EP1500889B1 - Anordnung zur Steuerung eines Keramik-Ofens - Google Patents

Anordnung zur Steuerung eines Keramik-Ofens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1500889B1
EP1500889B1 EP04017200A EP04017200A EP1500889B1 EP 1500889 B1 EP1500889 B1 EP 1500889B1 EP 04017200 A EP04017200 A EP 04017200A EP 04017200 A EP04017200 A EP 04017200A EP 1500889 B1 EP1500889 B1 EP 1500889B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln
ceramic products
regulating
row
monitoring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04017200A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1500889A1 (de
Inventor
Daniele Tagliazucchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TCK Srl
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TCK Srl
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Publication date
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Priority to PL04017200T priority Critical patent/PL1500889T3/pl
Publication of EP1500889A1 publication Critical patent/EP1500889A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1500889B1 publication Critical patent/EP1500889B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/40—Arrangements of controlling or monitoring devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0021—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of ceramic ware
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangements of monitoring devices; Arrangements of safety devices
    • F27D2021/0057—Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects
    • F27D2021/0078—Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects against the presence of an undesirable element in the atmosphere of the furnace

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a monitoring system of a ceramics kiln, i.e. a system for checking that the products emerging from a ceramics firing kiln meet preset quality standards and for intervening to regulate the ceramics kiln, in order to eliminate possible firing defects.
  • SU 426 126 A discloses an apparatus for controlling the firing process of ceramic tiles in a kiln.
  • the apparatus comprises a non-planarity measurement device installed at the outlet of the kiln and connected to the temperature regulating means of the kiln. In this way, tile deformation is reduced.
  • Firing ceramic products in particular ceramic tiles, is a very delicate phase of the productive process because any defects in the products that arise because of firing defects lead to product rejects or to products that are not top quality.
  • monitoring of the output of a ceramics kiln is performed by specialised personnel who periodically check the quality of the ceramic products emerging from the kiln, for example, in the case of ceramic tiles, their calibre and flatness, and who adjust the regulating system of the different zones of the kiln to remedy any firing defects.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a system for automatically monitoring the output of a ceramics kiln and for regulating the kiln if irregularities are detected.
  • a method for monitoring and regulating a ceramics kiln that comprises the following phases:
  • an apparatus is provided as defined in claim 11.
  • the system according to the invention enables human personnel to be dispensed with for monitoring output, and regulating the firing parameters of a ceramics kiln; it also enables said monitoring to be conducted much more frequently than human personnel would be able to do, thereby making it possible to remedy possible firing defects in very short spaces of time, thereby minimising product rejects due to said firing defects.
  • checking dimensions and flatness occurs by means of optical scan of the products picked up at the outlet of the ceramics kiln.
  • the dimensional data detected by said optical scan are compared with reference values and the results of this comparison are used to modify operating parameters of the ceramics kiln, when said dimensional data differ from said reference values by an amount that is greater than a preset amount.
  • said dimensional data are sent to a data-processing unit that is suitable for interacting with the monitoring and regulating system of the ceramics kiln; alternatively, said dimensional data are sent directly to the monitoring system regulating the kiln.
  • each row of said products, after optical scan and printing, is stacked in a single pile.
  • 1 indicates a kiln for firing ceramic products, in particular flat ceramic products, for example a roller kiln for firing ceramic tiles, at the outlet of which a conveying line 2 is arranged for the ceramic products 4 emerging from the kiln 1 in rows 3 that are parallel to one another.
  • a picking up and transfer device 5 arranged transversely to the conveying line 2, picks up at preset intervals of time a row 3 of ceramic products 4 from the conveying line 2, and transfers it by rotating it by 90° onto a further conveying line 6 along which there are arranged in succession a cooling device 7, a two-three dimensional scan device 8, a printing device 9 and a stacking device 10.
  • the ceramic products 4 moving along the further conveying line 6 first pass through the cooling device 7, which lowers the temperature of the products to a preset value, for example to the value of ambient temperature, in such a way that the optical scan measurements are conducted in a substantially constant manner for the different rows of products subsequently picked up from the conveying line 2.
  • the optical scan device 8 may be of the type suitable for conducting optical scan of the products 4 whilst the latter are moving along the further conveying line 6, or of the type that requires a temporary stop of each product 4 in order to be able to conduct the optical scan thereof.
  • the data detected by the optical scan device are sent to a data-processing system 12 in which the data are compared with reference data to establish whether the dimensions of the sides of the ceramic product and its flatness fall within a range of values considered to be acceptable for being able to classify the products as top quality products or not.
  • the data-processing system 12 intervenes on the monitoring and regulating system 13 of the kiln 1 or intervenes directly on the regulating devices installed in the kiln by varying the kiln operating parameters to eliminate the firing defects that have led to dimensional and/or flatness defects in the ceramic products 4.
  • Varying the operating parameters of the kiln occurs according to preset methods that depend on the type of defect detected by the optical scan and the position of the defective product 4 or products 4 in the row 3 picked up at the outlet of the ceramics kiln 1.
  • the data-processing system 12 actuates an alarm signal to request the intervention of the kiln 1 maintenance personnel, stopping if necessary the kiln and the system that supplies it.
  • the alarm signal may be transmitted by modem, or telephone, to a remote control station.
  • the optical scan device 8 can be operationally connected directly with the monitoring and regulating means 13 of the kiln 1. In this case the processing of the data on the optical scan will be carried out directly by said monitoring and regulating means 13.
  • the ceramic products 4 After passing into the optical scan device 8, the ceramic products 4 pass through a printing device 9 by means of which data identifying the product, the time of picking up of the product from the conveying line 2, data on the dimensional parameters of the product and any indications of detected faults are printed on each product 4.
  • the ceramic products 4 After passing through the printing device 9, the ceramic products 4 reach a stacking device 10 that places in a single pile 11 the products of each row 3 picked up from the conveying line 2. The piles 11 of products 4 are then taken to a storage zone, that is not shown, where they can be examined by the personnel in charge of maintenance and supervision of the system.
  • Automation of the process of monitoring of the ceramic products 4 and of regulation of the kiln on the basis of said monitoring enables the time frequency to be optimised with which the monitoring is conducted in such a way as to minimise product rejects that may arise because of temporary kiln 2 malfunctions. This is particularly advantageous during night time and holiday periods of operation of the kiln 2, during which the monitoring performable by specialised personnel would be significantly less frequent, with a significant increase in the percentage of product rejects in the event of kiln 2 malfunction.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a section of a ceramics kiln 1 that is particularly suitable for being used with the system according to the invention.
  • the ceramics kiln 1 is equipped with a plurality of burners 15, arranged on each wall of the combustion chamber 14, in two rows, which may be staggered, one of which is distributed above the plane defined by the rollers 19 that convey the ceramic products 4 through the kiln 1 whereas the other is distributed below said plane.
  • the burners 15 are of the type that produces a plurality of flames directed radially in relation to the head of the burner, i.e. directed substantially on a plane parallel to the walls of the kiln.
  • the burners 15 may be of the rotating type that produces a crown of flames directed radially in relation to the head of the burner, i.e. directed substantially on a plane parallel to the walls of the kiln. This type of burner enables a more uniform temperature to be obtained in the section of the kiln, in such a way as to prevent the possibility of zones being created with noticeably different temperatures, which would negatively influence firing of the products 4.
  • thermocouple 16 With each burner 15 a respective wall thermocouple 16 is associated that detects the temperature existing along the wall of the kiln, near the respective burner 15.
  • thermocouple 16 is operationally connected to a respective regulating device 17 that controls regulating means 18 that regulates the supply to the respective burner 15.
  • the regulating devices 17 intervene on the supply to the respective burners 15 according to the temperature values detected by the thermocouples 16 and by further known thermocouples that are not shown that are installed in such a way as to measure the temperature in the central zone of the kiln.
  • the regulating devices 17 intervene by varying the supply to the burners 15 in such a way as to maintain a substantially uniform temperature inside the combustion chamber 14 of the kiln 2 on its entire section.
  • the system according to the invention can be operationally connected to the regulating devices 17, to provide regulation of the temperature in the different zones of the kiln, in order to compensate for any firing defects in the products 4.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Heat Treatment Processes (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (27)

  1. Verfahren zur Überwachung und Steuerung eines Keramik-Ofens (1), welches die folgenden Phasen enthält:
    - Entnahme nach vorgegebenen Zeitintervallen eines Musters von einem Keramikprodukt (4), das aus dem Ofen (1) austritt;
    - Messen der Flächenabmessungen und der Ebenheit eines jeden der genannten Produkte (4);
    - prüfen, ob die genannten Abmessungen und die genannte Ebenheit innerhalb der vorgegebenen Werte enthalten sind;
    - Veränderung der Einstellung des Ofens (1), wenn die genannten Abmessungen und/oder die genannte Ebenheit nicht in die genannten vorgegebenen Werte fallen.
  2. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1, bei welchem die genannte Entnahme das Aufnehmen einer Reihe von Keramikprodukten (4) von den Fördermitteln (2) enthält, angeordnet am Ausgang des genannten Ofens (1), wobei die genannte Reihe von Produkten (4) auf den genannten Fördermitteln (2) in Querrichtung angeordnet ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 1 oder 2, bei welchem die genannte Messung durch optische Abtastmittel (8) durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der Patentansprüche von 1 bis 3, bei welchem zwischen der genannten Entnahme und der genannten Messung die genannte Reihe (3) aus Keramikprodukten (4) um 90° gedreht wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Patentansprüche, bei welchem zwischen der genannten Entnahme und der genannten Messung die genannten Keramikprodukte (4) bis auf eine vorgegebene Temperatur durch Kühlmittel (7) abgekühlt werden.
  6. Verfahren nach jedem vorstehenden Patentanspruch, weiter enthaltend das Vergleichen der durch die genannte Messung erhaltenen Daten mit vorgegebenen Werten, sowie die Veränderung der Betriebsparameter des Keramik-Ofens (1) mit Hilfe der Überwachungs- und Steuermittel (13) des Ofens (1) auf der Basis der Ergebnisse des genannten Vergleichs.
  7. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 6, bei welchem der genannte Vergleich durch Datenverarbeitungsmittel (12) durchgeführt wird, die mit den genannten Überwachungs- und Steuermitteln (13) zusammenwirken.
  8. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch 6, bei welchem der genannte Vergleich durch die genannten Überwachungs- und Steuermittel (13) durchgeführt wird.
  9. Verfahren nach jedem vorstehenden Patentanspruch, weiter enthaltend, nach der genannten Messung, das Aufdrucken auf die genannten Keramikträger (4) der Identifikationsdaten der Träger selbst und der Ergebnisse der genannten Messung.
  10. verfähren nach Patentanspruch 9, bei welchem nach dem genannten Aufdrucken die Keramikträger (4) einer jeden Reihe (3) in einem jeweiligen Stapel (11) angeordnet werden.
  11. Vorrichtung zur Überwachung und Steuerung eines Keramik-Ofens (1), geeignet zum Durchführen des Verfahrens in Übereinstimmung mit einem beliebigen der Patentansprüche von 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Entnahmemittel (5) für die Keramikprodukte (4) am Ausgang des genannten Ofens (1) enthält, Kühlmittel (7) der genannten Keramikprodukte (4), optische Abtastmittel der genannten Keramikprodukte (4), sowie Überwachungs- und Steuermittel (13) des Keramik-Ofens (1), die betrieblich an die genannten optischen Abtastmittel (8) angeschlossen sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 11, bei welcher die genannten Überwachungs- und Steuermittel (13) betrieblich an die genannten optischen Abtastmittel (8) angeschlossen sind, und zwar mit Hilfe von Datenverarbeitungsmitteln (12).
  13. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 11 oder 12, bei welcher die genannten Entnahmemittel (5) jedes Mal eine Reihe (3) von Keramikprodukten (4) von einem Förderer (2) aufnehmen, welcher am Ausgang des genannten Ofens angeordnet ist (1).
  14. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 13, ausserdem enthaltend Drehmittel, um die genannte Reihe (3) von Keramikprodukten (4) um 90° zu drehen.
  15. Vorrichtung nach den Patentansprüchen von 11 bis 14, ausserdem enthaltend einen weiteren Förderer (6) zum Transportieren der durch die genannten Entnahmemittel (5) aufgenommenen Keramikprodukte (4).
  16. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 15, bei welcher die genannten Kühlmittel (7) und die genannten optischen Abtastmittel (8) entlang dem genannten weiteren Förderer (6) angeordnet sind.
  17. vorrichtung nach den Patentansprüchen von 11 bis 16, ausserdem enthaltend Aufdruckmittel (9), geeignet zum Bedrucken der genannten Keramikprodukte (4).
  18. vorrichtung nach den Patentansprüchen von 11 bis 17, ausserdem enthaltend Stapelmittel (10), geeignet zum Stapeln der genannten Keramikprodukte (4).
  19. vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 18, bei welcher die genannten Stapelmittel (10) eine jeweilige einzelne Reihe (3) von Keramikprodukten (4) zu einem einzelnen Stapel (11) schichten.
  20. Vorrichtung nach den Patentansprüchen von 17 bis 19, bei welcher die genannten Aufdruckmittel (9) und die genannten Stapelmittel (10) aufeinanderfolgend entlang dem genannten weiteren Förderer (6) im Anschluss an die genannten optischen Abtastmitteln (8) angeordnet sind.
  21. vorrichtung nach den Patentansprüchen von 11 bis 20, bei welcher der genannte Keramik-Ofen (1) eine Brennkammer (14) enthält, innerhalb welcher die genannten Keramikprodukte (4) durch angetriebene Rollen (20) transportiert werden, wobei an den entgegengesetzten Wänden der genannten Brennkammer (14) Reihen von Brennern (15) angeordnet sind, und wobei jeder der genannten Brenner (15) von einem Typ ist, der eine Anzahl von Flammen erzeugt, die im wesentlichen auf einer Ebene parallel zu den genannten Wänden verteilt sind.
  22. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 21, bei welcher die genannten Brenner (15) vom drehenden Typ sind und die genannte Anzahl von Flammen ein Flammenkranz ist, verteilt auf der genannten Ebene.
  23. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 21 oder 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an jeder Wand der genannten Brennkammer (14) eine erste und eine zweite Reihe der genannten Brenner (15) angeordnet sind, wobei die genannte erste Reihe oberhalb der genannten Rollen (19) angeordnet ist und die genannte zweite Reihe unterhalb der genannten Rollen (19) angeordnet ist.
  24. Vorrichtung nach Patentanspruch 23, bei welcher die genannten ersten und zweiten Reihen zueinander versetzt sind.
  25. Vorrichtung nach den Patentansprüchen von 21 bis 24, bei welcher jeder Brenner (15) einem jeweiligen Wand-Thermoelement (16) zugeordnet ist.
  26. Vorrichtung nach den Patentanspruch 25, bei welcher jedes Wand-Thermoelement (16) betrieblich mit einer jeweiligen Reguliervorrichtung (17) verbunden ist, in der Lage, mit Reguliermitteln (18) zusammenzuwirken, die geeignet sind, die Zufuhr an die jeweiligen Brenner (15) zu regulieren.
  27. Vorrichtung nach den Patentanspruch 26, bei welcher die genannte Reguliervorrichtung (17) betrieblich mit den genannten Überwachungs- und Steuermitteln (13) verbunden ist.
EP04017200A 2003-07-25 2004-07-21 Anordnung zur Steuerung eines Keramik-Ofens Not-in-force EP1500889B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04017200T PL1500889T3 (pl) 2003-07-25 2004-07-21 Układ monitorowania pieca do wyrobów ceramicznych

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000218A ITMO20030218A1 (it) 2003-07-25 2003-07-25 Sistema di controllo di un forno ceramico.
ITMO20030218 2003-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1500889A1 EP1500889A1 (de) 2005-01-26
EP1500889B1 true EP1500889B1 (de) 2008-09-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04017200A Not-in-force EP1500889B1 (de) 2003-07-25 2004-07-21 Anordnung zur Steuerung eines Keramik-Ofens

Country Status (7)

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EP (1) EP1500889B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE408108T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004016428D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2312889T3 (de)
IT (1) ITMO20030218A1 (de)
PL (1) PL1500889T3 (de)
PT (1) PT1500889E (de)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITRE20060007A1 (it) 2006-01-26 2007-07-27 Sacmi Forni Spa Metodo e apparecchiatura per la gestione ottimizzata di un forno di cottura per piastrelle ceramiche.
ITRE20060094A1 (it) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-29 Sacmi Forni Spa Forno a tunnel per manufatti ceramici
CN101943519B (zh) * 2009-07-08 2012-08-08 王文庭 砖坯自动调节装置
ITMO20110146A1 (it) * 2011-06-13 2012-12-14 Tck S R L Dispositivo per modulare l'aria combustibile in impianti di combustione a gas di forni.
CN106743524B (zh) * 2017-03-10 2019-06-11 胡珂 一种可以自动检测瓷砖平整度的瓷砖包装方法
CN106742195B (zh) * 2017-03-10 2019-08-30 余志浩 一种清洁型可以自动检测瓷砖平整度的瓷砖包装装置
CN106742382B (zh) * 2017-03-10 2019-04-12 深圳市洪涛装饰股份有限公司 一种可以自动检测瓷砖平整度的瓷砖包装装置
EP4241951A1 (de) * 2022-03-07 2023-09-13 Marazzi Group Srl Verfahren zur herstellung von einer keramikfliese und eine ausrüstung zur herstellung einer keramikfliese

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US4550551A (en) * 1983-02-09 1985-11-05 Desantis Raymond P Sagger loader and conveyor apparatus and method
JPS62238329A (ja) * 1986-04-08 1987-10-19 Toshiba Corp 連続加熱炉の炉温設定装置
EP0286984B1 (de) * 1987-04-16 1991-10-16 ITALIMPIANTI Società Italiana Impianti p.a. Erwärmungsofen mit rotierende Flammen erzeugenden Brennern für Brammen und Blöcke
DE4137148A1 (de) * 1991-11-12 1993-05-13 Transtec Verfahren zur steuerung eines tunnelofens
DE4141050C2 (de) * 1991-12-13 2000-07-27 Lippert Masch Stahlbau J Anlage zum Manipulieren von keramischem Gut und von Brennhilfsmitteln
DE59605875D1 (de) * 1995-12-28 2000-10-19 Eisenmann Kg Maschbau Verfahren zum Transport nassgepresster, vielfach gelochter Ziegel sowie Transporteinrichtung hierzu
DE19945686A1 (de) * 1999-08-23 2001-03-08 Siemens Ag Anlage zur Herstellung von Keramikprodukten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ITMO20030218A1 (it) 2005-01-26
PL1500889T3 (pl) 2009-02-27
ES2312889T3 (es) 2009-03-01
ATE408108T1 (de) 2008-09-15
PT1500889E (pt) 2008-12-05
DE602004016428D1 (de) 2008-10-23
ITMO20030218A0 (it) 2003-07-25
EP1500889A1 (de) 2005-01-26

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