EP1482259B1 - Entspannungsvorrichtung für Klimakreislauf - Google Patents

Entspannungsvorrichtung für Klimakreislauf Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1482259B1
EP1482259B1 EP04012017A EP04012017A EP1482259B1 EP 1482259 B1 EP1482259 B1 EP 1482259B1 EP 04012017 A EP04012017 A EP 04012017A EP 04012017 A EP04012017 A EP 04012017A EP 1482259 B1 EP1482259 B1 EP 1482259B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
pressure
pressure regulator
regulator device
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04012017A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1482259A1 (de
Inventor
Mohamed Ben Yahia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Climatisation SA
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Valeo Climatisation SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Climatisation SA filed Critical Valeo Climatisation SA
Publication of EP1482259A1 publication Critical patent/EP1482259A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/31—Expansion valves
    • F25B41/33—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant
    • F25B41/335—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant via diaphragms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/06—Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/063—Feed forward expansion valves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to air conditioning circuits, especially for motor vehicles.
  • a conventional air conditioning circuit comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expander device and an evaporator traveled in this order by a refrigerant fluid.
  • the refrigerant is compressed in the gas phase and brought to a high pressure by the compressor. It is then converted into the liquid phase by the condenser, then undergoes a loss of pressure passing through the expander device. The liquid partially vaporizes in the expander device while cooling.
  • the refrigerant is in the form of a mixture of vapor and low pressure liquid, which is transmitted to the evaporator where it is converted into a gas phase.
  • a thermostatic expansion valve is used to perform the relaxation.
  • a regulator serves to supply the evaporator optimally while maintaining a chosen superheat at the outlet of the evaporator, which makes it possible to adapt the flow rate of refrigerant circulating in the circuit to the thermal loads, see by example EP 0 279 622 A .
  • such a pressure reducer comprises four connection points, two of the connection points being located on a side face for connection to the inlet of the evaporator and the outlet of the evaporator, via two connecting ducts and the two other connection points are located on the other side face for connection to the outlet of the condenser (or the accumulator) and the compressor inlet, via two other connecting ducts.
  • at least two clamps are needed to fix two by two the connecting ducts.
  • the alignment distance between two connecting ducts located on the same side face must be severe and, in particular, the two connecting ducts used to connect the expansion valve to the inlet and the outlet of the evaporator must have a specific and complex conformation to allow connection, which increases the overall cost of the regulator.
  • the expander device is a calibrated orifice.
  • a calibrated orifice to regulate the refrigerant flow rate according to the thermal load conditions do not reach those of the thermostatic expansion valves.
  • An accumulator is then used at the outlet of the evaporator to prevent an excessively large refrigerant flow from reaching the evaporator and to prevent the compressor from flowing liquid.
  • This accumulator corresponds to a storage area of the non-circulating refrigerant charge. This storage area can increase or decrease depending on the operating conditions. As a result, the accumulator must be particularly bulky, which increases the size of the air conditioning installation.
  • the invention improves the situation.
  • an expansion device intended to be installed in an air conditioning circuit operating with a refrigerant, and comprising a body adapted to be traversed by the refrigerant fluid under the control of a needle.
  • the expander device further comprises a bulb filled with a control fluid exerting a control pressure on a membrane according to the surrounding conditions, said membrane being able to act on the needle according to the control pressure.
  • the bulb is placed in the path of the coolant between the outlet of the condenser and the inlet of the expander device.
  • control fluid has a saturation pressure greater than or equal to the saturation pressure of the refrigerant at a given temperature.
  • the pressure difference between the refrigerant and the control fluid is then substantially constant over a temperature range between 10 ° C and 70 ° C.
  • the control fluid is the fluid R218.
  • control fluid is the fluid R134a.
  • the body comprises an input adapted to be connected to the condenser by a conduit for receiving the refrigerant, and an outlet adapted to be connected to the evaporator by another conduit to transmit the refrigerant.
  • the body may further comprise a first compartment which opens the inlet and a second compartment which opens the outlet, the refrigerant being transmitted from the first compartment to the second compartment by an opening whose passage section is adjusted by the needle.
  • the bulb is located in the first compartment.
  • the needle is located in the first compartment below the bulb while it comprises a control rod mechanically connected to the membrane so as to be movable in translation as a function of the pressure exerted by the control fluid on the membrane.
  • the invention also proposes an air conditioning circuit operating with a refrigerant fluid and comprising a compressor, a condenser, an expander device and an evaporator.
  • the expander device is as defined above, its inlet being connected to the condenser and its outlet being connected to the evaporator.
  • the air conditioning circuit may include an accumulator placed between the evaporator outlet and the compressor inlet.
  • the figure 1a represents an air conditioning circuit according to the prior art, wherein the expander device 12 'is a thermostatic expansion valve. Such a regulator regulates the flow of refrigerant through a bulb placed in the path of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator 13.
  • the expander device 12 ' comprises a first portion P1 which receives the refrigerant from the condenser 11 by the input E1 and transmits it to the evaporator via the output S1 via an opening whose passage section is variable.
  • the expander device 12 'further comprises a second portion P2 which receives the refrigerant from the outlet of the evaporator 13 through the inlet E2 and transmits it to the compressor 14 through the outlet S2.
  • This second part houses the bulb which is crossed by the refrigerant fluid from the outlet of the evaporator.
  • the bulb is connected to a membrane on which it exerts a pressure depending on the conditions of overheating. This membrane can then move to change the passage section of the opening between the second portion P2 and the first portion P1.
  • the structure of such a regulator requires specific and expensive connections with the evaporator 13.
  • the figure 1b represents an air conditioning circuit comprising a calibrated orifice 12 "according to the prior art to achieve the relaxation.
  • the calibrated orifice 12 has a simple structure that does not require complicated connections vis-à-vis the other elements of the circuit. However, it is not able to regulate the refrigerant flow rate depending on the operating conditions. In addition, its performance is not sufficient to avoid the liquid shots at the compressor 14 so that it is often necessary to add a large accumulator 40 at the outlet of the evaporator 13, which increases the bulk of the circuit of air conditioner.
  • FIG. 2a represents an expansion device according to the invention, designated as a whole by the reference 12. This expander device is intended to be installed in an air conditioning installation.
  • the expander device 12 comprises a body 120, which may be of generally parallelepipedal shape and constituted for example by aluminum.
  • the body 120 is provided with an inlet 121 adapted to receive a refrigerant fluid FR at high pressure.
  • the inlet is intended to be connected to a condenser via a connection duct 22.
  • connection between the expander and the condenser via the connecting duct 22 may be indirect when other circuit elements, for example an exchanger thermal internal, are used on the line condenser / evaporator.
  • the remainder of the description will be made with reference to an air conditioning installation that does not use an intermediate circuit element between the condenser and the expander as a non-limiting example.
  • the body 120 further comprises an outlet 123 from which opens the refrigerant fluid FR in a low pressure state. This outlet is intended to be connected to the evaporator 13 via a connecting pipe 24.
  • the inlet 121 and the outlet 123 are preferably arranged on the same side face of the body 120.
  • the expander device is intended to be placed in an air conditioning circuit so that this side face is substantially opposite the condenser.
  • the inlet 121 opens on a first compartment 125 delimiting an end portion of the body 120.
  • the refrigerant fluid arriving in the inlet 121 flows into this first compartment 125.
  • the outlet 123 opens on a second compartment 126 delimiting another end portion of the body 120.
  • the refrigerant in the second compartment exits the expander through the outlet 123.
  • the first compartment 125 may comprise an upper part 1250 and a lower part 1251.
  • the upper part 1250 is separated from the lower part 1251 by a wall 25 consisting of at least one opening 30 (or 32).
  • a wall 25 consisting of at least one opening 30 (or 32).
  • two openings 30 and 32 are used in particular. The remainder of the description will be made with reference to this example by way of illustration.
  • the wall 25 constitutes an intermediate support for a bulb 200.
  • the refrigerant fluid arriving in the upper part 1250 through the inlet 121 can thus pass through the openings 30 and 32 to be distributed in the lower part 1251.
  • the second compartment is separated from the first compartment by another wall 21 provided with a calibrated opening 34, of adjustable passage section by the displacement of a needle 134.
  • the lower part 1251 of the first compartment comprises a wall 23 provided with openings for the passage of the cooling fluid. This wall is arranged on either side of the needle 134 to support it.
  • the needle 134 may consist of a substantially vertical control rod, called a trigger rod, which can be displaced in translation in a direction generally perpendicular to the respective axes of the inlet 121 and the outlet 123, in particular in one direction. vertical.
  • the end of the needle is shaped according to the diameter of the opening 34.
  • the wall 21 is funnel-shaped at the opening 34, in order to maintain the needle in the second compartment.
  • the expander device further comprises a bulb 200 comprising a small volume chamber filled with a control fluid FC, which is essentially of the refrigerant type.
  • the enclosure is a rigid shell integral with the wall 25.
  • the lower part of the bulb consists of a flexible membrane 33 connected to the needle 134.
  • the FC fluid has a particular saturation pressure / temperature characteristic. It is chosen in particular so that its saturation curve in the saturation pressure / temperature diagram is above the curve saturation of the refrigerant fluid FR.
  • a particularly suitable refrigerant / control fluid pair is the pair R134a / R218. It is also possible to use the torque R134a / R134a.
  • control fluid R218 by way of non-limiting example.
  • the bulb is placed in the first compartment so as to be in contact with the membrane 33.
  • the bulb is licked by the refrigerant fluid FR which arrives in the first compartment 125.
  • the control fluid exerts pressure on the flexible membrane 33.
  • the membrane can then be moved vertically in translation depending on the forces exerted on it.
  • the temperature of the control fluid FC in the bulb depends on the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR which arrives in the expander device and which corresponds to the outlet temperature of the condenser (or of the internal heat exchanger when the installation is provided with this) , which makes it possible to control the movement of the needle 134.
  • the membrane may be connected to a spring system comprising a first coil spring 350 connected to a portion 250 of the wall 25, located in the vicinity of the needle on the left, and a second coil spring 351 connected to a portion 251 of the wall 25 , located near the needle on the right.
  • the spring system is arranged to bias the needle upwardly to facilitate the opening of the section 34.
  • Other spring systems may be used to the extent that the force they exert opposes the force. exerted by the control fluid FC on the diaphragm 33.
  • the stiffness of the springs is chosen low enough not to keep the needle open when the outside temperature is low, ie when the thermal load on the loop is low.
  • FIG. 3 represents an air conditioning circuit 20, suitable for installation in a motor vehicle for air conditioning of the passenger compartment.
  • the circuit 20 comprises a compressor 14, a condenser 11, an expander device 12 according to the invention, and an evaporator 13 traversed in this order by a refrigerant fluid FR, for example the fluid R134a.
  • the refrigerating fluid FR is compressed in the gaseous phase and brought to a high pressure HP by the compressor 14. It is then converted into a liquid phase by the condenser 11, then undergoes a pressure loss by passing through the expander device 12. The liquid partially vaporizes in the expander device 10 while cooling. At the outlet of the expander device, a mixture of vapor and low-pressure liquid BP is obtained, which is transmitted to the evaporator 13 where it is converted into a gas phase.
  • the condenser 11 is traversed by a stream of air which is heated on contact, while the evaporator is traversed by a flow of air which is cooled on contact and which is intended for the air conditioning of the passenger compartment of the vehicle. .
  • the expander device 12 can be connected in a simple manner to the condenser 11 and to the evaporator 13, since it comprises only an inlet 121 and an outlet 123.
  • the refrigerant FR first undergoes desuperheating at constant pressure to lower the temperature of the fluid, and then constant pressure condensation. Finally, the fluid FR is undercooled so as to supply the regulator with 100% of liquid.
  • a sub-cooling value ⁇ S of the order of 10 ° C allows a correct operation of the air conditioning circuit and offers better thermal performance.
  • the pressure of the control fluid FC in the bulb 200 depends on the temperature characteristics of the refrigerant fluid FR from the condenser, and therefore the subcooling ⁇ S.
  • the control pressure Pc exerted by the fluid FC on the membrane 33 has a value which is related to the sub-cooling ⁇ S.
  • the expander device makes it possible to regulate the refrigerant flow rate as a function of the subcooling AS at the outlet of the condenser.
  • the vertical movement of the needle 134 shown on the figure 2a is controlled by the temperature of the refrigerating fluid FR arriving in the expander device via the inlet 121.
  • the control fluid FC inside the bulb 200 is subjected to a heat exchange with the refrigerant fluid FR which arrives in the first compartment 125.
  • the control fluid FC has saturation pressure characteristics with respect to the temperature greater than or equal to that of the refrigerant fluid FR and therefore at a given temperature, the control fluid FC has a pressure different from that of the FR refrigerant.
  • the figure 2a corresponds to a state of equilibrium.
  • the needle 134 goes in the direction of the opening of the passage section 34, as shown in FIG. figures 2b and 2d . Conversely, if the force F1 is smaller than the force F2, the needle 134 goes in the direction of closing the passage section of the passage section 34, as shown in FIG. Figure 2c .
  • the expander device 12 makes it possible to impose subcooling at the outlet of the condenser 11.
  • Undercooling ⁇ S too large indicates that the last molecule of gas condenses too early in the condenser.
  • the control pressure in the bulb is very low, which causes the opening of the passage section 34. It follows a high coolant flow rate at the inlet of the evaporator and therefore a high cooling capacity .
  • the expansion device of the invention imposes a relationship between the opening of the passage section 34 and the subcooling ⁇ S. In particular, it is possible to use this property to set subcooling.
  • the fluid FR arriving in the first compartment 125 has undercooled in the condenser, and therefore the refrigerant FR is almost entirely in the liquid phase at low temperature.
  • the membrane will then deform towards the inside of the bulb, causing an upward translation of the needle, which causes the opening of the passage section 34 and allows a significant flow of refrigerant FR at the outlet 123 of the expander device . Opening the passage section will then cause a decrease in subcooling.
  • the FR refrigerant that arrives in the compartment 125 has not undergone or undercooled in the condenser 11, and therefore the coolant has a high temperature.
  • the control fluid FC in the bulb 200 reacts at this temperature by swelling slightly.
  • the membrane 33 deforms outwardly and causes a translation downward of the needle 134, which causes the closing of the passage section 34. This will have the effect of creating an undercooling in the condenser 11.
  • control fluid FC is chosen such that its saturation curve is above the refrigerant saturation curve FR, in the saturation pressure / temperature diagram as shown in FIG. figure 4 .
  • the subcooling is then substantially constant under conditions of high loads.
  • the upper saturation curve corresponds to the control fluid R218 and the lower saturation curve corresponds to the coolant R134a.
  • the subcooling ⁇ S then represents, for a given pressure, the difference between the temperature corresponding to this pressure on the lower saturation curve and the temperature corresponding to this pressure on the upper saturation curve.
  • a probe may be placed in the bulb 200 to measure the temperature of the control fluid FC and another probe in the first compartment to measure the temperature of the refrigerant fluid FR. It is then possible to calculate the difference between the two temperatures measured at a given instant, which gives the value of the sub-cooling ⁇ S. If the subcooling is too great, it is possible to act on the sub-cooling adjustment screw to increase the opening of the passage section 34.
  • the air conditioning circuit may comprise an accumulator 45 at the outlet of the evaporator or at the inlet of the compressor in order to avoid the thrusts of liquid.
  • an accumulator 45 is not essential to the operation of the air conditioning system according to the invention and is only an additional security.
  • this accumulator may be small, since it is not intended to contain the non-circulating portion of the refrigerant, the latter being treated in the subcooling zone of the condenser.
  • the expander device of the invention thus makes it possible to create a refrigerant pressure drop between the inlet 123 and the outlet 124 while maintaining proper subcooling to ensure proper operation of the air conditioning loop.
  • connection of the expander to the other elements of the circuit can be achieved by a single-tube flange maintained for example by a screw.
  • a connection system is conventionally used in calibrated orifice regulators.
  • the regulating performance provided by this expander device is such that it is not necessary to have a bulky accumulator.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Safety Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Expansionsvorrichtung, die dazu bestimmt ist, in einem Klimatisierungskreislauf installiert zu werden, der mit einem Kühlfluid (FR) arbeitet, und einen Körper enthält, der von dem Kühlfluid unter der Steuerung eines Nadelventils (134) durchquert werden kann,
    wobei die Expansionsvorrichtung außerdem einen Fühler (200) enthält, der mit einem Steuerfluid gefüllt isL, das abhängig von Umgebungsbedingungen einen Steuerdruck auf einen Membran (33) ausübt, wobei die Membran abhängig vom Steuerdruck auf das Nadelventil (134) einwirken kann,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fühler auf der Strecke des Kühlfluids in der Expansionsvorrichtung angeordnet isL.
  2. Expansionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das SLeuerfluid einen Sättigungsdruck höher als der oder gleich dem Sättigungsdruck des Kühlfluids bei gegebener Temperatur hat.
  3. Expansionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Druckabweichung zwischen dem Kühlfluids (FR) und dem Steuerfluid (FC) in einem Temperaturbereich zwischen 10°C und 70°C im Wesentlichen konstant ist.
  4. Expansionsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerfluid das Fluid R218 ist.
  5. Expansionsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 und 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Steuerfluid das Fluid R134a ist.
  6. Expansionsvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper einen Eingang (121), der mit dem Kondensator über einen Kanal zur Aufnahme des Kühlfluids verbunden sein kann, und einen Ausgang enthält, der über einen anderen Kanal mit dem Verdampfer verbunden sein kann, um das Kühlfluid an ihn zu übertragen.
  7. Expansionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Körper ein erstes Abteil, aus dem der Eingang (121) herauskommt, und ein zweites Abteil enthält, aus dem der Ausgang (123) herauskommt, wobei das Kühlfluid vom ersten Abteil zum zweiten Abteil durch eine Öffnung übertragen wird, deren Durchgangsquerschnitt vom Nadelventil (134) angepasst wird.
  8. Expansionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Fühler sich im ersten Ahteil befindet.
  9. Expansionsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Nadelventil (134) sich im ersten AbLeil unter dem Fühler (200) befindet, und dass es eine Steuerstange enthält, die mechanisch mit der Membran verbunden ist, um abhängig von dem vom Steuerfluid auf die Membran (33) ausgeübten Druck translationsbeweglich zu sein.
  10. Klimatisierungskreislauf, der mit einem Kühlfluid arbeitet und einen Verdichter (14), einen Kondensator (11), eine Expansionsvorrichtung (12) und einen Verdampfer (13) enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Expansionsvorrichtung wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert ist, wobei ihr Eingang mit dem Kondensator (11) und ihr Ausgang mit dem Verdampfer (13) verbunden ist.
  11. Kiimatisierungskreislauf nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er einen Akkumulator enthält, der zwischen dem Ausgang des Verdampfers und dem Eingang des Verdichters angeordnet ist.
EP04012017A 2003-05-27 2004-05-21 Entspannungsvorrichtung für Klimakreislauf Expired - Lifetime EP1482259B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0306424 2003-05-27
FR0306424A FR2855596B1 (fr) 2003-05-27 2003-05-27 Dispositif detendeur pour circuit de climatisation

Publications (2)

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EP1482259A1 EP1482259A1 (de) 2004-12-01
EP1482259B1 true EP1482259B1 (de) 2012-10-24

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US (1) US7299654B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1482259B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4676166B2 (de)
FR (1) FR2855596B1 (de)

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Publication number Publication date
US7299654B2 (en) 2007-11-27
FR2855596A1 (fr) 2004-12-03
FR2855596B1 (fr) 2005-08-05
US20040237548A1 (en) 2004-12-02
JP2004354042A (ja) 2004-12-16
JP4676166B2 (ja) 2011-04-27
EP1482259A1 (de) 2004-12-01

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