Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
  • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
  • G05G1/02—Controlling members for hand actuation by linear movement, e.g. push buttons
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
  • H02K37/02—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of variable reluctance type
  • H02K37/04—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors of variable reluctance type with rotors situated within the stators
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
  • E05F5/00—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers
  • E05F5/02—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers specially for preventing the slamming of swinging wings during final closing movement, e.g. jamb stops
  • E05F5/027—Braking devices, e.g. checks; Stops; Buffers specially for preventing the slamming of swinging wings during final closing movement, e.g. jamb stops with closing action
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
  • G05G1/00—Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
  • G05G1/08—Controlling members for hand actuation by rotary movement, e.g. hand wheels
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
  • G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
  • G05G5/03—Means for enhancing the operator's awareness of arrival of the controlling member at a command or datum position; Providing feel, e.g. means for creating a counterforce
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
  • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
  • G05G5/00—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
  • G05G5/06—Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member for holding members in one or a limited number of definite positions only
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K37/00—Motors with rotor rotating step by step and without interrupter or commutator driven by the rotor, e.g. stepping motors
  • H02K37/24—Structural association with auxiliary mechanical devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
  • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
  • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
  • E05Y2201/46—Magnets
  • E05Y2201/462—Electromagnets
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
  • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
  • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
  • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
  • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
  • E05Y2900/132—Doors

Definitions

• TITLE ADJUSTABLE EFFORT DEVICE
• the present invention relates to the field of indexing devices comprising a button or a movable accessory according to a rotary or linear movement, for example an adjustment button associated with an electromagnetic sensor for delivering an analog signal representative of the position and / or of the movement. button.
• Such a device generally comprises a manual control member, the actuation of which by a user causes the activation of the aforementioned element, as a function of the different positions occupied by this member.
• This control device is used as an example in the automotive industry: It can be used in a vehicle, for example to control the operation and adjustment of lights, mirrors, windshield wipers, air conditioning, infotainment, radio or other.
• This device can also be integrated into an electric motor in order to produce an adjustable force such as a controllable residual torque (without current in the motor), or a return force in a predefined stable position.
• Patent EP1615250B1 describes a device for controlling at least one element, in particular an electrical circuit or a mechanical member, comprising a housing, a manual control member, means for indexing the position of said control member, consisting of two permanent magnets of opposite polarity, in the form of a ring or disc, one fixed and integral with said housing, the other mobile, integral with said control member and mounted perpendicular to the longitudinal axis thereof, and means of activation of said element which act on it as a function of the different positions, called “working" positions occupied by said control member.
• French patent FR2804240 describes a device for controlling electrical functions in the automobile by magnetic switching. It includes a housing, a manual control member in rotation secured to a rotation axis on which is mounted an element comprising means for indexing the position of the control member, switching means cooperating with a circuit electrical conduction so as to deliver electrical information corresponding to the various displacements of said control member, and it is characterized in that the indexing means are constituted by permanent magnets, some of which are fixed and the others of which are movable in rotation with the 'rotation axis.
• WO2011154322 describes a control element for switching and / or adjustment functionality having at least two switching or adjustment stages, comprising: a control element which can be actuated manually and which can be moved from a rest position ; at least three permanent magnets comprising: a first movable permanent magnet, which is driven by synchronized, in its movement area, by the control element; a second movable permanent magnet, which is driven, by magnetic flux, in a first partial zone of the displacement zone of the first permanent magnet, in synchronization with the latter, and whose subsequent displacement, in at least a second partial zone the displacement zone of the first permanent magnet is blocked by at least one stop; a third permanent magnet, fixed relative to the control element for the production of a magnetic restoring force, on at least the first permanent magnet.
• the invention aims to remedy this drawback, by allowing a configurable adjustment of the law of stiffness of the indexing, without power consumption during the movement of the control member except during moments of change in stiffness.
• Such a solution notably excludes a motorized control button which requires a continuous electrical supply.
• the invention relates, in its most general sense, to an adjustable force device comprising a mechanically guided member to allow movement along a predetermined path and means of magnetic indexing of said movement by interaction.
• magnetic between a first ferromagnetic structure and a second ferromagnetic structure integral with a magnet characterized in that said magnet is surrounded at least partially by an electric coil which modifies the magnetization of said permanent magnet according to the direction and amplitude of the electric current flowing in said coil.
• magnetic interaction means any force created by magnetic means by varying the overall magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit formed by the first and second ferromagnetic structures and the magnet. It can be, for example, toothed structures or structures with variable air gaps or the interaction of the magnet with a weak coercive field with another magnet.
• the invention also relates to an adjustment device, with the exception of a computer pointing device, comprising a mechanically guided member to allow movement along a predetermined path and means for magnetic indexing of said movement by the magnetic interaction between a first ferromagnetic structure and a second ferromagnetic structure integral with a magnet, characterized in that said magnet is surrounded at least partially by an electric coil which modifies the magnetization of said permanent magnet according to the direction and amplitude of the electric current flowing in said coil.
• the magnet is a magnet with a coercive field less than 100 kA / m.
• said second magnetized ferromagnetic structure is also integral with a second permanent magnet with a coercive field greater than 100 kA / m.
• said second ferromagnetic structure is also magnetically closed by a magnetic short circuit connecting the two opposite polarities of the magnet.
• the adjustable force device further comprises an electronic circuit impulsively controlling the electrical supply of said coil.
• said first structure and second structure have teeth and in that said second ferromagnetic structure consists of two toothed semi-tubular parts connected on the one hand by the second magnet and on the other hand by the first magnet, the directions of the magnetizations of the two magnets being parallel.
• the angular difference between said teeth is identical between the first and second structures.
• the angular difference between said teeth is different between the first and second structures.
• said second ferromagnetic structure consists of two coaxial disks separated by said two magnets of tubular shapes with an axial magnetization and arranged coaxially with said disks.
• said device is rotary and in that said first ferromagnetic structure and said second magnetic structure form a variable air gap as a function of the relative angular position of said structures.
• the invention also relates to an electric motor comprising an adjustable force device according to the invention characterized in that said device is integrated into the stator of an electric motor and in that said device controls a force for maintaining in a stable position or a recall to a predefined position.
• said first structure is the cylinder head of an electric motor and in that said device controls a force for maintaining in a stable position or a return to a predefined position.
• FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of a first example of the electromagnetic structure of the device
• FIG.2a Figures 2a
• FIG.2b and 2b respectively represent a sectional view and from above of the example of FIG. 1,
• FIG.3a Figures 3a [Fig.3b]: and 3b represent, in a second alternative embodiment of the electromagnetic structure, the magnetic field lines as a function of the nature of the magnetization of the semi-remanent magnet ,
• FIG.4 Figure 4 shows a perspective view in partial section of the electromagnetic structure according to an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention
• FIG.5a Figures 5a
• FIG.5c and 5c, represent top views of a device according to the invention in another embodiment with the layout of the magnetic field lines,
• FIG.6 Figure 6, a perspective view in partial section of the electromagnetic structure according to an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention
• FIG.7 Figure 7, a perspective view in partial section of the electromagnetic structure according to another alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention
• FIG.8 Figure 8 a perspective view in partial section of the electromagnetic structure according to another alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention.
• FIG.9 Figure 9, an embodiment of a linear movement device according to the invention
• FIG.10a Figures 10a
• FIG.10b 10b
• FIG.10c and 10c, present different views respectively isolated, integrated into a gearmotor according to a top view and according to a sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a device integrated into an electric motor for carrying out a force back to a predefined position,
• FIG.11 Figure 11
• Figure 11 another embodiment of a device according to the invention integrated into an electric motor
• FIG.12 Figure 12 an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention, integrated into a control button,
• FIG.13b an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention, for managing the progressive thrust of a spring
• FIGS. 14a and 14b two cross-section views of a device according to the invention according to a particular embodiment making it possible to generate two different types of notches
• Figures 15a and 15b two cross-sectional views of a device according to the invention according to two different embodiments, to generate more than two different notches
• Figure 16 a cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention can be integrated into an actuator to generate a controlled braking torque
• FIG. 17 a perspective view of a device according to the invention in an alternative embodiment to that presented in FIG. 10a,
• FIG. 18 a block diagram of an example of a user interface using a device according to the invention.
• FIG. 19 two views respectively in perspective and in longitudinal section of an example of a user interface integrating a device according to the invention and capable of being oriented according to at least three different degrees of freedom.
• FIG. 1 represents a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of an electromagnetic structure of the indexing device and FIGS. 2a and FIG. 2b respectively represent a view in cross section and a top view of such a device .
• the thick arrows show the direction of the magnetization of the elements.
• This example of an indexing device consists of a first structure (1) formed by a toothed cylinder made of a ferromagnetic material, having in the example described 20 teeth (2) extending radially, the number of teeth not being limiting.
• This first structure (1) is rotated around the axis (6) and is coupled to a control button (not visible here) operated manually.
• a second toothed ferromagnetic structure (3) is arranged coaxially inside this first structure (1), fixed relative to the movement of the first structure (1).
• This second ferromagnetic structure (3) consists of two fixed semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b) having teeth (11) extending radially towards the teeth (2) of the first structure and with the same angular deviation as that of the teeth (2) of the first structure (1).
• Such an identical angular difference for the teeth (2) and (11) makes it possible to maximize the effort between the first structure (1) and the second structure (3) and therefore to maximize the haptic sensation given to the user.
• the adjustment of this haptic sensation will be advantageously enabled by the number of teeth in the two structures (1, 3) and possibly by a difference in angular distance between the teeth (2, 11) or even by widths of teeth ( 2, 11) different between the two structures (1, 3).
• the two semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b) are connected on the one hand by a first permanent magnet (5), preferably with high energy incorporating a rare earth, with a typical magnetic remanence greater than 0.7 Tesla and a high demagnetization coercive field, typically 600 kA / m, and in any case greater than 100 kA / m.
• the direction of magnetization is along the largest dimension of the magnet, here in a direction orthogonal to the axis (6) of rotation.
• the permanent magnet (5) has a function of generating a constant magnetic field, and must not be demagnetized during the use of the device.
• a second magnet (7) having a weak coercive field that is to say a magnet of semi-remanent type or of AINiCo type with a remanence typically of 1.2 Tesla and a typical coercive field of 50 kA / m, and in any case less than 100 kA / m.
• the direction of magnetization is according to the largest dimension of the magnet and so that the magnetic fluxes of the two magnets (5) and (7) are additive or subtractive, according to the magnetization printed on the second magnet (7) with a weak coercive field, the magnetic fluxes circulating in the semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b).
• the weak coercive field of the magnet (7) is necessary in order to allow its magnetization or demagnetization easily using a coil located around it and this with a limited energy making its use in an integrated device possible without the use of powerful and expensive electronics.
• This second magnet (7) is arranged parallel to the first magnet (5), and surrounded by two electric coils (8, 9). It is possible to install only one coil in an alternative embodiment, the two coils (8 and 9) being for this example arranged on either side of the guide axis (6) for balance concerns and optimization of space.
• each coil is made up of 56 turns (28 turns / pocket), in series with a copper wire of 0.28mm section, the coil having a terminal resistance of 0.264 W.
• a current is applied to the coil (s) (8, 9) in the form of a continuous or electrical pulse, for example given by discharge d 'a capacitor.
• a current of 13 amperes causing a magnetomotor force of around 730At allows modification of the magnetization.
• this first embodiment is as follows: When a direct current or a current pulse in a positive direction (arbitrary reference) flows in the coils (8, 9) creating an additive magnetic field between the two coils, the magnet (7) with weak coercive field is magnetized in a direction such that the magnetic fluxes of the two magnets are additive and circulate mainly in a loop through the two magnets (5, 7) and the semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b). As a result, the magnetic fluxes pass little or no through the first structure (1) and no coupling, or weak coupling, is present between the two structures (1, 3), the user activating the structure not feeling of notching.
• the magnetizations of the two magnets (5, 7) are parallel and perpendicular to the median plane between the two semi-tubular parts (3, 4) although this configuration is not exclusive.
• the magnet (7) with weak coercive field is magnetized in a direction such that the magnetic fluxes of the two magnets are subtractive and circulate mainly in a loop through the two magnets (5, 7) and the two toothed structures (1, 3).
• a marked coupling or notching appears and a significant indexing sensation is perceived by the user of the device, thus feeling a notching.
• FIGS 3a and 3b illustrate an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention for which only a magnet (7) with low coercivity is present in association with a coil (8) surrounding the magnet (7).
• the functions of the first (1) and second (3) toothed structures already described for the previous embodiment are retained.
• the two semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b) are also connected together by a short-circuit path (12), made of soft ferromagnetic material.
• the thick arrows show the direction of magnetization of the magnet (7) and the length of this arrow symbolizes the intensity of this magnetization.
• the short circuit path is no longer magnetically saturated and the majority of the magnetic flux produced by the low coercive field magnet (7) is looped through the short circuit path (12) ( Figure 3b). .
• By varying the intensity of the pulse current in the coil (8) it is possible to adjust the level of residual magnetization in the low-coercive field magnet (7) and thus adjust the intensity of the notching obtained .
• the use of the short circuit (12) is not absolutely essential to the invention and is used only for the purpose of giving a tolerance in the minimum magnetization of the magnet (7) . It is thus possible to dispense with the short-circuit path (12) by playing only on the intensity of the pulse current of the coil (8) to adjust the residual magnetization level of the magnet with low coercive field. (7).
• the magnet with a weak coercive field (7) provides a field 10 times lower than that which it has at saturation, the residual torque observed is typically more than 100 times lower.
• FIG. 4 represents an alternative embodiment where the second ferromagnetic structure is formed by two toothed discs (4c, 4d) forming two main air gaps with the first structure (1) at the level of the teeth formed at the interface of the two structures.
• the first permanent magnet (5) with a high coercive field has a tubular shape and an axial magnetization.
• the second permanent magnet (7) with low coercive field is coaxial with the first permanent magnet (5) and has a cylindrical shape and an axial magnetization, here integrated integral with the axis (6).
• the coil (8) surrounds the low coercive field magnet (7).
• the operation also remains similar to that described in the first preceding example insofar as the direction of the electrical impulse given to the coil (8) will magnetize in a first axial direction, or a second opposite axial direction, the magnet weak coercive field (7) and make the fields magnetic additives or subtractions to create or suppress notching.
• Figures 5a to 5c are similar views, from above, of an alternative embodiment of a device according to the invention.
• the first structure (1) and the second structure (3) have no teeth.
• the second structure (3) is notably terminated at its two ends by pole pieces (4th, 4f) forming spikes.
• the variation in reluctance between these two structures (1) and (3) is achieved by a continuously variable air gap at the pole pieces (4e, 4f), for example here thanks to a roughly elliptical shape, without this shape being limiting , given to the first structure (1).
• the operation is also similar to that presented above.
• FIG. 5b is shown the case where the permanent magnet (5) and low coercivity (7) have a direction of magnetization in the same direction, promoting a looping of the magnetic flux in the first (1) and second structure (3) and therefore an effort between these two elements.
• FIG. 5c the magnetization directions of the permanent (5) and low-coercivity (7) magnets are opposite so that the magnetic flux mainly flows inside the second structure (3), minimizing or even canceling out the force exerted between the two structures (1) and (3).
• Figure 6 is another alternative embodiment, repeating the use of the structures (1) and (3) toothed presented above.
• This present variant differs from the first embodiments, on the one hand by the realization of the second structure (3) in contact with the permanent magnets (5) and with low coercivity (7) and here in the form of folded sheets terminated by teeth and secondly by the different number of teeth (2) between the two structures (1) and (3).
• the permanent magnet (5) is in the form of a parallelepiped and the low-coercivity magnet (7) is in the form of a cylindrical around which the activation coils (8, 9) are wound. and other of the axis (6).
• Figure 7 is another alternative embodiment which differs mainly from the previous ones in that the permanent magnet (5) is axially placed between planar extensions (4a 1, 4b 1) of the semi-tubular toothed parts (4a, 4b) of the second structure (3).
• the permanent magnet (5) here has an axial magnetization relative to the rotation of the first structure (1) and a single coil (8) is positioned around the low coercivity magnet (7), the latter having a direction d magnetization perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
• Figure 8 is an embodiment similar to that of Figure 4, except that the permanent magnets (5) and low coercivity (7) are not coaxial.
• the permanent magnet (5) extends axially with a direction of magnetization also axial and the low-coercivity magnet (7) is parallel to the permanent magnet (5) surrounded by a coil (8).
• FIG. 9 is an exemplary embodiment of a device with linear movement according to the invention. It consists of a linear movable element (13) in the form of a rod or bar, the shape not being limiting, terminated by a toothed flow collector (14) which cooperates magnetically with the teeth (2) of the stator (15).
• the stator (15) and the linear mobile element (13) are the equivalent of the first (1) and second structure (3) of the rotary cases, respectively.
• the stator (15) thus has a permanent magnet (5) extending perpendicular to the linear movable element (13), its magnetization being directed according to this extension.
• the low coercivity magnet (7) extends parallel to the permanent magnet (5) and is surrounded by the coil (8) to modulate its magnetization.
• Figures 10a and 11 are two particular variants of devices according to the invention intended to integrate a variable and controllable force in an electric motor or actuator.
• a device according to the invention is integrated into a motor comprising a motor stator (16) having poles (17) extending radially relative to a magnetized rotor ( 18).
• this magnetic rotor (18) carries a pinion (19) intended to drive an external member or a mechanical reducer.
• Three poles (17) carry motor coils (20) in order to generate the rotating field driving the magnetic rotor (18), the number of poles not being limiting.
• a particular pole (17a) of the motor stator (16) is associated with a permanent magnet (5) extending parallel to said particular pole (17a), its direction of magnetization being according to this extension, and associated with a weak magnet.
• the particular pole (17a) is surrounded by an activation coil (8) and has an end (21), on the magnetic rotor side (18), allowing the permanent magnets (5) and low coercivity (7) to be magnetically connected.
• the low coercivity magnet has a direction of magnetization in the same direction or the opposite direction to that of the magnet permanent (5). If the magnetizations are in the same direction, the magnetic fluxes of the two magnets (5) and (7) flourish from the end (21) and interact with the magnetic rotor (18) in order to create a force now in position the magnetic rotor (18) or bringing said magnetic rotor (18) to a predefined position. If the magnetizations are in an opposite direction from each other, the magnetic fluxes of the two magnets (5) and (7) loop in the end (21) without interacting with the magnetic rotor (18), not creating of effort on the latter.
• a device it is possible, thanks to a device according to the invention, to introduce a controllable force in an electric motor or actuator by making it possible to add for example: a holding torque in a defined position, a restoring torque in a predefined position , or a periodic residual torque.
• the motor in FIG. 10a is associated with a movement reducer (29) and a torsion spring (30) to form a geared motor whose return to a reference position (so-called fail-safe position in English) is controlled by a device according to the invention, delimited by the dotted ellipse (DI).
• the spring (30) is positioned at the output wheel (31) and applies a torque to the latter.
• the device according to the invention is active so that it creates a magnetic interaction between the rotor (18) and the end (21) generating a torque on the rotor (18).
• this magnetic torque is amplified and dimensioned to be greater than the torque generated, at the output wheel (31), by the spring (30).
• the device can hold any position without power consumption.
• the device according to the invention is made inactive by reversing the magnetization at the level of the low-coercivity magnet (7), the magnetic interaction torque between the rotor (18) and the end (21) is deleted or minimized. Therefore, the torque of the spring (30) applied to the output wheel generates a force which will bring the output wheel (31) to a predefined position (thanks, for example, to a stop).
• the device according to the invention makes it possible to perform a controllable recall / fail-safe effort.
• the advantage is to be able to minimize the size of the motor which does not have to permanently overcome the return force of the spring (30) with current.
• An example of application of this particular embodiment including a device according to the invention associated with a reducer and a spring on the output wheel of the reducer, is its use in a door closer.
• the dimensioning of the device will make it possible to modify the desired braking characteristic on demand, also by playing on the magnetization cycles of the magnet with low coercive field (7) during the closing of the door. It should be noted that this application can also be envisaged with a device as presented in Figures 13a and 13b.
• FIG. 11 is an alternative embodiment of this controllable force device integrated into an electric motor, the stator of which has similarities to that of FIG. 10, with elements referenced in common.
• the device is however integrated inside the magnetic rotor (18) and does not have any particular pole.
• the stator is indeed a conventional, unmodified stator of an electric motor.
• the magnetic rotor (18) comprises a ferromagnetic yoke (22) which is the equivalent of the first structure (1) of the device shown in FIG. 1. Inside this first structure (1), we also find the same elements that can be seen in FIG. 1.
• the controllable interaction between the cylinder head (22) and the second fixed structure (3) makes it possible to modulate the force applied to the magnetic rotor (18).
• FIG. 12 presents a manually controllable button (23) integrating a device according to the invention for which the interaction between a first toothed structure (la) and a second toothed structure (3a) is used to control a locking force.
• the first structure (la) and the second structure (3a) are axially movable relative to each other, the permanent magnet (5) being integrated in the plane of the first structure (1) and the magnet to low coercivity (7) and the activation coil (8) being integrated in the plane of the second structure (3a).
• a brake disc (24) which extends radially and secured to the toothed support (25) of the button (23). The disc (24) is therefore secured to the button (23).
• the magnetic flux of the two magnets (5, 7) flows respectively in the toothed support (25) of the button (23) and in the toothed support (26) of the first structure (la), thus creating a notching force felt by the user of the button (23).
• the magnetic flux of the two magnets (5, 7) mainly flows in the air gap (27) between the two structures (la, 3a) favoring the closing of this air gap (27) and therefore the pinching of the brake disc (24) between the two supports (25, 26).
• the return to the notched state can then be done by changing the direction of the magnetization of the low coercivity magnet (7) and by re-opening the air gap (27) thanks to the action of one or more springs (28). It is thus possible, thanks to a device according to the invention to produce on the one hand a notching sensation but also to simulate an arrival in abutment by blocking the movement of the button.
• Figures 13a and 13b show views, respectively from above and in perspective of a device according to the invention (DI) - which is here according to the embodiment given in Figure 1 - associated with a mechanical movement reducer (29 ) and a pushing device (32).
• the latter consists of a compression spring (33) and a support plane (34).
• the movement reducer (29) has, on the output wheel (31), a capstan (35) on which is wound a cable (36) also connected to the plane support (34).
• the compression spring (33) is fixed on one longitudinal side (A) and applies a force on the support plane (34) at the level of the other longitudinal side (B).
• this device which can also be applied to a support plane with angular movement, can advantageously manage the effort of a compression spring to achieve a progressive advance of the support plane (34).
• the use of such a device can be imagined for a syringe pump or to manage the dosage of any dispenser, or even to manage the closing of a door.
• FIGS. 14a and 14b are presented two magnetic configurations of the same topology whose role is to allow a number of notches felt different according to the direction of the magnetization of the magnet with low coercive field (7).
• the magnetization of this magnet (7) is such that it generates a magnetic flux flowing between the first and second structures (1, 3) by a first pattern of teeth carried by a part (4a) to the second structure (3) spaced in this configuration by a period identical to that of the teeth ( 2) of the first structure (1).
• the magnetization of the magnet (7) is in a direction opposite to that previously described and the magnetic flux circulates between the first and second structures (1 , 3) by the second pattern of teeth carried by a part (4b) to the second structure (3) spaced so as to create a second mechanical period for the couple.
• the mechanical frequency of the torque created according to this second configuration is equal to the PPCM between the number of teeth regularly spaced at the first structure (1) and the number of teeth at the second structure (3) which are regularly spaced according to the second pattern of teeth carried by the part (4b).
• the number of teeth to be placed on this pattern is equal to the number of teeth regularly spaced on the second pattern of teeth carried by the part (4b) divided by the PGCD between this number of teeth and the number of teeth of the first structure (1 ).
• FIG. 15a is an extended version of the embodiment in FIGS. 14a and 14b, making it possible to obtain 4 different operating modes.
• the embodiment has a first toothed structure (1) in the form of a crown carrying teeth (2) distributed over its internal surface and directed radially inwards, a second ferromagnetic structure (3) here comprising three semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b and 4c), a permanent magnet (5) with a strong coercive field and two magnets with a weak coercive field (7a and 7b).
• the latter are each surrounded by a coil making it possible to reverse and / or modulate their magnetization, respectively (9a and 9b).
• the semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b) each have, on their external cylindrical side, a toothing, respectively (l ia, 11b), allowing them to interact with that of the crown.
• the semi-tubular part (4c) has a shape making it possible to loop the flow and optimize the magnetic torque. In the case presented, it has no teeth but a constant radius (11c) in order to ensure a looping of the magnetic flux in any relative position of the first structure (1) relative to the second structure (3).
• the second ferromagnetic structure (3) is produced by alternating the magnets (5, 7a and 7b) and the semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b and 4c) in the orthoradial direction. In this way, the device can have a substantially zero torque if the direction of magnetization of all the magnets is chosen so that the magnetic flux is only looped through the second ferromagnetic structure (3).
• the magnetic flux will be directed towards the first toothed structure (1) through only 2 of the semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b ) or (4a, 4c) or (4b, 4c), thus obtaining 3 distinct magnetostatic couples depending on the geometric characteristics of the first and second ferromagnetic structure (1, 3), according to the teachings of FIGS. 14a and 14b.
• FIG. 15b is an alternative embodiment to that presented in FIG. 15a, making it possible also to obtain 4 different operating modes.
• the embodiment has a first toothed structure (1) in the form of a crown with teeth (2) distributed over its inner surface here comprising three semi-tubular parts (4a, 4b and 4c), a permanent magnet ( 5) with strong coercive field and two magnets with weak coercive field (7a and 7b). The latter are each surrounded by a coil making it possible to reverse and / or modulate their magnetization, respectively (9a and 9b).
• a second ferromagnetic structure (3) is present inside the first structure (1) and comprises a set of teeth (2) regularly distributed.
• the semi-cylindrical parts (4a, 4b) each have, on their internal cylindrical side, a toothing (respectively ia, 11b) allowing them to interact with that of the rotor.
• the semi-tubular part (4c) has a shape allowing the flow to be looped and optimizing the magnetic torque. In the case presented, it has no teeth but a constant radius (11c) in order to ensure a looping of the magnetic flux in any relative position of the first structure (1) relative to the second structure (3).
• the magnetic flux circulates mainly in the first structure (1), without interacting, or by interacting little with the second structure (3), or then the magnetic flux circulates in the second structure (3), via the teeth and then creates a torque as a function of the relative position of the first structure (1) relative to the second structure (3).
• Such a device can in particular and for example be used to create an additional position holding function for a device which must be clamped or released on demand.
• FIG. 17 presents an alternative embodiment to that proposed or put into situation in FIGS. 10a, 10b and 10c.
• the device according to the invention (DI) is integrated directly at one of the control coils (20 ’) of the motor.
• the functionality according to which the notching or the absence of notching by magnetic interaction with the rotor (18) of the motor can be controlled directly by a coil (20 ’) which is an electric phase of the motor.
• the electric current flowing in the coil (20 ’) must not be greater than the limit allowing the permanent magnetization of the low coercive field magnet (7) to be modified.
• the device (DI) can be produced in different ways, taking the example of the cases presented above.
• FIG. 18 presents a functional diagram of a device according to the invention (DI) when integrated into a complete system for managing a user interface.
• the device according to the invention (DI) is integral with this user interface and also with a position sensor and it is controlled by a microcontroller.
• this microcontroller will control the coil or coils of the device according to the invention (DI) via the control signal (37).
• the device according to the invention (DI) can thus dynamically modify - that is to say during operation and as a function of the position of the interface - the felt by the user by action (39) of the device of the invention on the user interface.
• Figures 19a and 19b are two different views, respectively exploded and in longitudinal section, of the same user interface using a device according to the invention (DI).
• this device (DI) is integrated inside an interface (40) which can be manipulated by a user in rotation according to the three degrees of freedom possible in rotation.
• the device (DI) thus makes it possible to modify the feeling of the user as a function of the configuration of said device (DI) according to the teachings described previously in one or the other example.
• the second structure (3) is integral with a swivel finger (43) which therefore allows the three degrees of freedom in rotation.
• the rotation around the main axis of rotation (A) of the device is free while the other two degrees of freedom in rotation are limited by mechanical cooperation of the swivel finger (43) with the support (41) which has a cone shape (44). It can also be envisaged to allow an additional degree of freedom in translation along the axis (A).

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
• Electromagnets (AREA)
• Braking Arrangements (AREA)
• Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)

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• 2018
  • 2018-11-29 FR FR1872071A patent/FR3089314B1/fr active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-11-29 EP EP19835457.3A patent/EP3887919A2/de active Pending
  • 2019-11-29 US US17/295,737 patent/US20220021289A1/en active Pending
  • 2019-11-29 WO PCT/FR2019/052851 patent/WO2020109744A2/fr unknown
  • 2019-11-29 JP JP2021531211A patent/JP7491922B2/ja active Active
  • 2019-11-29 KR KR1020217020132A patent/KR20210097165A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2019-11-29 CN CN201980078219.4A patent/CN113168204B/zh active Active

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