EP1697955B1 - Electromechanical actuator - Google Patents

Electromechanical actuator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1697955B1
EP1697955B1 EP04804898A EP04804898A EP1697955B1 EP 1697955 B1 EP1697955 B1 EP 1697955B1 EP 04804898 A EP04804898 A EP 04804898A EP 04804898 A EP04804898 A EP 04804898A EP 1697955 B1 EP1697955 B1 EP 1697955B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
magnetic circuit
electromechanical actuator
actuator according
fixed part
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EP04804898A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1697955A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Résidence "la Roseraie* BATAILLE
Stéphane FOLLIC
Didier Vigouroux
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Priority to PL04804898T priority Critical patent/PL1697955T3/en
Publication of EP1697955A1 publication Critical patent/EP1697955A1/en
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Publication of EP1697955B1 publication Critical patent/EP1697955B1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/005—Details of electromagnetic relays using micromechanics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromechanical actuator for electrical switch apparatus, in particular of the contactor, relay or contactor-circuit breaker type, the magnetic circuit of which passes through the excitation coil of the actuator one or more times.
  • This type of actuator is particularly adapted to be realized in MEMS technology.
  • the invention also relates to a switch device provided with such an actuator.
  • a switchgear has fixed contacts that cooperate with movable contacts for the purpose of switching power to an electrical load connected downstream of the apparatus.
  • the movement of the moving contacts is generally effected by means of an electromechanical actuator, or electromagnet.
  • This actuator usually comprises a magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which is composed of a fixed part and a movable part, which are separated by an air gap.
  • the mobile part also called mobile pallet, is coupled to the moving contacts of the switch device and moves between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric control current flowing in a control coil, also called excitation coil.
  • the open position corresponds to a maximum air gap between the fixed part and the moving part of the magnetic circuit and the closed position corresponds to a minimum air gap.
  • the magnetic circuit passes through the space inside the winding of the excitation coil.
  • an electric control current circulates in the coil, a magnetic flux is created in a well-known manner in the magnetic circuit, which has the effect of reducing the gap and thus of attracting the mobile part towards the fixed part of the circuit. magnetic and move from the open position to the closed position.
  • the electric current disappears, the magnetic flux disappears and the moving part can return to the open position under the action of, for example, elastic means, for example a return spring.
  • the attractive force of the moving part towards the fixed part of the magnetic circuit is substantially proportional to the square of the amperes-turns (that is to say electric current of control of the coil multiplied by the number of turns of the coil) creating the magnetic flux. It is also practically inversely proportional to the square of the air gap of the magnetic circuit.
  • the attractive force In the open position, the attractive force must be sufficiently large at the start of the call phase to attract the mobile part of the magnetic circuit and overcome the mechanical stress resistant, despite a maximum gap. This therefore requires a lot of ampere-turns which are obtained by a large number of turns of the coil and / or by a large control electric current.
  • the decrease in the gap causes an increase in the force of attraction and there is therefore no longer need a large number of ampere-turns.
  • This phenomenon can usually be taken into account by applying a high inrush current in the calling phase for moving the moving part from the open position to the closed position, then a lower holding current sufficient for the phase of holding the moving part in the closed position.
  • Another known solution is to vary the number of turns of the coil, for example by using two coils in series for the calling phase and then shunting a coil for the holding phase.
  • such devices require means either electronic, mechanical and electrical (such as auxiliary contacts), so as to vary the control electric current or the number of turns, depending on the position of the movable part.
  • US-B1-6 225 880 discloses an electromechanical actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention describes an electromechanical actuator for a switch electrical apparatus, comprising an excitation coil consisting of a coil wound around an interior space, a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part and a pallet which is movable. between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing in the coil and causing the circulation of a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit.
  • said magnetic flux crosses several times the internal space of the coil in the open position and passes once inside the space of the coil in the closed position.
  • an electromechanical actuator of a switch device comprises a conventional excitation coil 10 formed by a
  • the actuator also comprises a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part 20 and a movable pallet 30 which can move between an open position and a closed position.
  • the open position corresponds to a gap e1 maximum between the fixed portion 20 and the movable pallet 30 and the closed position corresponds to a gap e2 minimum between the fixed portion 20 and the movable pallet 30.
  • This minimum gap e2 is retained either by means mechanical devices that prevent the movable portion 30 from being pressed completely against the fixed portion 20, or by a non-ferromagnetic material of thickness e2 which covers one of the surfaces placed facing each other in the magnetic circuit.
  • the movable pallet 30 is nevertheless represented in dashed lines in FIG.
  • the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit comprises a first end 21, a median section 23 which is connected to the first end 21 by a first part of the magnetic circuit 41, 42, 43 passing through the internal space 15 of the coil 10, and comprises a second end 22 which is connected to the median section 23 by a second portion of the magnetic circuit 45,46,47, disjoint from the first part, also passing through the internal space 15 of the coil 10.
  • the median section 23 is therefore between the two ends 21,22 and the two ends 21,22 are positioned on either side of the coil 10.
  • the fixed part 20 comprises a first, a second and a third element, each element being substantially U-shaped with a central base surrounded by two lateral branches.
  • the cross section of these elements can be either rectangular as shown in Figures 2 and 3, or circular.
  • the first branch 41 of the first element carries the first end 21 of the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the central base 42 of the first element passes through the interior space 15 of the coil 10.
  • the first branch 43 of the second element is common to the second branch of the first element.
  • the central base 44 of the second element is external to the coil 10 and carries the middle portion 23 of the fixed portion 20 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the first branch 45 of the third element is common to the second branch of the second element.
  • the central base 46 of the third element passes through the inner space 15 of the coil 10 and the second leg 47 of the third element carries the second end 22 of the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the movable pallet is rotatable between the open and closed positions. It is for example of parallelepipedal shape with a plane face 31 oriented towards the fixed part 20.
  • the first end 21, the second end 22 and the median section 23 of the magnetic circuit are oriented towards the face 31 of the mobile pallet 30 and are arranged so that, when the movable vane 30 is in the closed position, they are all substantially equidistant from the inner face 31 of the movable vane 30, corresponding to the minimum gap e2 as shown in Figure 3.
  • the dimensions of the pallet 30 are sufficient to substantially cover the ends 21,22 and the median section 23, as in FIG. 1.
  • the ends 21,22 and the median section 23 of the magnetic circuit are raised relative to the remainder of the part fixed 20 of the magnetic circuit, so that, in the closed position, the magnetic flux coming from the moving vane 30 passes exclusively through the first end 21, the second end x 22 and the middle section 23 of the magnetic circuit.
  • the distance e1 between the movable pallet 30 and each end 21,22 of the fixed portion 20 of the magnetic circuit is less than the distance e3 between the movable pallet 30 and the section median 23.
  • this is due to the fact that the pallet 30 is rotatable about an axis which is closer to the ends 21,22 that the median section 23.
  • Other mechanical solutions would obviously be possible to obtain this difference in distance between e1 and e3. It follows that, in the open position, the magnetic flux, which in general always borrows the shortest path, passes from moving paddle 30 to the fixed part 20 only by the gap created between the movable paddle 30 and the two ends 21,22.
  • the path taken by the magnetic flux B is thus schematized in FIG. 4a, in which the direction chosen for the arrows B is arbitrary and depends only on the direction of the current of the coil.
  • the dotted line corresponds to the passage of the magnetic flux B in the moving part 30. It can thus easily be seen in FIG. 4a that the path of the magnetic flux is as follows: 30, e1, 21, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 22, e1, 30.
  • the magnetic flux B must therefore cross twice the internal space of the coil 10, via the bases 42,46, to bounce off the moving pallet 30.
  • the two ends 21,22 and the middle section 23 are in magnetic "short-circuit" so that the path of the magnetic flux B is as follows: 30, e2, 21/23, 41 / 45, 42/46, 43/47, 22/23, e2, 30.
  • the magnetic flux B thus crosses the inner space of the coil 10 through the bases 42, 46 which must be considered as being parallel and therefore comparable to a single element passing through the coil 10.
  • FIG. 5 schematizes a diagram of the forces applied to the mobile pallet 30 as a function of its stroke, during the closing phase.
  • the symbols F and O respectively correspond to the closed and open positions of the pallet 30.
  • the vertical line 54 corresponds to the position where the movable contacts connected to the movable pallet 30 come into contact with the fixed contacts of the switch device ; the contact crushing stroke is located to the left of this line 54.
  • a first curve 50 shows the motor force curve obtained with an actuator whose flow continuously crosses the coil twice.
  • a second curve 51 shows a stress curve with an equivalent actuator whose flow continuously crosses the coil once. It is evident that the curve 50 is always above the curve 51 because the effort generated is logically always greater with an actuator permanently crossing the coil twice.
  • a third curve 52 corresponds to the actual curve of the actuator according to the invention described in the example of FIGS. 1 to 3. In the open position, the curve 52 is comparable to the race 50 and then moves away from it progressively. align on the curve 51 in the closed position. This separation is progressive since, as indicated above, as the approximation of the pallet 30 during the call phase, the distance between the distances e1 and e3 will gradually decrease to arrive at the single value e2.
  • FIG. 5 also shows in dotted line the resisting force 53 of the actuator. It can be seen that in order to overcome the resistive force 53 in the open position with a conventional solution, it would have been necessary to take an actuator conforming to the curve 50, since the motor force 51 is less than the resistive force 53 in this open position. Conversely, this curve 50 gives a very important effort not necessary in the closed position, which can cause including significant mechanical shocks at the end of the call phase and unnecessarily high consumption in the maintenance phase of the closed position.
  • the invention therefore provides the advantage of reducing mechanical shocks during closure, as well as better control of the dropout voltage.
  • the curve 52 makes it possible to optimize the motor force necessary to overcome the resisting force 53 whatever the position of the mobile pallet, without requiring additional electrical or electronic means, but playing only on the arrangement of the magnetic circuit.
  • the various parameters of the magnetic circuit namely among others the value of the distances e1, e2, e3, the shape and the dimensions of the various elements of the magnetic circuit, it is possible to refine the desired ideal curve 52 for the actuator. according to its application.
  • the actuator described in the invention can be made in conventional technology, but the MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) technology is also particularly suitable for producing such an actuator. Indeed, the realization by Deposition of successive layers in an iterative process lends itself well to the manufacture of a magnetic circuit and a coil having the form described. With this MEMS technology, the return means creating the resistant force could be obtained by elastic deformation of one of the parts. Furthermore, an electrical device could then include one or more actuators, so as to achieve the desired breaking capacity.
  • MEMS Micro Electro-Mechanical System
  • the variant shown in Figure 6 shows another example of arrangement of the fixed portion 20 'of the magnetic circuit, to create three separate passages in the inner space of the coil 10', instead of two.
  • the fixed part then comprises two median sections 23 ', 24' which, in the closed position, are arranged to be situated at the same distance from the movable pallet 30 'as the two ends 21', 22 'of the part fixed.
  • the magnetic flux then only crosses the inside space of the coil once, via three "parallel" passages.
  • the median sections 23 ', 24' are further away from the moving pallet 30 'than the two ends 21', 22 '.
  • the magnetic flux therefore passes only between the moving vane and the two ends of the fixed part, which forces the magnetic flux to cross the inside space of the coil three times, as can clearly be seen in FIG.
  • the multiplier effect is obviously greater.

Abstract

The actuator has a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material with a fixed part (20) and a vane (30) which is movable between open and closed positions due to electrical current circulating in a field coil (10) and causing circulation of magnetic flux in the circuit. The flux crosses many times through an inner space of the coil in the open position and crosses once the inner space of the coil in the closed position. An independent claim is also included for an electrical switch apparatus including an electromechanical actuator.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un actionneur électromécanique pour appareil électrique interrupteur, en particulier du type contacteur, relais ou contacteur-disjoncteur dont le circuit magnétique traverse une ou plusieurs fois la bobine d'excitation de l'actionneur. Ce type d'actionneur est particulièrement adapté pour être réalisé en technologie MEMS. L'invention concerne également un appareil interrupteur muni d'un tel actionneur.The present invention relates to an electromechanical actuator for electrical switch apparatus, in particular of the contactor, relay or contactor-circuit breaker type, the magnetic circuit of which passes through the excitation coil of the actuator one or more times. This type of actuator is particularly adapted to be realized in MEMS technology. The invention also relates to a switch device provided with such an actuator.

Un appareil électrique interrupteur possède des contacts fixes qui coopèrent avec des contacts mobiles dans le but de commuter l'alimentation d'une charge électrique raccordée en aval de l'appareil. Le mouvement des contacts mobiles est généralement effectué grâce à un actionneur électromécanique, ou électroaimant. Cet actionneur comporte habituellement un circuit magnétique en matériau ferromagnétique, tel que du fer, qui est composé d'une partie fixe et d'une partie mobile, lesquelles sont séparées par un entrefer. La partie mobile, appelée aussi palette mobile, est couplée aux contacts mobiles de l'appareil interrupteur et se déplace entre une position ouverte et une position fermée sous l'action d'un courant électrique de commande circulant dans une bobine de commande, appelée aussi bobine d'excitation. La position ouverte correspond à un entrefer maximum entre partie fixe et partie mobile du circuit magnétique et la position fermée correspond à un entrefer minimum.A switchgear has fixed contacts that cooperate with movable contacts for the purpose of switching power to an electrical load connected downstream of the apparatus. The movement of the moving contacts is generally effected by means of an electromechanical actuator, or electromagnet. This actuator usually comprises a magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material, such as iron, which is composed of a fixed part and a movable part, which are separated by an air gap. The mobile part, also called mobile pallet, is coupled to the moving contacts of the switch device and moves between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric control current flowing in a control coil, also called excitation coil. The open position corresponds to a maximum air gap between the fixed part and the moving part of the magnetic circuit and the closed position corresponds to a minimum air gap.

Le circuit magnétique traverse l'espace situé à l'intérieur de l'enroulement de la bobine d'excitation. Lorsqu'un courant électrique de commande circule dans la bobine, il se crée alors de façon bien connue un flux magnétique dans le circuit magnétique qui a pour effet de diminuer l'entrefer et donc d'attirer la partie mobile vers la partie fixe du circuit magnétique et de passer de la position ouverte à la position fermée. Lors de la disparition du courant électrique, le flux magnétique disparaît et la partie mobile peut revenir en position ouverte sous l'action par exemple de moyens élastiques, par exemple un ressort de rappel.The magnetic circuit passes through the space inside the winding of the excitation coil. When an electric control current circulates in the coil, a magnetic flux is created in a well-known manner in the magnetic circuit, which has the effect of reducing the gap and thus of attracting the mobile part towards the fixed part of the circuit. magnetic and move from the open position to the closed position. When the electric current disappears, the magnetic flux disappears and the moving part can return to the open position under the action of, for example, elastic means, for example a return spring.

L'effort fourni par un actionneur électromécanique doit évidemment être adapté au courant de puissance circulant dans la charge électrique à commander de façon à être capable d'ouvrir et de fermer son circuit d'alimentation rapidement et en toute sécurité, pour un coût optimisé.The effort provided by an electromechanical actuator must of course be adapted to the power current flowing in the electrical load to be controlled so as to be able to open and close its supply circuit quickly and safely for an optimized cost.

La force d'attraction de la partie mobile vers la partie fixe du circuit magnétique est sensiblement proportionnelle au carré des ampères-tours (c'est-à-dire courant électrique de commande de la bobine multiplié par le nombre de spires de la bobine) créant le flux magnétique. Elle est aussi pratiquement inversement proportionnelle au carré de l'entrefer du circuit magnétique. En position ouverte, la force d'attraction doit être suffisamment importante au départ de la phase d'appel pour attirer la partie mobile du circuit magnétique et vaincre l'effort mécanique résistant, malgré un entrefer maximum. Ceci nécessite donc beaucoup d'ampères-tours qui sont obtenus par un nombre de spires important de la bobine et/ou par un courant électrique de commande important. Par contre, à l'approche de la position fermée, la diminution de l'entrefer provoque une augmentation de la force d'attraction et il n'y a donc plus besoin d'un grand nombre d'ampères-tours.The attractive force of the moving part towards the fixed part of the magnetic circuit is substantially proportional to the square of the amperes-turns (that is to say electric current of control of the coil multiplied by the number of turns of the coil) creating the magnetic flux. It is also practically inversely proportional to the square of the air gap of the magnetic circuit. In the open position, the attractive force must be sufficiently large at the start of the call phase to attract the mobile part of the magnetic circuit and overcome the mechanical stress resistant, despite a maximum gap. This therefore requires a lot of ampere-turns which are obtained by a large number of turns of the coil and / or by a large control electric current. By cons, approaching the closed position, the decrease in the gap causes an increase in the force of attraction and there is therefore no longer need a large number of ampere-turns.

D'ordinaire, ce phénomène peut être pris en compte en appliquant un fort courant d'appel en phase d'appel pour le déplacement de la partie mobile de la position ouverte vers la position fermée, puis un courant de maintien plus faible suffisant à la phase de maintien de la partie mobile en position fermée. Une autre solution connue consiste à faire varier le nombre de spires de la bobine, par exemple en utilisant deux bobines en série pour la phase d'appel puis en shuntant une bobine pour la phase de maintien. Néanmoins, de tels dispositifs nécessitent des moyens soit électroniques, soit mécaniques et électriques (tels que contacts auxiliaires), de façon à faire varier le courant électrique de commande ou le nombre de spires, en fonction de la position de la partie mobile.This phenomenon can usually be taken into account by applying a high inrush current in the calling phase for moving the moving part from the open position to the closed position, then a lower holding current sufficient for the phase of holding the moving part in the closed position. Another known solution is to vary the number of turns of the coil, for example by using two coils in series for the calling phase and then shunting a coil for the holding phase. However, such devices require means either electronic, mechanical and electrical (such as auxiliary contacts), so as to vary the control electric current or the number of turns, depending on the position of the movable part.

Le document US-B1-6 225 880 décrit un actionneur électromécanique selon la préambule de la revendication 1.US-B1-6 225 880 discloses an electromechanical actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Par ailleurs, il est déjà connu, (voir notamment dans la demande de brevet n° FR-A1-2847071 de pouvoir augmenter les ampères-tours générant le flux magnétique non pas en multipliant le nombre de spires de la bobine mais en multipliant le nombre de passages fait par le flux magnétique à l'intérieur de la bobine d'excitation. Ainsi, si le circuit magnétique traverse deux fois l'enroulement de la bobine au lieu d'une seule fois, cela équivaut à doubler le nombre de spires de la bobine elle-même. De ce fait, on obtient avantageusement une force d'attraction qui est multipliée par un facteur quatre pour une même nombre de spires de la bobine et une même intensité de courant électrique de commande, en modifiant uniquement la structure du circuit magnétique, sous réserve de ne pas arriver à saturation du circuit magnétique.Furthermore, it is already known (see in particular in the patent application No. FR-A1-2847071 to be able to increase the ampere-turns generating the magnetic flux not by multiplying the number of turns of the coil but by multiplying the number the magnetic flux inside the excitation coil, so that if the magnetic circuit passes through the winding of the coil twice instead of once, this is equivalent to doubling the number of turns of the coil. the coil itself.Therefore, advantageously, a pulling force is obtained which is multiplied by a factor of four for the same number of turns of the coil and the same intensity of electric control current, by modifying only the structure of the coil. magnetic circuit, provided that the magnetic circuit is not saturated.

Il serait donc particulièrement avantageux de pouvoir faire varier simplement le nombre d'ampères-tours du circuit magnétique suivant la position de la palette mobile, de façon à optimiser la force d'attraction nécessaire au mouvement de fermeture de l'actionneur électromécanique, sans nécessiter pour cela des moyens pour faire varier le courant de commande ou le nombre de spires de la bobine.It would therefore be particularly advantageous to be able to simply vary the number of ampere-turns of the magnetic circuit according to the position of the movable pallet, so as to optimize the force of attraction necessary for the closing movement of the electromechanical actuator, without requiring for this, means for varying the control current or the number of turns of the coil.

Pour cela, l'invention décrit un actionneur électromécanique pour appareil électrique interrupteur, comportant une bobine d'excitation constituée d'un enroulement bobiné autour d'un espace intérieur, un circuit magnétique en matériau ferromagnétique comprenant une partie fixe et une palette qui est mobile entre une position ouverte et une position fermée sous l'action d'un courant électrique circulant dans la bobine et provoquant la circulation d'un flux magnétique dans le circuit magnétique. Selon l'invention, ledit flux magnétique traverse plusieurs fois l'espace intérieur de la bobine en position ouverte et traverse une fois l'espace intérieur de la bobine en position fermée.For this purpose, the invention describes an electromechanical actuator for a switch electrical apparatus, comprising an excitation coil consisting of a coil wound around an interior space, a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part and a pallet which is movable. between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing in the coil and causing the circulation of a magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit. According to the invention, said magnetic flux crosses several times the internal space of the coil in the open position and passes once inside the space of the coil in the closed position.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit en se référant à un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • la figure 1 représente un exemple de réalisation d'un actionneur électromécanique conforme à l'invention, en vue de dessus selon un axe YY,
  • les figures 2 et 3 montrent l'exemple de la figure 1 respectivement en position ouverte et en position fermée, en vue de côté selon un axe XX,
  • les figures 4a, 4b schématisent le parcours du flux magnétique circulant dans le circuit magnétique de l'actionneur de la figure 1 respectivement en position ouverte et fermée,
  • la figure 5 donne, pour l'actionneur de la figure 1, une vue simplifiée de la courbe représentant l'effort en fonction de la course de la palette mobile de l'actionneur,
  • la figure 6 montre un autre exemple de réalisation d'un actionneur conforme à l'invention.
Other features and advantages will appear in the detailed description which follows with reference to an embodiment given by way of example and represented by the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 represents an exemplary embodiment of an electromechanical actuator according to the invention, seen from above along an axis YY,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show the example of FIG. 1 respectively in the open position and in the closed position, in side view along an axis XX;
  • FIGS. 4a, 4b schematize the path of the magnetic flux flowing in the magnetic circuit of the actuator of FIG. 1 respectively in the open and closed position,
  • FIG. 5 gives, for the actuator of FIG. 1, a simplified view of the curve representing the force as a function of the stroke of the movable pallet of the actuator,
  • Figure 6 shows another embodiment of an actuator according to the invention.

En référence aux figures 1 à 3, un actionneur électromécanique d'un appareil interrupteur comporte une bobine d'excitation 10 classique, formée par un enroulement de spires bobinées autour d'un espace intérieur 15. L'actionneur comporte également un circuit magnétique en matériau ferromagnétique comprenant une partie fixe 20 et une palette mobile 30 qui peut se déplacer entre une position ouverte et une position fermée. La position ouverte correspond à un entrefer e1 maximum entre la partie fixe 20 et la palette mobile 30 et la position fermée correspond à un entrefer e2 minimum entre la partie fixe 20 et la palette mobile 30. Cet entrefer minimum e2 est conservé soit par des moyens mécaniques qui empêchent la partie mobile 30 de se plaquer complètement contre la partie fixe 20, soit par un matériau non ferromagnétique d'épaisseur e2 qui recouvre une des surfaces placées en vis-à-vis dans le circuit magnétique. Malgré le sens des flèches de l'axe YY pour la figure 1, la palette mobile 30 est néanmoins représentée en pointillé dans la figure 1.With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, an electromechanical actuator of a switch device comprises a conventional excitation coil 10 formed by a The actuator also comprises a magnetic circuit made of ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part 20 and a movable pallet 30 which can move between an open position and a closed position. The open position corresponds to a gap e1 maximum between the fixed portion 20 and the movable pallet 30 and the closed position corresponds to a gap e2 minimum between the fixed portion 20 and the movable pallet 30. This minimum gap e2 is retained either by means mechanical devices that prevent the movable portion 30 from being pressed completely against the fixed portion 20, or by a non-ferromagnetic material of thickness e2 which covers one of the surfaces placed facing each other in the magnetic circuit. Despite the direction of the arrows of the YY axis for FIG. 1, the movable pallet 30 is nevertheless represented in dashed lines in FIG.

Lorsqu'un courant électrique de commande circule dans la bobine 10, il se crée un flux magnétique dans le circuit magnétique provoquant une force ayant tendance à diminuer l'entrefer, c'est-à-dire à rapprocher la palette mobile 30 de la partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique. Lors de la disparition du courant électrique, le mouvement inverse peut être obtenu par divers moyens de rappel tels qu'un ressort de rappel.When an electric control current flows in the coil 10, a magnetic flux is created in the magnetic circuit causing a force tending to reduce the gap, that is to say to bring the movable blade 30 of the part fixed 20 of the magnetic circuit. When the electric current disappears, the reverse movement can be obtained by various return means such as a return spring.

La partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique comprend une première extrémité 21, un tronçon médian 23 qui est relié à la première extrémité 21 par une première partie du circuit magnétique 41,42,43 traversant l'espace intérieur 15 de la bobine 10, et comprend une seconde extrémité 22 qui est reliée au tronçon médian 23 par une seconde partie du circuit magnétique 45,46,47, disjointe de la première partie, traversant elle aussi l'espace intérieur 15 de la bobine 10. Le tronçon médian 23 se situe donc entre les deux extrémités 21,22 et les deux extrémités 21,22 sont positionnées de part et d'autre de la bobine 10.The fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit comprises a first end 21, a median section 23 which is connected to the first end 21 by a first part of the magnetic circuit 41, 42, 43 passing through the internal space 15 of the coil 10, and comprises a second end 22 which is connected to the median section 23 by a second portion of the magnetic circuit 45,46,47, disjoint from the first part, also passing through the internal space 15 of the coil 10. The median section 23 is therefore between the two ends 21,22 and the two ends 21,22 are positioned on either side of the coil 10.

Selon un mode de réalisation présentée en figure 1, la partie fixe 20 comporte un premier, un second et un troisième élément, chaque élément étant sensiblement en forme de U avec une embase centrale entourée de deux branches latérales. La section transversale de ces éléments peut être soit rectangulaire comme indiqué dans les figures 2 et 3, soit circulaire. La première branche 41 du premier élément porte la première extrémité 21 de la partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique. L'embase centrale 42 du premier élément traverse l'espace intérieur 15 de la bobine 10. La première branche 43 du second élément est commune à la seconde branche du premier élément. L'embase centrale 44 du second élément est extérieure à la bobine 10 et porte le tronçon médian 23 de la partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique. La première branche 45 du troisième élément est commune à la seconde branche du second élément. L'embase centrale 46 du troisième élément traverse l'espace intérieur 15 de la bobine 10 et la seconde branche 47 du troisième élément porte la seconde extrémité 22 de la partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique.According to an embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the fixed part 20 comprises a first, a second and a third element, each element being substantially U-shaped with a central base surrounded by two lateral branches. The cross section of these elements can be either rectangular as shown in Figures 2 and 3, or circular. The first branch 41 of the first element carries the first end 21 of the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit. The central base 42 of the first element passes through the interior space 15 of the coil 10. The first branch 43 of the second element is common to the second branch of the first element. The central base 44 of the second element is external to the coil 10 and carries the middle portion 23 of the fixed portion 20 of the magnetic circuit. The first branch 45 of the third element is common to the second branch of the second element. The central base 46 of the third element passes through the inner space 15 of the coil 10 and the second leg 47 of the third element carries the second end 22 of the fixed part 20 of the magnetic circuit.

La palette mobile est mobile en rotation entre les positions ouverte et fermée. Elle est par exemple de forme parallélépipédique avec une face plane 31 orientée vers la partie fixe 20. La première extrémité 21, la deuxième extrémité 22 et le tronçon médian 23 du circuit magnétique sont orientés vers la face 31 de la palette mobile 30 et sont agencés pour que, lorsque la palette mobile 30 est en position fermée, ils se trouvent tous sensiblement à égale distance de la face intérieure 31 de la palette mobile 30, correspondant à l'entrefer minimum e2 comme le montre la figure 3. Les dimensions de la palette 30 sont suffisantes pour couvrir en grande partie les extrémités 21,22 et le tronçon médian 23, comme sur la figure 1. Préférentiellement, les extrémités 21,22 et le tronçon médian 23 du circuit magnétique sont surélevés par rapport au reste de la partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique, de sorte que, en position fermée, le flux magnétique provenant de la palette mobile 30 passe exclusivement par la première extrémité 21, la deuxième extrémité 22 et le tronçon médian 23 du circuit magnétique.The movable pallet is rotatable between the open and closed positions. It is for example of parallelepipedal shape with a plane face 31 oriented towards the fixed part 20. The first end 21, the second end 22 and the median section 23 of the magnetic circuit are oriented towards the face 31 of the mobile pallet 30 and are arranged so that, when the movable vane 30 is in the closed position, they are all substantially equidistant from the inner face 31 of the movable vane 30, corresponding to the minimum gap e2 as shown in Figure 3. The dimensions of the pallet 30 are sufficient to substantially cover the ends 21,22 and the median section 23, as in FIG. 1. Preferably, the ends 21,22 and the median section 23 of the magnetic circuit are raised relative to the remainder of the part fixed 20 of the magnetic circuit, so that, in the closed position, the magnetic flux coming from the moving vane 30 passes exclusively through the first end 21, the second end x 22 and the middle section 23 of the magnetic circuit.

Par contre, dans la position ouverte représentée en figure 2, la distance e1 existant entre la palette mobile 30 et chaque extrémité 21,22 de la partie fixe 20 du circuit magnétique est inférieure à la distance e3 existant entre la palette mobile 30 et le tronçon médian 23. Dans le cas de l'exemple décrit, cela est dû au fait que la palette 30 est mobile en rotation autour d'un axe qui est plus proche des extrémités 21,22 que du tronçon médian 23. D'autres solutions mécaniques seraient évidemment envisageables pour obtenir cet écart de distance entre e1 et e3. Il s'ensuit que, en position ouverte, le flux magnétique, qui d'une façon générale emprunte toujours le plus court chemin, passe de palette mobile 30 vers la partie fixe 20 uniquement par l'entrefer créé entre la palette mobile 30 et les deux extrémités 21,22.By cons, in the open position shown in Figure 2, the distance e1 between the movable pallet 30 and each end 21,22 of the fixed portion 20 of the magnetic circuit is less than the distance e3 between the movable pallet 30 and the section median 23. In the case of the example described, this is due to the fact that the pallet 30 is rotatable about an axis which is closer to the ends 21,22 that the median section 23. Other mechanical solutions would obviously be possible to obtain this difference in distance between e1 and e3. It follows that, in the open position, the magnetic flux, which in general always borrows the shortest path, passes from moving paddle 30 to the fixed part 20 only by the gap created between the movable paddle 30 and the two ends 21,22.

Le fonctionnement de l'actionneur va maintenant être décrit. En partant de la position ouverte représentée en figure 2, on fait passer un courant électrique de commande dans la bobine 10 provoquant ainsi le démarrage de la phase d'appel. Le flux magnétique créé emprunte le plus court chemin entre la partie fixe 20 et la palette mobile 30 du circuit magnétique, qui correspond à la distance e1 entre la palette mobile 30 et les deux extrémités 21,22. En conséquence, au début de la phase d'appel, aucun flux magnétique ne va passer entre la palette mobile 30 et le tronçon médian 23 de la partie fixe 20, vu l'écart existant entre les distances e1 et e3.The operation of the actuator will now be described. Starting from the open position shown in FIG. 2, an electric current of control in the coil 10 thus causing the start of the call phase. The magnetic flux created borrows the shortest path between the fixed portion 20 and the movable vane 30 of the magnetic circuit, which corresponds to the distance e1 between the movable vane 30 and the two ends 21,22. Consequently, at the beginning of the call phase, no magnetic flux will pass between the mobile pallet 30 and the median section 23 of the fixed part 20, given the gap existing between the distances e1 and e3.

Le chemin emprunté par le flux magnétique B est ainsi schématisé à la figure 4a, dans laquelle le sens choisi pour les flèches B est arbitraire et ne dépend que du sens du courant de la bobine. La ligne pointillée correspond au passage du flux magnétique B dans la partie mobile 30. On constate ainsi aisément sur la figure 4a que le chemin du flux magnétique est le suivant : 30, e1, 21, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 22, e1, 30. Le flux magnétique B doit donc bien traverser deux fois l'espace intérieur de la bobine 10, via les embases 42,46, pour se reboucler sur la palette mobile 30.The path taken by the magnetic flux B is thus schematized in FIG. 4a, in which the direction chosen for the arrows B is arbitrary and depends only on the direction of the current of the coil. The dotted line corresponds to the passage of the magnetic flux B in the moving part 30. It can thus easily be seen in FIG. 4a that the path of the magnetic flux is as follows: 30, e1, 21, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 22, e1, 30. The magnetic flux B must therefore cross twice the internal space of the coil 10, via the bases 42,46, to bounce off the moving pallet 30.

Au fur et à mesure du rapprochement de la palette 30 durant la phase d'appel, l'écart entre les distances e1 et e3 va diminuer progressivement pour arriver à la valeur unique e2, correspondant à l'entrefer de la position fermée de la figure 3. Dans cette position, le flux B passe autant entre la partie mobile 30 et les deux extrémités 21,22 qu'entre la partie mobile 30 et le tronçon médian 23, ce qui est représenté par les lignes pointillées de la figure 4b.As the pallet 30 approaches during the call phase, the difference between the distances e1 and e3 will gradually decrease to arrive at the single value e2, corresponding to the air gap of the closed position of the FIG. 3. In this position, the flow B passes as much between the movable portion 30 and the two ends 21,22 as between the movable portion 30 and the median section 23, which is represented by the dashed lines of Figure 4b.

Dans cette disposition, on peut considérer que les deux extrémités 21,22 et le tronçon médian 23 sont en "court-circuit" magnétique de sorte que le chemin du flux magnétique B est le suivant : 30, e2, 21/23, 41/45, 42/46, 43/47, 22/23, e2, 30. Le flux magnétique B traverse donc bien une seule fois l'espace intérieur de la bobine 10 à travers les embases 42,46 qui doivent être considérées comme étant en parallèle et donc assimilables à un seul élément traversant la bobine 10.In this arrangement, it can be considered that the two ends 21,22 and the middle section 23 are in magnetic "short-circuit" so that the path of the magnetic flux B is as follows: 30, e2, 21/23, 41 / 45, 42/46, 43/47, 22/23, e2, 30. The magnetic flux B thus crosses the inner space of the coil 10 through the bases 42, 46 which must be considered as being parallel and therefore comparable to a single element passing through the coil 10.

La figure 5 schématise un diagramme des efforts appliqués à la palette mobile 30 en fonction de sa course, durant la phase de fermeture. En abscisse, les symboles F et O correspondent respectivement aux positions fermée et ouverte de la palette 30. La ligne verticale 54 correspond à la position où les contacts mobiles liés à la palette mobile 30 entrent en contact avec les contacts fixes de l'appareil interrupteur; la course d'écrasement des contacts se situant donc à gauche de cette ligne 54.FIG. 5 schematizes a diagram of the forces applied to the mobile pallet 30 as a function of its stroke, during the closing phase. On the abscissa, the symbols F and O respectively correspond to the closed and open positions of the pallet 30. The vertical line 54 corresponds to the position where the movable contacts connected to the movable pallet 30 come into contact with the fixed contacts of the switch device ; the contact crushing stroke is located to the left of this line 54.

Une première courbe 50 montre la courbe d'effort moteur obtenue avec un actionneur dont le flux traverse en permanence deux fois la bobine. Une seconde courbe 51 montre une courbe d'effort avec un actionneur équivalent dont le flux traverse en permanence une seule fois la bobine. On constate évidemment que la courbe 50 est toujours au-dessus de la courbe 51 car l'effort généré est logiquement toujours plus important avec un actionneur traversant en permanence deux fois la bobine. Une troisième courbe 52 correspond à la courbe réelle de l'actionneur selon l'invention décrit dans l'exemple des figures 1 à 3. En position ouverte, la courbe 52 est assimilable à la course 50 puis s'en écarte progressivement pour s'aligner sur la courbe 51 en position fermée. Cet écartement est progressif étant donné que, comme indiqué précédemment, au fur et à mesure du rapprochement de la palette 30 durant la phase d'appel, l'écart entre les distances e1 et e3 va diminuer progressivement pour arriver à la valeur unique e2.A first curve 50 shows the motor force curve obtained with an actuator whose flow continuously crosses the coil twice. A second curve 51 shows a stress curve with an equivalent actuator whose flow continuously crosses the coil once. It is evident that the curve 50 is always above the curve 51 because the effort generated is logically always greater with an actuator permanently crossing the coil twice. A third curve 52 corresponds to the actual curve of the actuator according to the invention described in the example of FIGS. 1 to 3. In the open position, the curve 52 is comparable to the race 50 and then moves away from it progressively. align on the curve 51 in the closed position. This separation is progressive since, as indicated above, as the approximation of the pallet 30 during the call phase, the distance between the distances e1 and e3 will gradually decrease to arrive at the single value e2.

La figure 5 montre également en trait pointillé l'effort résistant 53 de l'actionneur. On constate que pour vaincre l'effort résistant 53 en position ouverte avec une solution classique, il aurait fallu prendre un actionneur conforme à la courbe 50, puisque l'effort moteur 51 est inférieur à l'effort résistant 53 dans cette position ouverte. Inversement, cette courbe 50 donne un effort très important non nécessaire en position fermée, qui peut engendrer notamment des chocs mécaniques importants en fin de phase d'appel ainsi qu'une consommation inutilement importante en phase de maintien de la position fermée. L'invention apporte donc l'avantage de diminuer les chocs mécaniques lors de la fermeture, ainsi qu'une meilleure maîtrise de la tension de retombée.FIG. 5 also shows in dotted line the resisting force 53 of the actuator. It can be seen that in order to overcome the resistive force 53 in the open position with a conventional solution, it would have been necessary to take an actuator conforming to the curve 50, since the motor force 51 is less than the resistive force 53 in this open position. Conversely, this curve 50 gives a very important effort not necessary in the closed position, which can cause including significant mechanical shocks at the end of the call phase and unnecessarily high consumption in the maintenance phase of the closed position. The invention therefore provides the advantage of reducing mechanical shocks during closure, as well as better control of the dropout voltage.

Par contre, grâce à l'invention, la courbe 52 permet d'optimiser l'effort moteur nécessaire pour vaincre l'effort résistant 53 quelle que soit la position de la palette mobile, sans nécessiter de moyens électriques ou électroniques supplémentaires, mais en jouant uniquement sur l'agencement du circuit magnétique. En intervenant sur les divers paramètres du circuit magnétique, à savoir entre autres la valeur des distances e1, e2, e3, la forme et les dimensions des différents éléments du circuit magnétique, on peut affiner évidemment la courbe 52 idéale souhaitée pour l'actionneur en fonction de son application.On the other hand, thanks to the invention, the curve 52 makes it possible to optimize the motor force necessary to overcome the resisting force 53 whatever the position of the mobile pallet, without requiring additional electrical or electronic means, but playing only on the arrangement of the magnetic circuit. By intervening on the various parameters of the magnetic circuit, namely among others the value of the distances e1, e2, e3, the shape and the dimensions of the various elements of the magnetic circuit, it is possible to refine the desired ideal curve 52 for the actuator. according to its application.

L'actionneur décrit dans l'invention peut être réalisé en technologie classique, mais la technologie MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) est également particulièrement adaptée pour produire un tel actionneur. En effet, la réalisation par dépôt de couches successives dans un processus itératif se prête bien à la fabrication d'un circuit magnétique et d'une bobine ayant la forme décrite. Avec cette technologie MEMS, les moyens de rappel créant l'effort résistant pourraient être obtenus par déformation élastique d'une des pièces. Par ailleurs, un appareil électrique pourrait alors comporter un ou plusieurs actionneurs, de façon à atteindre le pouvoir de coupure souhaité.The actuator described in the invention can be made in conventional technology, but the MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) technology is also particularly suitable for producing such an actuator. Indeed, the realization by Deposition of successive layers in an iterative process lends itself well to the manufacture of a magnetic circuit and a coil having the form described. With this MEMS technology, the return means creating the resistant force could be obtained by elastic deformation of one of the parts. Furthermore, an electrical device could then include one or more actuators, so as to achieve the desired breaking capacity.

La variante représentée en figure 6 montre un autre exemple d'agencement de la partie fixe 20' du circuit magnétique, permettant de créer trois passages distincts dans l'espace intérieur de la bobine 10', au lieu de deux. Dans ce cas, la partie fixe comprend alors deux tronçons médians 23',24' qui, en position fermée, sont agencés pour se situer à la même distance de la palette mobile 30' que les deux extrémités 21',22' de la partie fixe. Comme expliqué précédemment, Le flux magnétique ne traverse alors qu'une seule fois l'espace intérieur de la bobine, via trois passages "en parallèle". Par contre, en position ouverte, les tronçons médians 23',24' sont plus éloignés de la palette mobile 30' que les deux extrémités 21',22'. Le flux magnétique passe donc uniquement entre la palette mobile et les deux extrémités de la partie fixe, ce qui oblige le flux magnétique à traverser trois fois l'espace intérieur de la bobine, ainsi qu'on peut le voir clairement sur la figure 6. L'effet multiplicateur est alors évidemment plus grand.The variant shown in Figure 6 shows another example of arrangement of the fixed portion 20 'of the magnetic circuit, to create three separate passages in the inner space of the coil 10', instead of two. In this case, the fixed part then comprises two median sections 23 ', 24' which, in the closed position, are arranged to be situated at the same distance from the movable pallet 30 'as the two ends 21', 22 'of the part fixed. As explained above, the magnetic flux then only crosses the inside space of the coil once, via three "parallel" passages. On the other hand, in the open position, the median sections 23 ', 24' are further away from the moving pallet 30 'than the two ends 21', 22 '. The magnetic flux therefore passes only between the moving vane and the two ends of the fixed part, which forces the magnetic flux to cross the inside space of the coil three times, as can clearly be seen in FIG. The multiplier effect is obviously greater.

Il est bien entendu que l'on peut, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, imaginer d'autres variantes et perfectionnements de détail et de même envisager l'emploi de moyens équivalents.It is understood that one can, without departing from the scope of the invention, imagine other variants and refinements of detail and even consider the use of equivalent means.

Claims (10)

  1. Electromechanical actuator for an electrical switching device, comprising an excitation coil (10) consisting of a winding coiled around an internal space (15), a magnetic circuit made of a ferromagnetic material comprising a fixed part (20) and a blade (30) that can move between an open position and a closed position under the action of an electric current flowing through the coil (10) and causing the magnetic flux to circulate in the magnetic circuit, characterized in that said magnetic flux passes several times through the internal space (15) of the coil (10) in the open position and passes once through the internal space (15) of the coil (10) in the closed position.
  2. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the actuator is produced in MEMS technology.
  3. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the magnetic flux circulating in the magnetic circuit passes twice through the internal space (15) of the coil (10) in the open position.
  4. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 3, characterized in that the fixed part (20) of the magnetic circuit comprises a first end (21), a central portion (23) connected to the first end (21) via a first part passing through the internal space (15) of the coil (10), and a second end (22) connected to the central portion (23) via a second part passing through the internal space (15) of the coil (10).
  5. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 4, characterized in that, in the open position, the distances (e1) between the moving blade (30) and the first end (21) and the second end (22), respectively, of the magnetic circuit are less than the distance (e3) between the moving blade (30) and the central portion or portions (23) of the magnetic circuit.
  6. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 5, characterized in that, in the closed position, the moving blade (30) is located at substantially the same distance (e2) from first end (21), from the second end (22) and from the central portion or portions (23) of the magnetic circuit.
  7. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 6, characterized in that the blade (30) can rotate.
  8. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 7, characterized in that the fixed part (20) of the magnetic circuit comprises a first element, a second element and a third element, each element being substantially U-shaped with a central base flanked by two side arms:
    - the first arm (41) of the first element bearing the first end (21) of the fixed part (20) of the magnetic circuit and the central base (42) of the first element passing through the internal space (15) of the coil (10);
    - the first arm (43) of the second element being common to the second arm of the first element, the central base (44) of the second element being external to the coil (10) and bearing the central portion (23) of the fixed part (20) of the magnetic circuit; and
    - the first arm (45) of the third element being common to the second arm of the second element, the central base (46) of the third element passing through the internal space (15) of the coil (10) and the second arm (47) of the third element bearing the second end (2) of the fixed part (20) of the magnetic circuit.
  9. Electromechanical actuator according to Claim 8, characterized in that the first end (21), the second end (22) and the central portion (23) of the magnetic circuit are at a higher level than the rest of the fixed part (20) of the magnetic circuit.
  10. Electrical switching device comprising fixed contacts that cooperate with moving contacts, characterized in that it comprises at least one electromechanical actuator according to one of the preceding claims, the moving blade of which is integral with said moving contacts.
EP04804898A 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Electromechanical actuator Not-in-force EP1697955B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04804898T PL1697955T3 (en) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Electromechanical actuator

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0314978A FR2864329B1 (en) 2003-12-19 2003-12-19 ELECTROMECHANICAL ACTUATOR
PCT/EP2004/053552 WO2005066989A1 (en) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Electromechanical actuator

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EP1697955A1 EP1697955A1 (en) 2006-09-06
EP1697955B1 true EP1697955B1 (en) 2007-03-07

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EP04804898A Not-in-force EP1697955B1 (en) 2003-12-19 2004-12-16 Electromechanical actuator

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EP (1) EP1697955B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE356419T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602004005243T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2281847T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2864329B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1697955T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2005066989A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19747167C1 (en) * 1997-10-24 1999-04-29 Siemens Ag Electromagnetic relay e.g. for high-load currents
FR2847071B1 (en) * 2002-11-13 2004-12-24 Schneider Electric Ind Sas ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Publication number Publication date
ES2281847T3 (en) 2007-10-01
DE602004005243D1 (en) 2007-04-19
WO2005066989A1 (en) 2005-07-21
DE602004005243T2 (en) 2007-12-20
ATE356419T1 (en) 2007-03-15
PL1697955T3 (en) 2007-07-31
FR2864329B1 (en) 2006-01-27
FR2864329A1 (en) 2005-06-24
EP1697955A1 (en) 2006-09-06

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