EP1492953B1 - Combined fuel injection valve/ignition plug - Google Patents

Combined fuel injection valve/ignition plug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1492953B1
EP1492953B1 EP03745245A EP03745245A EP1492953B1 EP 1492953 B1 EP1492953 B1 EP 1492953B1 EP 03745245 A EP03745245 A EP 03745245A EP 03745245 A EP03745245 A EP 03745245A EP 1492953 B1 EP1492953 B1 EP 1492953B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel injection
injection valve
spark plug
electrodes
spark
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EP03745245A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1492953A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Vogel
Werner Herden
Rainer Ecker
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/22—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation having two or more electrodes embedded in insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/06—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices the devices being sparking plugs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve with integrated spark plug (fuel injector spark plug combination) according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a fuel injector with an integrated spark plug is known.
  • the fuel injector with integrated spark plug is used for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • the compact integration of a fuel injection valve with a spark plug installation space can be saved on the cylinder head of the engine.
  • the known fuel injection valve with integrated spark plug has a valve body which, together with an actuatable by means of a valve needle valve closing body forms a sealing seat, which is adjoined by an opening facing the combustion chamber end face of the valve body ejection opening.
  • the valve body is high-voltage resistant isolated by a ceramic insulating body of a screwed into the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine housing body.
  • On the housing body is a ground electrode to a counter potential to the high voltage applied to form valve body.
  • JP 57 000 361 A a combination of fuel injection valve and spark plug for an internal combustion engine known. Via a nozzle, a fuel is sprayed from the fuel injection valve into the combustion chamber. This mixture spreads tapered from the point of injection and surrounds the spark gap located under the nozzle.
  • the fuel injector spark plug combination according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the spark gap of the spark plug is so short that even low voltages sufficient to generate a spark.
  • Width of the spark gap is between 50 and 300 microns in an axial distance of 3 to 15 mm in front of the injection opening. It is likewise advantageous that the parts of the electrodes running parallel to an end face of the housing have the same length, which simplifies their manufacture.
  • the electrodes can be formed almost arbitrarily, so that each installation and injection situation can be taken into account.
  • the electrodes can be bent in a right-angle or part-circular manner both in the radial and in the axial direction.
  • the ends of the electrodes are chamfered or conically tapered to facilitate flashover.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic partial longitudinal section of the discharge end of a fuel injection valve 1 with integrated spark plug 2 (fuel injector spark plug combination) for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compression, spark-ignited internal combustion engine and for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber.
  • spark plug 2 fuel injector spark plug combination
  • the fuel injection valve 1 in this case has a nozzle body 3 and a valve seat body 4. In the valve seat body 4 more, in the present embodiment, for example, five spray openings 5 are arranged.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has a valve needle 6, which is arranged in the nozzle body 3.
  • the valve needle 6 has at its discharge end a valve closing body 7, which with a formed on the valve seat body 4 valve seat surface. 8 forms a sealing seat. According to the invention it is an inwardly opening fuel injection valve. 1
  • the fuel injection valve 1 can be embodied as an electromagnetically operable fuel injection valve 1 or also have a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator for actuation.
  • the spark plug 2 consists of a candle block 9, which preferably consists of a ceramic material, as well as a first electrode 10 disposed therein.
  • the first electrode 10 is electrically contacted by a not further illustrated ignition device.
  • the spark plug 2 and the fuel injection valve 1 are arranged in a common housing 11. At least one second electrode 12 is fixed to the common housing 11 so that a spark gap 13 is formed between the electrodes 10 and 12.
  • the spark gap 13 has a very small width, which is only 50 to 300 ⁇ m, and is 3 to 15 mm away from the spray-discharge openings 5 of the fuel injection valve 1.
  • the small width of the spark gap 13 is advantageous in that the ignition voltage, which is required to generate a spark between the electrodes 10 and 12, considerably lower than in conventional spark plugs. It varies between 5 and 8 kV, while the ignition voltage requirement for conventional spark plugs is around 25 kV.
  • the electrodes 10 and 12 are also protected, since the electrode erosion can be greatly reduced by capacitive discharge, since this depends on the square of the voltage.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show two embodiments of a corresponding arrangement of the electrodes 10 and 12 according to the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of an inventively designed fuel injector 1 with integrated spark plug 2.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 2B is not the subject of the invention.
  • the viewing direction is directed in each case against the direction of discharge of the fuel -on the valve seat body 4 of the fuel injection valve 1.
  • Fig. 2A the electrodes 10 and 12 are linear and are diametrically opposed to each other. This has the advantage of particularly easy manufacturability, since the electrodes only at right angles, as in Fig. 1 displayed, bent and otherwise do not need to be further processed.
  • Fig. 2B illustrated electrodes 10 and 12 are made bent, so that the second electrode 12 is not the first electrode 10, as in Fig. 2A represented, diametrically opposed, but together with this at least partially forms a circle.
  • This has the advantage that the common housing 11 of the fuel injection valve 1 and the spark plug 2 can be made considerably slimmer and as a result, the required installation space in the cylinder head can be reduced.
  • the electrodes 10 and 12 are arranged so that the spark gap 13 is always disposed within the sprayed through the spray orifices 5 mixture cloud.
  • the spark gap 13 can, as in Fig. 3A represented axially on a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve 1 centered on the concentric rings of injection openings 5 of the fuel injection valve 1 may be arranged, whereby the mixture cloud is ignited in the center. Thereafter, the mixture cloud can burn through very quickly, since the flame paths in the outer regions of the mixture cloud only about half as long as in a marginal arrangement of the spark plug 2, which flames the mixture cloud first in a peripheral region.
  • Fig. 3B shows a further possibility of the arrangement of the spark gap 13 relative to the ejection openings 5.
  • the possibility is not the subject of the invention.
  • a suitable placement of the spark gap 13 can be avoided, for example, that the electrodes 10 and 12 are injected too much directly, which would increase the coking of the electrodes 10 and 12 and thus malfunction and resulting misfires.
  • the most central possible arrangement of the spark gap 13 is maintained in order to exploit the short flame paths can.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4C show possible forms of the electrodes 10 and 12, which can be advantageously used in the inventively designed fuel injector 1 with integrated spark plug 2.
  • Fig. 4A shows electrodes 10 and 12, which are inclined at right angles to each other, with ends 14 of the electrodes 10, 12 bevelled or even conically shaped to promote the flashover.
  • the perpendicular bent electrodes extend parallel to an end face of the housing 11.
  • Fig. 4C The electrodes 10 and 12 tilt towards each other to an angle, whereby the arrangement is particularly easy to produce.
  • This embodiment is not the subject of the invention.
  • the ends 14 of the electrodes 10, 12 are at least bevelled or even tapered to promote the flashover.
  • Figs. 5A and 5B show a known example of a fuel injection valve 1 with integrated spark plug 2, wherein the fuel injection valve 1 in contrast to that in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown fuel injector 1 is designed as an outwardly opening fuel injector 1.
  • Fig. 5A shows a highly schematic side view of the discharge end of the fuel injection valve 1 and the integrated spark plug 2.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 has, as in the previous embodiment, a nozzle body 3, in which a valve needle 6 is guided.
  • the valve needle 6 has at its discharge end a valve closing body 7, which forms a sealing seat with a formed on a valve seat body 4 valve seat surface 8. Due to the conical shape of the valve closing body 7, the fuel injection valve 1 sprays off a cone-shaped mixture cloud 15.
  • Fig. 5A the axial length of the electrodes 10, 12 is dimensioned so that the mixture cloud 15, the electrodes 10, 12 and the intervening spark gap 13 is not completely enveloped, but tangentially brushes.
  • Fig. 5B illustrates which a plan view of the discharge-side end of the fuel injection valve 1 and the spark plug 2 against the Abspritzetti shows.
  • the axial height above the exit region of the fuel is about 5mm. It can be seen that the opening angle of the cone-shaped mixture cloud 15 is just so far that the spark gap 13 is in the range of the stoichiometric mixture, without being injected directly. This is for the life of the spark plug 2 is advantageous because the thermal shock load is not so strong and the electrodes 10, 12 less prone to electrode erosion.
  • FIGS. 6A to 6D shown diagrams of the injection and ignition process in different load conditions of the internal combustion engine.
  • Fig. 6A shows schematically a simplified representation of the curve of the load M as a function of the speed n of the internal combustion engine.
  • Operating states within the horizontally hatched area are referred to as stratified charge mode or partial load mode, while operating states within the vertically shaded area are referred to as homogeneous, homogeneous lean or full load.
  • the FIGS. 6B and 6D refer to an operating state from the area of the stratified charge mode, while Fig. 6C represents an operating state from the range of the homogeneous operation.
  • Fig. 6B represents a possible injection and ignition process, which shows an injection phase over a time t i over a crankshaft angle range ° KW. Ignition occurs shortly after the beginning of injection before top dead center.
  • Fig. 6D illustrated injection and ignition possible, in which after the actual injection, a very small injection for ignition takes place.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and is applicable to any construction of fuel injection valves 1 and spark plugs 2 as defined in the appended claims.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injection valve (1) with integrated ignition plug (2), which comprises a fuel injection valve (1) for directly injecting fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and an ignition plug (2) for igniting the fuel present in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Said ignition plug comprises a spark plug insulator (9) with a first electrode (10) and a second electrode (12) that is spaced from the first electrode (10) by a spark gap (13). The fuel injection valve (1) and the spark plug insulator (9) of the ignition plug (2) are disposed in a common housing (11). The spark gap (13) has a width of 50 to 300 µm and is disposed at a distance of 3 to 10 mm upstream of the fuel injection valve (1).

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit integrierter Zündkerze (Brennstoffeinspritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombination) nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs.The invention relates to a fuel injection valve with integrated spark plug (fuel injector spark plug combination) according to the preamble of the main claim.

Aus der EP 0 661 446 Al ist ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einer integrierten Zündkerze bekannt. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit integrierter Zündkerze dient zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine und zum Zünden des in den Brennraum eingespritzten Brennstoffs. Durch die kompakte Integration eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils mit einer Zündkerze kann Einbauraum am Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine eingespart werden. Das bekannte Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit integrierter Zündkerze weist einen Ventilkörper auf, der zusammen mit einem mittels einer Ventilnadel betätigbaren Ventilschließkörper einen Dichtsitz bildet, an welchen sich eine an einer dem Brennraum zugewandten Stirnfläche des Ventilkörpers ausmündende Abspritzöffnung anschließt. Der Ventilkörper ist durch einen keramischen Isolationskörper von einem in den Zylinderkopf der Brennkraftmaschine einschraubbaren Gehäusekörper hochspannungsfest isoliert. An dem Gehäusekörper befindet sich eine Masseelektrode, um ein Gegenpotential zu dem mit Hochspannung beaufschlagten ventilkörper zu bilden. Bei Beaufschlagung des Ventilkörpers mit einer ausreichenden Hochspannung erfolgt ein Funkenüberschlag zwischen dem Ventilkörper und der mit dem Gehäusekörper verbundenen Masseelektrode.From the EP 0 661 446 A1 a fuel injector with an integrated spark plug is known. The fuel injector with integrated spark plug is used for direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine and for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber. The compact integration of a fuel injection valve with a spark plug installation space can be saved on the cylinder head of the engine. The known fuel injection valve with integrated spark plug has a valve body which, together with an actuatable by means of a valve needle valve closing body forms a sealing seat, which is adjoined by an opening facing the combustion chamber end face of the valve body ejection opening. The valve body is high-voltage resistant isolated by a ceramic insulating body of a screwed into the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine housing body. On the housing body is a ground electrode to a counter potential to the high voltage applied to form valve body. When the valve body is acted upon with a sufficient high voltage, a sparkover occurs between the valve body and the ground electrode connected to the housing body.

Bei dem bekannten Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit integrierter Zündkerze ist jedoch nachteilig, daß die Position des Funkenüberschlags bezüglich des von der Abspritzöffnung abgespritzten Brennstoffstrahls nicht definiert ist, da der Funkenüberschlag an einer nahezu beliebigen Stelle im seitlichen Bereich eines Vorsprungs des Ventilkörpers erfolgen kann. Eine sichere Zündung der sogenannten Strahlwurzel des von der Abspritzöffnung abgespritzten Brennstoffstrahls ist bei dieser bekannten Bauweise nicht mit der notwendigen Sicherheit möglich. Eine sichere und zeitlich exakt definierte Entflammung des Brennstoffstrahls ist jedoch für eine Schadstoffreduzierung unbedingt erforderlich. Ferner kann an der Austrittsöffnung des Brennstoffstrahls eine stetig fortschreitende Verrußung oder Verkokung auftreten, die die abgespritzte Strahlform beeinflußt. Außerdem ist nachteilig, daß die Keramikumspritzung des Brennstoffeinspritzventils relativ kostenintensiv ist.In the known fuel injection valve with integrated spark plug, however, it is disadvantageous that the position of the flashover with respect to the ejected from the ejection port fuel jet is not defined, since the flashover can take place at an almost arbitrary position in the lateral region of a projection of the valve body. A reliable ignition of the so-called jet root of the ejected from the spray discharge fuel jet is not possible in this known construction with the necessary security. However, a safe and timely exactly defined ignition of the fuel jet is absolutely necessary for reducing pollutants. Furthermore, at the outlet opening of the fuel jet, a steadily progressing fouling or coking can occur, which affects the ejected jet shape. In addition, it is disadvantageous that the ceramic injection of the fuel injection valve is relatively expensive.

Weiterhin ist von Nachteil, daß die Betriebsspannung, welche zur Erzeugung eines Zündfunkens benötigt wird, normalerweise bei bis zu 25 kV liegt, wodurch einerseits die Komponenten, welche zur Spannungserzeugung bzw. - transformation benötigt werden, kostenintensiv und platzaufwendig und andererseits bedingt durch die hohen Spannungen stark belastet und daher von geringer Lebensdauer sind.Another disadvantage is that the operating voltage, which is needed to generate a spark, is usually up to 25 kV, which on the one hand, the components that are required for voltage generation or - transformation, costly and space consuming and on the other hand due to the high voltages heavily loaded and therefore of low life.

Ferner ist aus der Zusammenfassung der JP 57 000 361 A eine Kombination aus Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Zündkerze für einen Verbrennungsmotor bekannt. Über eine Düse wird von dem Brennstoffeinspritzventil ein Brennstoff in die Verbrennungskammer gesprüht. Dieses Gemisch breitet sich kegelförmig vom Ort der Einspritzung aus und umgibt die unter der Düse angebrachte Funkenstrecke.Furthermore, from the summary of JP 57 000 361 A a combination of fuel injection valve and spark plug for an internal combustion engine known. Via a nozzle, a fuel is sprayed from the fuel injection valve into the combustion chamber. This mixture spreads tapered from the point of injection and surrounds the spark gap located under the nozzle.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Brennstoffeinspritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombination mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die Funkenstrecke der Zündkerze so kurz ist, daß bereits geringe Spannungen ausreichen, um einen Zündfunken zu erzeugen. DieThe fuel injector spark plug combination according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the spark gap of the spark plug is so short that even low voltages sufficient to generate a spark. The

Weite der Funkenstrecke beträgt dabei zwischen 50 und 300 µm in einem axialen Abstand von 3 bis 15 mm vor der Abspritzöffnung. Von Vorteil ist ebenfalls, dass die parallel zu einer Stirnseite des Gehäuses verlaufenden Teile der Elektroden die gleiche Länge aufweisen, wodurch sich deren Herstellung vereinfacht.Width of the spark gap is between 50 and 300 microns in an axial distance of 3 to 15 mm in front of the injection opening. It is likewise advantageous that the parts of the electrodes running parallel to an end face of the housing have the same length, which simplifies their manufacture.

Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Brennstoffeinspritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombination möglich.The measures listed in the dependent claims advantageous refinements and improvements of the main claim fuel injector spark plug combination are possible.

Insbesondere ist dabei von Vorteil, daß die Elektroden nahezu beliebig geformt sein können, so daß jeder Einbau- und Einspritzsituation Rechnung getragen werden kann. Die Elektroden können dabei sowohl in radialer als auch in axialer Richtung rechtwinklig oder teilkreisförmig gebogen sein.In particular, it is advantageous that the electrodes can be formed almost arbitrarily, so that each installation and injection situation can be taken into account. The electrodes can be bent in a right-angle or part-circular manner both in the radial and in the axial direction.

Vorteilhafterweise sind die Enden der Elektroden abgeschrägt oder kegelförmig zugespitzt, um den Funkenüberschlag zu erleichtern.Advantageously, the ends of the electrodes are chamfered or conically tapered to facilitate flashover.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung vereinfacht dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen schematischen Schnitt durch das abspritzseitige Ende eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffeinspritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombination;
Fig. 2A-B
schematische Aufsichten entgegen der Abspritzrichtung auf zwei mögliche Anordnungen der Elektroden der Zündkerze; Fig. 2B ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.
Fig. 3A-B
schematische Aufsichten entgegen der Abspritzrichtung auf zwei mögliche Anordnungen der Funkenstrecke; Fig. 3B ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.
Fig. 4A-C
schematische Darstellungen verschiedener Formen der Elektroden; Fig.C ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung.
Fig. 5A-B
verschiedene Ansichten des abspritzseitigen Endes einer bekannten Brennstoffeinspritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombination; und
Fig. 6A-D
Diagramme des Einspritz- und Zündverlaufs in verschiedenen Betriebszuständen einer mit den erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffein- spritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombinationen ausgestatteten Brennkraftmaschine.
Embodiments of the invention are shown in simplified form in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic section through the discharge-side end of a first embodiment of a fuel injection valve spark plug combination according to the invention;
Fig. 2A-B
schematic plan views against the Abspritzrichtung on two possible arrangements of the electrodes of the spark plug; Fig. 2B is not the subject of the invention.
Fig. 3A-B
schematic plan views against the Abspritzrichtung on two possible arrangements of the spark gap; Fig. 3B is not the subject of the invention.
Fig. 4A-C
schematic representations of different shapes of the electrodes; Fig.C is not the subject of the invention.
Fig. 5A-B
various views of the discharge end of a known fuel injector spark plug combination; and
Fig. 6A-D
Diagrams of the injection and Zündverlaufs in various operating conditions of an equipped with the invention inventively designed fuel injection valve spark plug combinations engine.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

In Fig. 1 ist ein schematischer Teillängsschnitt des abspritzseitigen Endes eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 mit integrierter Zündkerze 2 (Brennstoffeinspritzventil-Zündkerze-Kombination) zum direkten Einspritzen von Brennstoff in einen Brennraum einer gemischverdichtenden, fremdgezündeten Brennkraftmaschine und zum Zünden des in den Brennraum eingespritzten Brennstoffs dargestellt.In Fig. 1 is a schematic partial longitudinal section of the discharge end of a fuel injection valve 1 with integrated spark plug 2 (fuel injector spark plug combination) for direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber of a mixture-compression, spark-ignited internal combustion engine and for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber.

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 weist dabei einen Düsenkörper 3 und einen Ventilsitzkörper 4 auf. In dem Ventilsitzkörper 4 sind mehrere, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel beispielsweise fünf Abspritzöffnungen 5 angeordnet. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 weist eine Ventilnadel 6 auf, welche in dem Düsenkörper 3 angeordnet ist. Die Ventilnadel 6 weist an ihrem abspritzseitigen Ende einen Ventilschließkörper 7 auf, welcher mit einer an dem Ventilsitzkörper 4 ausgebildeten Ventilsitzfläche 8 einen Dichtsitz bildet. Erfindungsgemäß handelt es sich um ein nach innen öffnendes Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1.The fuel injection valve 1 in this case has a nozzle body 3 and a valve seat body 4. In the valve seat body 4 more, in the present embodiment, for example, five spray openings 5 are arranged. The fuel injection valve 1 has a valve needle 6, which is arranged in the nozzle body 3. The valve needle 6 has at its discharge end a valve closing body 7, which with a formed on the valve seat body 4 valve seat surface. 8 forms a sealing seat. According to the invention it is an inwardly opening fuel injection valve. 1

Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 kann dabei als elektromagnetisch betätigbares Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 ausgebildet sein oder auch über einen piezoelektrischen oder magnetostriktiven Aktor zur Betätigung verfügen.The fuel injection valve 1 can be embodied as an electromagnetically operable fuel injection valve 1 or also have a piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuator for actuation.

Die Zündkerze 2 besteht aus einem Kerzenstein 9, der vorzugsweise aus einem Keramikmaterial besteht, sowie einer darin angeordneten ersten Elektrode 10. Die erste Elektrode 10 ist elektrisch durch ein nicht weiter dargestelltes Zündgerät kontaktierbar. Die Zündkerze 2 und das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 sind in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse 11 angeordnet. Mindestens eine zweite Elektrode 12 ist an dem gemeinsamen Gehäuse 11 so fixiert, daß zwischen den Elektroden 10 und 12 eine Funkenstrecke 13 ausgebildet ist. Durch den Einbau der Zündkerze 2 und des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 in dem gemeinsamen Gehäuse 11 kann der Einbauraum, welcher sonst für eine getrennt angeordnete Zündkerze 2 aufgewandt werden muß, eingespart werden.The spark plug 2 consists of a candle block 9, which preferably consists of a ceramic material, as well as a first electrode 10 disposed therein. The first electrode 10 is electrically contacted by a not further illustrated ignition device. The spark plug 2 and the fuel injection valve 1 are arranged in a common housing 11. At least one second electrode 12 is fixed to the common housing 11 so that a spark gap 13 is formed between the electrodes 10 and 12. By installing the spark plug 2 and the fuel injection valve 1 in the common housing 11, the installation space, which otherwise must be expended for a separately arranged spark plug 2, can be saved.

Die Funkenstrecke 13 weist dabei erfindungsgemäß eine sehr geringe Weite auf, welche bei nur 50 bis 300 µm liegt, und ist 3 bis 15 mm von den Abspritzöffnungen 5 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 entfernt. Die geringe Weite der Funkenstrecke 13 ist insofern von Vorteil, als die Zündspannung, welche benötigt wird, um einen Zündfunken zwischen den Elektroden 10 und 12 zu erzeugen, erheblich niedriger als bei herkömmlichen Zündkerzen liegt. Sie variiert zwischen 5 und 8 kV, während der Zündspannungsbedarf bei herkömmlichen Zündkerzen bei etwa 25 kV liegt.According to the invention, the spark gap 13 has a very small width, which is only 50 to 300 μm, and is 3 to 15 mm away from the spray-discharge openings 5 of the fuel injection valve 1. The small width of the spark gap 13 is advantageous in that the ignition voltage, which is required to generate a spark between the electrodes 10 and 12, considerably lower than in conventional spark plugs. It varies between 5 and 8 kV, while the ignition voltage requirement for conventional spark plugs is around 25 kV.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die die Zündspannung bereitstellenden Bauteile weniger leistungsstark ausgelegt werden müssen, wodurch die Herstellung kostengünstiger wird. Zudem ist die Belastung der elektrischen Komponenten geringer, was zu längeren Lebensdauern führt.This has the advantage that the ignition voltage providing components must be designed less powerful, making the production is cheaper. In addition, the load on the electrical components is lower, resulting in longer lifetimes.

Die Elektroden 10 und 12 werden ebenfalls geschont, da die Elektrodenerosion durch kapazitive Entladung stark verringert werden kann, da diese vom Quadrat der Spannung abhängt.The electrodes 10 and 12 are also protected, since the electrode erosion can be greatly reduced by capacitive discharge, since this depends on the square of the voltage.

Die Fig. 2A und 2B zeigen zwei Ausführungsbeispiele für eine entsprechende Anordnung der Elektroden 10 und 12 gemäß dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 mit integrierter Zündkerze 2. Das Ausführungsbeispiel in Figur 2B ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung. Die Blickrichtung ist dabei jeweils entgegen der Abspritzrichtung des Brennstoffs -auf den Ventilsitzkörper 4 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 gerichtet.The FIGS. 2A and 2B show two embodiments of a corresponding arrangement of the electrodes 10 and 12 according to the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment of an inventively designed fuel injector 1 with integrated spark plug 2. The embodiment in FIG. 2B is not the subject of the invention. The viewing direction is directed in each case against the direction of discharge of the fuel -on the valve seat body 4 of the fuel injection valve 1.

In Fig. 2A sind die Elektroden 10 und 12 linear ausgebildet und stehen einander diametral gegenüber. Dies hat den Vorteil besonders einfacher Herstellbarkeit, da die Elektroden lediglich im rechten Winkel, wie in Fig. 1 dargestellt, abgebogen werden und ansonsten nicht weiterbearbeitet werden müssen.In Fig. 2A the electrodes 10 and 12 are linear and are diametrically opposed to each other. This has the advantage of particularly easy manufacturability, since the electrodes only at right angles, as in Fig. 1 displayed, bent and otherwise do not need to be further processed.

Die in Fig. 2B dargestellten Elektroden 10 und 12 sind gebogen ausgeführt, so daß die zweite Elektrode 12 nicht der ersten Elektrode 10, wie in Fig. 2A dargestellt, diametral gegenübersteht, sondern zusammen mit dieser zumindest teilweise einen Kreis bildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß das gemeinsame Gehäuse 11 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 und der Zündkerze 2 erheblich schlanker gestaltet werden kann und resultierend der benötigte Einbauraum im Zylinderkopf reduziert werden kann.In the Fig. 2B illustrated electrodes 10 and 12 are made bent, so that the second electrode 12 is not the first electrode 10, as in Fig. 2A represented, diametrically opposed, but together with this at least partially forms a circle. This has the advantage that the common housing 11 of the fuel injection valve 1 and the spark plug 2 can be made considerably slimmer and as a result, the required installation space in the cylinder head can be reduced.

Wie bereits aus den Fig. 1, 2A uns 2B zu erkennen, sind die Elektroden 10 und 12 so angeordnet, daß die Funkenstrecke 13 immer innerhalb der durch die Abspritzöffnungen 5 abgespritzten Gemischwolke angeordnet ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Gemischwolke durch die stets vorhandene Gemischströmung und die daraus resultierende Funkenauslenkung sicher entflammen kann. Die Funkenstrecke 13 kann dabei, wie in Fig. 3A dargestellt, axial auf einer Längsachse des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 zentriert über den konzentrischen Ringen von Abspritzöffnungen 5 des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 angeordnet sein, wodurch die Gemischwolke im Zentrum entflammt wird. Danach kann die Gemischwolke sehr schnell durchbrennen, da die Flammwege in die Außenbereiche der Gemischwolke nur etwa halb so lang sind wie bei einer randständigen Anordnung der Zündkerze 2, welche die Gemischwolke zuerst in einem Randbereich entflammt.As already from the Fig. 1, 2A To recognize us 2B, the electrodes 10 and 12 are arranged so that the spark gap 13 is always disposed within the sprayed through the spray orifices 5 mixture cloud. This has the advantage that the mixture cloud through the ever-present Mixture flow and the resulting spark excursion can safely ignite. The spark gap 13 can, as in Fig. 3A represented axially on a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve 1 centered on the concentric rings of injection openings 5 of the fuel injection valve 1 may be arranged, whereby the mixture cloud is ignited in the center. Thereafter, the mixture cloud can burn through very quickly, since the flame paths in the outer regions of the mixture cloud only about half as long as in a marginal arrangement of the spark plug 2, which flames the mixture cloud first in a peripheral region.

Fig. 3B zeigt eine weitere Möglichkeit der Anordnung der Funkenstrecke 13 relativ zu den Abspritzöffnungen 5. Die Möglichkeit ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung. Durch eine geeignete Plazierung der Funkenstrecke 13 kann beispielsweise vermieden werden, daß die Elektroden 10 und 12 zu stark direkt angespritzt werden, was die Verkokung der Elektroden 10 und 12 und damit Fehlfunktionen und resultierende Zündaussetzer verstärken würde. Andererseits bleibt aber eine möglichst zentrale Anordnung der Funkenstrecke 13 erhalten, um die kurzen Flammwege ausnutzen zu können. Fig. 3B shows a further possibility of the arrangement of the spark gap 13 relative to the ejection openings 5. The possibility is not the subject of the invention. By a suitable placement of the spark gap 13 can be avoided, for example, that the electrodes 10 and 12 are injected too much directly, which would increase the coking of the electrodes 10 and 12 and thus malfunction and resulting misfires. On the other hand, however, the most central possible arrangement of the spark gap 13 is maintained in order to exploit the short flame paths can.

Die Fig. 4A bis 4C zeigen mögliche Formen der Elektroden 10 und 12, welche vorteilhaft in dem erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 mit integrierter Zündkerze 2 einsetzbar sind.The FIGS. 4A to 4C show possible forms of the electrodes 10 and 12, which can be advantageously used in the inventively designed fuel injector 1 with integrated spark plug 2.

Fig. 4A zeigt dabei Elektroden 10 und 12, welche einander rechtwinklig zugeneigt sind, wobei Enden 14 der Elektroden 10, 12 angeschrägt oder sogar kegelförmig ausgeformt sind, um den Funkenüberschlag zu fördern. Die rechtwinkelig abgebogenen Elektroden erstrecken sich dabei parallel zu einer Stirnfläche des Gehäuses 11. Fig. 4A shows electrodes 10 and 12, which are inclined at right angles to each other, with ends 14 of the electrodes 10, 12 bevelled or even conically shaped to promote the flashover. The perpendicular bent electrodes extend parallel to an end face of the housing 11.

Die in Fig. 4B dargestellte Ausführungsform sieht vor, die Enden 14 der Elektroden 10, 12 nochmals im rechten Winkel aufzubiegen, so daß sie wieder parallel zueinander stehen.In the Fig. 4B illustrated embodiment, the ends 14 of the electrodes 10, 12 aufzubiegen again at right angles, so that they are parallel to each other again.

Dies hat den Vorteil, daß die Funkenstrecke 13 eine gewisse Abschirmung gegenüber der Gemischströmung erfährt, so daß die Gefahr der Verkokung und nachfolgender Zündaussetzer verringert wird.This has the advantage that the spark gap 13 undergoes a certain shielding against the mixture flow, so that the risk of coking and subsequent misfiring is reduced.

In Fig. 4C neigen sich die Elektroden 10 und 12 ungewinkelt aufeinander zu, wodurch die Anordnung besonders einfach herstellbar ist. Diese Ausführungsform ist nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung. Auch hier ist zu beachten, daß die Enden 14 der Elektroden 10, 12 zumindest angeschrägt oder sogar kegelförmig ausgebildet sind, um den Funkenüberschlag zu fördern.In Fig. 4C The electrodes 10 and 12 tilt towards each other to an angle, whereby the arrangement is particularly easy to produce. This embodiment is not the subject of the invention. Again, it should be noted that the ends 14 of the electrodes 10, 12 are at least bevelled or even tapered to promote the flashover.

Fig. 5A und 5B zeigen ein, bekanntes Beispiel eines Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 mit integrierter Zündkerze 2, wobei das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 im Gegensatz zu dem in den Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 als nach außen öffnendes Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 ausgeführt ist. Figs. 5A and 5B show a known example of a fuel injection valve 1 with integrated spark plug 2, wherein the fuel injection valve 1 in contrast to that in the Fig. 1 to 3 shown fuel injector 1 is designed as an outwardly opening fuel injector 1.

Fig. 5A zeigt dabei eine stark schematisierte seitliche Ansicht des abspritzseitigen Endes des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 und der integrierten Zündkerze 2. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 weist wie im vorigen Ausführungsbeispiel einen Düsenkörper 3 auf, in welchem eine Ventilnadel 6 geführt ist. Die Ventilnadel 6 weist an ihrem abspritzseitigen Ende einen Ventilschließkörper 7 auf, welcher mit einer an einem Ventilsitzkörper 4 ausgebildeten Ventilsitzfläche 8 einen Dichtsitz bildet. Das Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 spritzt bedingt durch die kegelförmige Ausbildung des Ventilschließkörpers 7 eine kegelmantelförmige Gemischwolke 15 ab. Fig. 5A shows a highly schematic side view of the discharge end of the fuel injection valve 1 and the integrated spark plug 2. The fuel injection valve 1 has, as in the previous embodiment, a nozzle body 3, in which a valve needle 6 is guided. The valve needle 6 has at its discharge end a valve closing body 7, which forms a sealing seat with a formed on a valve seat body 4 valve seat surface 8. Due to the conical shape of the valve closing body 7, the fuel injection valve 1 sprays off a cone-shaped mixture cloud 15.

Wie aus Fig. 5A ersichtlich, ist die axiale Länge der Elektroden 10, 12 dabei so bemessen, daß die Gemischwolke 15 die Elektroden 10, 12 bzw. die dazwischenliegende Funkenstrecke 13 nicht vollständig umhüllt, sondern tangential streift. Dies wird auch in Fig. 5B verdeutlicht, welche eine Aufsicht auf das abspritzseitige Ende des Brennstoffeinspritzventils 1 und der Zündkerze 2 entgegen der Abspritzrichtung zeigt. Die axiale Höhe über dem Austrittsbereich des Brennstoffs beträgt dabei etwa 5mm. Es ist ersichtlich, daß der Öffnungswinkel der kegelmantelförmigen Gemischwolke 15 gerade so weit ist, daß die Funkenstrecke 13 im Bereich des stöchiometrischen Gemischs liegt, ohne direkt angespritzt zu werden. Dies ist für die Lebensdauer der Zündkerze 2 von Vorteil, da die Thermoschockbelastung nicht so stark ist und die Elektroden 10, 12 weniger zu Elektrodenerosion neigen.How out Fig. 5A can be seen, the axial length of the electrodes 10, 12 is dimensioned so that the mixture cloud 15, the electrodes 10, 12 and the intervening spark gap 13 is not completely enveloped, but tangentially brushes. This is also in Fig. 5B illustrates which a plan view of the discharge-side end of the fuel injection valve 1 and the spark plug 2 against the Abspritzrichtung shows. The axial height above the exit region of the fuel is about 5mm. It can be seen that the opening angle of the cone-shaped mixture cloud 15 is just so far that the spark gap 13 is in the range of the stoichiometric mixture, without being injected directly. This is for the life of the spark plug 2 is advantageous because the thermal shock load is not so strong and the electrodes 10, 12 less prone to electrode erosion.

Für das in Fig. 5A und 5B dargestellte bekannte Brennstoffeinspritzventil 1 mit integrierter Zündkerze 2 sind insbesondere auch die in den Fig. 4A bis 4C dargestellten Ausführungsformen von Elektroden 10, 12 verwendbar.For the in Figs. 5A and 5B shown known fuel injector 1 with integrated spark plug 2 are in particular also in the FIGS. 4A to 4C illustrated embodiments of electrodes 10, 12 usable.

Zur Verdeutlichung der erfindungsgemäßen konstruktiven Merkmale dienen die in den Fig. 6A bis 6D dargestellten Diagramme des Einspritz- und Zündverlaufs in verschiedenen Lastzuständen der Brennkraftmaschine.To clarify the constructive features of the invention serve in the FIGS. 6A to 6D shown diagrams of the injection and ignition process in different load conditions of the internal combustion engine.

Fig. 6A zeigt dabei schematisch eine vereinfachte Darstellung des Verlaufs der Last M in Abhängigkeit von der Drehzahl n der Brennkraftmaschine. Betriebszustände innerhalb der waagerecht schraffierten Fläche werden als Schichtladebetrieb oder Teillastbetrieb bezeichnet, während Betriebszustände innerhalb der senkrecht schraffierten Fläche als Homogen-, Homogenmagerbetrieb oder Vollastbetrieb bezeichnet werden. Die Fig. 6B und 6D beziehen sich dabei auf einen Betriebszustand aus dem Bereich des Schichtladebetriebs, während Fig. 6C einen Betriebszustand aus dem Bereich des Homogenbetriebs darstellt. Fig. 6A shows schematically a simplified representation of the curve of the load M as a function of the speed n of the internal combustion engine. Operating states within the horizontally hatched area are referred to as stratified charge mode or partial load mode, while operating states within the vertically shaded area are referred to as homogeneous, homogeneous lean or full load. The FIGS. 6B and 6D refer to an operating state from the area of the stratified charge mode, while Fig. 6C represents an operating state from the range of the homogeneous operation.

Fig. 6B stellt einen möglichen Einspritz- und Zündverlauf dar, welcher eine Einspritzphase über eine Zeit ti über einen Kurbelwellenwinkelbereich °KW zeigt. Die Zündung erfolgt kurz nach dem Beginn der Einspritzung vor dem oberen Totpunkt. Fig. 6B represents a possible injection and ignition process, which shows an injection phase over a time t i over a crankshaft angle range ° KW. Ignition occurs shortly after the beginning of injection before top dead center.

Alternativ ist auch der in Fig. 6D dargestellte Einspritz- und Zündverlauf möglich, bei welchem nach der eigentlichen Einspritzung eine Kleinstmengeneinspritzung zur Zündung erfolgt.Alternatively, the in Fig. 6D illustrated injection and ignition possible, in which after the actual injection, a very small injection for ignition takes place.

Dies ist unter der Maßgabe, daß zwischen Haupteinspritzung und Kleinstmengeneinspritzung ein größerer Kurbelwellenwinkelbereich liegt, auch für den Homogenbetrieb möglich, wie in Fig. 6C gezeigt.This is under the proviso that between main injection and small injection quantity is a larger crankshaft angle range, also possible for the homogeneous operation, as in Fig. 6C shown.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt und für beliebige Bauweisen von Brennstoffeinspritzventilen 1 und Zündkerzen 2 anwendbar, wie in den beigefügten Ansprüchen definiert.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and is applicable to any construction of fuel injection valves 1 and spark plugs 2 as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (9)

  1. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug, having a fuel injection valve (1) for directly injecting fuel through at least one ejection opening (5) into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and having a spark plug (2) for igniting the fuel injected into the combustion chamber, said spark plug having a spark plug insulating body (9) which has a first electrode (10) and having a second electrode (12) which is spaced apart from the first electrode (10) by a spark path (13),
    the fuel injection valve (1) and the spark plug insulating body (9) of the spark plug (2) being arranged in a common housing (11),
    characterized
    in that the spark path (13) has a width of 50 to 300 µm and is arranged a distance of 3 to 15 mm in front of the ejection opening (5),
    in that the fuel injection valve (1) is designed as an inwardly opening fuel injection valve (1) with a plurality of ejection openings, and
    in that those parts of the electrodes (10; 12) which run parallel to an end side of the housing (11) are of equal length.
  2. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the second electrode (12) is fixed to the common housing (11).
  3. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized
    in that the electrodes (10; 12) are of rectilinear design and are situated diametrically opposite one another.
  4. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized
    in that the electrodes (10; 12) are bent into the shape of a circular segment.
  5. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterized
    in that the electrodes (10; 12) are bevelled or taper conically at their ends (14) facing towards one another.
  6. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterized
    in that the electrodes (10; 12) are arranged parallel to a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve (1) in the housing (11) and in the spark plug (2), and are bent at right angles to form the spark path (13).
  7. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to one of Claims 1, 2, 4 and 5,
    characterized
    in that the electrodes (10; 12) are bent towards one another in a curved manner to form the spark path (13).
  8. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to one of Claims 1 to 7,
    characterized
    in that the ends (14) of the electrodes (10; 12) are bent up at right angles so as to run parallel to one another.
  9. Combined fuel injection valve/spark plug according to Claim 1,
    characterized
    in that the spark path (13) is arranged in the axial elongation of a longitudinal axis of the fuel injection valve (1).
EP03745245A 2002-03-28 2003-01-29 Combined fuel injection valve/ignition plug Expired - Lifetime EP1492953B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10214167 2002-03-28
DE10214167A DE10214167A1 (en) 2002-03-28 2002-03-28 The fuel injector-spark plug combination
PCT/DE2003/000232 WO2003083284A1 (en) 2002-03-28 2003-01-29 Combined fuel injection valve/ignition plug

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EP1492953B1 true EP1492953B1 (en) 2011-05-18

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US20050224043A1 (en) 2005-10-13
KR20040093178A (en) 2004-11-04
DE10214167A1 (en) 2003-10-09
US7077100B2 (en) 2006-07-18

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