EP1697955B1 - Elektromechanischer aktor - Google Patents

Elektromechanischer aktor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1697955B1
EP1697955B1 EP04804898A EP04804898A EP1697955B1 EP 1697955 B1 EP1697955 B1 EP 1697955B1 EP 04804898 A EP04804898 A EP 04804898A EP 04804898 A EP04804898 A EP 04804898A EP 1697955 B1 EP1697955 B1 EP 1697955B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
magnetic circuit
electromechanical actuator
actuator according
fixed part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04804898A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1697955A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Résidence "la Roseraie* BATAILLE
Stéphane FOLLIC
Didier Vigouroux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority to PL04804898T priority Critical patent/PL1697955T3/pl
Publication of EP1697955A1 publication Critical patent/EP1697955A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1697955B1 publication Critical patent/EP1697955B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/005—Details of electromagnetic relays using micromechanics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromechanical actuator for electrical switch apparatus, in particular of the contactor, relay or contactor-circuit breaker type, the magnetic circuit of which passes through the excitation coil of the actuator one or more times.
  • This type of actuator is particularly adapted to be realized in MEMS technology.
  • the invention also relates to a switch device provided with such an actuator.
  • a switchgear has fixed contacts that cooperate with movable contacts for the purpose of switching power to an electrical load connected downstream of the apparatus.
  • the movement of the moving contacts is generally effected by means of an electromechanical actuator, or electromagnet.
  • This actuator usually comprises a magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which is composed of a fixed part and a movable part, which are separated by an air gap.
  • the mobile part also called mobile pallet, is coupled to the moving contacts of the switch device and moves between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric control current flowing in a control coil, also called excitation coil.
  • the open position corresponds to a maximum air gap between the fixed part and the moving part of the magnetic circuit and the closed position corresponds to a minimum air gap.
  • the magnetic circuit passes through the space inside the winding of the excitation coil.
  • an electric control current circulates in the coil, a magnetic flux is created in a well-known manner in the magnetic circuit, which has the effect of reducing the gap and thus of attracting the mobile part towards the fixed part of the circuit. magnetic and move from the open position to the closed position.
  • the electric current disappears, the magnetic flux disappears and the moving part can return to the open position under the action of, for example, elastic means, for example a return spring.
  • the attractive force of the moving part towards the fixed part of the magnetic circuit is substantially proportional to the square of the amperes-turns (that is to say electric current of control of the coil multiplied by the number of turns of the coil) creating the magnetic flux. It is also practically inversely proportional to the square of the air gap of the magnetic circuit.
  • the attractive force In the open position, the attractive force must be sufficiently large at the start of the call phase to attract the mobile part of the magnetic circuit and overcome the mechanical stress resistant, despite a maximum gap. This therefore requires a lot of ampere-turns which are obtained by a large number of turns of the coil and / or by a large control electric current.
  • the decrease in the gap causes an increase in the force of attraction and there is therefore no longer need a large number of ampere-turns.
  • This phenomenon can usually be taken into account by applying a high inrush current in the calling phase for moving the moving part from the open position to the closed position, then a lower holding current sufficient for the phase of holding the moving part in the closed position.
  • Another known solution is to vary the number of turns of the coil, for example by using two coils in series for the calling phase and then shunting a coil for the holding phase.
  • such devices require means either electronic, mechanical and electrical (such as auxiliary contacts), so as to vary the control electric current or the number of turns, depending on the position of the movable part.
  • US-B1-6 225 880 discloses an electromechanical actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention describes an electromechanical actuator for a switch electrical apparatus, comprising an excitation coil consisting of a coil wound around an interior space, a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part and a pallet which is movable. between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing in the coil and causing the circulation of a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit.
  • said magnetic flux crosses several times the internal space of the coil in the open position and passes once inside the space of the coil in the closed position.
  • an electromechanical actuator of a switch device comprises a conventional excitation coil 10 formed by a
  • the actuator also comprises a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part 20 and a movable pallet 30 which can move between an open position and a closed position.
  • the open position corresponds to a gap e1 maximum between the fixed portion 20 and the movable pallet 30 and the closed position corresponds to a gap e2 minimum between the fixed portion 20 and the movable pallet 30.
  • This minimum gap e2 is retained either by means mechanical devices that prevent the movable portion 30 from being pressed completely against the fixed portion 20, or by a non-ferromagnetic material of thickness e2 which covers one of the surfaces placed facing each other in the magnetic circuit.
  • the movable pallet 30 is nevertheless represented in dashed lines in FIG.
  • the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit comprises a first end 21, a median section 23 which is connected to the first end 21 by a first part of the magnetic circuit 41, 42, 43 passing through the internal space 15 of the coil 10, and comprises a second end 22 which is connected to the median section 23 by a second portion of the magnetic circuit 45,46,47, disjoint from the first part, also passing through the internal space 15 of the coil 10.
  • the median section 23 is therefore between the two ends 21,22 and the two ends 21,22 are positioned on either side of the coil 10.
  • the fixed part 20 comprises a first, a second and a third element, each element being substantially U-shaped with a central base surrounded by two lateral branches.
  • the cross section of these elements can be either rectangular as shown in Figures 2 and 3, or circular.
  • the first branch 41 of the first element carries the first end 21 of the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the central base 42 of the first element passes through the interior space 15 of the coil 10.
  • the first branch 43 of the second element is common to the second branch of the first element.
  • the central base 44 of the second element is external to the coil 10 and carries the middle portion 23 of the fixed portion 20 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the first branch 45 of the third element is common to the second branch of the second element.
  • the central base 46 of the third element passes through the inner space 15 of the coil 10 and the second leg 47 of the third element carries the second end 22 of the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the movable pallet is rotatable between the open and closed positions. It is for example of parallelepipedal shape with a plane face 31 oriented towards the fixed part 20.
  • the first end 21, the second end 22 and the median section 23 of the magnetic circuit are oriented towards the face 31 of the mobile pallet 30 and are arranged so that, when the movable vane 30 is in the closed position, they are all substantially equidistant from the inner face 31 of the movable vane 30, corresponding to the minimum gap e2 as shown in Figure 3.
  • the dimensions of the pallet 30 are sufficient to substantially cover the ends 21,22 and the median section 23, as in FIG. 1.
  • the ends 21,22 and the median section 23 of the magnetic circuit are raised relative to the remainder of the part fixed 20 of the magnetic circuit, so that, in the closed position, the magnetic flux coming from the moving vane 30 passes exclusively through the first end 21, the second end x 22 and the middle section 23 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the distance e1 between the movable pallet 30 and each end 21,22 of the fixed portion 20 of the magnetic circuit is less than the distance e3 between the movable pallet 30 and the section median 23.
  • this is due to the fact that the pallet 30 is rotatable about an axis which is closer to the ends 21,22 that the median section 23.
  • Other mechanical solutions would obviously be possible to obtain this difference in distance between e1 and e3. It follows that, in the open position, the magnetic flux, which in general always borrows the shortest path, passes from moving paddle 30 to the fixed part 20 only by the gap created between the movable paddle 30 and the two ends 21,22.
  • the path taken by the magnetic flux B is thus schematized in FIG. 4a, in which the direction chosen for the arrows B is arbitrary and depends only on the direction of the current of the coil.
  • the dotted line corresponds to the passage of the magnetic flux B in the moving part 30. It can thus easily be seen in FIG. 4a that the path of the magnetic flux is as follows: 30, e1, 21, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 22, e1, 30.
  • the magnetic flux B must therefore cross twice the internal space of the coil 10, via the bases 42,46, to bounce off the moving pallet 30.
  • the two ends 21,22 and the middle section 23 are in magnetic "short-circuit" so that the path of the magnetic flux B is as follows: 30, e2, 21/23, 41 / 45, 42/46, 43/47, 22/23, e2, 30.
  • the magnetic flux B thus crosses the inner space of the coil 10 through the bases 42, 46 which must be considered as being parallel and therefore comparable to a single element passing through the coil 10.
  • FIG. 5 schematizes a diagram of the forces applied to the mobile pallet 30 as a function of its stroke, during the closing phase.
  • the symbols F and O respectively correspond to the closed and open positions of the pallet 30.
  • the vertical line 54 corresponds to the position where the movable contacts connected to the movable pallet 30 come into contact with the fixed contacts of the switch device ; the contact crushing stroke is located to the left of this line 54.
  • a first curve 50 shows the motor force curve obtained with an actuator whose flow continuously crosses the coil twice.
  • a second curve 51 shows a stress curve with an equivalent actuator whose flow continuously crosses the coil once. It is evident that the curve 50 is always above the curve 51 because the effort generated is logically always greater with an actuator permanently crossing the coil twice.
  • a third curve 52 corresponds to the actual curve of the actuator according to the invention described in the example of FIGS. 1 to 3. In the open position, the curve 52 is comparable to the race 50 and then moves away from it progressively. align on the curve 51 in the closed position. This separation is progressive since, as indicated above, as the approximation of the pallet 30 during the call phase, the distance between the distances e1 and e3 will gradually decrease to arrive at the single value e2.
  • FIG. 5 also shows in dotted line the resisting force 53 of the actuator. It can be seen that in order to overcome the resistive force 53 in the open position with a conventional solution, it would have been necessary to take an actuator conforming to the curve 50, since the motor force 51 is less than the resistive force 53 in this open position. Conversely, this curve 50 gives a very important effort not necessary in the closed position, which can cause including significant mechanical shocks at the end of the call phase and unnecessarily high consumption in the maintenance phase of the closed position.
  • the invention therefore provides the advantage of reducing mechanical shocks during closure, as well as better control of the dropout voltage.
  • the curve 52 makes it possible to optimize the motor force necessary to overcome the resisting force 53 whatever the position of the mobile pallet, without requiring additional electrical or electronic means, but playing only on the arrangement of the magnetic circuit.
  • the various parameters of the magnetic circuit namely among others the value of the distances e1, e2, e3, the shape and the dimensions of the various elements of the magnetic circuit, it is possible to refine the desired ideal curve 52 for the actuator. according to its application.
  • the actuator described in the invention can be made in conventional technology, but the MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) technology is also particularly suitable for producing such an actuator. Indeed, the realization by Deposition of successive layers in an iterative process lends itself well to the manufacture of a magnetic circuit and a coil having the form described. With this MEMS technology, the return means creating the resistant force could be obtained by elastic deformation of one of the parts. Furthermore, an electrical device could then include one or more actuators, so as to achieve the desired breaking capacity.
  • MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical System
  • the variant shown in Figure 6 shows another example of arrangement of the fixed portion 20 'of the magnetic circuit, to create three separate passages in the inner space of the coil 10', instead of two.
  • the fixed part then comprises two median sections 23 ', 24' which, in the closed position, are arranged to be situated at the same distance from the movable pallet 30 'as the two ends 21', 22 'of the part fixed.
  • the magnetic flux then only crosses the inside space of the coil once, via three "parallel" passages.
  • the median sections 23 ', 24' are further away from the moving pallet 30 'than the two ends 21', 22 '.
  • the magnetic flux therefore passes only between the moving vane and the two ends of the fixed part, which forces the magnetic flux to cross the inside space of the coil three times, as can clearly be seen in FIG.
  • the multiplier effect is obviously greater.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät, umfassend eine Erregerspule (10), die von einer Wicklung, die um einen Innenraum (15) gespult ist, gebildet ist, eine Magnetschaltung aus ferromagnetischem Material, umfassend einen festen Teil (20) und eine Platte (30), die zwischen einer offenen Position und einer geschlossenen Position unter der Wirkung eines in der Spule (10) zirkulierenden elektrischen Stroms, der die Zirkulation eines Magnetstroms in der Magnetschaltung hervorruft, beweglich ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetstrom mehrmals den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) in offener Position und einmal den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) in geschlossener Position durchquert.
  2. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Betätigungselement in MEMS-Technologie hergestellt ist.
  3. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der in der Magnetschaltung zirkulierende Magnetstrom zweimal den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) in offener Position durchquert.
  4. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Teil (20) der Magnetschaltung ein erstes Ende (21), einen Mittelabschnitt (23), der mit dem ersten Ende (21) durch einen ersten den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) durchquerenden Teil verbunden ist, und ein zweites Ende (22) umfasst, das mit dem Mittelabschnitt (23) durch einen zweiten den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) durchquerenden Teil verbunden ist.
  5. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in offener Position die Abstände (e1) zwischen der beweglichen Platte (30) und dem ersten Ende (21) bzw. dem zweiten Ende (22) der Magnetschaltung kleiner als der Abstand (e3) zwischen der beweglichen Platte (30) und dem bzw. den Mittelabschnitten (23) der Magnetschaltung sind.
  6. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in geschlossener Position die bewegliche Platte (30) in einem im Wesentlichen gleichen Abstand (e2) zum ersten Ende (21), zum zweiten Ende (22) und zu dem oder den Mittelabschnitten (23) der Magnetschaltung angeordnet ist.
  7. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (30) drehbeweglich ist.
  8. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feste Teil (20) der Magnetschaltung ein erstes, ein zweites und ein drittes Element umfasst, wobei jedes Element im Wesentlichen U-förmig mit einer zentralen Basis, umgeben von zwei Seitenschenkeln, ist:
    - wobei der erste Schenkel (41) des ersten Elements das erste Ende (21) des festen Teils (20) der Magnetschaltung trägt, und die zentrale Basis (42) des ersten Elements den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) durchquert,
    - wobei der erste Schenkel (43) des zweiten Elements dem zweiten Schenkel des ersten Elements gemeinsam ist, wobei die zentrale Basis (44) des zweiten Elements außerhalb der Spule (10) ist und den Mittelabschnitt (23) des festen Teils (20) der Magnetschaltung trägt,
    - wobei der erste Schenkel (45) des dritten Elements dem zweiten Schenkel des zweiten Elements gemeinsam ist, wobei die zentrale Basis (46) des dritten Elements den Innenraum (15) der Spule (10) durchquert, und der zweite Schenkel (47) des dritten Elements das zweite Ende (22) des festen Teils (20) der Magnetschaltung trägt.
  9. Elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Ende (21) das zweite Ende (22) und der Mittelabschnitt (23) der Magnetschaltung in Bezug auf den übrigen festen Teil (20) der Magnetschaltung überhöht sind.
  10. Elektrisches Schaltgerät, umfassend feste Kontakte, die mit mobilen Kontakten zusammenwirken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mindestens ein elektromechanisches Betätigungselement nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst, dessen bewegliche Platte mit den mobilen Kontakten verbunden ist.
EP04804898A 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Elektromechanischer aktor Not-in-force EP1697955B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04804898T PL1697955T3 (pl) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Element wykonawczy

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0314978A FR2864329B1 (fr) 2003-12-19 2003-12-19 Actionneur electromecanique
PCT/EP2004/053552 WO2005066989A1 (fr) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Actionneur electromecanique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1697955A1 EP1697955A1 (de) 2006-09-06
EP1697955B1 true EP1697955B1 (de) 2007-03-07

Family

ID=34630332

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04804898A Not-in-force EP1697955B1 (de) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Elektromechanischer aktor

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1697955B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE356419T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004005243T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2281847T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2864329B1 (de)
PL (1) PL1697955T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2005066989A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19747167C1 (de) * 1997-10-24 1999-04-29 Siemens Ag Elektromagnetisches Relais
FR2847071B1 (fr) * 2002-11-13 2004-12-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromagnetique

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2281847T3 (es) 2007-10-01
DE602004005243T2 (de) 2007-12-20
PL1697955T3 (pl) 2007-07-31
ATE356419T1 (de) 2007-03-15
EP1697955A1 (de) 2006-09-06
FR2864329B1 (fr) 2006-01-27
FR2864329A1 (fr) 2005-06-24
DE602004005243D1 (de) 2007-04-19
WO2005066989A1 (fr) 2005-07-21

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