe2O3、FeOCr2O3Change into FeO3And FeO3Cr2O3, and then withIt is dissolved in acidic electrolysis bath,
Make indissoluble picotite loose and separate, the framing structure of disruptive oxidation skin.Cr simultaneously2O3It is oxidized to CrO3, in acyclic acidic
In border withWithExist, NiO is dissolved in acid and becomes Ni2+Deng the dissolving of these oxides further functions as loose oxygen
Change the effect of skin, lead to the peeling of oxide skin to be extended centered on aperture and crack;A part of active oxygen atom exists simultaneously
The surface of 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plates is combined into oxygen molecule, and the gathering of oxygen molecule makes bubble constantly expand change greatly, eventually disengages from
304 stainless steel hot-rolling plates escape in gaseous form, and this process has mechanical release effect to oxide skin.
The Cathodic pickling stage, near electrode WithObtain electronics and become Fe3+And Cr3+, with
When H+Obtain electronics and produce hydrogen atom, a part of hydrogen atom is combined into H2Effusion, to oxide skin produce mechanical stripping effect;One
Divide hydrogen to invade metal with state of atom from interstitial void, diffuse to inside, cause the hydrogen embrittlement of 304 stainless steel hot-rolling panel materials.
It follows that during anodic acid pickling, the electrochemical dissolution of 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plate surface oxides is aided with oxygen again
Mechanical stripping effect leads to coming off of oxide skin, therefore the speed of anodic acid pickling is very fast.When carrying out Cathodic pickling, oxide is not involved in
Electrochemical reaction, the removal of oxide skin can only rely on the mechanical stripping of hydrogen to act on, and oxide skin exfoliation rates are slower.Individually adopt
During anodic acid pickling, easily cause overpickling and pickling effect is general;Individually adopt although effect is preferable during Cathodic pickling, but sour
Wash speed slow, and easily cause the hydrogen embrittlement of workpiece, destroy the mechanical property of workpiece.
For the above-mentioned reasons, the present invention proposes to adopt Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method, by anodic acid pickling is timely
Switch to Cathodic pickling, switch back into the over-over mode of anodic acid pickling after a period of time again, so that hydrogen and oxygen is replaced in workpiece
Surface Creation, will not ooze hydrogen and destroy the mechanical property of workpiece material.
Furthermore, using during Variable Polarity pickling, in the anodic acid pickling stage, lived with scale surface aperture, crackle for reaction
Property point at occur electrochemical reaction, oxide skin is started shedding off centered on active site, when being switched to the Cathodic pickling stage, reaction
Active site disappears.When arriving in the next anodic acid pickling stage, re-form reactivity point, and upper one of active site position
The anodic acid pickling stage changes.So circulate, reactivity point dissociates in surface of the work, oxide skin dissolution removes more equal
Even, can greatly reduce the roughness of surface of the work, make the surface of the work after process more smooth, assume metal light
Pool.And when individually adopting anodic acid pickling, reactivity point position tends to maintaining static it is easy to there is peracid in a certain position
Wash, form etch pit, make the surface of the work after process uneven, roughness increases, lack metallic luster.
In actual treatment, Variable Polarity pulse parameter, such as pulse amplitude, pulse duration, all to treatment effeciency and work
Part performance has considerable influence, and the wherein selection of positive-negative polarity impulsive switched frequency even more directly affects pickling efficiency, processing procedure
In the optimal positive-negative polarity pulse duration should be change and revocable.
In the anodic acid pickling stage, anodic scale participates in electrochemical reaction, with the dissolving of speed faster, simultaneously attached in anode
Nearly generation WithIgnore convection current and electromigratory effect, these ions mass transport process in the liquid phase
Depend on diffusion, but when being not added with external force, the limited use of diffusion.Carrying out over time, it will produce dense
Difference polarization phenomena, above-mentioned ion concentration raises, and will reduce the reaction rate of the oxidized dissolving of oxide.Therefore, the think of of the present invention
Road be product ion aggregation near anode to a certain extent so that producing concentration polarization phenomenon and reducing oxide by oxygen
When changing the reaction rate dissolving, it is switched to the Cathodic pickling stage in time, will WithIt is converted into Fe3+
And Cr3+, the hydrogen continuation simultaneously generating is to oxide skin generation mechanical stripping effect.After Cathodic pickling carries out a period of time, when WithWhen being consumed to low concentration or even reacting completely, switch back into the anodic acid pickling stage again,
Now there is no concentration polarization phenomenon, the rate of dissolution of oxide skin returns to higher state, so circulate, just can obtain making than merely
With the higher pickling speed of anode electrolysis.Meanwhile, the negative electrode persistent period is short, and hydrogen and oxygen alternately generate in surface of the work, no
Hydrogen can be oozed, destroy the mechanical property of material.
Fig. 3 is typical anodic polarization curves, and the AB section in Fig. 3 is anodic solution area, and no gas generates;BC section anode electricity
Just, electric current declines buckling, represents that metal starts to be passivated;CD section is to stablize passive state;DE section raises with anode voltage, electric current density weight
New rising, metal is dissolved with high price form, and in solution, aerobic separates out;EF section is secondary passivity area;FG section is secondary trans-passive region,
Now it has been likely to occur new electrode reaction.
Along with the generation of oxygen in anodic acid pickling preliminary process, surface of the work oxide skin dissolution speed is very fast, anode electricity
It is interval that pressure (i.e. the voltage at workpiece two ends) is located at DE, and with concentration polarization to after to a certain degree, oxygen bubbless are in surface of the work in addition
Attachment make anode voltage raise, anode voltage will extend over E point enter secondary passivity area, surface formed passivating film hinder further
Hinder the dissolving of oxide skin, so that pickling speed is slack-off.Therefore, optimal processing procedure is:Due to the impact of concentration polarization,
The anodic acid pickling stage works as anode voltage, and close to the corresponding anode voltage of E point, (above-mentioned first threshold can be slightly less than the corresponding sun of E point
Pole tension) when, control power-supply system to change output polarity in time, switch to the Cathodic pickling stage, eliminate concentration polarization phenomenon, hold
After the continuous Cathodic pickling carrying out a period of time, switch to the next anodic acid pickling stage, make the dissolving speed of surface of the work oxide skin
Rate returns to higher state.
When negative electrode and anode all hang described workpiece, when anode workpiece carries out anodic acid pickling, cathode-workpiece is then located
In the Cathodic pickling stage;After polarity switching, when cathode-workpiece carries out anodic acid pickling, anode workpiece is then in Cathodic pickling rank
Section.So, then can be while ensureing that oxide skin is dissolved with higher rate of dissolution all the time, the hydrogen that negative electrode produces can fill
Dividing " driving away " anodic acid pickling stage to be attached to the oxygen bubbless of surface of the work, thus improving pickling effect, reducing the hydrogen embrittlement of material, fall
The roughness of surface of the work after reduction process, thoroughly removes oxide skin and " chromium depleted layer " of surface of the work, makes the surface shape of workpiece
State preferably adapts to next process.
Due in actual mechanical process it is impossible to accurately determine that anode voltage rises to the moment boundary of E point, that is, above-mentioned
First threshold is difficult to accurately determine, therefore the present invention also provide with dynamic electric resistor rate of change level off to zero moment as boundary, enter
One step accurately determines the dipole inversion time.
As shown in figure 4, in a kind of specific embodiment, described electrical feature information includes the voltage of described output and dynamic
Resistance change rate, described dynamic electric resistor rate of change can determine in conjunction with the voltage of output and electric current;The polarity of Variable Polarity pulse
Switching judging, can realize on-line control by the following method, make workpiece alternately be in anodic acid pickling and the Cathodic pickling rank of optimum
Section:
S21, when described workpiece carries out anodic acid pickling, detects the voltage signal at described workpiece two ends and flows through workpiece
Current signal;
Specifically, by the voltage signal at Hall voltage sensor real-time detection workpiece two ends, sensed by Hall current
Device Real-time Collection flows through the current signal of workpiece;
S22 by real-time detection to anode voltage value compare with first threshold, judge whether described anode voltage value is more than
Or when being equal to first threshold, if so, enter S23;
S23 utilizes described voltage and current signal to calculate anode dynamic electric resistor rate of change;
Specifically, according to Ohm's law, you can determine that anode moves by the voltage signal of Real-time Collection divided by current signal
State resistance value, more described anode dynamic electric resistor rate of change be can determine that by the variable quantity of differential resistance values in the unit interval;
Whether the anode dynamic electric resistor rate of change described in S24 real-time judge gradually approaches zero, if so, enters S25;
Power-supply system output pulse is changed into negative polarity by positive polarity by S25, so that described workpiece is switched to by anodic acid pickling
Cathodic pickling;Meanwhile, by voltage signal and the electric current letter flowing through workpiece at the method real-time detection workpiece two ends described in S21
Number;
S26 by real-time detection to cathode voltage compare with first threshold, judge whether described cathode voltage is more than
Or when being equal to first threshold, if so, enter S27;
S27 utilizes described voltage and current signal to calculate negative electrode dynamic electric resistor rate of change;
Specifically, according to Ohm's law, you can determine that negative electrode moves by the voltage signal of Real-time Collection divided by current signal
State resistance value, more described negative electrode dynamic electric resistor change be can determine that by the variable quantity of unit interval inner cathode differential resistance values
Rate;
Whether the negative electrode dynamic electric resistor rate of change described in S28 real-time judge gradually approaches zero, if so, enters S29;
Power-supply system output pulse is changed into positive polarity by negative polarity by S29, so that described workpiece is switched to by Cathodic pickling
Anodic acid pickling;
Afterwards, circulate S21-S29 step, make workpiece alternately anodic acid pickling and Cathodic pickling, until acid cleaning process knot
Bundle.
Determine that anodic acid pickling is as follows with the concrete case of the switching instant of Cathodic pickling by said method:
Acidic electrolysis bath is:Concentration is the Na of 150g/L2SO4And concentration is the HNO of 60g/L3.
Cathodic pickling is carried out using symmetrical Variable Polarity Square-wave AC to workpiece, negative electrode, anode workpiece are a size of 4cm × 4cm
The 304 stainless steel hot-rolling plates of × 0.4cm, negative electrode, anode workpiece are placed in parallel, and spacing is 50mm, and electric current density is 60A/dm2,
2min is processed under room temperature.
Keep other conditions constant, only change negative electrode, anodic pulse frequency, the electricity in the different frequency acid cleaning process of acquisition
Characteristic waveforms, as shown in Figure 5.Fig. 5 (a) medium frequency f is 100Hz, and Fig. 5 (b) medium frequency f is 250Hz, and Fig. 5 (c) medium frequency f is
500Hz, in Fig. 5 (a), Fig. 5 (b), Fig. 5 (c), transverse axis is time t, unit millisecond (ms);The longitudinal axis is respectively voltage U, and it is single
Position is volt (V) and resistance R, and its unit is ohm (Ohm).In figure voltage waveform has similar rule, at the initial stage of pulse
(2~3ms) voltage substantially constant, account for voltage was held essentially constant in this stage, and the dissolution velocity of oxide skin maintains higher
Value;Afterwards due to the impact of concentration polarization, oxide skin dissolution speed declines, and surface of the work initially enters secondary passivity area, enters one
Step makes workpiece current potential raise.Equally, dynamic resistance curve also keeps similar rule, in initial stage (2~3ms) dynamic electric of pulse
Resistance is risen with larger rate of change, and after rising to certain level, resistance change rate levels off to zero.If passing through said method,
Then can determine and will ensure preferably pickling effect, the optimum frequency of Variable Polarity pulse is 250Hz.
Shown in actual surface of the work treatment effect Fig. 6, it will be appreciated from fig. 6 that under current flow density, the same treatment time
When, frequency is that the pickling effect of the Variable Polarity Square-wave AC of 250Hz is better than other frequency bands, and oxide skin removal amount is many, surfacing,
There is metallic luster, this is coincide with above-mentioned conclusion.
Find in practical application, optimal polarity switching frequency is had compared with Important Relations with electric current density, is obtained by above-mentioned method
Frequency-the current density plot obtaining is as shown in fig. 7, can be used for actual pickling processes process parameters.
In sum, the Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method of the present invention, by alternate anodic acid pickling and Cathodic pickling
Process, it is to avoid workpiece material occurs Hydrogen Brittleness Phenomena, improves pickling effect, improves pickling efficiency.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more concrete and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some deformation can also be made and improve, these broadly fall into the guarantor of the present invention
Shield scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be defined by claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method is it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
Workpiece is placed in carry out pickling in acidic electrolysis bath when, the electrical feature information of workpiece described in real-time detection;Described electricity is special
Reference breath includes voltage and the dynamic electric resistor rate of change at workpiece two ends;
Judge whether described electrical feature information meets polarity switching condition:
If meet, change power-supply system export pulse polarity, make described workpiece by Cathodic pickling switch to anodic acid pickling or
Person switches to Cathodic pickling by anodic acid pickling.
2. Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that obtain described electrical feature information
Process include:
By the voltage signal at Hall voltage sensor real-time detection workpiece two ends, by Hall current sensor Real-time Collection stream
Current signal through workpiece;
Determine differential resistance values using described voltage signal divided by described current signal, by differential resistance values in the unit interval
Variable quantity determines described dynamic electric resistor rate of change.
3. Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that judge described electrical feature information
The process whether meeting polarity switching condition includes:
By real-time detection to magnitude of voltage compare with first threshold, judge that whether described magnitude of voltage is more than or equal to first threshold;
When magnitude of voltage reaches first threshold, judge whether described dynamic electric resistor rate of change gradually approaches zero.
4. Variable Polarity pulse pickling control method according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that when carrying out anodic acid pickling,
Described magnitude of voltage is anode voltage value, and described dynamic electric resistor rate of change is anode dynamic electric resistor rate of change, is carrying out Cathodic pickling
When, described magnitude of voltage is cathode voltage, and described dynamic electric resistor rate of change is negative electrode dynamic electric resistor rate of change.
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