EP1420427B1 - Elektromagnetischer Aktor - Google Patents

Elektromagnetischer Aktor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1420427B1
EP1420427B1 EP03104052A EP03104052A EP1420427B1 EP 1420427 B1 EP1420427 B1 EP 1420427B1 EP 03104052 A EP03104052 A EP 03104052A EP 03104052 A EP03104052 A EP 03104052A EP 1420427 B1 EP1420427 B1 EP 1420427B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
electromagnetic actuator
central opening
fixed part
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03104052A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1420427A1 (de
Inventor
Christian Bataille
Didier Vigouroux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries SAS filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries SAS
Publication of EP1420427A1 publication Critical patent/EP1420427A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1420427B1 publication Critical patent/EP1420427B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for a switchgear, in particular for a relay, a contactor or a circuit breaker contactor, the magnetic circuit of which is wound around the excitation coil of the actuator.
  • the invention also relates to a switch device provided with such an actuator.
  • the electromagnetic actuators, or electromagnets, of the switch devices serve to switch the supply of an electric load connected downstream of the device. They usually comprise a magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which consists of a fixed part and a movable part.
  • the moving part connected to moving contacts, moves between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing in a control coil, called an excitation coil, constituted for example by a winding of a conductive wire, usually made of copper.
  • an excitation coil constituted for example by a winding of a conductive wire, usually made of copper.
  • the magnetic circuit passes once through the space inside the excitation coil.
  • a magnetic field is well known in the magnetic circuit which has the effect of bringing the movable part towards the fixed part tending to cancel the air gap of the magnetic circuit.
  • the electric current disappears, the magnetic field disappears and the movable part can return to the open position under the action of, for example, a return spring.
  • the power supplied by an electromagnetic actuator must of course be adapted to the power current flowing in the electrical load to be controlled so as to be able to open and close the supply circuit quickly and safely, for an optimized cost.
  • the attractive force of the moving part towards the fixed part of the magnetic circuit is practically a function of the square of the intensity of the electric control current but also of the square of the number of turns of the coil surrounding the magnetic circuit.
  • this attractive force must be large enough to be able to switch the load quickly and efficiently, especially in large switchgear devices. This need may then require an increase in the number of turns and / or the control electric current and therefore the size of the excitation coil.
  • the copper used in the coil is a very expensive material. It is therefore constantly sought to minimize the amount of copper used to obtain a given attraction force.
  • the ferromagnetic material used to realize the magnetic circuit such as for example iron, is considerably less expensive than the copper used to form the turns of the coil. It would therefore be particularly advantageous and economical to minimize the amount of copper needed by offsetting it by increasing the amount of iron used.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to meet this objective of cost reduction while proposing a simple structure to make and easy to mount in a switch device.
  • the invention describes an electromagnetic actuator for a switch electrical apparatus, comprising a control circuit composed of an excitation coil provided with a central opening and a magnetic circuit consisting of a fixed part and a movable pallet. capable of moving when an electric current flows in the excitation coil, thereby closing the magnetic circuit.
  • the fixed part of the magnetic circuit crosses several times the central opening of the excitation coil forming at least one loop. According to one embodiment, the fixed part of the magnetic circuit crosses twice the central opening of the excitation coil forming a loop.
  • an actuator which comprises a magnetic circuit crossing the excitation coil twice by forming a loop
  • the magnetic field created during the passage of an electric current in the coil is multiplied by a factor of two compared to an actuator equipped with a conventional magnetic circuit passing through this coil only once.
  • an attractive force is advantageously obtained which is multiplied by a factor of four for the same number of turns of the coil and the same intensity of the control electric current, by modifying only the structure of the magnetic circuit.
  • another object of the invention is to be able to increase the attraction force for a volume and a given size of the actuator or to be able to reduce this bulk while maintaining the same force of attraction.
  • the fixed part of the magnetic circuit comprises a base juxtaposed with two non-contiguous arms passing through the central opening of the excitation coil.
  • the invention describes an actuator which comprises a control circuit composed of X excitation coils mounted in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit composed of a movable pallet and X parts. fixed magnetically connected to each other, each fixed part of the circuit magnetic drive through the central opening of a corresponding excitation coil several times by forming at least one loop.
  • An electromagnetic actuator is used in an electric switch type switch, contactor or contactor / circuit breaker.
  • the actuator is intended to switch the supply of an electric charge to be controlled by acting on the opening or closing of movable contacts connected with a movable part of the actuator, according to an electric control current.
  • an electromagnetic actuator comprises a control circuit composed of an excitation coil 20 and a deformable magnetic circuit 10 comprising a fixed part 11 and a mobile part 19.
  • the magnetic circuit 10 is made of a material of high magnetic permeability such as as a ferromagnetic material.
  • the excitation coil 20 comprises an armature 21, made of a non-magnetic material, on which is wound a winding of N turns of a conductive wire through which the control electric current I.
  • the armature 21 has a central opening whose dimensions are adapted to be traversed several times by the magnetic circuit 10. In the embodiments shown, the fixed portion 11 of the magnetic circuit 10 passes through the central opening of the excitation coil 20 by forming a loop.
  • the moving part 19 of the magnetic circuit 10 is constituted by a movable pallet 19.
  • the fixed part 11 of the magnetic circuit 10 comprises a base 12, in approximate U-shape spanning the coil 20.
  • the base 12 comprises two vertical uprights 121, 122 of each side of a central base 123 and partially surrounds the coil 20 in the schematic example, the armature 21 of the coil 20 is placed on the central base 123, so that the two vertical uprights 121, 122 are positioned both sides of the coil 20.
  • the fixed part 11 also comprises two distinct and non-contiguous transverse arms 13, 14 each of which juxtapose against one of the vertical uprights, respectively 121, 122, each passing through the central opening of the armature 21.
  • the transverse arms 13 and 14 are of identical shape and pass through the central opening along two substantially parallel axes.
  • Simple, suitable guiding means for example made of plastic material, can advantageously be arranged inside the central opening of the frame 21, so as to guide and hold the two transverse arms 13, 14 at a sufficient distance. from each other, so as not to disturb the circulation of the magnetic field and to prevent leakage between the arms 13,14.
  • the transverse arm 13 has a first end 136 which is juxtaposed against the inner wall of the vertical upright 121 (in this case against the top of the inner wall), and has a second upper face 135 screwed to one end of the movable pallet 19.
  • the transverse arm 14 has a first end which is juxtaposed against the inner wall of the other vertical upright 122 (in this case against the top of the wall internal), and has a second upper face 145 coming opposite the opposite end of the moving vane 19.
  • the gap of the magnetic circuit 10 is then formed by the space formed between the ends of the movable vane 19 and the second upper faces 135,145 of the transverse arms 13,14.
  • the various elements in contact 135,145,19,136,121,122 are arranged to minimize any residual air gaps between them when they are contiguous.
  • the 135,145 faces are flat to juxtapose against a flat lower face of the movable pallet 19.
  • the first ends are flat to juxtapose against the flat internal walls of the vertical uprights.
  • the loop of the fixed portion 11 surrounding a portion of the coil 20 and passing through the central opening of the coil 20 is formed by: a transverse arm 13, the base 12 and the other arm 14.
  • the base 12 is arranged so that its two vertical uprights 121,122 are positioned on either side of the coil 20, the magnetic field B flowing in the arms 13,14 always crosses the central opening of the coil 20 in the same direction.
  • the magnetic field B advantageously crosses the central opening of the excitation coil 20 twice in the same direction.
  • the magnetic field B created is proportional to (N * I), where N is the number of turns of the coil and I is the intensity of the control current.
  • the magnetic field B is then proportional to (Y * N * I). So, in the example of Figures 1 and 2 , the magnetic field B is proportional to (2 * N * I) until saturation of the magnetic materials, that is to say that it is twice as important as in a conventional solution where the magnetic circuit would only cross once the central opening of the excitation coil.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a control circuit consisting of X excitation coils connected in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit consisting of a single moving part, such as a movable pallet, and X fixed parts magnetically connected to each other, each fixed portion of the magnetic circuit crossing several times the central opening of a corresponding excitation coil forming at least one loop.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a control circuit consisting of two coils 20,20 'electrically connected in series. These excitation coils are for example each identical to the coil 20 of the figure 2 .
  • the magnetic circuit 10 ' comprises a movable pallet 19' and two fixed parts magnetically interconnected by a connecting piece 18 ', such as a bar made of ferromagnetic material.
  • Each fixed part is for example identical to the fixed part 11 described in the Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the first fixed part and the second fixed part each comprise a base, respectively 12 and 12 ', juxtaposed with two transverse arms, respectively 13,14 and 13', 14 ', which pass through the central opening of the spool. corresponding excitation, respectively 20 and 20 '.
  • the role of the connecting piece 18 ' is to connect the two median arms of the magnetic circuit 10', to have an arm 14 of the first fixed part and an arm 13 'of the second fixed part adjacent, so as to ensure the continuity of the magnetic field flowing throughout the magnetic circuit 10 '.
  • the connecting piece 18 ' is designed to connect the fixed parts by spanning the coils 20,20'.
  • Both ends of the movable pallet 19 ' are provided with two protuberances 191', 192 'each comprising a polar face, or iron return face, which are placed opposite the upper faces of the arms placed at both ends fixed parts of the magnetic circuit 10 '.
  • the polar face 191 ' is opposite the upper face 135 of the arm 13 of the first fixed part and the polar face 192' is opposite the upper face 145 'of the arm 14' of the second part fixes.
  • the air gap of the magnetic circuit 10 ' is then constituted by the space formed between the pole faces 191', 192 'of the movable pallet and the upper faces 135, 145' of the corresponding arms.
  • the protuberances 191 ', 192' have a height sufficient to allow positioning of the movable pallet 19 'above the connecting piece 18' at a distance sufficient to not interfere with the flow of the magnetic field in the magnetic circuit 10 'and generate too many leaks between the connecting piece 18 'and the movable pallet 19', even in the attracted position.
  • the magnetic field B' flowing inside the magnetic circuit 10 ' travels along the following path: the mobile pallet 19', the arm 13, the base 12, the arm 14, the connecting piece 18 ', the arm 13', the base 12 ', the arm 14', and finally the movable pallet 19 '.
  • the magnetic field B 'always flows in the same direction in the four arms 13,14,13', 14 'and thus crosses the central opening of each excitation coil 20,20' twice in the same direction.
  • the magnetic field B ' created by the circulation of a control current I in the 2 * N turns of the coils 20, 20' in series, is proportional to (2 * (2 * N) * I ) to saturation of the magnetic materials, so that the attractive force F 'is then proportional to 16 * (N * I) 2 .
  • the difference compared to a conventional actuator is particularly interesting since a conventional actuator, that is to say whose magnetic circuit would cross only once each coil 20,20 ', and comprising 2 * N turns, not would provide a force of attraction proportional to 4 * (N * I) 2 .
  • an extension of this embodiment makes it possible to use X coils in series, X fixed magnetic circuit parts in series by means of X-1 connecting pieces and 1 moving paddle, thus providing a proportional pulling force. at (X * (2 * N) * I) 2 .
  • the provisions described in the patent also have the advantage of providing an actuator very easy to assemble during its manufacture. Indeed, because of the presence of the two separate transverse arms constituting the fixed part, the loop of the magnetic circuit around the coil can be assembled in the following way: the armature 21 with the coil 20 already wound is first placed on the base 123 of the base 12 between the uprights 121,122, then the arms 13 and 14 are inserted, possibly guided in the opening by simple guide means, each side in the central opening of the coil 20 to be pressed against the amounts 121,122. The entire actuator can then be introduced as such into a housing of the switch device ensuring the maintenance of the arms 13 and 14 in position, without requiring other means of attachment of the arms.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator für ein elektrisches Schaltgerät, der einen Steuerkreis, der aus einer Erregerspule (20) mit einer zentralen Öffnung besteht, und einen Magnetkreis (10) enthält, der aus einem feststehenden Teil (11) und aus einer beweglichen Platte (19) besteht, die sich verschieben kann, wenn ein elektrischer Strom in der Erregerspule (20) fließt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feststehende Teil (11) des Magnetkreises (10) die zentrale Öffnung der Erregerspule (20) mehrmals durchquert, indem er mindestens eine Schleife bildet.
  2. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feststehende Teil (11) des Magnetkreises (10) die zentrale Öffnung der Erregerspule (20) zweimal durchquert, indem er eine Schleife bildet.
  3. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der feststehende Teil (11) des Magnetkreises (10) eine Grundplatte (12) enthält, die neben zwei nicht aneinander stoßenden Armen (13, 14) liegt, die die zentrale Öffnung der Erregerspule (20) durchqueren.
  4. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei Arme (13, 14) die gleiche Form haben.
  5. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das im Magnetkreis (10) zirkulierende Magnetfeld einen Weg durchläuft, der durch die bewegliche Platte (19), einen ersten der zwei Arme (13), die Grundplatte (12), den zweiten Arm (14) verläuft, ehe er zur beweglichen Platte (19) zurückkommt, wobei der Durchgang des Magnetfelds in beiden Armen (13, 14) in der gleichen Richtung erfolgt.
  6. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Steuerkreis, der aus einer Anzahl von X Erregerspulen (20, 20') besteht, die in Reihe geschaltet und jede mit einer zentralen Öffnung versehen sind, und einen Magnetkreis (10') enthält, der aus einer beweglichen Platte (19') und aus der Anzahl von X feststehenden Teilen besteht, die magnetisch miteinander verbunden sind, wobei jeder feststehende Teil des Magnetkreises die zentrale Öffnung einer entsprechenden Erregerspule (20, 20') mehrmals durchquert, indem er mindestens eine Schleife bildet.
  7. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Steuerkreis aus zwei in Reihe geschalteten Erregerspulen (20, 20') besteht, und der Magnetkreis (10') aus einer beweglichen Platte (19') und aus zwei feststehenden Teilen besteht, die magnetisch miteinander verbunden sind.
  8. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder feststehende Teil des Magnetkreises (10') eine Grundplatte (12, 12') enthält, die neben einem ersten Arm (13, 13') und einem zweiten Arm (14, 14') angeordnet ist, die je die zentrale Öffnung der entsprechenden Erregerspule (20, 20') durchqueren.
  9. Elektromagnetischer Aktuator nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Magnetkreis (10') ein Verbindungsbauteil (18') zwischen einem Arm (14) eines ersten feststehenden Teils des Magnetkreises und einem Arm (13') eines zweiten benachbarten feststehenden Teils des Magnetkreises aufweist.
  10. Elektrisches Schaltgerät, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen elektromagnetischen Aktuator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist.
EP03104052A 2002-11-13 2003-11-03 Elektromagnetischer Aktor Expired - Lifetime EP1420427B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0214350A FR2847071B1 (fr) 2002-11-13 2002-11-13 Actionneur electromagnetique
FR0214350 2002-11-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1420427A1 EP1420427A1 (de) 2004-05-19
EP1420427B1 true EP1420427B1 (de) 2011-06-15

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EP03104052A Expired - Lifetime EP1420427B1 (de) 2002-11-13 2003-11-03 Elektromagnetischer Aktor

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EP (1) EP1420427B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE513304T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2366433T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2847071B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2864329B1 (fr) * 2003-12-19 2006-01-27 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Actionneur electromecanique
FR2893780A1 (fr) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-25 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif autonome de generation d'energie electrique

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2381080A (en) * 1942-12-05 1945-08-07 William A Ray Electromagnetic relay
EP0709865A1 (de) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-01 Lem S.A. Verfahren und Anordnung zur Verkoppelung magnetisch leitenden Materials mit elektrischen Wicklungen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2847071A1 (fr) 2004-05-14
ES2366433T3 (es) 2011-10-20
FR2847071B1 (fr) 2004-12-24
EP1420427A1 (de) 2004-05-19
ATE513304T1 (de) 2011-07-15

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