EP1420427B1 - Electromagnetic actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1420427B1
EP1420427B1 EP03104052A EP03104052A EP1420427B1 EP 1420427 B1 EP1420427 B1 EP 1420427B1 EP 03104052 A EP03104052 A EP 03104052A EP 03104052 A EP03104052 A EP 03104052A EP 1420427 B1 EP1420427 B1 EP 1420427B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic circuit
electromagnetic actuator
central opening
fixed part
coil
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EP03104052A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1420427A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Bataille
Didier Vigouroux
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for a switchgear, in particular for a relay, a contactor or a circuit breaker contactor, the magnetic circuit of which is wound around the excitation coil of the actuator.
  • the invention also relates to a switch device provided with such an actuator.
  • the electromagnetic actuators, or electromagnets, of the switch devices serve to switch the supply of an electric load connected downstream of the device. They usually comprise a magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which consists of a fixed part and a movable part.
  • the moving part connected to moving contacts, moves between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing in a control coil, called an excitation coil, constituted for example by a winding of a conductive wire, usually made of copper.
  • an excitation coil constituted for example by a winding of a conductive wire, usually made of copper.
  • the magnetic circuit passes once through the space inside the excitation coil.
  • a magnetic field is well known in the magnetic circuit which has the effect of bringing the movable part towards the fixed part tending to cancel the air gap of the magnetic circuit.
  • the electric current disappears, the magnetic field disappears and the movable part can return to the open position under the action of, for example, a return spring.
  • the power supplied by an electromagnetic actuator must of course be adapted to the power current flowing in the electrical load to be controlled so as to be able to open and close the supply circuit quickly and safely, for an optimized cost.
  • the attractive force of the moving part towards the fixed part of the magnetic circuit is practically a function of the square of the intensity of the electric control current but also of the square of the number of turns of the coil surrounding the magnetic circuit.
  • this attractive force must be large enough to be able to switch the load quickly and efficiently, especially in large switchgear devices. This need may then require an increase in the number of turns and / or the control electric current and therefore the size of the excitation coil.
  • the copper used in the coil is a very expensive material. It is therefore constantly sought to minimize the amount of copper used to obtain a given attraction force.
  • the ferromagnetic material used to realize the magnetic circuit such as for example iron, is considerably less expensive than the copper used to form the turns of the coil. It would therefore be particularly advantageous and economical to minimize the amount of copper needed by offsetting it by increasing the amount of iron used.
  • One of the aims of the present invention is to meet this objective of cost reduction while proposing a simple structure to make and easy to mount in a switch device.
  • the invention describes an electromagnetic actuator for a switch electrical apparatus, comprising a control circuit composed of an excitation coil provided with a central opening and a magnetic circuit consisting of a fixed part and a movable pallet. capable of moving when an electric current flows in the excitation coil, thereby closing the magnetic circuit.
  • the fixed part of the magnetic circuit crosses several times the central opening of the excitation coil forming at least one loop. According to one embodiment, the fixed part of the magnetic circuit crosses twice the central opening of the excitation coil forming a loop.
  • an actuator which comprises a magnetic circuit crossing the excitation coil twice by forming a loop
  • the magnetic field created during the passage of an electric current in the coil is multiplied by a factor of two compared to an actuator equipped with a conventional magnetic circuit passing through this coil only once.
  • an attractive force is advantageously obtained which is multiplied by a factor of four for the same number of turns of the coil and the same intensity of the control electric current, by modifying only the structure of the magnetic circuit.
  • another object of the invention is to be able to increase the attraction force for a volume and a given size of the actuator or to be able to reduce this bulk while maintaining the same force of attraction.
  • the fixed part of the magnetic circuit comprises a base juxtaposed with two non-contiguous arms passing through the central opening of the excitation coil.
  • the invention describes an actuator which comprises a control circuit composed of X excitation coils mounted in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit composed of a movable pallet and X parts. fixed magnetically connected to each other, each fixed part of the circuit magnetic drive through the central opening of a corresponding excitation coil several times by forming at least one loop.
  • An electromagnetic actuator is used in an electric switch type switch, contactor or contactor / circuit breaker.
  • the actuator is intended to switch the supply of an electric charge to be controlled by acting on the opening or closing of movable contacts connected with a movable part of the actuator, according to an electric control current.
  • an electromagnetic actuator comprises a control circuit composed of an excitation coil 20 and a deformable magnetic circuit 10 comprising a fixed part 11 and a mobile part 19.
  • the magnetic circuit 10 is made of a material of high magnetic permeability such as as a ferromagnetic material.
  • the excitation coil 20 comprises an armature 21, made of a non-magnetic material, on which is wound a winding of N turns of a conductive wire through which the control electric current I.
  • the armature 21 has a central opening whose dimensions are adapted to be traversed several times by the magnetic circuit 10. In the embodiments shown, the fixed portion 11 of the magnetic circuit 10 passes through the central opening of the excitation coil 20 by forming a loop.
  • the moving part 19 of the magnetic circuit 10 is constituted by a movable pallet 19.
  • the fixed part 11 of the magnetic circuit 10 comprises a base 12, in approximate U-shape spanning the coil 20.
  • the base 12 comprises two vertical uprights 121, 122 of each side of a central base 123 and partially surrounds the coil 20 in the schematic example, the armature 21 of the coil 20 is placed on the central base 123, so that the two vertical uprights 121, 122 are positioned both sides of the coil 20.
  • the fixed part 11 also comprises two distinct and non-contiguous transverse arms 13, 14 each of which juxtapose against one of the vertical uprights, respectively 121, 122, each passing through the central opening of the armature 21.
  • the transverse arms 13 and 14 are of identical shape and pass through the central opening along two substantially parallel axes.
  • Simple, suitable guiding means for example made of plastic material, can advantageously be arranged inside the central opening of the frame 21, so as to guide and hold the two transverse arms 13, 14 at a sufficient distance. from each other, so as not to disturb the circulation of the magnetic field and to prevent leakage between the arms 13,14.
  • the transverse arm 13 has a first end 136 which is juxtaposed against the inner wall of the vertical upright 121 (in this case against the top of the inner wall), and has a second upper face 135 screwed to one end of the movable pallet 19.
  • the transverse arm 14 has a first end which is juxtaposed against the inner wall of the other vertical upright 122 (in this case against the top of the wall internal), and has a second upper face 145 coming opposite the opposite end of the moving vane 19.
  • the gap of the magnetic circuit 10 is then formed by the space formed between the ends of the movable vane 19 and the second upper faces 135,145 of the transverse arms 13,14.
  • the various elements in contact 135,145,19,136,121,122 are arranged to minimize any residual air gaps between them when they are contiguous.
  • the 135,145 faces are flat to juxtapose against a flat lower face of the movable pallet 19.
  • the first ends are flat to juxtapose against the flat internal walls of the vertical uprights.
  • the loop of the fixed portion 11 surrounding a portion of the coil 20 and passing through the central opening of the coil 20 is formed by: a transverse arm 13, the base 12 and the other arm 14.
  • the base 12 is arranged so that its two vertical uprights 121,122 are positioned on either side of the coil 20, the magnetic field B flowing in the arms 13,14 always crosses the central opening of the coil 20 in the same direction.
  • the magnetic field B advantageously crosses the central opening of the excitation coil 20 twice in the same direction.
  • the magnetic field B created is proportional to (N * I), where N is the number of turns of the coil and I is the intensity of the control current.
  • the magnetic field B is then proportional to (Y * N * I). So, in the example of Figures 1 and 2 , the magnetic field B is proportional to (2 * N * I) until saturation of the magnetic materials, that is to say that it is twice as important as in a conventional solution where the magnetic circuit would only cross once the central opening of the excitation coil.
  • the electromagnetic actuator comprises a control circuit consisting of X excitation coils connected in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit consisting of a single moving part, such as a movable pallet, and X fixed parts magnetically connected to each other, each fixed portion of the magnetic circuit crossing several times the central opening of a corresponding excitation coil forming at least one loop.
  • Figures 3 and 4 show a control circuit consisting of two coils 20,20 'electrically connected in series. These excitation coils are for example each identical to the coil 20 of the figure 2 .
  • the magnetic circuit 10 ' comprises a movable pallet 19' and two fixed parts magnetically interconnected by a connecting piece 18 ', such as a bar made of ferromagnetic material.
  • Each fixed part is for example identical to the fixed part 11 described in the Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the first fixed part and the second fixed part each comprise a base, respectively 12 and 12 ', juxtaposed with two transverse arms, respectively 13,14 and 13', 14 ', which pass through the central opening of the spool. corresponding excitation, respectively 20 and 20 '.
  • the role of the connecting piece 18 ' is to connect the two median arms of the magnetic circuit 10', to have an arm 14 of the first fixed part and an arm 13 'of the second fixed part adjacent, so as to ensure the continuity of the magnetic field flowing throughout the magnetic circuit 10 '.
  • the connecting piece 18 ' is designed to connect the fixed parts by spanning the coils 20,20'.
  • Both ends of the movable pallet 19 ' are provided with two protuberances 191', 192 'each comprising a polar face, or iron return face, which are placed opposite the upper faces of the arms placed at both ends fixed parts of the magnetic circuit 10 '.
  • the polar face 191 ' is opposite the upper face 135 of the arm 13 of the first fixed part and the polar face 192' is opposite the upper face 145 'of the arm 14' of the second part fixes.
  • the air gap of the magnetic circuit 10 ' is then constituted by the space formed between the pole faces 191', 192 'of the movable pallet and the upper faces 135, 145' of the corresponding arms.
  • the protuberances 191 ', 192' have a height sufficient to allow positioning of the movable pallet 19 'above the connecting piece 18' at a distance sufficient to not interfere with the flow of the magnetic field in the magnetic circuit 10 'and generate too many leaks between the connecting piece 18 'and the movable pallet 19', even in the attracted position.
  • the magnetic field B' flowing inside the magnetic circuit 10 ' travels along the following path: the mobile pallet 19', the arm 13, the base 12, the arm 14, the connecting piece 18 ', the arm 13', the base 12 ', the arm 14', and finally the movable pallet 19 '.
  • the magnetic field B 'always flows in the same direction in the four arms 13,14,13', 14 'and thus crosses the central opening of each excitation coil 20,20' twice in the same direction.
  • the magnetic field B ' created by the circulation of a control current I in the 2 * N turns of the coils 20, 20' in series, is proportional to (2 * (2 * N) * I ) to saturation of the magnetic materials, so that the attractive force F 'is then proportional to 16 * (N * I) 2 .
  • the difference compared to a conventional actuator is particularly interesting since a conventional actuator, that is to say whose magnetic circuit would cross only once each coil 20,20 ', and comprising 2 * N turns, not would provide a force of attraction proportional to 4 * (N * I) 2 .
  • an extension of this embodiment makes it possible to use X coils in series, X fixed magnetic circuit parts in series by means of X-1 connecting pieces and 1 moving paddle, thus providing a proportional pulling force. at (X * (2 * N) * I) 2 .
  • the provisions described in the patent also have the advantage of providing an actuator very easy to assemble during its manufacture. Indeed, because of the presence of the two separate transverse arms constituting the fixed part, the loop of the magnetic circuit around the coil can be assembled in the following way: the armature 21 with the coil 20 already wound is first placed on the base 123 of the base 12 between the uprights 121,122, then the arms 13 and 14 are inserted, possibly guided in the opening by simple guide means, each side in the central opening of the coil 20 to be pressed against the amounts 121,122. The entire actuator can then be introduced as such into a housing of the switch device ensuring the maintenance of the arms 13 and 14 in position, without requiring other means of attachment of the arms.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)

Abstract

The electromagnetic driver has a control circuit activating an excitation coil (20) with a central opening. There is a magnetic circuit with a fixed and moving part (19). The fixed part loops around the central opening several times.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte àun actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil électrique interrupteur, en particulier pour un relais, un contacteur ou un contacteur disjoncteur, dont le circuit magnétique est enroulé autour de la bobine d'excitation de l'actionneur. L'invention concerne également un appareil interrupteur muni d'un tel actionneur.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for a switchgear, in particular for a relay, a contactor or a circuit breaker contactor, the magnetic circuit of which is wound around the excitation coil of the actuator. The invention also relates to a switch device provided with such an actuator.

Les actionneurs électromagnétiques, ou électroaimants, des appareils interrupteurs servent àcommuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique raccordée en aval de l'appareil. Ils comportent habituellement un circuit magnétique en matériau ferromagnétique, tel que du fer, qui est constitué d'une partie fixe et d'une partie mobile. La partie mobile, liée à des contacts mobiles, se déplace entre une position ouverte et une position fermée sous l'action d'un courant électrique circulant dans une bobine de commande, appelée bobine d'excitation, constituée par exemple par un enroulement d'un fil conducteur, généralement en cuivre. D'ordinaire, le circuit magnétique traverse une fois l'espace situé à l'intérieur de la bobine d'excitation. Lorsqu'un courant électrique de commande circule dans la bobine, il se crée de façon bien connue un champ magnétique dans le circuit magnétique qui a pour effet de rapprocher la partie mobile vers la partie fixe tendant à annuler l'entrefer du circuit magnétique. Lors de la disparition du courant électrique, le champ magnétique disparaît et la partie mobile peut revenir en position ouverte sous l'action par exemple d'un ressort de rappel.The electromagnetic actuators, or electromagnets, of the switch devices serve to switch the supply of an electric load connected downstream of the device. They usually comprise a magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which consists of a fixed part and a movable part. The moving part, connected to moving contacts, moves between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing in a control coil, called an excitation coil, constituted for example by a winding of a conductive wire, usually made of copper. Usually, the magnetic circuit passes once through the space inside the excitation coil. When an electric control current flows in the coil, a magnetic field is well known in the magnetic circuit which has the effect of bringing the movable part towards the fixed part tending to cancel the air gap of the magnetic circuit. When the electric current disappears, the magnetic field disappears and the movable part can return to the open position under the action of, for example, a return spring.

Le document US-A-2381080 décrit un actionneur électromagnétique selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document US Patent 2381080 discloses an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.

La puissance fournie par un actionneur électromagnétique doit évidemment être adaptée au courant de puissance circulant dans la charge électrique àcommander de façon àêtre capable d'ouvrir et de fermer le circuit d'alimentation rapidement et en toute sécurité, pour un coût optimisé.The power supplied by an electromagnetic actuator must of course be adapted to the power current flowing in the electrical load to be controlled so as to be able to open and close the supply circuit quickly and safely, for an optimized cost.

La force d'attraction de la partie mobile vers la partie fixe du circuit magnétique est pratiquement fonction du carré de l'intensité du courant électrique de commande mais aussi du carré du nombre de spires de la bobine entourant le circuit magnétique. Or, cette force d'attraction doit être suffisamment importante pour pouvoir commuter rapidement et efficacement la charge, notamment dans des appareils interrupteurs de gros calibre. Ce besoin peut alors nécessiter une augmentation du nombre de spires et/ou du courant électrique de commande et donc de la taille de la bobine d'excitation. Mais le cuivre utilisé dans la bobine est un matériau très onéreux. On cherche donc en permanence àminimiser la quantité de cuivre utilisé nécessaire pour obtenir une force d'attraction donnée.The attractive force of the moving part towards the fixed part of the magnetic circuit is practically a function of the square of the intensity of the electric control current but also of the square of the number of turns of the coil surrounding the magnetic circuit. However, this attractive force must be large enough to be able to switch the load quickly and efficiently, especially in large switchgear devices. This need may then require an increase in the number of turns and / or the control electric current and therefore the size of the excitation coil. But the copper used in the coil is a very expensive material. It is therefore constantly sought to minimize the amount of copper used to obtain a given attraction force.

Par contre, le matériau ferromagnétique servant àréaliser le circuit magnétique, tel que par exemple du fer, est largement moins onéreux que le cuivre employé pour former les spires de la bobine. Il serait donc particulièrement avantageux et économique de minimiser la quantité de cuivre nécessaire en la compensant par une augmentation de la quantité de fer utilisé. Un des buts de la présente invention est de répondre àcet objectif de réduction de coût tout en proposant une structure simple àfabriquer et facile à monter dans un appareil interrupteur.On the other hand, the ferromagnetic material used to realize the magnetic circuit, such as for example iron, is considerably less expensive than the copper used to form the turns of the coil. It would therefore be particularly advantageous and economical to minimize the amount of copper needed by offsetting it by increasing the amount of iron used. One of the aims of the present invention is to meet this objective of cost reduction while proposing a simple structure to make and easy to mount in a switch device.

Pour cela, l'invention décrit un actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil électrique interrupteur, comprenant un circuit de commande composé d'une bobine d'excitation dotée d'une ouverture centrale et un circuit magnétique composé d'une partie fixe et d'une palette mobile susceptible de se déplacer quand un courant électrique circule dans la bobine d'excitation, permettant ainsi de fermer le circuit magnétique. La partie fixe du circuit magnétique traverse plusieurs fois l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation en formant au moins une boucle. Selon un mode réalisation, La partie fixe du circuit magnétique traverse deux fois l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation en formant une boucle.For this purpose, the invention describes an electromagnetic actuator for a switch electrical apparatus, comprising a control circuit composed of an excitation coil provided with a central opening and a magnetic circuit consisting of a fixed part and a movable pallet. capable of moving when an electric current flows in the excitation coil, thereby closing the magnetic circuit. The fixed part of the magnetic circuit crosses several times the central opening of the excitation coil forming at least one loop. According to one embodiment, the fixed part of the magnetic circuit crosses twice the central opening of the excitation coil forming a loop.

Ainsi, dans un actionneur qui comporte un circuit magnétique traversant deux fois la bobine d'excitation en formant une boucle, le champ magnétique créé lors du passage d'un courant électrique dans la bobine est multiplié par un facteur deux par rapport à un actionneur doté d'un circuit magnétique classique ne traversant qu'une seule fois cette bobine. De ce fait, on obtient avantageusement une force d'attraction qui est multipliée par un facteur quatre pour une même nombre de spires de la bobine et une même intensité de courant électrique de commande, en modifiant uniquement la structure du circuit magnétique. Grâce àcet avantage, un autre but de l'invention est de pouvoir augmenter la force d'attraction pour un volume et un encombrement donné de l'actionneur ou de pouvoir diminuer cet encombrement tout en gardant une même force d'attraction.Thus, in an actuator which comprises a magnetic circuit crossing the excitation coil twice by forming a loop, the magnetic field created during the passage of an electric current in the coil is multiplied by a factor of two compared to an actuator equipped with a conventional magnetic circuit passing through this coil only once. As a result, an attractive force is advantageously obtained which is multiplied by a factor of four for the same number of turns of the coil and the same intensity of the control electric current, by modifying only the structure of the magnetic circuit. Thanks to this advantage, another object of the invention is to be able to increase the attraction force for a volume and a given size of the actuator or to be able to reduce this bulk while maintaining the same force of attraction.

Selon une caractéristique, la partie fixe du circuit magnétique comprend une embase juxtaposée à deux bras non jointifs traversant l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation.According to one characteristic, the fixed part of the magnetic circuit comprises a base juxtaposed with two non-contiguous arms passing through the central opening of the excitation coil.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'invention décrit un actionneur qui comprend un circuit de commande composé de X bobines d'excitation montées en série et dotées chacune d'une ouverture centrale, et un circuit magnétique composé d'une palette mobile et de X parties fixes reliées magnétiquement entre elles, chaque partie fixe du circuit magnétique traversant plusieurs fois l'ouverture centrale d'une bobine d'excitation correspondante en formant au moins une boucle.According to another characteristic, the invention describes an actuator which comprises a control circuit composed of X excitation coils mounted in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit composed of a movable pallet and X parts. fixed magnetically connected to each other, each fixed part of the circuit magnetic drive through the central opening of a corresponding excitation coil several times by forming at least one loop.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit en se référant àun mode de réalisation donné àtitre d'exemple et représenté par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 schématise un exemple d'un actionneur électromagnétique selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 montre une vue éclatée du circuit magnétique de l'actionneur de la figure 1 avec une circulation fictive d'un champ magnétique,
  • les figures 3 et 4 représentent un autre exemple d'un actionneur électromagnétique, la figure 3 montrant le circuit magnétique seul et la figure 4 montrant le circuit magnétique assemblé avec les bobines d'excitation.
Other features and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows with reference to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 schematizes an example of an electromagnetic actuator according to the invention,
  • the figure 2 shows an exploded view of the magnetic circuit of the actuator of the figure 1 with a fictional circulation of a magnetic field,
  • the Figures 3 and 4 represent another example of an electromagnetic actuator, the figure 3 showing the magnetic circuit alone and the figure 4 showing the assembled magnetic circuit with the excitation coils.

Un actionneur électromagnétique est utilisé dans un appareil électrique interrupteur du type relais, contacteur ou contacteur/disjoncteur. L'actionneur a pour but de commuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique à commander en agissant sur l'ouverture ou la fermeture de contacts mobiles liés avec une partie mobile de l'actionneur, en fonction d'un courant électrique de commande. En référence aux figures 1 et 2, un tel actionneur électromagnétique comprend un circuit de commande composé d'une bobine d'excitation 20 et un circuit magnétique 10 déformable comportant une partie fixe 11 et une partie mobile 19. Le circuit magnétique 10 est réalisé dans un matériau de forte perméabilité magnétique tel qu'un matériau ferromagnétique.An electromagnetic actuator is used in an electric switch type switch, contactor or contactor / circuit breaker. The actuator is intended to switch the supply of an electric charge to be controlled by acting on the opening or closing of movable contacts connected with a movable part of the actuator, according to an electric control current. With reference to Figures 1 and 2 such an electromagnetic actuator comprises a control circuit composed of an excitation coil 20 and a deformable magnetic circuit 10 comprising a fixed part 11 and a mobile part 19. The magnetic circuit 10 is made of a material of high magnetic permeability such as as a ferromagnetic material.

La bobine d'excitation 20 comprend une armature 21, réalisée dans un matériau amagnétique, sur laquelle est enroulé un bobinage de N spires d'un fil conducteur traversé par le courant électrique de commande I. L'armature 21 présente une ouverture centrale dont les dimensions sont adaptées pour pouvoir être traversée plusieurs fois par le circuit magnétique 10. Dans les modes de réalisation présentés, la partie fixe 11 du circuit magnétique 10 traverse deux fois l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation 20 en formant une boucle.The excitation coil 20 comprises an armature 21, made of a non-magnetic material, on which is wound a winding of N turns of a conductive wire through which the control electric current I. The armature 21 has a central opening whose dimensions are adapted to be traversed several times by the magnetic circuit 10. In the embodiments shown, the fixed portion 11 of the magnetic circuit 10 passes through the central opening of the excitation coil 20 by forming a loop.

La partie mobile 19 du circuit magnétique 10 est constituée par une palette mobile 19. La partie fixe 11 du circuit magnétique 10 comporte une embase 12, en forme approximative de U enjambant la bobine 20. L'embase 12 comporte deux montants verticaux 121,122 de chaque côté d'un socle central 123 et entoure partiellement la bobine d'excitation 20 sans traverser l'ouverture centrale de l'armature 21. Dans l'exemple schématisé, l'armature 21 de la bobine 20 est posée sur le socle central 123, de telle sorte que les deux montants verticaux 121,122 sont positionnés de part et d'autre de la bobine 20.The moving part 19 of the magnetic circuit 10 is constituted by a movable pallet 19. The fixed part 11 of the magnetic circuit 10 comprises a base 12, in approximate U-shape spanning the coil 20. The base 12 comprises two vertical uprights 121, 122 of each side of a central base 123 and partially surrounds the coil 20 in the schematic example, the armature 21 of the coil 20 is placed on the central base 123, so that the two vertical uprights 121, 122 are positioned both sides of the coil 20.

La partie fixe 11 comporte également deux bras transversaux 13,14 distincts et non jointifs qui viennent chacun se juxtaposer contre un des montants verticaux, respectivement 121,122, en traversant chacun l'ouverture centrale de l'armature 21. Préférentiellement, pour des raisons de simplification et de coût de fabrication, les bras transversaux 13 et 14 sont de forme identique et traversent l'ouverture centrale suivant deux axes sensiblement parallèles. De simples moyens de guidage appropriés, par exemple en matière plastique, peuvent être avantageusement aménagés à l'intérieur de l'ouverture centrale de l'armature 21, de manière à guider et à maintenir les deux bras transversaux 13,14 à une distance suffisante l'un de l'autre, pour ne pas perturber la circulation du champ magnétique et pour éviter les fuites entre les bras 13,14.The fixed part 11 also comprises two distinct and non-contiguous transverse arms 13, 14 each of which juxtapose against one of the vertical uprights, respectively 121, 122, each passing through the central opening of the armature 21. Preferably, for the sake of simplification and manufacturing cost, the transverse arms 13 and 14 are of identical shape and pass through the central opening along two substantially parallel axes. Simple, suitable guiding means, for example made of plastic material, can advantageously be arranged inside the central opening of the frame 21, so as to guide and hold the two transverse arms 13, 14 at a sufficient distance. from each other, so as not to disturb the circulation of the magnetic field and to prevent leakage between the arms 13,14.

Les figures 1 et 2 montrent ainsi que le bras transversal 13 possède une première extrémité 136 qui vient se juxtaposer contre la paroi interne du montant vertical 121 (en l'occurrence contre le haut de la paroi interne), et possède une seconde face supérieure 135 venant en vis-à-vis d'une extrémité de la palette mobile 19. De manière symétrique, le bras transversal 14 possède une première extrémité qui vient se juxtaposer contre la paroi interne de l'autre montant vertical 122 (en l'occurrence contre le haut de la paroi interne), et possède une seconde face supérieure 145 venant en vis-à-vis de l'extrémité opposée de la palette mobile 19. L'entrefer du circuit magnétique 10 est alors constitué par l'espace formé entre les extrémités de la palette mobile 19 et les secondes faces supérieures 135,145 des bras transversaux 13,14. Par ailleurs, les différents éléments en contact 135,145,19, 136,121,122 sont agencés pour minimiser les éventuels entrefers résiduels entre eux, lorsqu'ils sont accolés. Ainsi, dans le mode de réalisation présenté, les faces 135,145 sont planes pour se juxtaposer contre une face inférieure plane de la palette mobile 19. De même, les premières extrémités sont planes pour se juxtaposer contre les parois internes planes des montants verticaux. On pourrait aussi envisager d'autres formes complémentaires entre éléments en contact.The Figures 1 and 2 thus show that the transverse arm 13 has a first end 136 which is juxtaposed against the inner wall of the vertical upright 121 (in this case against the top of the inner wall), and has a second upper face 135 screwed to one end of the movable pallet 19. In a symmetrical manner, the transverse arm 14 has a first end which is juxtaposed against the inner wall of the other vertical upright 122 (in this case against the top of the wall internal), and has a second upper face 145 coming opposite the opposite end of the moving vane 19. The gap of the magnetic circuit 10 is then formed by the space formed between the ends of the movable vane 19 and the second upper faces 135,145 of the transverse arms 13,14. Furthermore, the various elements in contact 135,145,19,136,121,122 are arranged to minimize any residual air gaps between them when they are contiguous. Thus, in the embodiment shown, the 135,145 faces are flat to juxtapose against a flat lower face of the movable pallet 19. Similarly, the first ends are flat to juxtapose against the flat internal walls of the vertical uprights. One could also consider other complementary forms between elements in contact.

De façon connue, lorsqu'un courant électrique de commande circule dans la bobine 20, cela crée un champ magnétique dans le circuit magnétique 10 générant une force d'attraction qui a tendance à réduire l'entrefer. En conséquence, la palette mobile 19 se déplace en direction des faces supérieures 135,145 des bras 13,14, contribuant ainsi à fermer le circuit magnétique 10. Habituellement, un entrefer minimum est conservé même en position attirée grâce à l'adjonction de butées ou de pastilles. Lorsque le courant de commande disparaît, le retour de la palette 19 en position initiale peut être assurée par des moyens divers non représentés, tels qu'un ressort de rappel.In known manner, when an electric control current flows in the coil 20, this creates a magnetic field in the magnetic circuit 10 generating an attractive force that tends to reduce the gap. As a result, the moving pallet 19 moves towards the upper faces 135, 145 of the arms 13, 14, thus contributing to closing the magnetic circuit 10. Usually, a minimum gap is maintained even in the attracted position by the addition of stops or lozenges. When the current control disappears, the return of the pallet 19 in the initial position can be provided by various means not shown, such as a return spring.

Lors de la présence d'un courant électrique de commande dans la bobine 20, le champ magnétique B circulant à l'intérieur du circuit magnétique 10 parcourt le chemin suivant, matérialisé sommairement par les flèches de la figure 2 :

  • la palette mobile 19,
  • la face supérieure 135 d'un des deux bras transversaux, par exemple le bras 13, puis l'extrémité 136 du bras 13,
  • le premier montant vertical 121 de l'embase 12,
  • le socle 123 de l'embase 12,
  • le second montant vertical 122 de l'embase 12,
  • l'extrémité de l'autre bras transversal 14, puis la face supérieure 145 du bras 14,
  • la palette mobile 19.
When an electric control current is present in the coil 20, the magnetic field B circulating inside the magnetic circuit 10 goes through the following path, summarily marked by the arrows of the figure 2 :
  • the moving pallet 19,
  • the upper face 135 of one of the two transverse arms, for example the arm 13, then the end 136 of the arm 13,
  • the first vertical upright 121 of the base 12,
  • the base 123 of the base 12,
  • the second vertical upright 122 of the base 12,
  • the end of the other transverse arm 14, then the upper face 145 of the arm 14,
  • the mobile pallet 19.

Un courant électrique circulant en sens inverse dans la bobine 20 aboutirait évidemment à un chemin inverse du champ magnétique B. La boucle de la partie fixe 11 entourant une partie de la bobine 20 et passant par l'ouverture centrale de la bobine 20 est donc formée par : un bras transversal 13, l'embase 12 et l'autre bras 14. Comme l'embase 12 est agencée pour que ses deux montants verticaux 121,122 soient positionnés de part et d'autre de la bobine 20, le champ magnétique B circulant dans les bras 13,14 traverse toujours l'ouverture centrale de la bobine 20 dans le même sens. En conséquence, le champ magnétique B traverse avantageusement deux fois dans le même sens l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation 20.An electric current flowing in the reverse direction in the coil 20 would obviously lead to a reverse path of the magnetic field B. The loop of the fixed portion 11 surrounding a portion of the coil 20 and passing through the central opening of the coil 20 is formed by: a transverse arm 13, the base 12 and the other arm 14. As the base 12 is arranged so that its two vertical uprights 121,122 are positioned on either side of the coil 20, the magnetic field B flowing in the arms 13,14 always crosses the central opening of the coil 20 in the same direction. As a result, the magnetic field B advantageously crosses the central opening of the excitation coil 20 twice in the same direction.

Lorsqu'un circuit magnétique traverse une fois la bobine d'excitation, le champ magnétique B créé est proportionnel à (N*I), N représentant le nombre de spires de la bobine et I l'intensité du courant de commande. Lorsque le circuit magnétique traverse Y fois la bobine 20 dans le même sens, le champ magnétique B est alors proportionnel à (Y*N*I). Donc, dans l'exemple des figures 1 et 2, le champ magnétique B est proportionnel à (2*N*I) jusqu'à saturation des matériaux magnétiques, c'est-à-dire qu'il est deux fois plus important que dans une solution classique où le circuit magnétique ne traverserait qu'une fois l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation. Avec une telle solution classique, il faudrait en conséquence doubler le nombre de spires N de la bobine ou doubler l'intensité du courant I pour avoir un champ magnétique équivalent, ce qui engendrerait des inconvénients liés au prix du cuivre àutiliser pour la bobine, àla taille de la bobine et/ou àl'augmentation de la chaleur à dissiper. Les sections des différents éléments en matériau magnétique sont déterminées pour que le circuit magnétique 10 présente un minimum de saturation magnétique dans les plages d'utilisation de l'actionneur.When a magnetic circuit passes through the excitation coil once, the magnetic field B created is proportional to (N * I), where N is the number of turns of the coil and I is the intensity of the control current. When the magnetic circuit passes through the coil 20 in the same direction, the magnetic field B is then proportional to (Y * N * I). So, in the example of Figures 1 and 2 , the magnetic field B is proportional to (2 * N * I) until saturation of the magnetic materials, that is to say that it is twice as important as in a conventional solution where the magnetic circuit would only cross once the central opening of the excitation coil. With such a conventional solution, it would therefore be necessary to double the number of turns N of the coil or double the intensity of the current I to have an equivalent magnetic field, which would cause disadvantages related to the price of the copper to be used for the coil, the size of the coil and / or the increase of the heat to be dissipated. The sections of the different elements made of magnetic material are determined so that the magnetic circuit 10 has a minimum of magnetic saturation in the operating ranges of the actuator.

Comme la force d'attraction F d'un actionneur électromagnétique est proportionnelle au carré du champ magnétique B, F est alors proportionnelle à 4*(N*I)2, ce qui fait que la solution décrite ci-dessus permet de multiplier par 4 la force d'attraction F d'un actionneur électromagnétique dont le circuit magnétique 10 traverse deux fois la bobine 20, ce qui procure un avantage considérable par rapport au faible coût de la solution.Since the attractive force F of an electromagnetic actuator is proportional to the square of the magnetic field B, F is then proportional to 4 * (N * I) 2 , so that the solution described above makes it possible to multiply by 4 the attractive force F of an electromagnetic actuator whose magnetic circuit 10 passes twice through the coil 20, which provides a considerable advantage over the low cost of the solution.

Selon une variante, on aurait pu aussi envisager un circuit magnétique traversant plus que deux fois, par exemple Y fois, la bobine d'excitation de façon àformer Y-1 boucles passant par l'ouverture centrale de la bobine 20. Dans ce cas, la force d'attraction F aurait été augmentée d'un facteur égal au carré du nombre de passages Y dans l'ouverture de la bobine.According to one variant, it would also be possible to envisage a magnetic circuit traversing more than twice, for example Y times, the excitation coil so as to form Y-1 loops passing through the central opening of the coil 20. In this case, the force of attraction F would have been increased by a factor equal to the square of the number of passages Y in the opening of the coil.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, l'actionneur électromagnétique comprend un circuit de commande composé de X bobines d'excitation montées en série et dotées chacune d'une ouverture centrale, et un circuit magnétique composé d'une seule partie mobile, telle qu'une palette mobile, et de X parties fixes reliées magnétiquement entre elles, chaque partie fixe du circuit magnétique traversant plusieurs fois l'ouverture centrale d'une bobine d'excitation correspondante en formant au moins une boucle.In another embodiment, the electromagnetic actuator comprises a control circuit consisting of X excitation coils connected in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit consisting of a single moving part, such as a movable pallet, and X fixed parts magnetically connected to each other, each fixed portion of the magnetic circuit crossing several times the central opening of a corresponding excitation coil forming at least one loop.

Ainsi, les figures 3 et 4 montrent un circuit de commande composé de deux bobines 20,20' reliées électriquement en série. Ces bobines d'excitation sont par exemple chacune identiques à la bobine 20 de la figure 2. Le circuit magnétique 10' comporte une palette mobile 19' et deux parties fixes reliées magnétiquement entre elles par une pièce de liaison 18', telle qu'un barreau en matériau ferromagnétique. Chaque partie fixe est par exemple identique àla partie fixe 11 décrite dans les figures 1 et 2. Ainsi, la première partie fixe et la seconde partie fixe comportent chacune une embase, respectivement 12 et 12', juxtaposée à deux bras transversaux, respectivement 13,14 et 13',14', qui traversent l'ouverture centrale de la bobine d'excitation correspondante, respectivement 20 et 20'.Thus, Figures 3 and 4 show a control circuit consisting of two coils 20,20 'electrically connected in series. These excitation coils are for example each identical to the coil 20 of the figure 2 . The magnetic circuit 10 'comprises a movable pallet 19' and two fixed parts magnetically interconnected by a connecting piece 18 ', such as a bar made of ferromagnetic material. Each fixed part is for example identical to the fixed part 11 described in the Figures 1 and 2 . Thus, the first fixed part and the second fixed part each comprise a base, respectively 12 and 12 ', juxtaposed with two transverse arms, respectively 13,14 and 13', 14 ', which pass through the central opening of the spool. corresponding excitation, respectively 20 and 20 '.

Le rôle de la pièce de liaison 18' est de relier les deux bras médians du circuit magnétique 10', àsavoir un bras 14 de la première partie fixe et un bras 13' de la seconde partie fixe adjacente, de manière à assurer la continuité du champ magnétique circulant dans l'ensemble du circuit magnétique 10'. Préférentiellement, afin d'utiliser deux parties fixes identiques et ainsi simplifier la fabrication de l'actionneur, la pièce de liaison 18' est conçue de façon àrelier les parties fixes en enjambant les bobines 20,20'.The role of the connecting piece 18 'is to connect the two median arms of the magnetic circuit 10', to have an arm 14 of the first fixed part and an arm 13 'of the second fixed part adjacent, so as to ensure the continuity of the magnetic field flowing throughout the magnetic circuit 10 '. Preferably, in order to use two identical fixed parts and thus simplify the manufacture of the actuator, the connecting piece 18 'is designed to connect the fixed parts by spanning the coils 20,20'.

Les deux extrémités de la palette mobile 19' sont pourvues de deux excroissances 191',192' comportant chacune une face polaire, ou face de retour de fer, qui sont placées en vis-à-vis des faces supérieures des bras placés aux deux extrémités des parties fixes du circuit magnétique 10'. Dans l'exemple des figures 3 et 4, la face polaire 191' est en vis-à-vis de la face supérieure 135 du bras 13 de la première partie fixe et la face polaire 192' est en vis-à-vis de la face supérieure 145' du bras 14' de la seconde partie fixe. L'entrefer du circuit magnétique 10' est alors constitué par l'espace formé entre les faces polaires 191',192' de la palette mobile et les faces supérieures 135,145' des bras correspondants. Les excroissances 191',192' ont une hauteur suffisante pour permettre le positionnement de la palette mobile 19' au-dessus de la pièce de liaison 18' àune distance suffisante pour ne pas gêner la circulation du champ magnétique dans le circuit magnétique 10' ni générer trop de fuites entre la pièce de liaison 18' et la palette mobile 19', même en position attirée.Both ends of the movable pallet 19 'are provided with two protuberances 191', 192 'each comprising a polar face, or iron return face, which are placed opposite the upper faces of the arms placed at both ends fixed parts of the magnetic circuit 10 '. In the example of Figures 3 and 4 , the polar face 191 'is opposite the upper face 135 of the arm 13 of the first fixed part and the polar face 192' is opposite the upper face 145 'of the arm 14' of the second part fixes. The air gap of the magnetic circuit 10 'is then constituted by the space formed between the pole faces 191', 192 'of the movable pallet and the upper faces 135, 145' of the corresponding arms. The protuberances 191 ', 192' have a height sufficient to allow positioning of the movable pallet 19 'above the connecting piece 18' at a distance sufficient to not interfere with the flow of the magnetic field in the magnetic circuit 10 'and generate too many leaks between the connecting piece 18 'and the movable pallet 19', even in the attracted position.

Lors de la présence d'un courant électrique de commande I dans les bobines 20,20' le champ magnétique B' circulant à l'intérieur du circuit magnétique 10' parcourt le chemin suivant : la palette mobile 19', le bras 13, l'embase 12, le bras 14, la pièce de liaison 18', le bras 13', l'embase 12', le bras 14', et enfin la palette mobile 19'. Ainsi, le champ magnétique B' circule toujours dans le même sens dans les quatre bras 13,14,13',14' et donc traverse l'ouverture centrale de chaque bobine d'excitation 20,20' deux fois dans le même sens.When an electric control current I is present in the coils 20, 20 ', the magnetic field B' flowing inside the magnetic circuit 10 'travels along the following path: the mobile pallet 19', the arm 13, the base 12, the arm 14, the connecting piece 18 ', the arm 13', the base 12 ', the arm 14', and finally the movable pallet 19 '. Thus, the magnetic field B 'always flows in the same direction in the four arms 13,14,13', 14 'and thus crosses the central opening of each excitation coil 20,20' twice in the same direction.

Dans un tel actionneur, le champ magnétique B', créé par la circulation d'un courant de commande I dans les 2*N spires des bobines 20,20' en série, est proportionnel à (2*(2*N)*I) jusqu'àsaturation des matériaux magnétiques, ce qui fait que la force d'attraction F' est alors proportionnelle à 16*(N*I)2. La différence par rapport à un actionneur classique est particulièrement intéressante puisqu'un actionneur classique, c'est-à-dire dont le circuit magnétique ne traverserait qu'une seule fois chaque bobine 20,20', et comprenant 2*N spires, ne procurerait qu'une force d'attraction proportionnelle à 4*(N*I)2.In such an actuator, the magnetic field B ', created by the circulation of a control current I in the 2 * N turns of the coils 20, 20' in series, is proportional to (2 * (2 * N) * I ) to saturation of the magnetic materials, so that the attractive force F 'is then proportional to 16 * (N * I) 2 . The difference compared to a conventional actuator is particularly interesting since a conventional actuator, that is to say whose magnetic circuit would cross only once each coil 20,20 ', and comprising 2 * N turns, not would provide a force of attraction proportional to 4 * (N * I) 2 .

De façon équivalente, une extension de ce mode de réalisation permet d'utiliser X bobines en série, X parties fixes de circuit magnétique en série au moyen de X-1 pièces de liaison et 1 palette mobile, procurant ainsi une force d'attraction proportionnelle à (X*(2*N)*I)2.Equivalently, an extension of this embodiment makes it possible to use X coils in series, X fixed magnetic circuit parts in series by means of X-1 connecting pieces and 1 moving paddle, thus providing a proportional pulling force. at (X * (2 * N) * I) 2 .

Les dispositions décrites dans le brevet présentent également l'avantage de proposer un actionneur très facile àassembler lors de sa fabrication. En effet, en raison de la présence des deux bras transversaux séparés composant la partie fixe, la boucle du circuit magnétique autour de la bobine peut être assemblée de la façon suivante : l'armature 21 avec la bobine 20 déjàbobinée est d'abord posée sur le socle 123 de l'embase 12 entre les montants verticaux 121,122, puis les bras 13 et 14 sont insérés, éventuellement guidés dans l'ouverture par des moyens de guidage simples, de chaque côté dans l'ouverture centrale de la bobine 20 pour venir se plaquer contre les montants 121,122. L'ensemble de l'actionneur peut alors être introduit tel quel dans un boîtier de l'appareil interrupteur assurant le maintien des bras 13 et 14 en position, sans nécessiter d'autres moyens de fixation des bras.The provisions described in the patent also have the advantage of providing an actuator very easy to assemble during its manufacture. Indeed, because of the presence of the two separate transverse arms constituting the fixed part, the loop of the magnetic circuit around the coil can be assembled in the following way: the armature 21 with the coil 20 already wound is first placed on the base 123 of the base 12 between the uprights 121,122, then the arms 13 and 14 are inserted, possibly guided in the opening by simple guide means, each side in the central opening of the coil 20 to be pressed against the amounts 121,122. The entire actuator can then be introduced as such into a housing of the switch device ensuring the maintenance of the arms 13 and 14 in position, without requiring other means of attachment of the arms.

Diverses autres solutions moins avantageuses sont néanmoins possibles, comme la fabrication de la partie fixe 11 du circuit magnétique en une seule pièce réalisée en fer fritté, puis la mise en place de l'armature 21 en deux parties distinctes assemblées autour du circuit magnétique 11 et enfin la réalisation de l'enroulement de la bobine 20 autour de l'armature 21 ainsi montée.Various other less advantageous solutions are nevertheless possible, such as the manufacture of the fixed part 11 of the one-piece magnetic circuit made of sintered iron, then the fitting of the armature 21 into two distinct parts assembled around the magnetic circuit 11 and finally achieving the winding of the coil 20 around the frame 21 thus mounted.

Claims (10)

  1. Electromagnetic actuator for an electrical switching device, comprising a control circuit composed of a field coil (20) having a central opening and a magnetic circuit (10) composed of a fixed part (11) and a movable strip (19) which can move when an electric current flows in the field coil (20), characterized in that the fixed part (11) of the magnetic circuit (10) passes through the central opening of the field coil (20) several times to form at least one loop.
  2. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the fixed part (11) of the magnetic circuit (10) passes through the central opening of the field coil (20) twice to form a loop.
  3. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 2, characterized in that the fixed part (11) of the magnetic circuit (10) comprises a base (12) juxtaposed with two non-contiguous arms (13, 14) which pass through the central opening of the field coil (20).
  4. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the two arms (13, 14) are of identical shape.
  5. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the magnetic field flowing in the magnetic circuit (10) follows a path passing through the movable strip (19), a first of the two arms (13), the base (12), and the second arm (14), before returning to the movable strip (19), the flow of the magnetic field following the same direction in both of the arms (13, 14).
  6. Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a control circuit composed of a number of X field coils (20, 20') mounted in series and each provided with a central opening, and a magnetic circuit (10') composed of a movable strip (19') and the number of X fixed parts interconnected magnetically, each fixed part of the magnetic circuit passing through the central opening of a corresponding field coil (20, 20') several times to form at least one loop.
  7. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 6, characterized in that the control circuit is composed of two field coils (20, 20') mounted in series, and the magnetic circuit (10') is composed of a movable strip (19') and two fixed parts interconnected magnetically.
  8. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 6, characterized in that each fixed part of the magnetic circuit (10') comprises a base (12, 12') juxtaposed with a first arm (13, 13') and with a second arm (14, 14'), each of which passes through the central opening of the corresponding field coil (20, 20').
  9. Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 8, characterized in that the magnetic circuit (10') has a connecting piece (18') between an arm (14) of a first fixed part of the magnetic circuit and an arm (13') of an adjacent second fixed part of the magnetic circuit.
  10. Electrical switching device, characterized in that it has an electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims.
EP03104052A 2002-11-13 2003-11-03 Electromagnetic actuator Expired - Lifetime EP1420427B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0214350 2002-11-13
FR0214350A FR2847071B1 (en) 2002-11-13 2002-11-13 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR

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EP1420427B1 true EP1420427B1 (en) 2011-06-15

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AT (1) ATE513304T1 (en)
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FR2864329B1 (en) * 2003-12-19 2006-01-27 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR
FR2893780A1 (en) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-25 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Electric energy generation device for e.g. supplying transmitter, has magnetic circuit formed of movable part and fixed part that traverses central opening of coil two times by forming loop, where circuit is made of ferromagnetic material

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US2381080A (en) * 1942-12-05 1945-08-07 William A Ray Electromagnetic relay
EP0709865A1 (en) * 1994-10-26 1996-05-01 Lem S.A. Method and device for coupling magnetic material with electric windings

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FR2847071B1 (en) 2004-12-24
ATE513304T1 (en) 2011-07-15

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