EP3018690B1 - Electromagnetic actuator and electric contactor including such an actuator - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator and electric contactor including such an actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3018690B1
EP3018690B1 EP15192863.7A EP15192863A EP3018690B1 EP 3018690 B1 EP3018690 B1 EP 3018690B1 EP 15192863 A EP15192863 A EP 15192863A EP 3018690 B1 EP3018690 B1 EP 3018690B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuator
flux
magnet
coil
gap
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EP15192863.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3018690A1 (en
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Rémy Orban
Douglas MARTINS ARAUJO
Stéphane FOLLIC
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/14—Pivoting armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/18—Movable parts of magnetic circuits, e.g. armature
    • H01H50/24—Parts rotatable or rockable outside coil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for an electric contactor, and an electric contactor comprising such an electromagnetic actuator.
  • a synchronous switching of the actuator is interesting because it makes it possible to reduce the stresses on a load, connected to the contactor, and also on the distribution networks, to which are connected contactors for charging loads. Synchronous switching is also interesting to reduce the stress on the electrical contacts of the contactor and thus reduce the wear thereof. For synchronous switching, it is necessary to have a stable switching time in order to know precisely the instant of switching.
  • the magnetic field of a coil is used to control the switching of the actuator between a closed position and an open position.
  • the switching times are highly dependent on the mechanical stress associated with the generated field which is itself a function of the supply voltage and the temperature of the coil. It is known, in order to have stable switching times, to use a control electronics with a regulator to control the supply current of the coil. This generates additional costs and increases the size of the actuator
  • the document FR-A-2 793 944 discloses an actuator comprising a frame mechanically connected to an actuating rod, movable in rotation between two stops, which is held in a rest position by two permanent magnets.
  • the actuator also comprises two electromagnetic coils whose magnetic field generated is likely to oppose the force of the magnets so as to cause the armature towards one of its two active positions, the actuator being a so-called bistable actuator.
  • the document FR-A-2,849,712 discloses an actuator with a magnetic core according to the preamble of claim 1 having a U-shaped section and a magnet movable in rotation with respect to the core.
  • the actuator has a main air gap of substantially constant width throughout the course of the magnet and two secondary air gaps of variable width according to said stroke.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a bistable electromagnetic actuator for which the switching times vary very little, that is to say of the order of one millisecond, from one switching to the next.
  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for an electric contactor according to claim 1, the actuator comprising a magnetic core having first and second abutment surfaces, two lateral branches, each lateral branch having a first end and a second end. end, the first ends being interconnected by a central branch.
  • the actuator also comprises an electromagnetic coil wound around the central branch of the core and capable of generating a magnetic flux, called coil flux, through the core.
  • the actuator comprises a magnetized member comprising a permanent magnet and at least one metal part, the magnetized member being able to generate a magnetic flux, called a magnet flux, and comprising first and second contact surfaces, the magnet being movable relative to the core between a first position in which the first contact surface bears against the first abutment surface and a second position in which the second contact surface abuts against the second abutment surface, the spacing between the first contact surface and the first abutment surface forming a first air gap and the spacing between the second contact surface and the second abutment surface forming a second air gap.
  • the magnet is configured to be in one of the first and second positions in the absence of coil flow. According to the invention, the magnet is separated, apart from the contact and abutment surfaces, from each lateral branch by a respective lateral spacing, each lateral spacing being able to deflect the magnet flux and the coil flow to a corresponding gap.
  • each lateral spacing deflects the magnet flux and the coil flow to a corresponding gap.
  • the coil flux is mainly used to direct the magnet flux to one of the two air gaps, while the magnet flux generates a holding force in the stable positions and a motor force for switching. Consequently, the motor forces and the holding forces are not very dependent on the coil flux, and are therefore not very sensitive to variations in a supply voltage of the coil and / or the temperature of the coil.
  • the actuator according to the invention then makes it possible to avoid excessive variations in switching times from one switching to the next, which facilitates synchronous switching as described above.
  • the invention also relates to an electric contactor comprising first and second fixed contact members, a movable contact member and an electromagnetic actuator for controlling a displacement of the movable contact member between a first position where the movable member is bearing against the first fixed member and a second position where the movable member bears against the second fixed member, wherein the actuator is as defined above.
  • the electric contactor 2 represented in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a base plate 21 on which are mounted an actuator 3, a movable contact member 22 and a fixed contact member 24.
  • the fixed member 24 comprises a fixed contact 244, also called fixed chip.
  • the movable member 22 is rotatable about an axis X22, and is connected to the base plate 21 by a hinge 222 for rotation about the axis X22.
  • the movable member 22 is a deformable blade which is wedged at one end in the base 21.
  • the movable member 22 is also provided with a movable contact 224, also called mobile chip, and is extended on the opposite side to the articulation 222 by a trigger 226.
  • the member 22 is rotatable about the axis X22 between a first configuration of the contactor where the movable contact 224 is spaced from the fixed contact 244 and a second configuration of the contactor where the movable contact 224 bears against the fixed contact 244.
  • the actuator 3 comprises a magnetic core 4 which comprises a first 42A and a second 42B lateral branches and a central branch 44.
  • the first lateral branch 42A is provided with a first end 420A and a second end 421A
  • the second Lateral branch 42B is also provided with a first end 420B and a second end 421B.
  • the first ends 420A and 420B are interconnected by the central branch 44, while the second ends 421A and 421B each comprise a first abutment surface 422A and second abutment surface 422B.
  • the magnetic core 4 is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry P4, this plane of symmetry being substantially perpendicular to the central branch 44.
  • the lateral branches 42A and 42B each further comprise a projection 424A and a projection 424B, the projections each extending from a corresponding branch to the other branch and substantially parallel to the central branch 44.
  • the protrusions 424A and 424B are disposed on either side of the plane of symmetry P4.
  • a spacing 36 is defined between the protrusions 424A and 424B.
  • the actuator 3 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 6 which is wound around the central branch 44 of the core 4, the coil 6 being able to generate a magnetic flux FM6 ( Figures 5 and 8 ), also called coil flow, through the core 4.
  • FM6 Magnetic flux 6
  • the actuator 3 also comprises a magnetized member 8 which comprises a permanent magnet 80 and metal parts 81 on either side of the permanent magnet 80.
  • the magnetic member 8 is able to generate a magnetic flux FM8 ( Figures 4 to 9 ), also called magnet flux, and which has first and second contact surfaces 802A and 802B.
  • the magnetic member 8 is movable with respect to the magnetic core 4 between a first position in which the first contact surface 802A bears against the first abutment surface 422A and a second position in which the second contact surface 802B is in abutment against the second abutment surface 422B.
  • the magnetic member 8 is rotatable relative to the magnetic core 4 along a longitudinal axis X8.
  • a spacing 32A is present between the first abutment surface 422A and the first contact surface 802A when the magnet member 8 is not in its first position.
  • a spacing 32B is also present between the second abutment surface 422B and the second contact surface 802B when the magnet member 8 is not in its second position.
  • Each spacing 32A, 32B is preferably filled with air, and then corresponds to a volume of air.
  • the magnet member is separated from the first lateral branch 42A, outside the first contact surfaces 802A and abutment 422A, by a first lateral spacing 34A.
  • the magnet member is also separated from the second lateral branch 42B, outside the second contact surfaces 802B and abutment 422B, by a second lateral spacing 34B.
  • Each lateral spacing 34A, 34B is preferably filled with air, and then corresponds to a volume of air.
  • the magnetic core 4 then forms a magnetic circuit for the FM6 coil flux and the FM8 magnet flux.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is able to pass through the spacings 32A and 32B, the spacing 32A forming a first gap E1 and the spacing 32B forming a second gap E2 for the magnetic circuit.
  • the gap E1 has a reluctance R32A
  • the gap E2 has a reluctance R32B
  • the gap 34A has a reluctance R34A
  • the gap 34B has a reluctance R34B.
  • the gaps E1 and E2 are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry P4.
  • d32A denotes the length of the spacing 32A in a direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4 and d32B the length of the spacing 32B in this direction.
  • d34A also denotes the length of the lateral spacing 34A and d34b the length of the lateral spacing 34B along the same direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4.
  • the stream FM6 coil is adapted to pass through the spacing 36, for example filled with air, this spacing defining a third gap E3.
  • the air gap E3 has a reluctance R36.
  • the air gap E3 advantageously makes it possible to adjust the FM8 coil flux required to switch the actuator 3.
  • the magnet 80 comprises a stack of layers of magnetic material.
  • the magnet 80 is for example constituted by the stack of layers of magnetic material.
  • the 82 is a core of the magnetized member 8, also called the central core, that is to say the portion of the magnetized member 8 which remains surrounded by the lateral branches 42A and 42B and the central branch 44.
  • a finger 84 of the magnetized member 8 which extends the core 82 in the plane P4 in the opposite direction to the electromagnetic coil 6.
  • the finger 84 comes from material with the heart 82 of the magnetized member 8. According to the plan of symmetry P4, the finger 84 has a width less than that of the core 82.
  • the magnetized member 8 has, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4, a generally rectangular-shaped section.
  • the magnetized member has, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4, a generally cross-shaped section, that is to say, the contact surfaces 802A and 802B are formed respectively on projections 86A and 86B at level of the core 82 of the element 8.
  • the projections 86A and 86B extend on either side of the central core 82, preferably substantially perpendicular to the central core 82.
  • the electric switch 2 is also provided with a member 26 for transmitting force between the actuator 3 and the movable member 22.
  • the transmission member 26 comprises a first housing 262, which is intended to receive the finger 84, and a second housing 264 for receiving the trigger 226 of the movable member 22.
  • the first housing 262 is for example dimensioned in a manner adjusted with respect to the finger 84, so that the magnetic member 8 is secured to the transmission member 26.
  • a spring 266 is disposed between a first side surface 2640 of the second housing 264 and a side surface 2260 of the trigger 226, the spring 266 working in translation and opposing the movement of the trigger 226 in the second housing 264, the trigger being then bearing against a second side surface 2642 of the second housing 264.
  • the force transmission member 26 is configured to transmit the movement of the magnetized member 8 to the movable member 22, which is then adapted to start in rotation about the axis X22 and via the hinge 222 between its first and second positions.
  • the actuator 3 of the electric switch 2 is therefore able to cause the movable member 22 to move between the first configuration where the movable contact 224 is moved away from the fixed contact 244 and the second configuration where the movable contact 224 bears against the fixed contact 244.
  • the first configuration which is represented at figure 2 , corresponds to the open configuration of the electric contactor 2.
  • the second configuration which is represented in FIG. figure 3 , corresponds to the closed configuration of the electric switch 2.
  • the magnet member 8 In the open configuration of the electric contactor 2, shown in the Figures 4 and 7 the magnet member 8 is in its first position, that is, the contact surface 802A of the magnet member bears against the abutment surface 422A, the first spacing 32A and the first air gap E1 being then void.
  • the reluctance R32A is then negligible in comparison with the reluctance R32B and the magnet flux FM8 is able to pass through the first contact surfaces 802A and abutment 422A which bear against each other.
  • the magnet flux FM8 then generates a magnetic force which keeps the magnetized member 8 in its first position, which corresponds to the open configuration of the electric contactor 2.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is suitable to generate a force for maintaining the magnetized member 8 in this first position which is then a stable position.
  • the FM6 coil flux When the coil 6 is electrically powered, the FM6 coil flux is generated through the core 4 in a clockwise direction, the FM6 coil flux passing through the third gap E3, as shown in FIGS. Figures 5 and 8 . Depending on the intensity of the current that supplies the coil 6, the FM6 coil flux has different values.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is slightly deflected, that is to say the magnet flux FM8 is separated into two magnet fluxes FM8A and FM8B, a first magnet flux FM8A flowing through the first air gap E1 and a second stream FM8B magnet flowing through the second gap E2.
  • the intensity of the second magnet flux FM8B is directly proportional to the flux flux FM6.
  • the second magnet flux FM8B remains, for example, less than the first magnet flux FM8A as long as the FM6 coil flux is less than 25% of its maximum value.
  • the second magnet flux FM8B is smaller than the first magnet flux FM8A, the magnetized member 8 remains in its first position.
  • the maintenance effort generated by the first magnet flux FM8A is in fact greater than a so-called motor force generated by the second magnet flux FM8B.
  • the magnet flux FM8B becomes greater than the first flux magnet FM8A and the motor force becomes greater than the holding force .
  • the magnet flux FM8, deflected by the coil flux FM6, is able to generate a motor force which is able to move the magnetized member 8 from one of its positions to the other.
  • the magnetized member 8 is rotated about its axis X8; that is, the magnet 8 moves from the first position to the second position, the first contact surface 802A moving away from the first abutment surface 422A, the first spacing 32A reforming between these two surfaces 802A, 422A.
  • the FM6 coil flux is configured to deflect the magnet flux FM8 and reduce the holding force of the magnet member in the first position.
  • the magnet flux FM8 flows through the first air gap E1 as long as the coil 6 is not electrically powered, the magnetized member 8 being in its first position, and then separates into two magnet fluxes FM8A and FM8B, the first FM8A flowing through the first air gap E1 and the second FM8B flowing through the second gap E2, and finally is reconstituted into a single flux FM8 which flows through the second gap E2 when the magnet 8 is in its second position .
  • This second position of the magnet 8 corresponds to the closed configuration of the electric contactor 2.
  • the magnetized member 8 When the magnetized member 8 is in its second position, it is no longer necessary to electrically supply the coil 6 as the magnetic member 8 must remain in this position.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is again able to generate a force for holding the magnetized member 8 in this second position, when the coil 6 is not electrically powered. Indeed, the disappearance of the FM6 coil flux no longer influences the magnet flux FM8 which then circulates only through the second gap E2 among the first and second air gaps E1, E2 and ensures the maintenance of this second position which corresponds to another stable position of the magnet 8.
  • the actuator 3 is thus a bistable actuator, that is to say an actuator having two stable positions.
  • the generated FM6 coil flux is chosen to be greater than or equal to the flux necessary to deflect the entire magnet flux FM8.
  • the magnet flux FM8 useful for the movement is constant, and the excess of FM6 coil flux flowing via the air gaps E1 and E2 does not generate any motor force.
  • the magnet flux FM8 is able to generate a magnetic force, motor or holding, on the magnetized member 8 while the FM6 coil flux is able to direct the magnet flux FM8 to one of the first and second air gaps E1, E2.
  • This deflection of the magnet flux FM8 without influence of the motor force is due to the presence of the lateral spacings 34A and 34B.
  • This aspect of the actuator then makes it possible to dispense with a specific control electronics to control the supply current of the coil. This leads to a reduction in costs and a reduction in the size of the system.
  • the first air gap reluctance R32A is preferably less than or equal to half of the first spacing reluctance R34A, and similarly the second air gap reluctance R32B is preferably less than or equal to half of the second heat recovery reluctance.
  • spacing R34B, the spacing reluctances R32A, R32B being more preferably strictly less than half of the corresponding spacing reluctances R34A, R34B.
  • Reluctance reluctances R32A, R32B generally have higher values than the other aforementioned reluctances of the magnetic circuit, so that the magnet flux FM8 is able to flow through the first E1 or second E2 air gaps while the coil flow FM6 is able to circulate through the third air gap E3.
  • the third air gap E3 makes it possible to delay the bell phenomenon, in other words magnetic loopback, previously described by limiting the level of magnetic induction in the first and second air gaps E1 and E2.
  • the section of the third gap E3 according to the plane P4 is preferably of area substantially equal to that of the section of the central branch 44 along this plane P4, in order to avoid premature saturation of the third gap E3.
  • the projections 424A and 424B are contiguous, that is to say they are in contact with each other, and the third gap E3 is not present.
  • the second ends 421A and 421B of the core 4 are further each provided with a spreader 426A and 426B which extends the core 4 and the spacings 32A and 32B.
  • expanders 426A and 426B further improves the operation of the actuator 3, in particular to ensure a better stability of the value of the switching time of the actuator 3.
  • the addition of the expander 426A and 426B makes it possible to ensure better circulation of the magnetic flux through the first and second air gaps E1, E2, and to limit leakage in the air in the vicinity of these first and second gaps E1, E2.

Description

La présente invention concerne un actionneur électromagnétique pour un contacteur électrique, ainsi qu'un contacteur électrique comprenant un tel actionneur électromagnétique.The present invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for an electric contactor, and an electric contactor comprising such an electromagnetic actuator.

Dans le domaine des réseaux de distribution, des contacteurs et des actionneurs électromécaniques, une commutation synchrone de l'actionneur est intéressante car elle permet de réduire les contraintes sur une charge, connectée au contacteur, et également sur les réseaux de distribution, auxquels sont reliés les contacteurs pour l'alimentation des charges. La commutation synchrone est également intéressante pour réduire les contraintes sur les contacts électriques du contacteur et ainsi réduire l'usure de ceux-ci. Pour la commutation synchrone, il est nécessaire d'avoir un temps de commutation stable afin de connaître précisément l'instant de commutation.In the field of distribution networks, contactors and electromechanical actuators, a synchronous switching of the actuator is interesting because it makes it possible to reduce the stresses on a load, connected to the contactor, and also on the distribution networks, to which are connected contactors for charging loads. Synchronous switching is also interesting to reduce the stress on the electrical contacts of the contactor and thus reduce the wear thereof. For synchronous switching, it is necessary to have a stable switching time in order to know precisely the instant of switching.

Pour les contacteurs électriques avec actionneur électromagnétique à aimant, le champ magnétique d'une bobine est utilisé pour piloter la commutation de l'actionneur entre une position de fermeture et une position d'ouverture. Les temps de commutation dépendent alors fortement de l'effort mécanique associé au champ généré qui est lui-même fonction de la tension d'alimentation et de la température de la bobine. Il est connu, afin d'avoir des temps de commutation stables, d'utiliser une électronique de commande avec un régulateur pour piloter le courant d'alimentation de la bobine. Cela engendre des coûts supplémentaires et augmente l'encombrement de l'actionneurFor electrical contactors with magnetic solenoid actuator, the magnetic field of a coil is used to control the switching of the actuator between a closed position and an open position. The switching times are highly dependent on the mechanical stress associated with the generated field which is itself a function of the supply voltage and the temperature of the coil. It is known, in order to have stable switching times, to use a control electronics with a regulator to control the supply current of the coil. This generates additional costs and increases the size of the actuator

Un autre inconvénient des actionneurs électromagnétiques à aimant connus est le phénomène de cloche, ou rebouclage magnétique, selon lequel, pour des valeurs élevées du champ magnétique, la force magnétomotrice produit un couple opposé à celui recherché.Another disadvantage of known magnet electromagnetic actuators is the bell phenomenon, or magnetic feedback, in which, for high values of the magnetic field, the magnetomotive force produces a torque opposite to that sought.

Le document FR-A-2 793 944 décrit un actionneur comprenant une armature reliée mécaniquement à une tige d'actionnement, mobile en rotation entre deux butées, qui est retenue dans une position de repos par deux aimants permanents. L'actionneur comprend également deux bobines électromagnétiques dont le champ magnétique généré est susceptible de s'opposer à la force des aimants de manière à entraîner l'armature vers l'une de ses deux positions actives, l'actionneur étant un actionneur dit bistable.The document FR-A-2 793 944 discloses an actuator comprising a frame mechanically connected to an actuating rod, movable in rotation between two stops, which is held in a rest position by two permanent magnets. The actuator also comprises two electromagnetic coils whose magnetic field generated is likely to oppose the force of the magnets so as to cause the armature towards one of its two active positions, the actuator being a so-called bistable actuator.

Il est également connu, par exemple du document FR-A-2 951 316 , d'utiliser une seule bobine et un seul aimant, l'aimant pivotant autour d'une extrémité d'une branche centrale d'une culasse magnétique et entre deux positions stables, dans lesquelles l'aimant est en contact avec deux extrémités de deux branches externes de la culasse, la culasse ayant une section en forme de E. La bobine est enroulée autour de la branche centrale de la culasse. Le flux généré par la bobine permet de déplacer l'aimant dans l'une des deux positions stables.It is also known, for example from the document FR-A-2 951 316 , using a single coil and a single magnet, the magnet swiveling around one end of a branch central of a magnetic yoke and between two stable positions, in which the magnet is in contact with two ends of two outer branches of the yoke, the yoke having an E-shaped section. The coil is wound around the central branch of the breech. The flux generated by the coil makes it possible to move the magnet in one of the two stable positions.

Le document FR-A-2 849 712 divulgue un actionneur avec un noyau magnétique selon le préambule de la revendication 1 ayant une section de forme de U et un aimant mobile en rotation par rapport au noyau. L'actionneur présente un entrefer principal de largeur sensiblement constante tout au long de la course de l'aimant et deux entrefers secondaires de largeur variable en fonction de ladite course.The document FR-A-2,849,712 discloses an actuator with a magnetic core according to the preamble of claim 1 having a U-shaped section and a magnet movable in rotation with respect to the core. The actuator has a main air gap of substantially constant width throughout the course of the magnet and two secondary air gaps of variable width according to said stroke.

Toutefois, ces différents des actionneurs de l'état de la technique présente des temps de commutation de valeur variable, et il est alors délicat d'anticiper la fermeture du contacteur pour minimiser les contraintes sur la charge.However, these different actuators of the state of the art has switching times of variable value, and it is then difficult to anticipate the closure of the contactor to minimize the constraints on the load.

Le but de l'invention est donc de proposer un actionneur électromagnétique bistable pour lequel les temps de commutation varient très peu, c'est-à-dire de l'ordre de la milliseconde, d'une commutation à la suivante.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a bistable electromagnetic actuator for which the switching times vary very little, that is to say of the order of one millisecond, from one switching to the next.

A cet effet, l'invention concerne un actionneur électromagnétique pour un contacteur électrique selon la revendication 1, l'actionneur comprenant un noyau magnétique comportant des première et deuxième surfaces de butée, deux branches latérales, chaque branche latérale comportant une première extrémité et une deuxième extrémité, les premières extrémités étant reliées entre elles par une branche centrale. L'actionneur comprend également une bobine électromagnétique enroulée autour de la branche centrale du noyau et apte à générer un flux magnétique, dit flux bobine, à travers le noyau. De plus, l'actionneur comprend un organe aimanté comportant un aimant permanent et au moins une partie métallique, l'organe aimanté étant apte à générer un flux magnétique, dit flux aimant, et comportant des première et deuxième surfaces de contact, l'aimant étant mobile par rapport au noyau entre une première position dans laquelle la première surface de contact est en appui contre la première surface de butée et une deuxième position dans laquelle la deuxième surface de contact est en appui contre la deuxième surface de butée, l'espacement entre la première surface de contact et la première surface de butée formant un premier entrefer et l'espacement entre la deuxième surface de contact et la deuxième surface de butée formant un deuxième entrefer. Enfin, l'aimant est configuré pour être dans l'une des première et deuxième positions en l'absence de flux bobine. Conformément à l'invention, l'aimant est séparé, en dehors des surfaces de contact et de butée, de chaque branche latérale par un écartement latéral respectif, chaque écartement latéral étant apte à dévier le flux aimant et le flux bobine vers un entrefer correspondant.For this purpose, the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator for an electric contactor according to claim 1, the actuator comprising a magnetic core having first and second abutment surfaces, two lateral branches, each lateral branch having a first end and a second end. end, the first ends being interconnected by a central branch. The actuator also comprises an electromagnetic coil wound around the central branch of the core and capable of generating a magnetic flux, called coil flux, through the core. In addition, the actuator comprises a magnetized member comprising a permanent magnet and at least one metal part, the magnetized member being able to generate a magnetic flux, called a magnet flux, and comprising first and second contact surfaces, the magnet being movable relative to the core between a first position in which the first contact surface bears against the first abutment surface and a second position in which the second contact surface abuts against the second abutment surface, the spacing between the first contact surface and the first abutment surface forming a first air gap and the spacing between the second contact surface and the second abutment surface forming a second air gap. Finally, the magnet is configured to be in one of the first and second positions in the absence of coil flow. According to the invention, the magnet is separated, apart from the contact and abutment surfaces, from each lateral branch by a respective lateral spacing, each lateral spacing being able to deflect the magnet flux and the coil flow to a corresponding gap.

Grâce à l'invention, chaque écartement latéral dévie le flux aimant et le flux bobine vers un entrefer correspondant. De plus, le flux bobine sert principalement à orienter le flux aimant vers l'un des deux entrefers, tandis que le flux aimant génère un effort de maintien dans les positions stables et un effort moteur pour la commutation. Par conséquent, les efforts moteurs et les efforts de maintien dépendent peu du flux bobine, et sont alors peu sensibles aux variations d'une tension d'alimentation de la bobine et/ou de la température de la bobine.Thanks to the invention, each lateral spacing deflects the magnet flux and the coil flow to a corresponding gap. In addition, the coil flux is mainly used to direct the magnet flux to one of the two air gaps, while the magnet flux generates a holding force in the stable positions and a motor force for switching. Consequently, the motor forces and the holding forces are not very dependent on the coil flux, and are therefore not very sensitive to variations in a supply voltage of the coil and / or the temperature of the coil.

L'actionneur selon l'invention permet alors d'éviter des variations trop importantes des temps de commutation d'une commutation à la suivante, ce qui facilite une commutation synchrone comme décrit précédemment.The actuator according to the invention then makes it possible to avoid excessive variations in switching times from one switching to the next, which facilitates synchronous switching as described above.

Selon des aspects avantageux mais non obligatoires de l'invention, un tel actionneur électromagnétique comprend une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes, prises selon toute combinaison techniquement admissible :

  • Chaque deuxième extrémité est pourvue d'une surface de butée respective parmi les première et deuxième surfaces de butée.
  • Le noyau est symétrique par rapport à un plan de symétrie, le plan de symétrie étant sensiblement perpendiculaire à la branche centrale.
  • L'organe aimanté a une section globalement en forme de rectangle suivant un plan perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie.
  • L'organe aimanté a une section globalement en forme de T ou de croix suivant un plan perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie.
  • Les premier et deuxième entrefers sont symétriques par rapport au plan de symétrie.
  • Lorsque l'organe aimanté est à mi-chemin entre ses première et deuxième positions, la longueur de chaque espacement selon une direction perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie est inférieure ou égale à la moitié de la longueur de chaque écartement latéral selon ladite direction.
  • Les deux branches latérales comportent chacune une saillie s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement à la branche centrale et l'espacement entre les deux saillies forme un troisième entrefer.
  • Les première et deuxième surfaces de butée du noyau sont pourvues chacune d'un épanouisseur de flux magnétique.
  • Le flux aimant est apte à générer un effort magnétique sur l'organe aimanté et le flux bobine est apte à orienter le flux aimant vers l'un des premier et deuxième entrefers.
  • Le flux aimant est apte à générer un effort de maintien de l'organe aimanté dans l'une de ses positions, lorsque la bobine n'est pas alimentée électriquement.
  • Le flux bobine est configuré pour dévier le flux aimant et diminuer l'effort de maintien de l'organe aimanté dans l'une de ses positions.
  • Le flux aimant, dévié par le flux bobine est apte à générer un effort moteur apte à déplacer l'organe aimanté de l'une de ses positions vers l'autre.
According to advantageous but non-obligatory aspects of the invention, such an electromagnetic actuator comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in any technically permissible combination:
  • Each second end is provided with a respective abutment surface of the first and second abutment surfaces.
  • The core is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry, the plane of symmetry being substantially perpendicular to the central branch.
  • The magnetized member has a generally rectangle-shaped section in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry.
  • The magnetized member has a generally T-shaped cross section or cross in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry.
  • The first and second air gaps are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry.
  • When the magnet member is midway between its first and second positions, the length of each spacing in a direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry is less than or equal to half the length of each lateral spacing in said direction.
  • The two lateral branches each comprise a projection extending substantially parallel to the central branch and the spacing between the two projections forms a third gap.
  • The first and second stop surfaces of the core are each provided with a magnetic flux spreader.
  • The magnet flux is capable of generating a magnetic force on the magnetized body and the coil flux is able to direct the magnet flux towards one of the first and second air gaps.
  • The magnet flux is capable of generating a force for holding the magnetized member in one of its positions, when the coil is not electrically powered.
  • The coil flux is configured to deflect the magnet flux and decrease the holding force of the magnet member in one of its positions.
  • The magnet flux deflected by the coil flux is able to generate a motor force able to move the magnetized member from one of its positions to the other.

L'invention concerne également un contacteur électrique comprenant des premier et deuxième organes fixes de contact, un organe mobile de contact et un actionneur électromagnétique de commande d'un déplacement de l'organe mobile de contact entre une première position où l'organe mobile est en appui contre le premier organe fixe et une deuxième position où l'organe mobile est en appui contre le deuxième organe fixe, dans lequel l'actionneur est tel que défini ci-dessus.The invention also relates to an electric contactor comprising first and second fixed contact members, a movable contact member and an electromagnetic actuator for controlling a displacement of the movable contact member between a first position where the movable member is bearing against the first fixed member and a second position where the movable member bears against the second fixed member, wherein the actuator is as defined above.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif et faite en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un commutateur électrique comprenant un actionneur électromagnétique conforme à l'invention, l'actionneur comportant un noyau magnétique, une bobine enroulée autour du noyau et un aimant mobile par rapport au noyau ;
  • la figure 2 est une coupe, selon le plan II de la figure 1, du contacteur électrique dans une configuration ouverte ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 2 dans une configuration fermée du contacteur ;
  • la figure 4 est une coupe schématique, selon le plan I de la figure 1, de l'actionneur de la figure 1 dans une première position stable de l'aimant correspondant à la configuration ouverte du contacteur ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 4 dans une position intermédiaire de l'aimant ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à celle de la figure 4 dans une deuxième position stable de l'aimant correspondant à la configuration fermée du contacteur ;
  • les figures 7 à 9 sont des vues analogues respectivement à celles des figures 4 à 6 selon une variante de l'actionneur, pour laquelle l'aimant présente une forme différente ; et
  • la figure 10 est une coupe schématique, selon le plan II de la figure 1, d'une variante de l'actionneur, l'actionneur comprenant en outre des épanouisseurs.
The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the description which follows, given solely by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of an electrical switch comprising an electromagnetic actuator according to the invention, the actuator comprising a magnetic core, a coil wound around the core and a magnet movable relative to the core;
  • the figure 2 is a cut, according to plan II of the figure 1 , the electric switch in an open configuration;
  • the figure 3 is a view similar to that of the figure 2 in a closed configuration of the contactor;
  • the figure 4 is a schematic section, according to plan I of the figure 1 , the actuator of the figure 1 in a first stable position of the magnet corresponding to the open configuration of the contactor;
  • the figure 5 is a view similar to that of the figure 4 in an intermediate position of the magnet;
  • the figure 6 is a view similar to that of the figure 4 in a second stable position of the magnet corresponding to the closed configuration of the contactor;
  • the Figures 7 to 9 are similar views respectively to those of the Figures 4 to 6 according to a variant of the actuator, for which the magnet has a different shape; and
  • the figure 10 is a schematic section, according to plan II of the figure 1 , a variant of the actuator, the actuator further comprising leafpersons.

Par souci de simplification, les traits de coupe ne sont pas représentés aux figures 4 à 10.For the sake of simplicity, the cutting lines are not shown in Figures 4 to 10 .

Le contacteur électrique 2 représenté aux figures 1 à 3 comporte une plaque de base 21 sur laquelle sont montés un actionneur 3, un organe mobile de contact 22 et un organe fixe de contact 24. L'organe fixe 24 comporte un contact fixe 244, également appelé pastille fixe. L'organe mobile 22 est mobile en rotation autour d'un axe X22, et est relié à la plaque de base 21 par une articulation 222 pour la rotation autour de l'axe X22.The electric contactor 2 represented in Figures 1 to 3 comprises a base plate 21 on which are mounted an actuator 3, a movable contact member 22 and a fixed contact member 24. The fixed member 24 comprises a fixed contact 244, also called fixed chip. The movable member 22 is rotatable about an axis X22, and is connected to the base plate 21 by a hinge 222 for rotation about the axis X22.

En variante non représentée, l'organe mobile 22 est une lame déformable laquelle est coincée à une extrémité dans la base 21.In variant not shown, the movable member 22 is a deformable blade which is wedged at one end in the base 21.

L'organe mobile 22 est également pourvu d'un contact mobile 224, également appelé pastille mobile, et est prolongé du côté opposé à l'articulation 222 par une gâchette 226. L'organe 22 est mobile en rotation autour de l'axe X22 entre une première configuration du contacteur où le contact mobile 224 est écarté du contact fixe 244 et une deuxième configuration du contacteur où le contact mobile 224 est en appui contre le contact fixe 244.The movable member 22 is also provided with a movable contact 224, also called mobile chip, and is extended on the opposite side to the articulation 222 by a trigger 226. The member 22 is rotatable about the axis X22 between a first configuration of the contactor where the movable contact 224 is spaced from the fixed contact 244 and a second configuration of the contactor where the movable contact 224 bears against the fixed contact 244.

L'actionneur 3 comprend un noyau magnétique 4 qui comporte une première 42A et une deuxième 42B branches latérales et une branche centrale 44. La première branche latérale 42A est pourvue d'une première extrémité 420A et d'une deuxième extrémité 421A, et la deuxième branche latérale 42B est également pourvue d'une première extrémité 420B et d'une deuxième extrémité 421B. Les premières extrémités 420A et 420B sont reliées entre elles par la branche centrale 44, tandis que les deuxièmes extrémités 421A et 421B comportent chacune une première surface de butée 422A et deuxième surface de butée 422B. Le noyau magnétique 4 est symétrique par rapport à un plan de symétrie P4, ce plan de symétrie étant sensiblement perpendiculaire à la branche centrale 44.The actuator 3 comprises a magnetic core 4 which comprises a first 42A and a second 42B lateral branches and a central branch 44. The first lateral branch 42A is provided with a first end 420A and a second end 421A, and the second Lateral branch 42B is also provided with a first end 420B and a second end 421B. The first ends 420A and 420B are interconnected by the central branch 44, while the second ends 421A and 421B each comprise a first abutment surface 422A and second abutment surface 422B. The magnetic core 4 is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry P4, this plane of symmetry being substantially perpendicular to the central branch 44.

En complément facultatif, les branches latérales 42A et 42B comportent en outre chacune une saillie 424A et une saillie 424B, les saillies s'étendant chacune d'une branche correspondante vers l'autre branche et sensiblement parallèlement à la branche centrale 44. Les saillies 424A et 424B sont disposées de part et d'autre du plan de symétrie P4. Un espacement 36 est défini entre les saillies 424A et 424B.In addition optional, the lateral branches 42A and 42B each further comprise a projection 424A and a projection 424B, the projections each extending from a corresponding branch to the other branch and substantially parallel to the central branch 44. The protrusions 424A and 424B are disposed on either side of the plane of symmetry P4. A spacing 36 is defined between the protrusions 424A and 424B.

L'actionneur 3 est pourvu d'une bobine électromagnétique 6 qui est enroulée autour de la branche centrale 44 du noyau 4, la bobine 6 étant apte à générer un flux magnétique FM6 (figures 5 et 8), dit aussi flux bobine, à travers le noyau 4.The actuator 3 is provided with an electromagnetic coil 6 which is wound around the central branch 44 of the core 4, the coil 6 being able to generate a magnetic flux FM6 ( Figures 5 and 8 ), also called coil flow, through the core 4.

L'actionneur 3 comprend également un organe aimanté 8 qui comporte un aimant permanent 80 et des parties métalliques 81 de part et d'autre de l'aimant permanent 80. L'organe aimanté 8 est apte à générer un flux magnétique FM8 (figures 4 à 9), dit aussi flux aimant, et qui comporte des première et deuxième surfaces de contact 802A et 802B. L'organe aimanté 8 est mobile par rapport au noyau magnétique 4 entre une première position dans laquelle la première surface de contact 802A est en appui contre la première surface de butée 422A et une deuxième position dans laquelle la deuxième surface de contact 802B est en appui contre la deuxième surface de butée 422B. Dans l'exemple de réalisation décrit, l'organe aimanté 8 est mobile en rotation par rapport au noyau magnétique 4 selon un axe longitudinal X8. Un espacement 32A est présent entre la première surface de butée 422A et la première surface de contact 802A lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 n'est pas dans sa première position. Un espacement 32B est également présent entre la deuxième surface de butée 422B et la deuxième surface de contact 802B lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 n'est pas dans sa deuxième position. Chaque espacement 32A, 32B est de préférence rempli d'air, et correspond alors à un volume d'air.The actuator 3 also comprises a magnetized member 8 which comprises a permanent magnet 80 and metal parts 81 on either side of the permanent magnet 80. The magnetic member 8 is able to generate a magnetic flux FM8 ( Figures 4 to 9 ), also called magnet flux, and which has first and second contact surfaces 802A and 802B. The magnetic member 8 is movable with respect to the magnetic core 4 between a first position in which the first contact surface 802A bears against the first abutment surface 422A and a second position in which the second contact surface 802B is in abutment against the second abutment surface 422B. In the embodiment described, the magnetic member 8 is rotatable relative to the magnetic core 4 along a longitudinal axis X8. A spacing 32A is present between the first abutment surface 422A and the first contact surface 802A when the magnet member 8 is not in its first position. A spacing 32B is also present between the second abutment surface 422B and the second contact surface 802B when the magnet member 8 is not in its second position. Each spacing 32A, 32B is preferably filled with air, and then corresponds to a volume of air.

De plus, l'organe aimanté est séparé de la première branche latérale 42A, en dehors des premières surfaces de contact 802A et de butée 422A, par un premier écartement latéral 34A. L'organe aimanté est également séparé de la deuxième branche latérale 42B, en dehors des deuxièmes surfaces de contact 802B et de butée 422B, par un deuxième écartement latéral 34B. Chaque écartement latéral 34A, 34B est de préférence rempli d'air, et correspond alors à un volume d'air.In addition, the magnet member is separated from the first lateral branch 42A, outside the first contact surfaces 802A and abutment 422A, by a first lateral spacing 34A. The magnet member is also separated from the second lateral branch 42B, outside the second contact surfaces 802B and abutment 422B, by a second lateral spacing 34B. Each lateral spacing 34A, 34B is preferably filled with air, and then corresponds to a volume of air.

Le noyau magnétique 4 forme alors un circuit magnétique pour le flux bobine FM6 et le flux aimant FM8. En particulier, le flux aimant FM8 est apte à passer à travers les espacements 32A et 32B, l'espacement 32A formant un premier entrefer E1 et l'espacement 32B formant un deuxième entrefer E2 pour le circuit magnétique. L'entrefer E1 a une reluctance R32A, l'entrefer E2 a une reluctance R32B, l'écartement 34A a une reluctance R34A et l'écartement 34B a une reluctance R34B. Les entrefers E1 et E2 sont symétriques par rapport au plan de symétrie P4.The magnetic core 4 then forms a magnetic circuit for the FM6 coil flux and the FM8 magnet flux. In particular, the magnet flux FM8 is able to pass through the spacings 32A and 32B, the spacing 32A forming a first gap E1 and the spacing 32B forming a second gap E2 for the magnetic circuit. The gap E1 has a reluctance R32A, the gap E2 has a reluctance R32B, the gap 34A has a reluctance R34A and the gap 34B has a reluctance R34B. The gaps E1 and E2 are symmetrical with respect to the plane of symmetry P4.

Lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 est à mi-chemin entre ses première et deuxième positions, il est en position médiane, comme représenté aux figures 5, 8 et 10, et les surfaces de contact 802A et 802B sont équidistantes respectivement des surfaces de butée 422A et 422B. En position médiane de l'organe aimanté 8, on note alors d32A la longueur de l'espacement 32A suivant une direction perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie P4 et d32B la longueur de l'espacement 32B suivant cette direction. En position médiane de l'organe aimanté 8, on note également d34A la longueur de l'écartement latérale 34A et d34b la longueur de l'écartement latéral 34B suivant cette même direction perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie P4. Lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 est dans sa position médiane, les longueurs d32A, et respectivement d32B, sont inférieures ou égales à la moitié des longueurs d34A, et respectivement d34B.When the magnet member 8 is halfway between its first and second positions, it is in the middle position, as shown in FIGS. Figures 5, 8 and 10 , and the contact surfaces 802A and 802B are equidistant respectively from the surfaces of stop 422A and 422B. In the middle position of the magnetized member 8, d32A denotes the length of the spacing 32A in a direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4 and d32B the length of the spacing 32B in this direction. In the middle position of the magnetized member 8, d34A also denotes the length of the lateral spacing 34A and d34b the length of the lateral spacing 34B along the same direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4. When the magnetized member 8 is in its median position, the lengths d32A, and respectively d32B, are less than or equal to half the lengths d34A, and respectively d34B.

En complément facultatif, le flux bobine FM6 est adapté pour passer à travers l'espacement 36, par exemple rempli d'air, cet espacement définissant un troisième entrefer E3. L'entrefer E3 a une reluctance R36.In addition optional, the stream FM6 coil is adapted to pass through the spacing 36, for example filled with air, this spacing defining a third gap E3. The air gap E3 has a reluctance R36.

L'entrefer E3 permet avantageusement d'ajuster le flux bobine FM8 nécessaire pour faire commuter l'actionneur 3.The air gap E3 advantageously makes it possible to adjust the FM8 coil flux required to switch the actuator 3.

L'aimant 80 comporte un empilement de couches de matériau magnétique. L'aimant 80 est par exemple constitué de l'empilement de couches de matériau magnétique.The magnet 80 comprises a stack of layers of magnetic material. The magnet 80 is for example constituted by the stack of layers of magnetic material.

On note 82 un coeur de l'organe aimanté 8, également appelé âme centrale, c'est-à-dire la portion de l'organe aimanté 8 qui reste entourée par les branches latérales 42A et 42B et la branche centrale 44. On note également un doigt 84 de l'organe aimanté 8 qui prolonge le coeur 82 selon le plan P4 dans le sens opposé à la bobine électromagnétique 6. Le doigt 84 vient de matière avec le coeur 82 de l'organe aimanté 8. Suivant le plan de symétrie P4, le doigt 84 a une largeur inférieure à celle du coeur 82.82 is a core of the magnetized member 8, also called the central core, that is to say the portion of the magnetized member 8 which remains surrounded by the lateral branches 42A and 42B and the central branch 44. Note also a finger 84 of the magnetized member 8 which extends the core 82 in the plane P4 in the opposite direction to the electromagnetic coil 6. The finger 84 comes from material with the heart 82 of the magnetized member 8. According to the plan of symmetry P4, the finger 84 has a width less than that of the core 82.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation des figures 1 à 6 et 10, l'organe aimanté 8 a, suivant un plan perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie P4, une section globalement en forme de rectangle.In the exemplary embodiment of Figures 1 to 6 and 10 , the magnetized member 8 has, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4, a generally rectangular-shaped section.

Selon une variante représentée aux figures 7 à 9, l'organe aimanté a, suivant un plan perpendiculaire au plan de symétrie P4, une section globalement en forme de croix, c'est-à-dire, les surfaces de contact 802A et 802B sont ménagées respectivement sur des saillies 86A et 86B au niveau du coeur 82 de l'élément 8. Autrement dit, les saillies 86A et 86B s'étendent de part et d'autre de l'âme centrale 82, de préférence sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'âme centrale 82.According to a variant represented in Figures 7 to 9 , the magnetized member has, in a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry P4, a generally cross-shaped section, that is to say, the contact surfaces 802A and 802B are formed respectively on projections 86A and 86B at level of the core 82 of the element 8. In other words, the projections 86A and 86B extend on either side of the central core 82, preferably substantially perpendicular to the central core 82.

Le contacteur électrique 2 est également pourvu d'un organe 26 de transmission d'effort entre l'actionneur 3 et l'organe mobile 22. L'organe de transmission 26 comporte un premier logement 262, qui est destiné à recevoir le doigt 84, et un deuxième logement 264 destiné à recevoir la gâchette 226 de l'organe mobile 22. Le premier logement 262 est par exemple dimensionné de manière ajustée par rapport au doigt 84, de sorte que l'organe aimanté 8 est solidaire de l'organe de transmission 26.The electric switch 2 is also provided with a member 26 for transmitting force between the actuator 3 and the movable member 22. The transmission member 26 comprises a first housing 262, which is intended to receive the finger 84, and a second housing 264 for receiving the trigger 226 of the movable member 22. The first housing 262 is for example dimensioned in a manner adjusted with respect to the finger 84, so that the magnetic member 8 is secured to the transmission member 26.

Un ressort 266 est disposé entre une première surface latérale 2640 du deuxième logement 264 et une surface latérale 2260 de la gâchette 226, le ressort 266 travaillant en translation et s'opposant au déplacement de la gâchette 226 dans le deuxième logement 264, la gâchette étant alors en appui contre une deuxième surface latérale 2642 du deuxième logement 264. L'organe de transmission d'effort 26 est donc configuré pour transmettre le mouvement de l'organe aimanté 8 à l'organe mobile 22, qui est alors adapté à se mettre en rotation autour de l'axe X22 et via l'articulation 222 entre ses première et deuxième positions.A spring 266 is disposed between a first side surface 2640 of the second housing 264 and a side surface 2260 of the trigger 226, the spring 266 working in translation and opposing the movement of the trigger 226 in the second housing 264, the trigger being then bearing against a second side surface 2642 of the second housing 264. The force transmission member 26 is configured to transmit the movement of the magnetized member 8 to the movable member 22, which is then adapted to start in rotation about the axis X22 and via the hinge 222 between its first and second positions.

L'actionneur 3 du contacteur électrique 2 est donc apte à provoquer le déplacement de l'organe mobile 22 entre la première configuration où le contact mobile 224 est éloigné du contact fixe 244 et la deuxième configuration où le contact mobile 224 est en appui contre le contact fixe 244. La première configuration, qui est représentée à la figure 2, correspond à la configuration ouverte du contacteur électrique 2. La deuxième configuration, qui est représentée à la figure 3, correspond à la configuration fermée du contacteur électrique 2.The actuator 3 of the electric switch 2 is therefore able to cause the movable member 22 to move between the first configuration where the movable contact 224 is moved away from the fixed contact 244 and the second configuration where the movable contact 224 bears against the fixed contact 244. The first configuration, which is represented at figure 2 , corresponds to the open configuration of the electric contactor 2. The second configuration, which is represented in FIG. figure 3 , corresponds to the closed configuration of the electric switch 2.

Dans la configuration ouverte du contacteur électrique 2, représentée sur les figures 4 et 7, l'organe aimanté 8 se trouve dans sa première position, c'est-à-dire la surface de contact 802A de l'organe aimanté est en appui contre la surface de butée 422A, le premier espacement 32A et le premier entrefer E1 étant alors nuls. La reluctance R32A est alors négligeable en comparaison avec la reluctance R32B et le flux aimant FM8 est apte à passer à travers les premières surfaces de contact 802A et de butée 422A qui sont en appui l'une contre l'autre. Le flux aimant FM8 génère alors un effort magnétique qui maintient l'organe aimanté 8 dans sa première position, qui correspond à la configuration ouverte du contacteur électrique 2. Tant que la bobine 6 n'est pas alimentée électriquement, le flux aimant FM8 est apte à générer un effort de maintien de l'organe aimanté 8 dans cette première position qui est alors une position stable.In the open configuration of the electric contactor 2, shown in the Figures 4 and 7 the magnet member 8 is in its first position, that is, the contact surface 802A of the magnet member bears against the abutment surface 422A, the first spacing 32A and the first air gap E1 being then void. The reluctance R32A is then negligible in comparison with the reluctance R32B and the magnet flux FM8 is able to pass through the first contact surfaces 802A and abutment 422A which bear against each other. The magnet flux FM8 then generates a magnetic force which keeps the magnetized member 8 in its first position, which corresponds to the open configuration of the electric contactor 2. As long as the coil 6 is not electrically powered, the magnet flux FM8 is suitable to generate a force for maintaining the magnetized member 8 in this first position which is then a stable position.

Lorsque la bobine 6 est alimentée électriquement, le flux bobine FM6 est généré à travers le noyau 4 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, le flux bobine FM6 traversant le troisième entrefer E3, comme représenté sur les figures 5 et 8. Selon l'intensité du courant qui alimente la bobine 6, le flux bobine FM6 présentent différentes valeurs.When the coil 6 is electrically powered, the FM6 coil flux is generated through the core 4 in a clockwise direction, the FM6 coil flux passing through the third gap E3, as shown in FIGS. Figures 5 and 8 . Depending on the intensity of the current that supplies the coil 6, the FM6 coil flux has different values.

Pour un flux bobine FM6 de faible valeur, le flux aimant FM8 est légèrement dévié, c'est-à-dire le flux aimant FM8 est séparé en deux flux aimants FM8A et FM8B, un premier flux aimant FM8A circulant à travers le premier entrefer E1 et un deuxième flux aimant FM8B circulant à travers le deuxième entrefer E2. L'intensité du deuxième flux aimant FM8B est directement proportionnelle à l'intensité du flux bobine FM6. En particulier, le deuxième flux aimant FM8B reste par exemple inférieur au premier flux aimant FM8A tant que le flux bobine FM6 est inférieur à 25% de sa valeur maximale. Tant que le deuxième flux aimant FM8B est inférieur au premier flux aimant FM8A, l'organe aimanté 8 reste dans sa première position. L'effort dit de maintien généré par le premier flux aimant FM8A est en effet supérieur à un effort dit moteur, généré par le deuxième flux aimant FM8B.For a low-value FM6 coil flux, the magnet flux FM8 is slightly deflected, that is to say the magnet flux FM8 is separated into two magnet fluxes FM8A and FM8B, a first magnet flux FM8A flowing through the first air gap E1 and a second stream FM8B magnet flowing through the second gap E2. The intensity of the second magnet flux FM8B is directly proportional to the flux flux FM6. In particular, the second magnet flux FM8B remains, for example, less than the first magnet flux FM8A as long as the FM6 coil flux is less than 25% of its maximum value. As long as the second magnet flux FM8B is smaller than the first magnet flux FM8A, the magnetized member 8 remains in its first position. The maintenance effort generated by the first magnet flux FM8A is in fact greater than a so-called motor force generated by the second magnet flux FM8B.

En augmentant progressivement l'intensité du courant qui passe dans la bobine 6 et, par conséquence la valeur du flux bobine FM6, le deuxième flux aimant FM8B devient supérieur au premier flux aimant FM8A et l'effort moteur devient supérieur à l'effort de maintien. En termes généraux, le flux aimant FM8, dévié par le flux bobine FM6, est apte à générer un effort moteur qui est apte à déplacer l'organe aimanté 8 d'une de ses positions vers l'autre. L'organe aimanté 8 est donc entraîné en rotation autour de son axe X8 ; c'est-à-dire l'organe aimanté 8 se déplace de la première position vers la deuxième position, la première surface de contact 802A s'éloignant de la première surface de butée 422A, le premier espacement 32A se reformant entre ces deux surfaces 802A, 422A.By gradually increasing the intensity of the current flowing in the coil 6 and, consequently, the value of the flux flux FM6, the second flux magnet FM8B becomes greater than the first flux magnet FM8A and the motor force becomes greater than the holding force . In general terms, the magnet flux FM8, deflected by the coil flux FM6, is able to generate a motor force which is able to move the magnetized member 8 from one of its positions to the other. The magnetized member 8 is rotated about its axis X8; that is, the magnet 8 moves from the first position to the second position, the first contact surface 802A moving away from the first abutment surface 422A, the first spacing 32A reforming between these two surfaces 802A, 422A.

En d'autres termes, lorsque la bobine 6 est alimentée électriquement, le flux bobine FM6 est configuré pour dévier le flux aimant FM8 et diminuer l'effort de maintien de l'organe aimanté dans la première position. En effet, le flux aimant FM8 circule à travers le premier entrefer E1 tant que la bobine 6 n'est pas alimentée électriquement, l'organe aimanté 8 se trouvant dans sa première position, puis se sépare en deux flux aimants FM8A et FM8B, le premier FM8A circulant à travers le premier entrefer E1 et le deuxième FM8B circulant à travers le deuxième entrefer E2, et finalement se reconstitue en un seul flux aimant FM8 qui circule à travers le deuxième entrefer E2 lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 est dans sa deuxième position. Cette deuxième position de l'aimant 8 correspond à la configuration fermée du contacteur électrique 2.In other words, when the coil 6 is electrically powered, the FM6 coil flux is configured to deflect the magnet flux FM8 and reduce the holding force of the magnet member in the first position. Indeed, the magnet flux FM8 flows through the first air gap E1 as long as the coil 6 is not electrically powered, the magnetized member 8 being in its first position, and then separates into two magnet fluxes FM8A and FM8B, the first FM8A flowing through the first air gap E1 and the second FM8B flowing through the second gap E2, and finally is reconstituted into a single flux FM8 which flows through the second gap E2 when the magnet 8 is in its second position . This second position of the magnet 8 corresponds to the closed configuration of the electric contactor 2.

Lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 est dans sa deuxième position, il n'est plus nécessaire d'alimenter électriquement la bobine 6 tant que l'organe aimanté 8 doit rester dans cette position. Le flux aimant FM8 est de nouveau apte à générer un effort de maintien de l'organe aimanté 8 dans cette deuxième position, lorsque la bobine 6 n'est pas électriquement alimentée. En effet, la disparition du flux bobine FM6 n'influence plus le flux aimant FM8 qui circule alors seulement à travers le deuxième entrefer E2 parmi les premier et deuxième entrefers E1, E2 et assure le maintien de cette deuxième position qui correspond à une autre position stable de l'aimant 8. L'actionneur 3 est ainsi un actionneur bistable, c'est-à-dire un actionneur ayant deux positions stables.When the magnetized member 8 is in its second position, it is no longer necessary to electrically supply the coil 6 as the magnetic member 8 must remain in this position. The magnet flux FM8 is again able to generate a force for holding the magnetized member 8 in this second position, when the coil 6 is not electrically powered. Indeed, the disappearance of the FM6 coil flux no longer influences the magnet flux FM8 which then circulates only through the second gap E2 among the first and second air gaps E1, E2 and ensures the maintenance of this second position which corresponds to another stable position of the magnet 8. The actuator 3 is thus a bistable actuator, that is to say an actuator having two stable positions.

Le fonctionnement du contacteur 2 et de l'actionneur 3 lorsque l'organe aimanté 8 est déplacé de sa deuxième position correspondant à la configuration fermée du contacteur vers sa première position correspondant à la configuration ouverte contacteur, est analogue à celui décrit précédemment pour le passage de la première position vers la deuxième position de l'organe aimanté 8, et n'est pas décrit davantage.The operation of the contactor 2 and the actuator 3 when the magnetic member 8 is moved from its second position corresponding to the closed configuration of the contactor to its first position corresponding to the open contactor configuration, is similar to that described above for the passage from the first position to the second position of the magnetized member 8, and is not further described.

Dans un mode préférentiel d'utilisation de l'actionneur, afin de garantir une stabilité des temps de commutation, le flux bobine FM6 généré est choisi de façon à être supérieur ou égal au flux nécessaire pour dévier la totalité du flux aimant FM8. Ainsi, quelles que soient les variations du flux bobine FM6, le flux aimant FM8 utile au mouvement est constant, et l'excédent de flux bobine FM6 circulant via les entrefers E1 et E2, ne génère pas d'effort moteur.In a preferred mode of use of the actuator, in order to guarantee stability of the switching times, the generated FM6 coil flux is chosen to be greater than or equal to the flux necessary to deflect the entire magnet flux FM8. Thus, regardless of the variations of the FM6 coil flux, the magnet flux FM8 useful for the movement is constant, and the excess of FM6 coil flux flowing via the air gaps E1 and E2 does not generate any motor force.

Comme décrit ci-dessus, le flux aimant FM8 est apte à générer un effort magnétique, moteur ou de maintien, sur l'organe aimanté 8 tandis que le flux bobine FM6 est apte à orienter le flux aimant FM8vers l'un des premier et deuxième entrefers E1, E2. Cette déviation du flux aimant FM8 sans influence de l'effort moteur est due à la présence des écartements latéraux 34A et 34B. Cet aspect de l'actionneur permet alors de s'affranchir d'une électronique de commande spécifique pour piloter le courant d'alimentation de la bobine. Ceci engendre une réduction des coûts et une diminution de l'encombrement du système.As described above, the magnet flux FM8 is able to generate a magnetic force, motor or holding, on the magnetized member 8 while the FM6 coil flux is able to direct the magnet flux FM8 to one of the first and second air gaps E1, E2. This deflection of the magnet flux FM8 without influence of the motor force is due to the presence of the lateral spacings 34A and 34B. This aspect of the actuator then makes it possible to dispense with a specific control electronics to control the supply current of the coil. This leads to a reduction in costs and a reduction in the size of the system.

La première reluctance d'entrefer R32A est de préférence inférieure ou égale à la moitié de la première reluctance d'écartement R34A, et de manière analogue la deuxième reluctance d'entrefer R32B est de préférence inférieure ou égale à la moitié de la deuxième reluctance d'écartement R34B, les reluctances d'écartement R32A, R32B étant de préférence encore strictement inférieures à la moitié des reluctances d'écartement R34A, R34B correspondantes.The first air gap reluctance R32A is preferably less than or equal to half of the first spacing reluctance R34A, and similarly the second air gap reluctance R32B is preferably less than or equal to half of the second heat recovery reluctance. spacing R34B, the spacing reluctances R32A, R32B being more preferably strictly less than half of the corresponding spacing reluctances R34A, R34B.

Les reluctances d'écartements R32A, R32B présentent de manière générale des valeurs supérieures à celles des autres reluctances précitées du circuit magnétique, de sorte que le flux aimant FM8 est apte à circuler à travers les premier E1 ou deuxième E2 entrefers tandis que le flux bobine FM6 est propre à circuler à travers le troisième entrefer E3.Reluctance reluctances R32A, R32B generally have higher values than the other aforementioned reluctances of the magnetic circuit, so that the magnet flux FM8 is able to flow through the first E1 or second E2 air gaps while the coil flow FM6 is able to circulate through the third air gap E3.

À partir d'un certain niveau de saturation du troisième entrefer E3, ce niveau de saturation dépendant des dimensions du noyau 4, une partie du flux bobine FM6 va toutefois circuler à travers les premier et deuxième entrefers E1, E2. Il est néanmoins à noter que des quantités égales de flux bobine vont circuler à travers le premier entrefer E1, et respectivement le deuxième entrefer E2, de sorte que les efforts engendrés par la circulation du bobine à travers les premier et deuxième entrefers E1, E2 s'annuleront.From a certain level of saturation of the third air gap E3, this saturation level depending on the dimensions of the core 4, part of the FM6 coil flow will however flow through the first and second air gaps E1, E2. Nevertheless, he is note that equal amounts of coil flow will flow through the first gap E1, and respectively the second air gap E2, so that the forces generated by the circulation of the coil through the first and second air gaps E1, E2 will cancel.

Le troisième entrefer E3 permet de retarder le phénomène de cloche, autrement dit rebouclage magnétique, décrit précédemment en limitant le niveau d'induction magnétique dans les premier et deuxième entrefers E1 et E2. La section du troisième entrefer E3 selon le plan P4 est de préférence d'aire sensiblement égale à celle de la section de la branche centrale 44 selon ce plan P4, afin d'éviter une saturation prématurée du troisième entrefer E3.The third air gap E3 makes it possible to delay the bell phenomenon, in other words magnetic loopback, previously described by limiting the level of magnetic induction in the first and second air gaps E1 and E2. The section of the third gap E3 according to the plane P4 is preferably of area substantially equal to that of the section of the central branch 44 along this plane P4, in order to avoid premature saturation of the third gap E3.

Selon une variante non représentée, les saillies 424A et 424B sont jointives, c'est-à-dire qu'elles sont en contact l'une de l'autre, et le troisième entrefer E3 n'est pas présent.According to a variant not shown, the projections 424A and 424B are contiguous, that is to say they are in contact with each other, and the third gap E3 is not present.

En complément facultatif, comme représenté à la figure 10, les deuxièmes extrémités 421A et 421B du noyau 4 sont en outre pourvues chacune d'un épanouisseur 426A et 426B qui prolonge le noyau 4 et les espacements 32A et 32B.In addition optional, as shown in figure 10 , the second ends 421A and 421B of the core 4 are further each provided with a spreader 426A and 426B which extends the core 4 and the spacings 32A and 32B.

L'ajout de ces épanouisseurs 426A et 426B permet d'améliorer encore le fonctionnement de l'actionneur 3, notamment d'assurer une meilleure stabilité de la valeur du temps de commutation de l'actionneur 3. En effet, l'ajout des épanouisseurs 426A et 426B permet d'assurer une meilleure circulation du flux magnétique à travers les premier et deuxième entrefers E1, E2, et de limiter des fuites dans l'air au voisinage de ces premier et deuxième entrefers E1, E2.The addition of these expanders 426A and 426B further improves the operation of the actuator 3, in particular to ensure a better stability of the value of the switching time of the actuator 3. In fact, the addition of the expander 426A and 426B makes it possible to ensure better circulation of the magnetic flux through the first and second air gaps E1, E2, and to limit leakage in the air in the vicinity of these first and second gaps E1, E2.

Claims (14)

  1. Electromagnetic actuator (3) for an electric contactor (2), the actuator comprising:
    - a magnetic core (4) having first and second stop surfaces (422A, 422B), two lateral branches (42A, 42B), each lateral branch having a first end (420A, 420B) and a second end (421A, 421B), the first ends being connected together by a central branch (44),
    - an electromagnetic coil (6) which is wound around the central branch of the core and is capable of generating a magnetic flux, called the coil flux (FM6), through the core,
    - a magnetised member (8) having a permanent magnet (80) and at least one metal part (81), the magnetised member (8) being capable of generating a magnetic flux, called the magnet flux (FM8), and having first and second contact surfaces (802A, 802B), the magnetised member (8) being movable relative to the core between a first position in which the first contact surface is in abutment against the first stop surface and a second position in which the second contact surface is in abutment against the second stop surface, the space (32A) between the first contact surface and the first stop surface forming a first air gap (E1) and the space (32B) between the second contact surface and the second stop surface forming a second air gap (E2), the magnetised member (8) being configured to be in one of the first and second positions in the absence of a coil flux,
    the magnetised member (8), outside the contact surfaces (802A, 802B) and the stop surfaces (422A, 422B), being separated from each lateral branch (42A, 42B) by a respective lateral gap (34A, 34B), each lateral gap being capable of deflecting the magnet flux (FM8) and the coil flux (FM6) towards a corresponding air gap (E1, E2), characterised in that each air gap (E1, E2) has an air-gap reluctance (R32A, R32B), each lateral gap (34A, 34B) has a gap reluctance (R34A, R34B), each air-gap reluctance being less than or equal to half the corresponding gap reluctance.
  2. Actuator (3) according to claim 1, characterised in that each second end (421A, 421B) is provided with a respective stop surface among the first and second stop surfaces (422A, 422B).
  3. Actuator (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the core (4) is symmetrical relative to a plane of symmetry (P4), the plane of symmetry being substantially perpendicular to the central branch (44).
  4. Actuator (3) according to claim 3, characterised in that the magnetised member (8) has a generally rectangle-shaped cross-section according to a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (P4).
  5. Actuator (3) according to claim 3, characterised in that the magnetised member (8) has a generally T-shaped or cross-shaped cross-section according to a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (P4).
  6. Actuator (3) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the first and second air gaps (E1, E2) are symmetrical relative to the plane of symmetry (P4).
  7. Actuator (3) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterised in that, when the magnetised member (8) is half way between its first and second positions, the length of each space (32A, 32B) in a direction perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (P4) is less than or equal to half the length of each lateral gap (34A, 34B) in said direction.
  8. Actuator (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the two lateral branches (42A, 42B) each have a projection (424A, 424B) extending substantially parallel to the central branch (44), and the space (36) between the two projections forms a third air gap (E3).
  9. Actuator (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first and second stop surfaces (422A, 422B) of the core (4) are each provided with a magnetic flux spreader (426A, 426B).
  10. Actuator (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the magnet flux (FM8) is capable of generating a magnetic force on the magnetised member (8), and the coil flux (FM6) is capable of orienting the magnet flux towards one of the first (E1) and second (E2) air gaps.
  11. Actuator (3) according to claim 10, characterised in that the magnet flux (FM8) is capable of generating a force for holding the magnetised member (8) in one of its positions when the coil (6) is not supplied with power.
  12. Actuator (3) according to claim 11, characterised in that the coil flux (FM6) is configured to deflect the magnet flux and reduce the force for holding the magnetised member (8) in one of its positions.
  13. Actuator (3) according to claim 12, characterised in that the magnet flux (FM8), deflected by the coil flux (FM6), is capable of generating a motive force capable of displacing the magnetised member (8) from one of its positions to the other.
  14. Electric contactor (2) comprising a fixed contact member (24), a movable contact member (22) and an electromagnetic actuator for controlling a displacement of the movable contact member (22) between a first position in which the movable member (22) is spaced apart from the fixed member (24) and a second position in which the movable member (22) is in abutment against the fixed member (24),
    characterised in that the actuator (3) is in accordance with any one of the preceding claims.
EP15192863.7A 2014-11-05 2015-11-04 Electromagnetic actuator and electric contactor including such an actuator Active EP3018690B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1460667A FR3028090B1 (en) 2014-11-05 2014-11-05 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR AND ELECTRICAL CONTACTOR COMPRISING SUCH ACTUATOR

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU1155866A (en) * 1967-06-22 1969-01-09 Telephone & Electrical Industries Pty. Ltd Electromechanical bi-stable motive unit
FR2793944B1 (en) 1999-05-20 2001-07-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sa OPENING AND / OR CLOSING CONTROL DEVICE, PARTICULARLY FOR A BREAKING APPARATUS SUCH AS A CIRCUIT BREAKER, AND CIRCUIT BREAKER PROVIDED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
FR2849712B1 (en) * 2003-01-07 2005-05-20 Moving Magnet Tech ROTARY ACTUATOR BISTABLE SINGLE-PHASE MONOPHASE
FR2951316B1 (en) 2009-10-09 2013-01-18 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ROTATING BISTABLE ACTUATOR
US8823473B2 (en) * 2010-11-30 2014-09-02 Fuji Electric Fa Components & Systems Co., Ltd. Latching relay

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Title
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ES2673025T3 (en) 2018-06-19
FR3028090A1 (en) 2016-05-06
EP3018690A1 (en) 2016-05-11
FR3028090B1 (en) 2018-04-13

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