WO2010018030A1 - Hybrid electromagnetic actuator with fixed coil - Google Patents

Hybrid electromagnetic actuator with fixed coil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010018030A1
WO2010018030A1 PCT/EP2009/058551 EP2009058551W WO2010018030A1 WO 2010018030 A1 WO2010018030 A1 WO 2010018030A1 EP 2009058551 W EP2009058551 W EP 2009058551W WO 2010018030 A1 WO2010018030 A1 WO 2010018030A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coil
movable
core
movable core
closed position
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2009/058551
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christian Bataille
Original Assignee
Schneider Electric Industries Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schneider Electric Industries Sas filed Critical Schneider Electric Industries Sas
Publication of WO2010018030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010018030A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H53/00—Relays using the dynamo-electric effect, i.e. relays in which contacts are opened or closed due to relative movement of current-carrying conductor and magnetic field caused by force of interaction between them
    • H01H53/06—Magnetodynamic relays, i.e. relays in which the magnetic field is produced by a permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/26—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor
    • H01H2003/268—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor using a linear motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator intended to be used in a switch electrical appliance, in particular in a relay, contactor or contactor-circuit breaker type apparatus.
  • the invention also relates to a switch device comprising such an actuator for actuating its movable contacts.
  • the switch device comprises fixed contacts cooperating with movable contacts and an electromagnetic actuator which moves the movable contacts between a closed position (also called working position) in which they are pressed against the fixed contacts to circulate the current. supply in the electrical load, and an open position (also called rest position) in which they are separated from the fixed contacts, thereby cutting off the power supply to the load.
  • an electromagnet reluctant system is an actuation system frequently used in contactors. It comprises an excitation coil traversed by an electric control current and a variable inductance ferromagnetic circuit comprising a fixed part and a movable part. The circulation of a control current in the coil allows a displacement of the moving part of the magnetic circuit which is mechanically connected to the moving contacts of the apparatus.
  • Such an actuator can also be polarized by the addition of a permanent magnet.
  • a reluctant system primarily generates a magnetic force that results from the change in reluctance due to the change in the value of the air gap of the magnetic circuit between the open and closed positions. This force is inversely proportional to the square of the value of the magnetic gap. In the closed position, when the value of the gap is minimal, the motor force generated is therefore maximum. A low holding current in the coil is then sufficient to oppose the resisting force of the return means (such as return springs and contact pressure springs) and maintain the system in the closed position with a pressure of sufficient contact.
  • the return means such as return springs and contact pressure springs
  • a reluctant system is capable of providing this important motor force only over a very short stroke, generally less than a few millimeters. Indeed, in the open position, the value of the air gap of the magnetic circuit is maximum. To start the closing stroke bringing the movable contacts from the open position to the closed position, a high inrush current in the coil is necessary to create a sufficient motor force capable of attracting the moving part of the magnetic circuit. This can then lead to oversize the entire system (magnetic circuit and coil) with respect to this high inrush current requirement in the coil.
  • An actuating system of the electrodynamic type has a fixed ferromagnetic circuit, a magnet assembly and a coil which is movable with respect to this magnet assembly. It can be either fixed magnet and moving coil (such as a Voice-coil), or fixed coil and moving magnet (Moving Magnet electromagnet).
  • the magnetic force is mainly a Laplace force which results from the variation of the mutual inductance between the magnet assembly and the coil. It is proportional to the current flowing through the coil, to the magnetic induction generated by the magnet assembly and also to the length of the coil traversed perpendicularly by the magnetic field generated by the magnet assembly.
  • Such a system therefore provides a motor force having a good linearity throughout the race between the open and closed positions, for a magnetic flux and a given coil current.
  • this system does not provide a significant additional motor force near the closed position to ensure a good contact pressure of the movable contacts on the fixed contacts of the switch device. It is then necessary to greatly increase the coil current in the closed position, resulting in a significant electrical consumption as well as possible thermal problems.
  • Hybrid actuators already exist which combine the advantages of a reluctant system and an electrodynamic system, so that the profile of the curve of the motor force of the actuator is more adapted to the profile of the curve. resistant force of the moving contacts in a contactor type device.
  • document EP1655755 describes such a hybrid electromagnetic actuator operating either in reluctant mode or in electrodynamic mode, depending on the position of the movable part of the actuator.
  • the electrodynamic system mainly provides the necessary motor force during the approach stroke of the moving contacts and the reluctant system mainly provides the additional motor force required at the end of the closing stroke to effectively press and hold the moving contacts against fixed contacts. Nevertheless, the precise control of such an actuator can be difficult, especially during the opening movement of the contacts.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to design a simple and robust actuator of a switch electrical device that allows a more precise control of the movable part, both during the closure of the contacts that when opening the contacts.
  • the invention proposes a hybrid electromechanical actuator which has, on the one hand, an electrodynamic actuator type operation with a moving magnet in a first position (called an open position) and, on the other hand, a mixed operation of electrodynamic actuator type with a moving magnet. and reluctant actuator biased in a second position (called closed position).
  • the invention describes an electromagnetic actuator for a switchgear comprising a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed yoke and a central core which is movable between an open position and a closed position, the movable core having with the yoke a fixed magnetic gap whose value is maximum in the open position and is minimal in the closed position, a fixed excitation coil capable of being traversed by an electric control current and a moving magnetic assembly secured to the movable core.
  • the magnet assembly is positioned between the spool and the movable core in the open position and is positioned partially between the spool and the movable core and partly between the movable core and a wall of the fixed yoke in the closed position, so a part of the magnetic flux of the actuator does not cross the coil.
  • the magnetization axis of the magnet assembly is perpendicular to an axis of displacement of the movable core.
  • the fixed yoke has a first narrow side portion which is arranged to face a portion of the magnet assembly in the closed position and a second wide side portion which is arranged to house the coil.
  • the magnet assembly comprises two permanent magnets fixed on the movable core symmetrically on either side of the axis of displacement of the movable core.
  • the magnet assembly comprises two magnetic subassemblies fixed on the movable core symmetrically on either side of an axis of displacement of the mobile core, each magnetic subassembly comprising two distinct permanent magnets whose axes magnetization are opposite each other.
  • Such an electromagnetic actuator thus combines the advantages of a reluctant system and an electrodynamic system, so as to better adapt the profile of the curve of the motor force of the actuator to the profile of the resistant stress curve.
  • the architecture of the actuator makes it possible to better control and control the speed of the moving part and the forces subjected to the moving part, in both directions of movement, as well as to optimize its electrical consumption.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified sectional view of a first embodiment of a hybrid actuator according to the invention, in the open position
  • Figure 2 shows the actuator of Figure 1 in the closed position
  • Figure 3 shows a simplified sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows the actuator of Figure 3 in the closed position.
  • a switch-type electrical apparatus, contactor-circuit breaker or relay comprises fixed contacts which cooperate with movable contacts in order to switch the passage of a power current supplying an electric load.
  • the apparatus is of the monopolar or multipole type and comprises, for one or more poles, an electromagnetic actuator as described in the invention.
  • the movable part of the actuator is mechanically connected to the moving contacts of the switch device, so that in the closed position the movable contacts are pressed against the fixed contacts allowing the flow of the power current, and in the open position the contacts movable are separated from the fixed contacts prohibiting the circulation of the power current.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show an electromagnetic actuator which comprises a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material and having a fixed yoke 10 and a movable part.
  • the moving part comprises a central core 20 of the plunger type.
  • This core 20 is movable along a longitudinal displacement axis X between a first open position (rest) and a second closed position (work).
  • the mobile part of the magnetic circuit can obviously also include additional conventional elements allowing for example to optimize the size and shape of air gaps or to mechanically drive the moving contacts of the switch device. These elements are not shown in the figures for the sake of simplification.
  • the fixed yoke 10 has a base 14 and an upper part 13 which are substantially perpendicular to the axis X. Between the base 14 and the upper part 13, the yoke has a lateral portion substantially parallel to the axis.
  • X axis located on both sides of the X axis and composed of a first narrow side wall 1 1 extended by a second wide side wall 12.
  • the upper part 13 has a central opening to let the mobile core 20.
  • the assembly of the yoke 10 may be symmetrical about the X axis.
  • the magnetic circuit has a magnetic gap E which is formed on the one hand by a first space between the movable core 20 and the upper part 13 of the fixed yoke 10 and on the other hand by a second space between the mobile core 20 and the base 14 of the fixed yoke 10.
  • the first space remains substantially constant during the movement of the movable core 20 while the second space varies as a function of the displacement of the mobile core 20, the mobile core 20 being closer to the base 14 in the closed position (see Figures 1 & 2).
  • the air gap E therefore has a minimum value in the closed position and a maximum value in the open position.
  • the actuator also comprises a fixed excitation coil 30 which can be traversed by an electric control current in order to control the movement or the retention of the mobile core 20.
  • the switch device has electronic control means which are able to circulate the coil control current in one direction or the other, for the purpose of precisely controlling the actuator.
  • the coil 30 of the actuator is fixed thus simplifying its electrical connection to the electronic control means responsible for circulating the control current in the coil.
  • the coil 30 is housed inside the wide lateral wall 12 of the fixed yoke 10 symmetrically with respect to the X axis.
  • coil 30 has an inner face 31 directed towards the movable core 20 and an opposite outer face which is fixed against the wide side wall 12.
  • the fixed yoke 10 In a plane orthogonal to the axis of displacement X, the fixed yoke 10, the movable core 20 and the coil 30 have either a cross section of square, rectangular or rounded.
  • the actuator also comprises a movable magnet assembly which is integral with the movable core 20.
  • the magnet assembly comprises two permanent magnets 40, 41 respectively, fixed against the movable core 20 of symmetrically with respect to the axis of displacement X.
  • the magnetization axes of the magnets 40, 41 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the axis X and are indifferently directed either opposite to the axis X (as indicated in Figures 1 & 2), or to the X axis.
  • the magnet assembly comprises two magnetic subassemblies 42,43, respectively 44,45, fixed against the movable core 20 symmetrically with respect to the axis of displacement X
  • Each magnetic subassembly is composed of two separate permanent magnets.
  • the magnetization axes of the magnets 42, 43, 44, 45 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the axis X.
  • the magnetization axes of the two magnets of the same magnetic subassembly are opposite one another. to the other.
  • the magnetization axis of the magnet 42 is opposite that of the magnet 43 and the magnetization axis of the magnet 44 is opposite that of the magnet 45.
  • the applications of the relay, contactor or contactor-circuit breaker type can require that in the absence of current flowing in the coil, the moving part of the magnetic circuit is in the open position, for safety reasons (separation of the fixed contacts and mobile).
  • the actuator comprises return means, usually in the form of a return spring (not shown in the figures). This return spring must generate a restoring force F s sufficient to overcome the magnetic force created solely by the magnet assembly and the magnetic circuit in position. closed in the absence of current flowing in the coil, thereby allowing the actuator to move from the closed position to the open position.
  • the actuator In the open position, the actuator is arranged so that the magnet assembly 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 is fully positioned between the coil 30 and the movable core 20. All the magnet assembly 40, 41, 42 Thus, 43,44,45 is positioned directly opposite the inner face 31 of the coil 30.
  • the actuator then operates mainly as an electrodynamic actuator of the Moving Magnet type when a current
  • the control circuit circulates in the coil 30 because a large majority of the flux lines of the actuator pass through the magnet assembly and the coil 30.
  • the actuator is arranged so that the magnet assembly 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 is positioned partially between the coil 30 and the movable core 20 and partially between the narrow side wall 11. of the yoke 10 and the movable core 20.
  • the magnet assembly 40,41, 42,43,44,45 is thus partially positioned directly opposite the side wall 11 of the yoke 10.
  • the actuator is then a combination of an electrodynamic actuator of the Moving Magnet type because part of the flow lines of the actuator pass through the magnet assembly and the coil 30, and a polarized reluctant actuator because a part flux lines of the actuator no longer cross the coil 30 but loops in effect by taking the following path (as shown in Figures 2 & 4): magnet assembly 40,41, 43,45, side wall 11 of the cylinder head , base 14 of the yoke, air gap E, movable core 20, magnet assembly 40,41, 43,45.
  • This mixed operation in the closed position makes it possible to ensure a significant effort of maintaining in position for a low power consumption thanks to the polarized reluctant actuator part, while maintaining a great capacity to rapidly control the mobile core during the opening movement thanks to the electrodynamic actuator part.
  • this solution is very simple and economical because it is directly the fixed yoke which is used to loop back part of the flow of the magnet assembly through the narrow side wall January 1 and the base 14, in the polarized operation reluctant actuator .
  • the operation of the actuator is therefore as follows: In the absence of control current flowing in the coil, the movable core 20 is positioned in open position by means of the return spring.
  • an increasing portion of the magnet assembly is no longer located opposite the inner face 31 of the coil 30, but is located directly opposite the side wall 1 1 of the cylinder head 10 to form a polarized reluctant actuator.
  • a part of the magnetic flux of the actuator then no longer crosses the coil 30, but loops directly between the magnet assembly, the cylinder head 10 and the core 20.
  • An additional reinforcement type force F R is then created which is inversely proportional to the square of the magnetic gap E. This force F R is therefore maximum in the closed position and then reinforces the force of Laplace F E , which advantageously reduces the power consumption of the actuator by reducing the control current circulating in the coil 30 to a value called holding current which keeps the movable core in the closed position.
  • the reluctant force F R created by the magnet assembly must remain slightly less than the restoring force F s created by the return spring, so that the movable core 20 returns to the open position as soon as the control current of the coil 20.
  • the holding current in the closed position is calculated so that the sum F R + F E - F s allows to create sufficient pressure on the moving contacts of the switch device, for a power current value given in the poles of the device.
  • the mixed arrangement of the actuator in the closed position makes it possible to precisely control the opening movement upon separation between fixed contacts and moving contacts, varying the value and direction of the control current. For example, a strong reverse pulse of the control current at startup speeds up the opening of the contacts and thus reduce the risk of electric arc. It can also help break small welds between moving and stationary contacts.
  • Adjustments concerning the shapes, the dimensions and the positioning of the magnet assembly with respect to the coil make it possible to precisely adjust the proportions between the reluctant operation and the electrodynamic operation of the actuator. These adjustments are part of the adjustments that must be tailored to the desired applications and performance of the electrical appliance.
  • the magnetization axes of the magnets 42, 43 are opposite.
  • the interaction between the flux generated by the coil and the flux of the magnets causes a resulting magnetic flux that passes through the two magnets in series, so as to accentuate the resulting force generated, as shown in FIG.
  • the fact of having two separate magnets 42,43 (respectively 44,45) for each subassembly makes it possible to better differentiate the mixed operation of the actuator. It can thus be envisaged that the first magnet 42, respectively 44, of a subassembly remains mainly positioned between the coil 30 and the mobile core 20 to create the electrodynamic force, while the second magnet 43, respectively 45, of the sub -ensemble is mainly positioned between the side wall 11 of the yoke 10 and the movable core 20 to create the reluctant force, as shown in Figure 4.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for a switching electric apparatus, including a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed yoke (10) and a central core (20) mobile between an open position and a closed position, the mobile core (20) having, together with the fixed yoke (10), a magnetic air gap (E) having a maximum value in the open position and a minimum value in the closed position, a fixed excitation coil (30) and a mobile magnetised assembly (40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45) secured to the mobile core (20). The magnetised assembly is positioned between the coil (30) and the mobile core (20) in the open position, and is positioned partially between the coil (30) and the mobile core (20) and partially between the mobile core (20) and a wall (11) of the fixed yoke (10) in the closed position so that a portion of the magnetic flow of the actuator does not pass through the coil (30).

Description

Actionneur électromagnétique hybride à bobine fixe Electromagnetic hybrid actuator with fixed coil
La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromagnétique destiné à être utilisé dans un appareil électrique interrupteur, en particulier dans un appareil de type relais, contacteur ou contacteur-disjoncteur. L'invention concerne aussi un appareil interrupteur comportant un tel actionneur pour actionner ses contacts mobiles.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator intended to be used in a switch electrical appliance, in particular in a relay, contactor or contactor-circuit breaker type apparatus. The invention also relates to a switch device comprising such an actuator for actuating its movable contacts.
Ces appareils électriques interrupteurs servent habituellement à commuter le circuit d'alimentation d'une charge ou d'un récepteur électrique, par exemple un moteur électrique, raccordé en aval de l'appareil. Pour cela, l'appareil interrupteur comporte des contacts fixes coopérant avec des contacts mobiles et un actionneur électromagnétique qui déplace les contacts mobiles entre une position fermée (appelée aussi position travail) dans laquelle ils sont plaqués contre les contacts fixes pour faire circuler le courant d'alimentation dans la charge électrique, et une position ouverte (appelée aussi position repos) dans laquelle ils sont séparés des contacts fixes, coupant ainsi l'alimentation de la charge.These electrical switches are usually used to switch the supply circuit of a load or an electric receiver, for example an electric motor, connected downstream of the device. For this, the switch device comprises fixed contacts cooperating with movable contacts and an electromagnetic actuator which moves the movable contacts between a closed position (also called working position) in which they are pressed against the fixed contacts to circulate the current. supply in the electrical load, and an open position (also called rest position) in which they are separated from the fixed contacts, thereby cutting off the power supply to the load.
Les actionneurs peuvent utiliser divers systèmes d'actionnement basés sur différentes propriétés magnétiques et/ou électromagnétiques. Par exemple, un système réluctant de type électroaimant est un système d'actionnement fréquemment utilisé dans des contacteurs. Il comporte une bobine d'excitation parcourue par un courant électrique de commande et un circuit ferromagnétique à inductance variable comprenant une partie fixe et une partie mobile. La circulation d'un courant de commande dans la bobine permet un déplacement de la partie mobile du circuit magnétique qui est mécaniquement liée aux contacts mobiles de l'appareil. Un tel actionneur peut par ailleurs être polarisé par l'adjonction d'un aimant permanent.The actuators can use various actuation systems based on different magnetic and / or electromagnetic properties. For example, an electromagnet reluctant system is an actuation system frequently used in contactors. It comprises an excitation coil traversed by an electric control current and a variable inductance ferromagnetic circuit comprising a fixed part and a movable part. The circulation of a control current in the coil allows a displacement of the moving part of the magnetic circuit which is mechanically connected to the moving contacts of the apparatus. Such an actuator can also be polarized by the addition of a permanent magnet.
Un système réluctant génère principalement une force magnétique qui résulte de la variation de réluctance due à la variation de la valeur de l'entrefer du circuit magnétique entre les positions ouverte et fermée. Cette force est inversement proportionnelle au carré de la valeur de l'entrefer magnétique. En position fermée, quand la valeur de l'entrefer est minimale, l'effort moteur généré est donc maximal. Un faible courant de maintien dans la bobine est alors suffisant pour s'opposer à l'effort résistant des moyens de rappel (tels que des ressorts de rappel et des ressorts de pression de contacts) et maintenir le système en position fermée avec une pression de contact suffisante.A reluctant system primarily generates a magnetic force that results from the change in reluctance due to the change in the value of the air gap of the magnetic circuit between the open and closed positions. This force is inversely proportional to the square of the value of the magnetic gap. In the closed position, when the value of the gap is minimal, the motor force generated is therefore maximum. A low holding current in the coil is then sufficient to oppose the resisting force of the return means (such as return springs and contact pressure springs) and maintain the system in the closed position with a pressure of sufficient contact.
Néanmoins, un système réluctant n'est capable de fournir cet effort moteur important que sur une très faible course, généralement inférieure à quelques millimètres. En effet, en position ouverte, la valeur de l'entrefer du circuit magnétique est maximale. Pour démarrer la course de fermeture amenant les contacts mobiles de la position ouverte vers la position fermée, un fort courant d'appel dans la bobine est donc nécessaire pour créer un effort moteur suffisant capable d'attirer la partie mobile du circuit magnétique. Cela peut conduire alors à sur-dimensionner l'ensemble du système (circuit magnétique et bobine) par rapport à ce besoin de fort courant d'appel dans la bobine.Nevertheless, a reluctant system is capable of providing this important motor force only over a very short stroke, generally less than a few millimeters. Indeed, in the open position, the value of the air gap of the magnetic circuit is maximum. To start the closing stroke bringing the movable contacts from the open position to the closed position, a high inrush current in the coil is necessary to create a sufficient motor force capable of attracting the moving part of the magnetic circuit. This can then lead to oversize the entire system (magnetic circuit and coil) with respect to this high inrush current requirement in the coil.
Un système d'actionnement appelé de type électrodynamique présente un circuit ferromagnétique fixe, un ensemble aimanté et une bobine qui est mobile par rapport à cet ensemble aimanté. Il peut être soit à aimant fixe et bobine mobile (tel qu'un Voice-coil), soit à bobine fixe et aimant mobile (électroaimant de type Moving Magnet). Dans un tel actionneur de type électrodynamique, la force magnétique est principalement une force de Laplace qui résulte de la variation de l'inductance mutuelle entre l'ensemble aimanté et la bobine. Elle est proportionnelle au courant traversant la bobine, à l'induction magnétique générée par l'ensemble aimanté et aussi à la longueur de la bobine traversée perpendiculairement par le champ magnétique généré par l'ensemble aimanté. Un tel système fournit donc un effort moteur ayant une bonne linéarité tout au long de la course entre les positions ouverte et fermée, pour un flux magnétique et un courant bobine donné.An actuating system of the electrodynamic type has a fixed ferromagnetic circuit, a magnet assembly and a coil which is movable with respect to this magnet assembly. It can be either fixed magnet and moving coil (such as a Voice-coil), or fixed coil and moving magnet (Moving Magnet electromagnet). In such an electrodynamic type actuator, the magnetic force is mainly a Laplace force which results from the variation of the mutual inductance between the magnet assembly and the coil. It is proportional to the current flowing through the coil, to the magnetic induction generated by the magnet assembly and also to the length of the coil traversed perpendicularly by the magnetic field generated by the magnet assembly. Such a system therefore provides a motor force having a good linearity throughout the race between the open and closed positions, for a magnetic flux and a given coil current.
Inversement, ce système ne permet pas de fournir un effort moteur supplémentaire important au voisinage de la position fermée pour garantir une bonne pression de contact des contacts mobiles sur les contacts fixes de l'appareil interrupteur. Il faut alors augmenter fortement le courant bobine en position fermée, entraînant une consommation électrique importante ainsi que d'éventuels problèmes thermiques.Conversely, this system does not provide a significant additional motor force near the closed position to ensure a good contact pressure of the movable contacts on the fixed contacts of the switch device. It is then necessary to greatly increase the coil current in the closed position, resulting in a significant electrical consumption as well as possible thermal problems.
Il existe déjà des actionneurs hybrides qui combinent les avantages d'un système réluctant et d'un système électrodynamique, de façon à ce que le profil de la courbe de l'effort moteur de l'actionneur soit plus adapté au profil de la courbe d'effort résistant des contacts mobiles dans un appareil de type contacteur. Par exemple, le document EP1655755 décrit un tel actionneur électromagnétique hybride fonctionnant soit en mode réluctant, soit en mode électrodynamique, en fonction de la position de la partie mobile de l'actionneur. Dans cet actionneur, le système électrodynamique fournit principalement l'effort moteur nécessaire pendant la course d'approche des contacts mobiles et le système réluctant fournit principalement l'effort moteur supplémentaire nécessaire en fin de course de fermeture pour plaquer et maintenir efficacement les contacts mobiles contre les contacts fixes. Néanmoins, le pilotage précis d'un tel actionneur peut être difficile, en particulier durant le mouvement d'ouverture des contacts.Hybrid actuators already exist which combine the advantages of a reluctant system and an electrodynamic system, so that the profile of the curve of the motor force of the actuator is more adapted to the profile of the curve. resistant force of the moving contacts in a contactor type device. For example, document EP1655755 describes such a hybrid electromagnetic actuator operating either in reluctant mode or in electrodynamic mode, depending on the position of the movable part of the actuator. In this actuator, the electrodynamic system mainly provides the necessary motor force during the approach stroke of the moving contacts and the reluctant system mainly provides the additional motor force required at the end of the closing stroke to effectively press and hold the moving contacts against fixed contacts. Nevertheless, the precise control of such an actuator can be difficult, especially during the opening movement of the contacts.
On souhaite donc désormais assurer un pilotage plus précis de la position des contacts mobiles d'un appareil interrupteur et de leur dynamique de déplacement (en pilotant la vitesse et l'effort de déplacement de la partie mobile de l'actionneur lié aux contacts mobiles). Ceci permettrait notamment d'améliorer la consommation électrique et la fiabilité, d'accroître les performances, de synchroniser les mouvements avec les courants/tensions circulant dans les pôles de l'appareil (par exemple commutation au zéro de courant/tension). On souhaite également que la bobine d'excitation soit fixe pour simplifier son raccordement électrique et améliorer sensiblement sa fiabilité dans le temps en évitant l'usure due à des raccordements mobiles.It is therefore now desired to provide a more precise control of the position of the moving contacts of a switch device and of their movement dynamics (by controlling the speed and the displacement force of the moving part of the actuator connected to the moving contacts). . This would notably improve power consumption and reliability, increase performance, synchronize movements with currents / voltages flowing in the poles of the device (eg switching to zero current / voltage). It is also desired that the excitation coil is fixed to simplify its electrical connection and significantly improve its reliability over time by avoiding wear due to mobile connections.
Un but de l'invention est donc de concevoir un actionneur simple et robuste d'un appareil électrique interrupteur qui permette un pilotage plus précis de la partie mobile, aussi bien lors de la fermeture des contacts que lors de l'ouverture des contacts.An object of the invention is therefore to design a simple and robust actuator of a switch electrical device that allows a more precise control of the movable part, both during the closure of the contacts that when opening the contacts.
Pour cela, l'invention propose un actionneur électromécanique hybride qui possède d'une part un fonctionnement de type actionneur électrodynamique à aimant mobile dans une première position (appelée position ouverte) et d'autre part un fonctionnement mixte de type actionneur électrodynamique à aimant mobile et actionneur réluctant polarisé dans une seconde position (appelée position fermée).For this purpose, the invention proposes a hybrid electromechanical actuator which has, on the one hand, an electrodynamic actuator type operation with a moving magnet in a first position (called an open position) and, on the other hand, a mixed operation of electrodynamic actuator type with a moving magnet. and reluctant actuator biased in a second position (called closed position).
L'invention décrit un actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil électrique interrupteur comprenant un circuit magnétique comportant une culasse fixe et un noyau central qui est mobile entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, le noyau mobile présentant avec la culasse fixe un entrefer magnétique dont la valeur est maximale en position ouverte et est minimale en position fermée, une bobine d'excitation fixe susceptible d'être traversée par un courant électrique de commande et un ensemble aimanté mobile solidaire du noyau mobile. L'ensemble aimanté est positionné entre la bobine et le noyau mobile dans la position ouverte et est positionné en partie entre la bobine et le noyau mobile et en partie entre le noyau mobile et une paroi de la culasse fixe dans la position fermée, de façon à ce qu'une partie du flux magnétique de l'actionneur ne traverse pas la bobine. L'axe d'aimantation de l'ensemble aimanté est perpendiculaire à un axe de déplacement du noyau mobile.The invention describes an electromagnetic actuator for a switchgear comprising a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed yoke and a central core which is movable between an open position and a closed position, the movable core having with the yoke a fixed magnetic gap whose value is maximum in the open position and is minimal in the closed position, a fixed excitation coil capable of being traversed by an electric control current and a moving magnetic assembly secured to the movable core. The magnet assembly is positioned between the spool and the movable core in the open position and is positioned partially between the spool and the movable core and partly between the movable core and a wall of the fixed yoke in the closed position, so a part of the magnetic flux of the actuator does not cross the coil. The magnetization axis of the magnet assembly is perpendicular to an axis of displacement of the movable core.
Selon une caractéristique, la culasse fixe comporte une première partie latérale étroite qui est agencée pour être en regard d'une partie de l'ensemble aimanté dans la position fermée et une seconde partie latérale large qui est agencée pour loger la bobine. Selon une première variante, l'ensemble aimanté comprend deux aimants permanents fixés sur le noyau mobile symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe de déplacement du noyau mobile.According to one feature, the fixed yoke has a first narrow side portion which is arranged to face a portion of the magnet assembly in the closed position and a second wide side portion which is arranged to house the coil. According to a first variant, the magnet assembly comprises two permanent magnets fixed on the movable core symmetrically on either side of the axis of displacement of the movable core.
Selon une seconde variante, l'ensemble aimanté comprend deux sous- ensembles aimantés fixés sur le noyau mobile symétriquement de part et d'autre d'un axe de déplacement du noyau mobile, chaque sous-ensemble aimanté comportant deux aimants permanents distincts dont les axes d'aimantation sont opposés l'un par rapport à l'autre.According to a second variant, the magnet assembly comprises two magnetic subassemblies fixed on the movable core symmetrically on either side of an axis of displacement of the mobile core, each magnetic subassembly comprising two distinct permanent magnets whose axes magnetization are opposite each other.
Un tel actionneur électromagnétique combine donc les avantages d'un système réluctant et d'un système électrodynamique, de façon à mieux adapter le profil de la courbe de l'effort moteur de l'actionneur au profil de la courbe d'effort résistant. L'architecture de l'actionneur permet de mieux commander et contrôler la vitesse de la partie mobile et les forces soumises à la partie mobile, dans les deux directions de déplacement, ainsi que d'optimiser sa consommation électrique.Such an electromagnetic actuator thus combines the advantages of a reluctant system and an electrodynamic system, so as to better adapt the profile of the curve of the motor force of the actuator to the profile of the resistant stress curve. The architecture of the actuator makes it possible to better control and control the speed of the moving part and the forces subjected to the moving part, in both directions of movement, as well as to optimize its electrical consumption.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit en se référant à un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté par les dessins annexés sur lesquels : la figure 1 montre une vue en coupe simplifiée d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un actionneur hybride conforme à l'invention, en position ouverte, la figure 2 représente l'actionneur de la figure 1 en position fermée, la figure 3 montre une vue en coupe simplifiée d'un second mode de réalisation d'un actionneur hybride conforme à l'invention, en position ouverte, la figure 4 représente l'actionneur de la figure 3 en position fermée.Other features and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows with reference to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the appended drawings in which: FIG. 1 shows a simplified sectional view of a first embodiment of a hybrid actuator according to the invention, in the open position, Figure 2 shows the actuator of Figure 1 in the closed position, Figure 3 shows a simplified sectional view of a second embodiment of the invention. A hybrid actuator according to the invention, in the open position, Figure 4 shows the actuator of Figure 3 in the closed position.
Un appareil électrique interrupteur de type contacteur, contacteur-disjoncteur ou relais comporte des contacts fixes qui coopèrent avec des contacts mobiles dans le but de commuter le passage d'un courant de puissance alimentant dans une charge électrique. L'appareil est de type monopolaire ou multipolaire et comprend, pour un ou plusieurs pôles, un actionneur électromagnétique tel que décrit dans l'invention. La partie mobile de l'actionneur est mécaniquement lié aux contacts mobiles de l'appareil interrupteur, de telle sorte qu'en position fermée les contacts mobiles sont plaqués contre les contacts fixes autorisant la circulation du courant de puissance, et en position ouverte les contacts mobiles sont séparés des contacts fixes interdisant la circulation du courant de puissance. Les figures 1 et 2 montrent un actionneur électromagnétique qui comporte un circuit magnétique réalisé en matériau ferromagnétique et présentant une culasse fixe 10 et une partie mobile. La partie mobile comporte un noyau central 20 de type noyau plongeur. Ce noyau 20 est mobile suivant un axe de déplacement longitudinal X entre une première position ouverte (repos) et une seconde position fermée (travail). La partie mobile du circuit magnétique peut évidemment comporter aussi des éléments classiques supplémentaires permettant par exemple d'optimiser la taille et la forme des entrefers ou d'entraîner mécaniquement les contacts mobiles de l'appareil interrupteur. Ces éléments ne sont pas représentés sur les figures par souci de simplification.A switch-type electrical apparatus, contactor-circuit breaker or relay comprises fixed contacts which cooperate with movable contacts in order to switch the passage of a power current supplying an electric load. The apparatus is of the monopolar or multipole type and comprises, for one or more poles, an electromagnetic actuator as described in the invention. The movable part of the actuator is mechanically connected to the moving contacts of the switch device, so that in the closed position the movable contacts are pressed against the fixed contacts allowing the flow of the power current, and in the open position the contacts movable are separated from the fixed contacts prohibiting the circulation of the power current. Figures 1 and 2 show an electromagnetic actuator which comprises a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material and having a fixed yoke 10 and a movable part. The moving part comprises a central core 20 of the plunger type. This core 20 is movable along a longitudinal displacement axis X between a first open position (rest) and a second closed position (work). The mobile part of the magnetic circuit can obviously also include additional conventional elements allowing for example to optimize the size and shape of air gaps or to mechanically drive the moving contacts of the switch device. These elements are not shown in the figures for the sake of simplification.
Dans le mode de réalisation présenté, la culasse fixe 10 présente une base 14 et une partie haute 13 qui sont sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe X. Entre la base 14 et la partie haute 13, la culasse comporte une partie latérale sensiblement parallèle à l'axe X, située de part et d'autre de l'axe X et composée d'une première paroi latérale étroite 1 1 prolongée par une seconde paroi latérale large 12. La partie haute 13 comporte une ouverture centrale pour laisser passer le noyau mobile 20. L'ensemble de la culasse 10 peut être symétrique par rapport à l'axe X.In the embodiment shown, the fixed yoke 10 has a base 14 and an upper part 13 which are substantially perpendicular to the axis X. Between the base 14 and the upper part 13, the yoke has a lateral portion substantially parallel to the axis. X axis, located on both sides of the X axis and composed of a first narrow side wall 1 1 extended by a second wide side wall 12. The upper part 13 has a central opening to let the mobile core 20. The assembly of the yoke 10 may be symmetrical about the X axis.
Le circuit magnétique présente un entrefer magnétique E qui est formé d'une part par un premier espace entre le noyau mobile 20 et la partie haute 13 de la culasse fixe 10 et d'autre part par un second espace entre le noyau mobile 20 et la base 14 de la culasse fixe 10. Par construction, le premier espace reste sensiblement constant durant le mouvement du noyau mobile 20 alors que le second espace varie en fonction du déplacement du noyau mobile 20, le noyau mobile 20 étant au plus près de la base 14 dans la position fermée (voir figures 1 & 2). L'entrefer E a donc une valeur minimale en position fermée et une valeur maximale en position ouverte.The magnetic circuit has a magnetic gap E which is formed on the one hand by a first space between the movable core 20 and the upper part 13 of the fixed yoke 10 and on the other hand by a second space between the mobile core 20 and the base 14 of the fixed yoke 10. By construction, the first space remains substantially constant during the movement of the movable core 20 while the second space varies as a function of the displacement of the mobile core 20, the mobile core 20 being closer to the base 14 in the closed position (see Figures 1 & 2). The air gap E therefore has a minimum value in the closed position and a maximum value in the open position.
L'actionneur comporte également une bobine d'excitation 30 fixe qui est susceptible d'être traversée par un courant électrique de commande dans le but de piloter le déplacement ou le maintien du noyau mobile 20. L'appareil interrupteur possède des moyens électroniques de commande qui sont capables de faire circuler le courant de commande bobine dans un sens ou dans l'autre, dans le but de piloter précisément l'actionneur. Avantageusement, la bobine 30 de l'actionneur est donc fixe ce qui simplifie son raccordement électrique aux moyens électroniques de commande chargés de faire circuler le courant de commande dans la bobine.The actuator also comprises a fixed excitation coil 30 which can be traversed by an electric control current in order to control the movement or the retention of the mobile core 20. The switch device has electronic control means which are able to circulate the coil control current in one direction or the other, for the purpose of precisely controlling the actuator. Advantageously, the coil 30 of the actuator is fixed thus simplifying its electrical connection to the electronic control means responsible for circulating the control current in the coil.
Dans les exemples de réalisation présentés, la bobine 30 est logée à l'intérieur de la paroi latérale large 12 de la culasse fixe 10 symétriquement par rapport à l'axe X. La bobine 30 possède une face interne 31 dirigée vers le noyau mobile 20 et une face externe opposée qui est fixée contre la paroi latérale large 12.In the exemplary embodiments presented, the coil 30 is housed inside the wide lateral wall 12 of the fixed yoke 10 symmetrically with respect to the X axis. coil 30 has an inner face 31 directed towards the movable core 20 and an opposite outer face which is fixed against the wide side wall 12.
Selon un plan orthogonal à l'axe de déplacement X, la culasse fixe 10, le noyau mobile 20 et la bobine 30 présentent indifféremment une section transversale de forme carrée, rectangulaire ou arrondie.In a plane orthogonal to the axis of displacement X, the fixed yoke 10, the movable core 20 and the coil 30 have either a cross section of square, rectangular or rounded.
L'actionneur comporte également un ensemble aimanté mobile qui est solidaire du noyau mobile 20. En référence au premier exemple de réalisation des figures 1 & 2, l'ensemble aimanté comprend deux aimants permanents 40, respectivement 41 , fixés contre le noyau mobile 20 de façon symétrique par rapport à l'axe de déplacement X. Les axes d'aimantation des aimants 40,41 sont perpendiculaires et symétriques par rapport à l'axe X et sont dirigés indifféremment soit à l'opposé de l'axe X (comme indiqué sur les figures 1 & 2), soit vers l'axe X.The actuator also comprises a movable magnet assembly which is integral with the movable core 20. With reference to the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 & 2, the magnet assembly comprises two permanent magnets 40, 41 respectively, fixed against the movable core 20 of symmetrically with respect to the axis of displacement X. The magnetization axes of the magnets 40, 41 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the axis X and are indifferently directed either opposite to the axis X (as indicated in Figures 1 & 2), or to the X axis.
En référence au second exemple de réalisation des figures 3 & 4, l'ensemble aimanté comprend deux sous-ensembles aimantés 42,43, respectivement 44,45, fixés contre le noyau mobile 20 de façon symétrique par rapport à l'axe de déplacement X. Chaque sous-ensemble aimanté est composé de deux aimants permanents distincts. Les axes d'aimantation des aimants 42,43,44,45, sont perpendiculaires et symétriques par rapport à l'axe X. Les axes d'aimantation des deux aimants d'un même sous-ensemble aimanté sont opposés l'un par rapport à l'autre. Ainsi, l'axe d'aimantation de l'aimant 42 est opposé à celui de l'aimant 43 et l'axe d'aimantation de l'aimant 44 est opposé à celui de l'aimant 45.Referring to the second embodiment of Figures 3 & 4, the magnet assembly comprises two magnetic subassemblies 42,43, respectively 44,45, fixed against the movable core 20 symmetrically with respect to the axis of displacement X Each magnetic subassembly is composed of two separate permanent magnets. The magnetization axes of the magnets 42, 43, 44, 45 are perpendicular and symmetrical with respect to the axis X. The magnetization axes of the two magnets of the same magnetic subassembly are opposite one another. to the other. Thus, the magnetization axis of the magnet 42 is opposite that of the magnet 43 and the magnetization axis of the magnet 44 is opposite that of the magnet 45.
Par ailleurs, les applications de type relais, contacteur ou contacteur-disjoncteur peuvent imposer qu'en l'absence de courant circulant dans la bobine, la partie mobile du circuit magnétique soit en position ouverte, pour des raisons de sécurité (séparation des contacts fixes et mobiles). Donc, si par exemple l'appareil se trouve en position fermée sous l'action d'un courant circulant dans la bobine, alors la disparition de ce courant doit entraîner automatiquement le retour de la partie mobile du circuit magnétique vers la position ouverte. C'est pourquoi, l'actionneur comporte des moyens de rappel, habituellement sous la forme d'un ressort de rappel (non représenté sur les figures). Ce ressort de rappel doit générer une force de rappel Fs suffisante pour vaincre l'effort magnétique créé uniquement par l'ensemble aimanté et le circuit magnétique en position fermée en l'absence de courant circulant dans la bobine, permettant ainsi à l'actionneur de passer de la position fermée à la position ouverte.Furthermore, the applications of the relay, contactor or contactor-circuit breaker type can require that in the absence of current flowing in the coil, the moving part of the magnetic circuit is in the open position, for safety reasons (separation of the fixed contacts and mobile). Thus, if for example the apparatus is in the closed position under the action of a current flowing in the coil, then the disappearance of this current must automatically cause the return of the moving part of the magnetic circuit to the open position. This is why the actuator comprises return means, usually in the form of a return spring (not shown in the figures). This return spring must generate a restoring force F s sufficient to overcome the magnetic force created solely by the magnet assembly and the magnetic circuit in position. closed in the absence of current flowing in the coil, thereby allowing the actuator to move from the closed position to the open position.
Dans la position ouverte, l'actionneur est agencé pour que l'ensemble aimanté 40,41 ,42,43,44,45 soit entièrement positionné entre la bobine 30 et le noyau mobile 20. Tout l'ensemble aimanté 40,41 ,42,43,44,45 est donc positionné directement en vis-à-vis de la face interne 31 de la bobine 30. Ainsi, en position ouverte, l'actionneur fonctionne alors principalement comme un actionneur électrodynamique de type Moving Magnet lorsqu'un courant de commande circule dans la bobine 30, car une grande majorité des lignes de flux de l'actionneur traversent l'ensemble aimanté et la bobine 30.In the open position, the actuator is arranged so that the magnet assembly 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 is fully positioned between the coil 30 and the movable core 20. All the magnet assembly 40, 41, 42 Thus, 43,44,45 is positioned directly opposite the inner face 31 of the coil 30. Thus, in the open position, the actuator then operates mainly as an electrodynamic actuator of the Moving Magnet type when a current The control circuit circulates in the coil 30 because a large majority of the flux lines of the actuator pass through the magnet assembly and the coil 30.
Inversement, dans la position fermée, l'actionneur est agencé pour que l'ensemble aimanté 40,41 ,42,43,44,45 soit positionné partiellement entre la bobine 30 et le noyau mobile 20 et partiellement entre la paroi latérale étroite 1 1 de la culasse 10 et le noyau mobile 20. L'ensemble aimanté 40,41 ,42,43,44,45 est donc partiellement positionné directement en vis-à-vis de la paroi latérale 11 de la culasse 10.Conversely, in the closed position, the actuator is arranged so that the magnet assembly 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 is positioned partially between the coil 30 and the movable core 20 and partially between the narrow side wall 11. of the yoke 10 and the movable core 20. The magnet assembly 40,41, 42,43,44,45 is thus partially positioned directly opposite the side wall 11 of the yoke 10.
Cet agencement permet alors un fonctionnement mixte de l'actionneur en position fermée. En effet, l'actionneur est alors une combinaison d'un actionneur électrodynamique de type Moving Magnet car une partie des lignes de flux de l'actionneur traversent l'ensemble aimanté et la bobine 30, et d'un actionneur réluctant polarisé car une partie des lignes de flux de l'actionneur ne traversent plus la bobine 30 mais se reboucle en effet en prenant le chemin suivant (comme indiqué aux figures 2 & 4) : ensemble aimanté 40,41 ,43,45, paroi latérale 11 de la culasse, base 14 de la culasse, entrefer E, noyau mobile 20, ensemble aimanté 40,41 ,43,45.This arrangement then allows a mixed operation of the actuator in the closed position. Indeed, the actuator is then a combination of an electrodynamic actuator of the Moving Magnet type because part of the flow lines of the actuator pass through the magnet assembly and the coil 30, and a polarized reluctant actuator because a part flux lines of the actuator no longer cross the coil 30 but loops in effect by taking the following path (as shown in Figures 2 & 4): magnet assembly 40,41, 43,45, side wall 11 of the cylinder head , base 14 of the yoke, air gap E, movable core 20, magnet assembly 40,41, 43,45.
Ce fonctionnement mixte en position fermée permet d'assurer un effort important de maintien en position pour une faible consommation électrique grâce à la partie actionneur réluctant polarisé, tout en conservant une grande capacité de piloter rapidement le noyau mobile durant le mouvement d'ouverture grâce à la partie actionneur électrodynamique. De plus cette solution est très simple et économique car c'est directement la culasse fixe qui est utilisée pour reboucler une partie du flux de l'ensemble aimanté à travers la paroi latérale étroite 1 1 et la base 14, dans le fonctionnement actionneur réluctant polarisé.This mixed operation in the closed position makes it possible to ensure a significant effort of maintaining in position for a low power consumption thanks to the polarized reluctant actuator part, while maintaining a great capacity to rapidly control the mobile core during the opening movement thanks to the electrodynamic actuator part. Moreover, this solution is very simple and economical because it is directly the fixed yoke which is used to loop back part of the flow of the magnet assembly through the narrow side wall January 1 and the base 14, in the polarized operation reluctant actuator .
Le fonctionnement de l'actionneur est donc le suivant : En l'absence de courant de commande circulant dans la bobine, le noyau mobile 20 est positionné en position ouverte grâce au ressort de rappel.The operation of the actuator is therefore as follows: In the absence of control current flowing in the coil, the movable core 20 is positioned in open position by means of the return spring.
L'apparition d'un courant de commande dans la bobine (dans un sens approprié en fonction de l'orientation des axes d'aimantation), entraîne la création d'une force de Laplace FE qui tend à déplacer le noyau mobile 20 par rapport à la bobine 30 suivant l'axe X, vers la position fermée. Cette force est proportionnelle à l'intensité du courant circulant dans la bobine 30, au champ magnétique de l'ensemble aimanté et à la longueur de la bobine traversée perpendiculairement par le champ de l'aimant. Cette force est donc de forme linéaire en fonction de la course de l'actionneur et est donc facilement pilotable par les moyens de commande de l'appareil interrupteur, en faisant varier le courant de commande. Elle est de plus bidirectionnelle en inversant le sens du courant de commande.The appearance of a control current in the coil (in a suitable direction depending on the orientation of the magnetization axes), leads to the creation of a Laplace force F E which tends to move the mobile core 20 by relative to the coil 30 along the X axis, to the closed position. This force is proportional to the intensity of the current flowing in the coil 30, to the magnetic field of the magnet assembly and to the length of the coil traversed perpendicularly by the field of the magnet. This force is therefore of linear shape as a function of the stroke of the actuator and is therefore easily controllable by the control means of the switch device, by varying the control current. It is also bidirectional by reversing the direction of the control current.
A l'approche de la position fermée, une partie croissante de l'ensemble aimanté n'est plus situé en vis-à-vis de la face interne 31 de la bobine 30, mais est situé directement en vis-à-vis de la paroi latérale 1 1 de la culasse 10 pour former un actionneur réluctant polarisé. Une partie du flux magnétique de l'actionneur ne traverse alors plus la bobine 30, mais se reboucle directement entre l'ensemble aimanté, la culasse 10 et le noyau 20. Il se crée alors une force supplémentaire FR de type réluctant qui est inversement proportionnelle au carré de l'entrefer magnétique E. Cette force FR est donc maximale en position fermée et vient alors renforcer la force de Laplace FE, ce qui permet avantageusement de diminuer la consommation électrique de l'actionneur en diminuant le courant de commande circulant dans la bobine 30 jusqu'à une valeur appelée courant de maintien qui permet de maintenir le noyau mobile en position fermée.At the approach of the closed position, an increasing portion of the magnet assembly is no longer located opposite the inner face 31 of the coil 30, but is located directly opposite the side wall 1 1 of the cylinder head 10 to form a polarized reluctant actuator. A part of the magnetic flux of the actuator then no longer crosses the coil 30, but loops directly between the magnet assembly, the cylinder head 10 and the core 20. An additional reinforcement type force F R is then created which is inversely proportional to the square of the magnetic gap E. This force F R is therefore maximum in the closed position and then reinforces the force of Laplace F E , which advantageously reduces the power consumption of the actuator by reducing the control current circulating in the coil 30 to a value called holding current which keeps the movable core in the closed position.
Néanmoins, la force réluctante FR crée par l'ensemble aimanté doit rester légèrement inférieure à la force de rappel Fs créée par le ressort de rappel, pour que le noyau mobile 20 retourne en position ouverte dès la disparition du courant de commande de la bobine 20. Le courant de maintien en position fermée est donc calculé pour que la somme FR + FE - Fs permette de créer une pression suffisante sur les contacts mobiles de l'appareil interrupteur, pour une valeur de courant de puissance donnée dans les pôles de l'appareil.Nevertheless, the reluctant force F R created by the magnet assembly must remain slightly less than the restoring force F s created by the return spring, so that the movable core 20 returns to the open position as soon as the control current of the coil 20. The holding current in the closed position is calculated so that the sum F R + F E - F s allows to create sufficient pressure on the moving contacts of the switch device, for a power current value given in the poles of the device.
Pour démarrer le mouvement d'ouverture, il suffit de couper le courant de commande de la bobine 30, comme indiqué précédemment, ce qui ne permet cependant pas de pouvoir piloter ce mouvement d'ouverture de façon satisfaisante. C'est pourquoi, l'agencement mixte de l'actionneur en position fermée permet de piloter précisément le mouvement d'ouverture dès la séparation entre contacts fixes et contacts mobiles, en faisant varier la valeur et le sens du courant de commande. Par exemple, une impulsion inverse forte du courant de commande au démarrage permet d'accélérer l'ouverture des contacts et de diminuer ainsi les risques d'arc électrique. Cela peut aussi permettre de casser de faibles soudures entre contacts mobiles et fixes.To start the opening movement, it is sufficient to cut the control current of the coil 30, as indicated above, which however does not allow to control this opening movement satisfactorily. That is why, the mixed arrangement of the actuator in the closed position makes it possible to precisely control the opening movement upon separation between fixed contacts and moving contacts, varying the value and direction of the control current. For example, a strong reverse pulse of the control current at startup speeds up the opening of the contacts and thus reduce the risk of electric arc. It can also help break small welds between moving and stationary contacts.
Des ajustements concernant les formes, les dimensions et les positionnements de l'ensemble aimanté par rapport à la bobine permettent de régler précisément les proportions entre le fonctionnement réluctant et le fonctionnement électrodynamique de l'actionneur. Ces ajustements font partie des réglages qui doivent être adaptés en fonction des applications et des performances souhaitées de l'appareil électrique.Adjustments concerning the shapes, the dimensions and the positioning of the magnet assembly with respect to the coil make it possible to precisely adjust the proportions between the reluctant operation and the electrodynamic operation of the actuator. These adjustments are part of the adjustments that must be tailored to the desired applications and performance of the electrical appliance.
Dans le second exemple de réalisation, les axes d'aimantation des aimants 42,43 (respectivement 44,45) d'un même sous-ensemble sont opposés. Ainsi, en position ouverte, l'interaction entre le flux généré par la bobine et le flux des aimants entraîne un flux magnétique résultant qui traverse les deux aimants en série, de façon à accentuer la force résultante générée, comme représenté en figure 3.In the second exemplary embodiment, the magnetization axes of the magnets 42, 43 (respectively 44, 45) of the same subassembly are opposite. Thus, in the open position, the interaction between the flux generated by the coil and the flux of the magnets causes a resulting magnetic flux that passes through the two magnets in series, so as to accentuate the resulting force generated, as shown in FIG.
En position fermée, le fait d'avoir deux aimants distincts 42,43 (respectivement 44,45) pour chaque sous-ensemble permet de mieux différencier le fonctionnement mixte de l'actionneur. On peut ainsi envisager que le premier aimant 42, respectivement 44, d'un sous-ensemble reste principalement positionné entre la bobine 30 et le noyau mobile 20 pour créer l'effort électrodynamique, tandis que le deuxième aimant 43, respectivement 45, du sous-ensemble est principalement positionné entre la paroi latérale 11 de la culasse 10 et le noyau mobile 20 pour créer l'effort réluctant, comme représenté en figure 4.In the closed position, the fact of having two separate magnets 42,43 (respectively 44,45) for each subassembly makes it possible to better differentiate the mixed operation of the actuator. It can thus be envisaged that the first magnet 42, respectively 44, of a subassembly remains mainly positioned between the coil 30 and the mobile core 20 to create the electrodynamic force, while the second magnet 43, respectively 45, of the sub -ensemble is mainly positioned between the side wall 11 of the yoke 10 and the movable core 20 to create the reluctant force, as shown in Figure 4.
Il est bien entendu que l'on peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, imaginer d'autres variantes et perfectionnements de détail et de même envisager l'emploi de moyens équivalents. It is understood that one can, without departing from the scope of the invention, imagine other variants and refinements of detail and even consider the use of equivalent means.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Actionneur électromagnétique pour appareil électrique interrupteur comprenant :An electromagnetic actuator for electrical switch apparatus comprising:
- un circuit magnétique comportant une culasse fixe (10) et un noyau central (20) qui est mobile entre une position ouverte et une position fermée, le noyau mobile (20) présentant avec la culasse fixe (10) un entrefer magnétique (E) dont la valeur est maximale dans la position ouverte et est minimale dans la position fermée,- a magnetic circuit comprising a fixed yoke (10) and a central core (20) which is movable between an open position and a closed position, the movable core (20) having with the fixed yoke (10) a magnetic gap (E) whose value is maximum in the open position and is minimal in the closed position,
- une bobine d'excitation (30) fixe susceptible d'être traversée par un courant électrique de commande,a fixed excitation coil (30) able to be traversed by an electric control current,
- un ensemble aimanté (40,41 ,42,43,44,45) mobile solidaire du noyau mobile (20), caractérisé en ce que l'axe d'aimantation de l'ensemble aimanté est perpendiculaire à un axe de déplacement (X) du noyau mobile (20) et en ce que l'ensemble aimanté est positionné entre la bobine (30) et le noyau mobile (20) dans la position ouverte et est positionné en partie entre la bobine (30) et le noyau mobile (20) et en partie entre le noyau mobile (20) et une paroi (1 1 ) de la culasse fixe (10) dans la position fermée, de façon à ce qu'une partie du flux magnétique de l'actionneur ne traverse pas la bobine (30).- A movable assembly (40,41, 42,43,44,45) movable integral with the movable core (20), characterized in that the magnetization axis of the magnet assembly is perpendicular to an axis of displacement (X ) of the movable core (20) and in that the magnet assembly is positioned between the coil (30) and the movable core (20) in the open position and is positioned partially between the coil (30) and the movable core ( 20) and in part between the movable core (20) and a wall (1 1) of the fixed yoke (10) in the closed position, so that a part of the magnetic flux of the actuator does not pass through the coil (30).
2. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que la culasse fixe (10) comporte une première partie latérale étroite (1 1 ) agencée pour être en regard d'une partie de l'ensemble aimanté (40,41 ,43,45) dans la position fermée et une seconde partie latérale large (12) agencée pour loger la bobine (30).2. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed yoke (10) has a first narrow lateral part (1 1) arranged to be opposite a part of the magnet assembly (40, 41, 43, 45) in the closed position and a second wide side portion (12) arranged to house the spool (30).
3. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble aimanté comprend deux aimants permanents (40,41 ) fixés sur le noyau mobile (20) symétriquement de part et d'autre de l'axe de déplacement (X) du noyau mobile (20).3. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet assembly comprises two permanent magnets (40,41) fixed on the movable core (20) symmetrically on either side of the axis of displacement (X) mobile core (20).
4. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les axes d'aimantation des deux aimants permanents (40,41 ) sont opposés l'un par rapport à l'autre.4. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the magnetization axes of the two permanent magnets (40,41) are opposite to each other.
5. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble aimanté comprend deux sous-ensembles aimantés fixés sur le noyau mobile symétriquement de part et d'autre d'un axe de déplacement (X) du noyau mobile (20), chaque sous-ensemble aimanté comportant deux aimants permanents distincts (42,43,44,45) dont les axes d'aimantation sont opposés l'un par rapport à l'autre.5. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the magnet assembly comprises two magnetic subassemblies fixed on the core. symmetrically movable on either side of an axis of displacement (X) of the movable core (20), each magnetic subassembly comprising two distinct permanent magnets (42,43,44,45) whose magnetization axes are opposed to each other.
6. Actionneur électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que l'actionneur comporte également des moyens de rappel susceptibles de déplacer le noyau mobile (20) de la position fermée vers la position ouverte, en l'absence de courant de commande circulant dans la bobine (30).6. Electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator also comprises biasing means capable of moving the movable core (20) from the closed position to the open position, in the absence of control current flowing in. the coil (30).
7. Appareil électrique interrupteur comportant des contacts fixes coopérant avec des contacts mobiles pour commuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins un actionneur électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le noyau mobile de l'actionneur étant mécaniquement lié aux contacts mobiles.7. Electrical switch apparatus having fixed contacts cooperating with movable contacts to switch the supply of an electric charge, characterized in that it comprises at least one electromagnetic actuator according to one of the preceding claims, the movable core of the actuator being mechanically connected to the movable contacts.
8. Appareil électrique interrupteur selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'appareil comprend des moyens électroniques de commande pour piloter le courant électrique de commande de la bobine. 8. Electrical switch apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the apparatus comprises electronic control means for controlling the electrical current control of the coil.
PCT/EP2009/058551 2008-08-11 2009-07-07 Hybrid electromagnetic actuator with fixed coil WO2010018030A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0804551A FR2934923B1 (en) 2008-08-11 2008-08-11 HYBRID ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH FIXED COIL
FR0804551 2008-08-11

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CN113035493A (en) * 2015-05-11 2021-06-25 株式会社荏原制作所 Electromagnet control device and electromagnet system

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CN105659481B (en) * 2013-10-23 2020-02-11 雷福尔公司 Electromechanical actuator
US10522313B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2019-12-31 Rhefor Gbr Reversing linear solenoid

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FR2934923B1 (en) 2013-05-31

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