Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
  • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
  • B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
  • B60H1/00814—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation
  • B60H1/00878—Control systems or circuits characterised by their output, for controlling particular components of the heating, cooling or ventilating installation the components being temperature regulating devices
  • B60H1/00899—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system
  • B60H1/00921—Controlling the flow of liquid in a heat pump system where the flow direction of the refrigerant does not change and there is an extra subcondenser, e.g. in an air duct
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
  • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
  • F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
  • F25B41/24—Arrangement of shut-off valves for disconnecting a part of the refrigerant cycle, e.g. an outdoor part
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
  • F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
  • F25B2313/02732—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two three-way valves
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
  • F25B2500/18—Optimization, e.g. high integration of refrigeration components
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B6/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits
  • F25B6/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several condenser circuits arranged in parallel

Definitions

• Air conditioning loop with solenoid valve and functioning as a heat pump The invention relates to air conditioning loops for a motor vehicle and in particular to air conditioning loops functioning as a heat pump.
• the air conditioning loop In electric motor vehicles, the main source of calories for heating the air of the passenger compartment, namely an internal combustion engine, no longer exists. Indeed, the electric motors of electric vehicles provide only very few calories.
• the air conditioning loop usually used to cool the air in the cabin, is used as a heat pump.
• the calories needed to heat the cabin air are provided by the refrigerant circulating inside the air conditioning loop.
• the compression of the refrigerant fluid by the compressor of the air conditioning loop makes it possible to increase its temperature and to provide calories to the air passing through a radiator located inside a ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system.
• the use of the air conditioning loop for operation as a heat pump requires modifying the refrigerant circulation circuit, adding components such as an outdoor heat exchanger and distribution valves.
• the present invention overcomes these disadvantages by providing an air conditioning loop for a motor vehicle in which a refrigerant circulates, the air conditioning loop being able to function as a heat pump and comprising a compressor, a first solenoid valve connected to the compressor, a radiator and an external heat exchanger, the radiator being connected to the external heat exchanger via a first expansion device and connected to an evaporator via a second expansion device, the evaporator being connected to the compressor , the external heat exchanger being connected to the compressor and the evaporator via a second solenoid valve, characterized in that the external heat exchanger, the first solenoid valve and the second solenoid valve form a unitary piece.
• the unitary nature of the external heat exchanger and the two solenoid valves has the advantage of reducing the number of pipes of the air conditioning loop and thus reducing its cost as well as its bulk.
• the unitary part formed by the external heat exchanger and the two solenoid valves ensures a simplification of the refrigerant circulation circuit inside the air conditioning loop and thus reduces the pressure drop of the refrigerant fluid.
• the pipe connecting the fluid outlet of this exchanger with the fluid inlet of a valve is removed. Since the air-conditioning loop operates either in heat pump mode or cooling mode, this line receives from the external heat exchanger either low-pressure coolant and gaseous state (heat pump mode). , either refrigerant fluid at high pressure and in the liquid state (cooling mode). Consequently, this pipe must be structural adapted to receive fluid at high pressure and low pressure, which implies an additional cost compared to the invention where all pipes are only suitable for a single fluid state. Finally, by eliminating pipes and simplifying the refrigerant circulation circuit, the refrigerant flow is reduced inside the air conditioning loop.
• the first expansion device is integrated with the first solenoid valve.
• the evaporator and the second expansion device form a unitary unit.
• the first and second expansion devices are electronic expansion valves.
• FIG. 1 is a diagram of the air conditioning loop according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a diagram of an alternative embodiment of the air conditioning loop according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 shows an air conditioning loop 1 according to the invention comprising a compressor 2 connected to a first solenoid valve 4 via a high pressure line 6. More specifically, an outlet 2a of the compressor 2 is connected to a high pressure inlet 4a of the first solenoid valve 4.
• High pressure means that the refrigerant fluid is in a high pressure state following compression by the compressor 2.
• the first solenoid valve 4 is connected to a radiator 8, to a first expansion device 12 and to an external heat exchanger 10.
• the first expansion device 12 is an electronic expansion valve.
• the term “electronic expander” means a pressure regulator provided with an expansion orifice whose variation of the passage section is controlled electronically.
• such a regulator also allows to completely close its expansion orifice so as to prohibit any passage of refrigerant through the expander.
• the electronic expansion valve is controlled according to a control law specific to the heat pump mode or the cooling mode.
• a high pressure line 6 connects a high pressure outlet 4b of the first solenoid valve 4 to a high pressure inlet 8a of the radiator 8.
• the radiator 8 Located inside a ventilation system, heating and / or air conditioning 100, the radiator 8 provides the heating the air F towards the passenger compartment of the vehicle not shown.
• the refrigerant leaving the radiator 8 via a high pressure outlet 8b then reaches a high pressure pipe 6 and a second expansion device 20. Allowing the refrigerant to lower its pressure, the second expansion device 20 is an electronic expansion valve.
• the term "electronic expander” means a pressure regulator provided with an expansion orifice whose variation of the passage section is controlled electronically. In addition, such a regulator also allows to completely close its expansion orifice so as to prohibit any passage of refrigerant through the expander.
• the second expansion device 20 is connected to an evaporator 14 cooling the air F and located inside the ventilation system, heating and / or air conditioning 100. To reduce the number of pipes of the air conditioning loop 1, the second expansion device 20 forms with the evaporator 14 a unitary block.
• the refrigerant flowing through the second expansion device 20 reaches the evaporator 14 without circulating through a pipe.
• the second expansion device 20 is directly connected to the evaporator 14. More precisely, a low output pressure of the second expansion device 20 is directly connected to the low pressure inlet of the evaporator 14.
• the evaporator 14 is connected to an accumulator 16, itself connected to an inlet 2b of the compressor 2.
• the fluid connection between the evaporator 14, the accumulator 16 and the compressor 2 is carried out via low pressure lines 18.
• Low pressure means that the fluid passing through these pipes is in a low pressure state due to its expansion through an expansion device.
• the first expansion device 12 In the high pressure outlet 8b of the radiator 8 is also connected the first expansion device 12 via a high pressure line 6.
• This first expansion device 12 is an electronic expansion valve. Integrated directly to the first solenoid valve 4, the first expansion device 12 allows the circulation of refrigerant fluid from the radiator 8 to the external heat exchanger 10.
• the external heat exchanger 10 and the first solenoid valve 4 form a unitary piece.
• the term "unitary" means that the external heat exchanger 10 and the first solenoid valve 4 are inseparable from each other and no ducting is necessary to convey the refrigerant fluid from the first solenoid valve 4 to the external heat exchanger 10.
• the latter 10 comprises a fluid inlet 10a directly connected to an outlet 4c of the first solenoid valve 4.
• the first solenoid valve 4 is structured in the following manner.
• the high-pressure inlet 4a receiving the refrigerant fluid from the compressor 2, is connected to the output 4c, output directly connected to the input 10a of the external heat exchanger 10.
• the first device trigger 12 being an integral part of the first solenoid valve 4, the inlet 12a of the first expansion device 12, connected to the high pressure outlet 8b of the radiator 8, constitutes a fluid inlet of the first solenoid valve 4 separate from the high pressure inlet 4a.
• the first expansion device 12 comprises an output 12b connected to the output 4c of the first solenoid valve 4.
• the high-pressure inlet 4a is also connected to the high-pressure outlet 4b of the first solenoid valve 4.
• the diameters of the connections 4c and 12b will be dimensioned so as to limit the pressure drop at low pressure (heat pump mode). The dimensionality will be consistent with the dimension of the low pressure lines. Similarly, the diameters of the connections 4a and 4b will be sized in accordance with the dimensional of the high pressure lines.
• the first solenoid valve 4 and the first expansion device 12 form a unitary unit.
• the connection between the outlet 12b of the first expansion device 12 and the outlet 4c of the first solenoid valve 4 is not produced by an additional pipe of the type used to connect the radiator 8 to the first solenoid valve 12 or the evaporator 14 to the accumulator 16.
• This connection is made inside the same first solenoid valve 4.
• the connection of the high pressure inlet 4a with the high pressure outlet 4b or with the outlet 4c is performed inside the first solenoid valve 4.
• connection between the high-pressure inlet 4a and the high-pressure outlet 4b is configured so as to withstand the pressure values for a refrigerant fluid under high pressure.
• connection between the output 4c and the output 12b or the high pressure inlet 4a is configured to withstand the pressure values for a high pressure refrigerant.
• the external heat exchanger 10, the first solenoid valve 4 and the first expansion device 12 form a unitary piece. As a result, the heat exchanger external heat 10, the first solenoid valve 4 and the first expansion device 12 are mechanically inseparable.
• the external heat exchanger 10 is located inside the vehicle at the front face. "Outside" means that this heat exchanger is not located inside the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system 100.
• the external heat exchanger 10 comprises an outlet 10b connected to an inlet opening 22a of the second solenoid valve 22.
• the diameters of the outlet 10b and of the inlet 22a will be identical and homogeneous to the low-pressure pipe 18.
• the first solenoid valve 4, this second solenoid valve 22 forms with the external heat exchanger 10 a unitary piece.
• the one-piece assembly formed by the external heat exchanger 10, the first solenoid valve 4, the first expansion device 12 and the second solenoid valve 22 makes it possible to reduce the number of pipes used in the air conditioning loop 1 to ensure either a air conditioning mode is a heat pump mode.
• the direct connection of the two solenoid valves 12, 22 to the external heat exchanger 10 provides a reduction in the number of pipes used in the air conditioning loop 1 greater than in the case where the solenoid valves are connected to another component of this air conditioning loop 1.
• the location of the two solenoid valves 12, 22 on the same side of the outdoor heat exchanger 10 reduces the bulk of the unitary part.
• the second solenoid valve 22 comprises a high pressure outlet 22b (homogeneous diameter to the high pressure line) and a low pressure outlet 22c (homogeneous diameter to the low pressure line).
• the high pressure outlet 22b is connected via a high pressure line 6 to the second expansion device 20.
• the low pressure outlet 22c is connected via a low pressure line 18 to the accumulator 16.
• the second solenoid valve 22 is directly connected to the external heat exchanger 10
• the external heat exchanger 10 the first solenoid valve 4 and the second solenoid valve 22 form a unitary piece.
• the high pressure lines 6 have an internal diameter of between 4 and 8 mm. Preferably, the internal diameter is 6 mm.
• the low pressure lines 18 have an internal diameter of between 10 and 16 mm. Preferably, the low pressure lines have an internal diameter of 12mm.
• the two expansion devices 12, 20 are electronic expansion valves as indicated above.
• the use of electronic expansion valves is preferred to thermostatic expansion valves because the expansion orifice of an electronic expansion valve can be completely closed and thus act as a valve in addition to a regulator role. In this way, it avoids resorting to an additional valve preventing access to certain parts of the air conditioning loop 1 according to its operating mode (normal mode or heat pump).
• the coolant is put under high pressure and high temperature during its passage inside the compressor 2.
• the refrigerant, leaving the compressor 2 reaches the first solenoid valve 4 which is controlled so as to convey all the refrigerant from from compressor 2 to radiator 8.
• all the refrigerant from the high pressure inlet 4a is directed to the high pressure outlet 4b.
• the totality fluid under high pressure from the compressor 2 does not reach the output 4c of the first solenoid valve 4.
• the refrigerant loses its calories in favor of the air F passing through the radiator 8. In fact, the radiator then behaves like a condenser or a gas cooler. In order to avoid that, at the outlet of the radiator 8, the refrigerant reaches the evaporator 14 via the second expansion device 20, the latter 20 is completely closed and prevents any passage of fluid.
• the external heat exchanger 10 behaves as an evaporator in which the refrigerant captures calories from outside air passing through this external heat exchanger 10.
• the second solenoid valve 22 is configured so as to prevent any passage of fluid through the high pressure outlet 22b and to allow all the coolant to flow to the accumulator 16 via the low pressure output 22c. At the outlet of the accumulator 16, the refrigerant flows towards the compressor 2 to begin a new thermodynamic cycle.
• the total closure of the second expansion device 20 ensures the passage of fluid from the second solenoid valve 22 to the evaporator 14.
• the air conditioning loop 1 during a defrost mode will now be explained.
• the outdoor heat exchanger 10 behaves like an evaporator, there is a risk that the water droplets transported by the outside air condense on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 10 and freeze. This implies that the external heat exchanger 10 can no longer be traversed by the outside air and that the heat exchange between the outside air and the coolant no longer occurs.
• the performance of the air conditioning loop 1 are then degraded.
• the first solenoid valve 4 is used so as to distribute the coolant at a time to the radiator 8 and to the external heat exchanger 10.
• the sharing of refrigerant flow rates between the radiator 8 and the heat exchanger external heat 10 makes it possible to record the value of the low pressure in the external heat exchanger 10 to defrost while warming up the cooled air downstream of the evaporator 14.
• the refrigerant fluid under high pressure and at high temperature passes through the outdoor heat exchanger 10 and exchanges its calories with the frosted water on the surface of the outdoor heat exchanger 10.
• the calories transferred to the water allow the transition to the liquid state of this water and finally allow the passage of the outside air through the outdoor heat exchanger 10.
• the coolant reaching the radiator 8 exchanges its calories with the air F to heat it inside the ventilation system, heating and / or air conditioning 100. Then, the refrigerant circulates through the second expansion device 20 and then passes through the evaporator 14. Finally, on leaving the evaporator 14, the refrigerant passes through the accumulator 16 and then returns to the compressor 2.
• the refrigerant flowing through the external heat exchanger 10 passes through the second solenoid valve 22 and exits entirely through the high pressure outlet 22b to reach the second expansion device 20. Then, the refrigerant passes inside the evaporator 14, then the accumulator 16 and returns to the compressor 2.
• the first expansion device 12 is completely closed, thus preventing the passage of coolant from the radiator 8 to the external heat exchanger 10.
• the second solenoid valve 22 is configured to so as to prohibit any passage of fluid through the low pressure outlet 22c to prevent the fluid exiting the outdoor heat exchanger 10 from reaching the accumulator 16.
• the air conditioning loop operates to cool the air F inside the ventilation, heating and / or air conditioning system 100.
• the compressor 2 compresses the refrigerant and sends it to the first solenoid valve 4.
• the latter 4 is configured so as to allow the refrigerant to pass to the external heat exchanger 10 and to prevent passage to the radiator 8.
• the outdoor heat exchanger 10 behaves as a condenser or a gas cooler.
• the refrigerant then passes inside the second solenoid valve 22.
• the latter 22 is configured so as to allow the passage of refrigerant to the second expansion device 20 and prohibit any passage to the accumulator 16.
• the refrigerant While traveling inside the second expansion device 20, the refrigerant is expanded and reaches the evaporator 14 to capture calories in from the air F. Leaving the evaporator 14, the fluid travels to the accumulator 16 and can not reach the external heat exchanger 10 because the low pressure output 22c of the second solenoid valve 22 is completely closed. Leaving the accumulator 16, the refrigerant returns to the compressor 2.
• the first expansion device 12 is completely closed and the first solenoid valve 4 is configured to prohibit any passage of refrigerant through the high pressure outlet 4b.
• the refrigerant passes through the compressor 2 to reach a state of high pressure and then flows through the first solenoid valve 4.
• the latter 4 is configured to allow all the refrigerant to move towards the radiator 8.
• the refrigerant discharges its calories by passing inside the radiator 8 and arrives at the second expansion device 20 in which it undergoes relaxation. Then, the coolant captures calories from the air F by traveling the evaporator 14 and then travels to the accumulator 16 and finally returns to the compressor 2.
• the first expansion device 12 is completely closed in order to prevent access to the refrigerant leaving the radiator 8 to the external heat exchanger 10.
• the first solenoid valve 4 is also configured to prohibit any passage of refrigerant to the outlet 4c.
• the high pressure 22b and low pressure 22c outputs of the second solenoid valve 22 are completely closed in order to prohibit a return of refrigerant to the external heat exchanger 10 through the second solenoid valve 22.
• FIG. 2 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the air conditioning loop according to the invention.
• the air conditioning loop comprises an internal heat exchanger 24.
• This internal heat exchanger 24 allows a heat exchange between the high-pressure refrigerant and the low-pressure refrigerant.
• This internal heat exchanger 24 makes it possible to improve the coefficient of performance of the air conditioning loop 1.
• the internal heat exchanger 24 comprises a low pressure inlet 24a receiving refrigerant from the evaporator 14 and a low pressure outlet 24b connected to the accumulator 16.
• the internal heat exchanger comprises a high pressure inlet 24c receiving fluid from the high pressure outlet 22b of the second solenoid valve 22 and a high pressure outlet 24d connected to the second device. relaxation 20.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
• Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2010
  • 2010-11-19 FR FR1004504A patent/FR2967760B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2011
  • 2011-11-15 US US13/988,185 patent/US9194614B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-11-15 EP EP11781823.7A patent/EP2641037A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2011-11-15 JP JP2013539226A patent/JP5819433B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2011-11-15 WO PCT/EP2011/070110 patent/WO2012065972A1/fr active Application Filing

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