EP1485931B1 - Elektrische einrichtung mit einem gesteuerten piezoelektrischen betätigungsglied - Google Patents

Elektrische einrichtung mit einem gesteuerten piezoelektrischen betätigungsglied Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1485931B1
EP1485931B1 EP03735776.1A EP03735776A EP1485931B1 EP 1485931 B1 EP1485931 B1 EP 1485931B1 EP 03735776 A EP03735776 A EP 03735776A EP 1485931 B1 EP1485931 B1 EP 1485931B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pole
actuator
movable
approach
contact
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP03735776.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1485931A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Bataille
Stéphane FOLLIC
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H57/00—Electrostrictive relays; Piezoelectric relays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H9/563—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for multipolar switches, e.g. different timing for different phases, selecting phase with first zero-crossing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power switch, monopolar or multipole, relay, contactor or contactor / circuit breaker, whose closing and opening movements between movable contacts and fixed contacts are performed by an approach actuator and a force actuator.
  • the invention also relates to a method for closing and opening the contacts of such a switch device.
  • An electrical switch type switch, contactor or contactor / circuit breaker is a device usually used to perform the electrical switching of a power load, such as a motor.
  • a power load such as a motor.
  • it usually comprises, for each power pole, a movable bridge driven by an actuator generally consisting of an electromagnet common to the different poles and provided with a return spring.
  • the movable bridge carries a movable contact in single cut, or two movable contacts in double cut, cooperating with one, respectively two, contact (s) fixed (s), so as to interrupt or ensure the passage of electric current in the poles of power.
  • contact pressure springs acting on the moving contacts are usually used.
  • the command of the actuator can come from a manual order of an operator or an order issued by a control automaton.
  • the instant of appearance of these orders is then obviously out of sync with the intensity of the current flowing in the different power poles of the switch device at this time.
  • a large electric current can flow in the poles thus creating, in a known manner, an electric arc of cutoff between the fixed and moving contacts.
  • This breaking arc requires a breaking chamber in the device and ultimately accelerates the wear of the contact pads deposited on the fixed and mobile contacts.
  • the electromagnet comprises for example a return member, such as a return spring, large enough to have the fastest possible separation between fixed and movable contacts.
  • a return member such as a return spring
  • a first object of the invention is to be able to ensure the cutoff between the fixed and mobile contacts of the poles of a switch device at the moment when the alternating electric current flowing in these poles is practically zero. This will reduce the electric arc generated at the cut which will advantageously reduce the wear of the contact pads. This will also result in a decrease in the external manifestations of the cuts and a simplification of the breaking chamber.
  • a second object of the invention is to be able to remove the mechanical return devices existing in such a switch device. This will advantageously reduce the size of the actuators for a given nominal current. This will result in a switch device of smaller size, simpler design, consuming less energy and whose contacts will wear less quickly.
  • the invention describes an electrical switch device according to claim 1.
  • the approach actuator is constituted by an electrically controlled linear actuator or by a Voice Coil type actuator.
  • the force actuator of a pole comprises at least one piezoelectric element acting on the fixed contact (s) of the pole.
  • the switch device comprises means for measuring the current flowing in the pole or poles connected to an electronic control unit capable of driving the approach actuator (s) and the force actuator (s). Thanks to position determination means, this control unit will allow better control of the dynamics (position, speed, effort) for optimal operation of the switch device: suppression of bounces, regulated contact pressure as a function of the current flowing in the pole, diagnosis of the wear of the pellets.
  • the invention also relates to a method of switching a pole in an electrical switch device.
  • the method is characterized in that the closing movement of the contacts comprises an approach step allowing the moving bridge to approach the fixed contact or contacts using an approach actuator and comprises a contact step allowing establishing a contact pressure between movable contacts and fixed contacts of the pole using a force actuator.
  • the method is also characterized in that the opening movement of the contacts comprises a breaking step allowing the separation between movable contacts and fixed contacts of the pole with the aid of the force actuator and comprises a step of removal. the moving bridge using the approach actuator.
  • the breaking step is performed only when the electric current flowing in the pole is below a predetermined threshold, just before the current zero crossing.
  • a power switch, relay type, contactor or contactor / circuit breaker electrical appliance comprises one or more power poles. He is in charge of electrically controlling an electric load, such as a motor, a resistor or the like.
  • the switch device comprises three power poles corresponding to the three phases L1, L2, L3 of an alternating current, for the control of a motor M.
  • a power pole has a movable bridge 30 which carries two movable contacts 31a, 31b electrically connected to each other.
  • the pole comprises two power conductors 40a, 40b, the conductor 40a corresponding, for example, to an upstream conductor and the conductor 40b corresponding to a downstream conductor of the switch device.
  • These two conductors 40a, 40b each carry at their end a fixed contact 41a, 41b respectively which come into contact with one of the movable contacts 31a, 31b, respectively, when the movable bridge 30 is in a closed position allowing the circulation of a electric current between the upstream 40a and downstream 40b conductors.
  • the end of the upstream 40a and downstream 40b conductors can form a loop so as to reduce the repulsion of the contacts in case of high current.
  • the movable bridge 30 is integral with a mechanical member 23, such as a finger, a pusher or the like, which is itself mechanically driven by the movable portion 21 of an approach actuator 20.
  • the details of a Such mechanical connections are conventional in contactors or contactors / circuit breakers and are therefore not shown in the figures of this document.
  • the approach actuator 20 is responsible for effecting the movements of the approach run and the travel distance of the moving bridge, between the open position (see FIG. figure 1 ) and an intermediate position (see figure 2 ) where the fixed contacts 41a, 41b and movable 31a, 31b are close but separated from each other, as detailed below.
  • Each power pole also comprises a force actuator 42, responsible for performing the movements of the crushing stroke of the contacts, that is to say responsible for establishing the contact pressure or the cutoff between the fixed contacts.
  • a force actuator 42 responsible for performing the movements of the crushing stroke of the contacts, that is to say responsible for establishing the contact pressure or the cutoff between the fixed contacts.
  • the force actuator 42 is constituted by one or more deformable piezoelectric elements 42a, 42b, 42 '.
  • the piezoelectric elements are already known and have the particularity of being deformed by increasing slightly under the action of a voltage. This deformation is proportional to the value of the voltage applied to them and is reversible when the voltage disappears. Such elements are therefore bistable and do not require a mechanical return member to return to the initial position. They have the advantage of consuming very little current, but nevertheless generating a high force during their increase in volume in a very fast response time. In addition, they avoid the use of moving parts and do not generate wear.
  • a power pole comprises two piezoelectric elements 42a, respectively 42b, are placed between a fixed base of the switch device and the end of the power conductors 40a, respectively 40b, carrying the two fixed contacts 41a, respectively 41b. If an electric voltage is applied thereto, the piezoelectric elements 42a, 42b will increase in volume, thus creating forces F2a, F2b (see FIG. figure 3 ) which will cause a slight deformation of the loop made by the metal conductors 40a, 40b and therefore a displacement of the fixed contacts 41a, 41b towards the movable contacts 31a, 31b.
  • the movable bridge 30 is in the intermediate position of the figure 2 this movement will then be sufficient for the fixed contacts 41a, 41b to press against each other and to exert pressure on the movable contacts 31a, 31b to give the closed position of the figure 3 .
  • the order of magnitude of the displacement thus caused is less than or equal to 1 mm.
  • the piezoelectric elements 42a, 42b are positioned on the movable bridge 30 and act on the movable contacts 31a, 31b.
  • the movable bridge 30 may comprise a metal conductor 33 connecting the movable contacts 31a, 31b to each other.
  • This conductor 33 is sufficiently flexible so that, when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric elements 42a, 42b, their increase in volume can generate a slight deformation of the conductor 33 and therefore a movement of the movable contacts 31a, 31b towards the fixed contacts. 41a, 41b.
  • this variant leads to an increase in the total weight of the movable bridge 30.
  • the switch device comprises a single approach actuator 20 for all the poles.
  • the moving part 21 of this actuator 20 therefore drives all the mechanical members 23 of the different poles.
  • the switch apparatus could include a separate approach actuator 20 for each pole. This second solution would be more flexible to use, each pole can then be controlled individually by smaller actuators, although can be more cumbersome.
  • the approach actuator 20 is an electrically controlled actuator, for example a linear bistable electromagnet.
  • the mobile part of the actuator is a movable core 21, such as a plunger made of magnetic material, surrounded by a fixed casing 22 carrying a coil traversed by a control current.
  • the approach actuator 20 acts on the movable bridges 30 (or on the movable bridge 30 if there is a pole approach actuator or if the switch device has only one pole), so as to allow the distance and the bringing together between the fixed contacts and the moving contacts.
  • the movable core 21 moves to a remote position, corresponding to the open position of the pole contacts as shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the approach actuator 20 can also be a linear actuator of the Voice Coil type in which the movable core comprises a coil, traversed by a control current, which moves inside a fixed yoke having a permanent magnet.
  • the movable core comprises a coil, traversed by a control current, which moves inside a fixed yoke having a permanent magnet.
  • Such an actuator has indeed a low response time and a very fast dynamic interesting in the present application.
  • a rotary electromagnet provided with a conventional mechanism for transforming a rotary motion into linear motion.
  • the approach actuator 20 does not therefore require the use of return members, of the return spring type, to return the movable core 21 to a predetermined initial position.
  • the actuator 20 is regulated in speed and position by a control unit 10 so as to obtain a fast approach stroke and stable positioning. This regulation in position is particularly important to maintain the movable bridge 30 in the closed position, because when the piezoelectric elements 42a, 42b generate the forces F2a, F2b, it is necessary that these forces F2a, F2b are compensated by the force F1 generated by the approach actuator 20 for maintain a good pressure between fixed and moving contacts.
  • the switch device comprises an electronic control unit 10 which is provided with a processing unit, such as a microprocessor or a microcontroller, and a memory, and which is connected to current measuring means 11 of the switch device, such as current sensors, capable of delivering signals proportional to the currents flowing in the phases L1, L2, L3.
  • the control unit 10 also receives an external control command 12 closing or opening which is derived either directly from a user command, or from an order from an automation for example. Based on this information, the control unit 10 is able to send appropriate commands to the approach actuator 20 and the force actuators 42 of the different poles.
  • control unit 10 must be able to know in real time the position of the movable core 21 to be able to regulate in position and speed the position of the approach actuator 20.
  • control unit 10 comprises means for determining the position of the mobile core 21.
  • position determination means comprise, for example, a sensor position of the movable core 21 returning a position information to the control unit 10.
  • control unit 10 does not necessarily include a position sensor because it is able to estimate this position of the mobile core 21 from the measurements of the voltage and the current flowing in the coil and of a calculation of the variation of inductance related to the variation of gap, as indicated in FIG. e document FR0200952 .
  • the fixed and movable contacts are therefore sufficiently distant not to allow the establishment of an electric current between them but are close enough that the small displacement caused during the contact step come to press the fixed contacts against mobile contacts.
  • the current sensors 11 detect the moment when the current is established in the phase corresponding to the pole. By following the evolution of this moment in time, one is then able to know the evolution of the wear of the contact pellets.
  • the step of breaking is performed independently pole by pole, at the precise moment of the passage of the current by zero, that is to say when virtually no current flows in the power poles.
  • the control unit 10 uses the signals from the current sensors 11 and proportional to the currents flowing in the phases L1, L2, L3. To eliminate the force command sent to the force actuator 42 of a pole, the control unit 10 verifies that the intensity of the current flowing in the phase corresponding to this pole is less than a predetermined maximum threshold, close to zero. By thus controlling the virtual absence of current in the pole, it is thus ensured that the separation between the fixed and mobile contacts of this pole will not generate or very little electric arc.
  • control of the actuators by the control unit 10 has the advantage of being able to adapt the control level of the actuators as a function of the currents flowing in the phases. If a high current, for example a high transient current or a current close to the short-circuit, is measured by the current sensors 11 in one or more phases, the control unit 10 is then capable of to accentuate the controls of the force actuators and to regulate the position of the approach actuator to maintain a good contact pressure in the poles.
  • each pole of the switch device comprises only a movable contact 31 'placed at one end of a movable bridge 30' and cooperating with a fixed contact 41 'placed on a fixed conductor 40', for example downstream.
  • the other end of the movable bridge 30 ' is articulated with a fixed conductor 33', for example upstream.
  • a force actuator 42 ' of piezoelectric type, is arranged between a fixed base of the switch device and the fixed conductor 40' so as to allow the establishment of the contact pressure between the fixed contact 41 'and the contact mobile 31 ', when a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element 42'.
  • the movable bridge 30 ' is connected with the movable portion 21' of an approach actuator 20 'via a mechanical member 23'. The operation of this variant is equivalent to that described above.

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  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Elektrisches Schaltgerät, das zum Schalten einer elektrischen Last dient und einen oder mehrere Leistungspole enthält, wobei jeder Pol eine bewegliche Brücke (30) aufweist, die mit mindestens einem beweglichen Kontakt (31a, 31b) versehen ist, der mit mindestens einem ortsfesten Kontakt (41a, 41b) des Pols zwischen einer offenen und einer geschlossenen Stellung zusammenwirkt, wobei:
    - das Schaltgerät einen Näherungsstellantrieb (20) aufweist, der auf die bewegliche(n) Brücke(n) (30) des Schaltgeräts einwirkt, um das Entfernen und das Annähern zwischen dem oder den beweglichen Kontakten (31a, 31b) der beweglichen Brücke (30) und dem oder den ortsfesten Kontakten (41a, 41b) zwischen der offenen Stellung und einer Zwischenstellung zu erlauben, in der die ortsfesten Kontakte (41a, 41b) und beweglichen Kontakte (31a, 31b) nahe, aber voneinander getrennt sind,
    - jeder Pol einen Kraftstellantrieb (42) aufweist, der den Aufbau des Kontaktdrucks und die Kontaktunterbrechung zwischen dem oder den beweglichen Kontakt(en) (31a, 31b) der beweglichen Brücke (30) und dem oder den ortsfesten Kontakt(en) (41a, 41b) des Pols zwischen der Zwischenstellung und der geschlossenen Stellung ohne die Hilfe eines mechanischen Rückstellorgans erlaubt.
  2. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Näherungsstellantrieb (20) ein bistabiler elektromagnetischer linearer Stellantrieb mit elektrischer Steuerung ist.
  3. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Näherungsstellantrieb (20) ein Stellantrieb von der Art Voice Coil ist.
  4. Elektrisches Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen getrennten Näherungsstellantrieb (20) pro Pol aufweist, der auf die bewegliche Brücke (30) jedes Pols einwirkt.
  5. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraftstellantrieb (42) eines Pols mindestens ein piezoelektrisches Element (42a, 42b) aufweist, das auf den(die) ortsfesten Kontakt(e) (41a, 41b) des Pols einwirkt.
  6. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kraftstellantrieb (42) eines Pols mindestens ein piezoelektrisches Element (42a, 42b) aufweist, das auf den(die) beweglichen Kontakt(e) (31a, 31b) der beweglichen Brücke (30) einwirkt.
  7. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Einrichtungen (11) zum Messen des in dem oder den Polen fließenden Stroms enthält, die mit einer elektronischen Steuereinheit (10) verbunden sind, die den oder die Näherungsstellantrieb(e) (20) und den oder die Kraftstellantrieb(e) (42) steuern kann.
  8. Elektrisches Gerät nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronische Streuereinheit (10) Einrichtungen zur Positionsbestimmung besitzt, die es ihr erlauben, die Position des Näherungsstellantriebs oder der Näherungsstellantriebe (20) zu regeln.
  9. Verfahren zum Schalten eines Pols in einem elektrischen Schaltgerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schließbewegung der Kontakte einen Annäherungsschritt, der die Annäherung der beweglichen Brücke (30) an den oder die ortsfeste(n) Kontakt(e) (41a, 41b) mit Hilfe eines Näherungsstellantriebs (20) erlaubt, und einen Kontaktschritt enthält, der den Aufbau eines Kontaktdrucks zwischen dem oder den beweglichen Kontakt(en) (31a, 31b) der beweglichen Brücke (30) und dem oder den ortsfesten Kontakt(en) (41a, 41b) des Pols mit Hilfe eines Kraftstellantriebs (42a, 42b) erlaubt.
  10. Verfahren zum Schalten eines Pols nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Öffnungsbewegung der Kontakte einen Unterbrechungsschritt, der die Trennung zwischen dem oder den beweglichen Kontakt(en) (31a, 31b) der beweglichen Brücke (30) und dem oder den ortsfesten Kontakt(en) (41a, 41b) des Pols mit Hilfe des Kraftstellantriebs (42a, 42b) erlaubt, und dann einen Schritt des Entfernens der beweglichen Brücke (30) mit Hilfe des Näherungsstellantriebs (20) enthält.
  11. Verfahren zum Schalten eines Pols nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Unterbrechungsschritt ausgeführt wird, wenn der im Pol fließende elektrische Strom unter einer vorbestimmten Schwelle ist.
EP03735776.1A 2002-03-19 2003-03-10 Elektrische einrichtung mit einem gesteuerten piezoelektrischen betätigungsglied Expired - Lifetime EP1485931B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0203522 2002-03-19
FR0203522A FR2837616B1 (fr) 2002-03-19 2002-03-19 Appareil electrique a actionneur piezoelectrique pilote
PCT/FR2003/000759 WO2003079387A1 (fr) 2002-03-19 2003-03-10 Appareil electrique a actionneur piezoelectrique pilote

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1485931A1 EP1485931A1 (de) 2004-12-15
EP1485931B1 true EP1485931B1 (de) 2013-05-15

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US (1) US7049912B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1485931B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1295727C (de)
AU (1) AU2003236855A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2414457T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2837616B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2003079387A1 (de)

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TWI347725B (en) * 2007-04-09 2011-08-21 Voice coil motor apparatus for positioning
JP2009171737A (ja) * 2008-01-16 2009-07-30 Toshiba Corp アクチュエータ及びそれを用いた電子機器
FR2939237B1 (fr) * 2008-11-28 2011-02-11 Alstom Transport Sa Dispositif de sectionnement d'un circuit electrique et coffret de distribution d'energie electrique comprenant un tel dispositif de sectionnement.
FR2939204B1 (fr) * 2008-12-01 2011-03-11 Actaris Sas Dispositif de mesure de courant electrique et compteur electrique
EP2290671A1 (de) * 2009-08-27 2011-03-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Sichere Spulenkontaktierung für Schaltgeräte, insbesondere für elektromagnetische Schaltgeräte
DE102010008755A1 (de) * 2010-02-17 2011-08-18 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH, 75038 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Ausschalten eines Schalters
DE102010047261B4 (de) * 2010-10-01 2013-04-25 Trw Automotive Electronics & Components Gmbh Schaltvorrichtung
FR2970595B1 (fr) * 2011-01-19 2014-05-09 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif d'actionnement pour appareil electrique interrupteur
JP5585550B2 (ja) * 2011-07-18 2014-09-10 アンデン株式会社 継電器
DE202011110339U1 (de) 2011-07-29 2013-08-29 Ceramtec Gmbh Elektromagnetisches Relais
FR3069064B1 (fr) * 2017-07-13 2022-02-11 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de commutation electrique et procede de detection d'usure associe
WO2019229637A1 (en) * 2018-05-31 2019-12-05 Abb Schweiz Ag A method for operating circuit breakers connected to a magnetically coupled reactor

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003079387A1 (fr) 2003-09-25
FR2837616A1 (fr) 2003-09-26
EP1485931A1 (de) 2004-12-15
AU2003236855A1 (en) 2003-09-29
US20050104699A1 (en) 2005-05-19
CN1295727C (zh) 2007-01-17
FR2837616B1 (fr) 2004-05-28
US7049912B2 (en) 2006-05-23
CN1639818A (zh) 2005-07-13
ES2414457T3 (es) 2013-07-19

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