EP1475143A2 - Dispositif pour disperser ou homogénéiser - Google Patents

Dispositif pour disperser ou homogénéiser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1475143A2
EP1475143A2 EP04007370A EP04007370A EP1475143A2 EP 1475143 A2 EP1475143 A2 EP 1475143A2 EP 04007370 A EP04007370 A EP 04007370A EP 04007370 A EP04007370 A EP 04007370A EP 1475143 A2 EP1475143 A2 EP 1475143A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pump
dispersing
line
tool
homogenizing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04007370A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1475143B1 (fr
EP1475143A8 (fr
EP1475143A3 (fr
Inventor
Jörg Gassenschmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IKA Werke GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
IKA Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IKA Werke GmbH and Co KG filed Critical IKA Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL04007370T priority Critical patent/PL1475143T3/pl
Publication of EP1475143A2 publication Critical patent/EP1475143A2/fr
Publication of EP1475143A8 publication Critical patent/EP1475143A8/fr
Publication of EP1475143A3 publication Critical patent/EP1475143A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1475143B1 publication Critical patent/EP1475143B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
    • B01F27/81—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis the stirrers having central axial inflow and substantially radial outflow
    • B01F27/811—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis the stirrers having central axial inflow and substantially radial outflow with the inflow from one side only, e.g. stirrers placed on the bottom of the receptacle, or used as a bottom discharge pump
    • B01F27/8111—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis the stirrers having central axial inflow and substantially radial outflow with the inflow from one side only, e.g. stirrers placed on the bottom of the receptacle, or used as a bottom discharge pump the stirrers co-operating with stationary guiding elements, e.g. surrounding stators or intermeshing stators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/50—Mixing liquids with solids
    • B01F23/53—Mixing liquids with solids using driven stirrers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/50—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle
    • B01F25/53—Circulation mixers, e.g. wherein at least part of the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle in which the mixture is discharged from and reintroduced into a receptacle through a recirculation tube, into which an additional component is introduced
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B01F35/7544—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
    • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
    • B01F35/75455—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using a rotary discharge means, e.g. a screw beneath the receptacle

Definitions

  • a structurally comparable device is made DE 196 29 945 A1 and has proven itself. But it is centrally a dry matter or free-flowing solid and from the side fed concentrically liquid and from it first with the help of mixing tools pumpable mixture formed in this form the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool is forwarded.
  • a high viscosity material with sufficient fluidity for example, a cream, a Tooth gel or a substance with a honey-like consistency be understood.
  • the above defined device characterized in that in Feeding direction of the substance at a distance before the dispersing and / or Homogenizing tool and in front of the mouth of the Supply line is arranged at least one pump whose Pump pressure in the flow direction in the area of the mouth of the Feed less than the suction pressure of the dispersing and / or Homogenizing tool is.
  • the viscosity can when starting the device and thus during a appropriate process change, for example, if to and after certain thickening or diluting the pump and Flowable material, for example, before entering the Pump are added, that is the means for Change or reduce the cross section of the supply line especially in a startup phase of the device or performed by this device Process be helpful.
  • the result behind the Homogenizer in its viscosity fluctuate, so too therefore a throttling or enlargement of the Cross section of the supply line and thus the amount of pumpable material may be appropriate to a desired To be able to adjust the final result.
  • a further embodiment of the invention can therein exist that the device for changing the cross section the supply line is designed as a shut-off device and that between the pump and the means for changing the Cross-section of the supply line, in particular a return line is branched into the container.
  • the supply line can not only in its cross section changed, but also closed completely.
  • this is especially useful if the pumpable and flowable substance from the container back into this be pumped back to, for example, this substance, which may contain several components, initially better Premix before being fed to the homogenizer and before entering the homogenizer with one or more Additives is brought together.
  • this one has Arrangement with a shut-off device and at least one Return line the advantage that the device is good can be cleaned by using the pump pumped corresponding cleaning fluid and in the Container as high as possible or even over there provided spray heads is initiated.
  • an outlet line in particular, in the container in front of the pump can be traced back. This makes it possible for the Starting material from the container gradually more and more with mixed with one or more additives and over again is returned until a desired total mixture is made, which also has a corresponding degree Has homogeneity.
  • recirculating outlet line may be a filling line or Filling fitting to be provided, which has a fitting, For example, a three-way cock, with the outlet and Return line can be connected.
  • the outlet pipe can be located in the directly behind the pump Outgoing return line open and at the mouth can be a Shut-off valve, in particular in the form of a three-way stopcock be arranged.
  • a part of the return line both for returning the pumpable material before his Entry into the homogenizer as well as with one Add additive mixed and homogenized substance serve.
  • the suction effect of the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool can by at least one in the conveying direction behind this tool and / or at the entrance to this tool arranged and in particular connected to the tool Be reinforced pump impeller. This is especially true of Advantage, if the pumpable substance and / or the additives have a high viscosity.
  • At least one stirring tool be arranged in the conveying direction before the pump can in the container. This allows the Premix of the pumpable and flowable substance, often itself already a mixture of several components, before the Entry into the pump can be improved.
  • the container is vertical above the pump and the pump vertically above the Dispersing and / or homogenizing tool are arranged and if the supply line and the supply line in the area before the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool, ie especially in the area of their concentric arrangement, downwards.
  • the supply line and the supply line in the area before the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool, ie especially in the area of their concentric arrangement, downwards.
  • the feed line for the additive may be before her Concentric to the supply line arranged side be a leader in this field.
  • this can Supply line to the container as close as possible, with vertical Arrangement as close as possible below the container to her run concentric area.
  • the mouth of the supply line in the supply line can on Entry into the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool be provided.
  • the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool may be a rotor-stator device in particular with several rotor sprockets and / or stator rings in concentric arrangement to each other. A correspondingly intensive homogenizing effect is possible.
  • a Device used separately or in piping can be installed. It can be beneficial in mixed and Emulsifying plants are used and preferably one Mixing tank with central floor drain, which has to the Pump leads.
  • an external circulation line the in the bottom outlet is led out of the container and laterally into a riser in the upper part of the Recycle vessel and enhance the mixing action a good cleaning can be used.
  • the arrangement of the Homogenizing and / or dispersing in one Circulation line, which leads back into the container allows a more effective and intensive dispersion or Homogenization of the mix and allows additional Functions such as pumping and, above all, circulating the mixed material and later a cleaning medium.
  • a designated as a whole with 1 device is used for Dispersing and / or homogenizing and suggests to do so all recognizable in Figure 2 dispersing and / or homogenizing 2, hereinafter also “homogenizer” 2 or optionally called “tool” 2, on.
  • Homogenizer 2 can be a pumpable and flowable substance or a corresponding pumpable mixture with at least one additive are mixed.
  • the pumpable substance is a container, in the embodiment of a container 3, according to Fig.1 and 2 can also be double-walled, at least in some areas, the homogenizer 2 via a supply line 4, the Embodiment at least partially a pumping chamber is, zuleitbar.
  • a Supply line 5 is provided in the supply line 4 before the Tool 2 opens, the supply line 5 and the Feed line 4 at least in the area of the mouth 6 and in front run concentric to each other. This arrangement detects one particularly clear in Fig.2.
  • the impeller especially in Fig.2 clearly below a bottom outlet 8a of the container 3 can be seen.
  • the downward in the exemplary embodiment pump pressure in Flow direction is in the region of the mouth 6 of Feed line 5 less than the suction pressure of the dispersing and / or Homogenizing tool 2, so even at high Viscosity of the flow of the substance not in front of this mouth 6 can tear off, that is by this measure is ensured that at the mouth 6 from the container. 3 coming material even at high viscosity in a desired Quantity flows to order with an appropriate amount of Add together and then mixed and / or to be homogenized.
  • shut-off device 8 allows an adaptation different viscosities of this substance, either can occur during the process itself or else must be taken into account when using the device 1 successively different substances are treated.
  • the concentrically arranged supply line 4 and Feed line 5 with its area 5a are also concentric with the sealed shaft passing through 10 arranged and by a shaft enclosing shaft sleeve 15 separated from this.
  • a Outlet line 16 is provided, the course mainly in Fig.1 is shown.
  • the Outlet line 16 in the manner to be described in the Container 3 returned before the pump 7. It is at the in the container 3 recirculating outlet 16 a Filling line 17 provided with filling fitting 18, so that about this armature 18, for example, a three-way cock, the Filling line 17 with the outlet or return line. 9 connected, which in still to be described manner with the Outlet line 16 is connected or this to a Part forms.
  • the for the uniform feeding of the substance and the Additive important suction effect of the dispersing and / or Homogenizing 2 is in the embodiment by one in the conveying direction behind this tool 2 and an am Input in this tool 2 arranged pump blades 20 and 21 reinforced.
  • the container or the container 3 is located vertically above the pump 7 and the pump 7 is located in turn vertically above the homogenizer 2, so that the Feed line 4 and the concentric region 5a of the feed line 5 in the area before the homogenizer 2 down are directed so that the carriage of the substance to the Homogenizer 2 is supported by gravity what especially advantageous for substances of high viscosity.
  • the supply 5 is in front of her concentric to the Feed line 4 arranged region 5a laterally to this Area 5a leading trained, so that they save space can run below the container 3.
  • Fig.1 one recognizes a filling or metering funnel 23, through which an additive can be introduced into the supply line 5.
  • the mouth 6 of the supply line 5 and their concentric region 5a in the supply line 4 is immediate at the entrance to the dispersing and / or homogenizing tool 2 provided in order to make the best possible use of its suction.
  • This dispersing and / or homogenizing tool 2 is included a rotor-stator device with multiple rotor sprockets and Stator sprockets in concentric arrangement to correspondingly to work effectively.
  • shut-off device 8 If this shut-off device 8 is only partially closed and used as a throttle, which is coming from the pump 7 Flow rate throttled. You can do the throttling like that Choose the pumping action or the suction effect of the subsequent homogenizer greater than that of the pump. 7 becomes. This creates a negative pressure between the homogenizer 2 and pump 7, which then at the inlet for the additive is applied. By opening a provided there valve 24 can the additive is sucked out of the feed hopper 23, which are liquid or powdery substances can act. Apply vacuum or vacuum on Mixing tank 3 is not required, but can the Further improve suction performance.
  • the device 1 has a dispersing and / or Homogenizing 2 and on the same shaft 10 a pump 7, whereby a pumpable substance from a container, in particular a container 3 or a pipe, the Dispersing and / or homogenizing 2 is zulistbar.
  • This substance can be used in the dispersing and homogenizing tool 2 are mixed with an additive by a Feed line 5 and a concentric to the feed line. 4 arranged area 5a to a mouth 6 in front of the Dispersing and homogenizing 2 passes.
  • a pump pressure in the range of this Mouth 6 is lower than the suction pressure of the tool 2.
  • a device for changing or reducing the Cross section of this supply line 4 that is arranged a throttle be, which is preferably designed as a shut-off device 8, to complete the supply line 4 completely.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
EP04007370A 2003-05-09 2004-03-26 Dispositif pour disperser ou homogénéiser Expired - Lifetime EP1475143B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04007370T PL1475143T3 (pl) 2003-05-09 2004-03-26 Urządzenie do dyspergowania i/lub homogenizowania

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10320739A DE10320739B3 (de) 2003-05-09 2003-05-09 Vorrichtung zum Dispergieren und/oder Homogenisieren
DE10320739 2003-05-09

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1475143A2 true EP1475143A2 (fr) 2004-11-10
EP1475143A8 EP1475143A8 (fr) 2005-01-19
EP1475143A3 EP1475143A3 (fr) 2005-07-06
EP1475143B1 EP1475143B1 (fr) 2006-06-21

Family

ID=32981295

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04007370A Expired - Lifetime EP1475143B1 (fr) 2003-05-09 2004-03-26 Dispositif pour disperser ou homogénéiser

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7325966B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1475143B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE330698T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10320739B3 (fr)
DK (1) DK1475143T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2266943T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL1475143T3 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005007175A1 (de) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Knape, Sandra Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Homogenisieren
FR2929133A1 (fr) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-02 Vmi Sa Dispositif de melange comprenant un conduit d'amenee de particules debouchant dans la zone de turbulences
DE102008045820A1 (de) * 2008-09-05 2010-04-08 Axel Wittek Übergangselemente zum Überleiten einer Dispersion bei der Behandlung in einer Rotor-Stator-Dispergiermaschine
EP3202489A3 (fr) * 2016-01-14 2017-12-20 symex GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif mélangeur et/ou de pompage destiné à acheminer, homogénéiser et/ou disperser des produits coulant
CN107816421A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-20 项达章 一种混合泵
CN112354457A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-02-12 安徽飞达消防设备工程有限公司 一种消防喷头用液体搅拌机
WO2023144015A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-03 Ekato Systems Gmbh Appareil, système et procédé d'homogénéisation et/ou de dispersion de substances fluides

Families Citing this family (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004040446A1 (de) * 2004-08-20 2006-03-09 A. Berents Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Mischen eines fließfähigen Produkts und eines insbesondere pulverförmigen Zuschlagstoffes
FR2877333B1 (fr) * 2004-11-02 2007-09-07 Snpe Materiaux Energetiques Sa Procede et dispositif de preparation d'une pate de propergol de type composite
DE102005017075A1 (de) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Ekato Unimix Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren und/oder Dispergieren fliessfähiger Stoffe
US20110235460A1 (en) * 2005-07-22 2011-09-29 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus to optimize the mixing process
DE202005018432U1 (de) 2005-11-23 2006-08-24 Frymakoruma Ag Homogenisator-Vorrichtung mit gegenläufig rotierbaren Zahnkränzen
DE202006008820U1 (de) * 2006-06-03 2006-08-17 Frymakoruma Ag Homogenisator-Vorrichtung mit horizotal gelagerten Zahnkränzen
JP5222183B2 (ja) * 2009-03-03 2013-06-26 正夫 金井 連続式乾燥装置
FR2970879B1 (fr) * 2011-01-31 2013-02-15 Vmi Dispositif de melange
DK2574396T3 (da) 2011-09-30 2014-08-25 Alfa Laval Corp Ab Apparat til blanding og pumpning
CN105854680A (zh) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-17 范绍玉 一种机械工程用搅拌装置

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US3940115A (en) * 1971-08-06 1976-02-24 Manfred Zipperer Emulsifying and dispersing apparatus
WO1993010665A1 (fr) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-10 Niro A/S Procede de production d'une emulsion huileuse et appareil pour sa mise en ×uvre
DE19916053A1 (de) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-12 Vakumix Ruehr Und Homogenisier Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren fließfähiger Stoffe
EP1155733A1 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-21 Vakumix Rühr- und Homogenisiertechnik Aktiengesellschaft Homogénéisateur pour la production de produits coulables
EP1197260A1 (fr) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-17 Vakumix Rühr- und Homogenisiertechnik Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'homogénéisation des matériaux fluides

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DK174688B1 (da) * 2001-06-12 2003-09-15 Scanima As Homogeniseringsmaskine til behandling af produkter, der skal homogeniseres, især næringsmidler, hvori der indgår mejeriprodukter
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DE59807124D1 (de) 1998-08-25 2003-03-13 Vakumix Ruehr Und Homogenisier Homogenisator mit Schutzvorrichtung auf dem Rotor
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DE10139413B4 (de) * 2001-08-17 2004-02-05 Netzsch-Feinmahltechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Mischen und Dispergieren von pulverförmigen feinst- bis grobkörnigen Substanzen mit mindestens einer Flüssigkeit
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Patent Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1140440B (de) * 1957-11-06 1962-11-29 Forsch Inst Professor Ing Chem Zerkleinerungs-, Ruehr- und Mischvorrichtung
US3940115A (en) * 1971-08-06 1976-02-24 Manfred Zipperer Emulsifying and dispersing apparatus
WO1993010665A1 (fr) * 1991-12-03 1993-06-10 Niro A/S Procede de production d'une emulsion huileuse et appareil pour sa mise en ×uvre
DE19916053A1 (de) * 1999-04-09 2000-10-12 Vakumix Ruehr Und Homogenisier Vorrichtung zum Homogenisieren fließfähiger Stoffe
EP1155733A1 (fr) * 2000-05-19 2001-11-21 Vakumix Rühr- und Homogenisiertechnik Aktiengesellschaft Homogénéisateur pour la production de produits coulables
EP1197260A1 (fr) * 2000-10-11 2002-04-17 Vakumix Rühr- und Homogenisiertechnik Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'homogénéisation des matériaux fluides

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005007175A1 (de) * 2005-02-16 2006-08-17 Knape, Sandra Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Homogenisieren
FR2929133A1 (fr) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-02 Vmi Sa Dispositif de melange comprenant un conduit d'amenee de particules debouchant dans la zone de turbulences
WO2009122021A1 (fr) 2008-03-31 2009-10-08 Vmi Ensemble de melange, et procede de fabrication d'une reparation utilisant ledit ensemble
US8960993B2 (en) 2008-03-31 2015-02-24 Vmi Blender assembly for producing a vacuum inside a vat and method for dispensing particles therein
US8820796B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2014-09-02 Axel Wittek Transitional elements for the transfer of dispersions during processing in a rotor-stator dispersion machine
EP2572777A1 (fr) * 2008-09-05 2013-03-27 Axel Wittek Moyen de sortie pour disperseur à rotor-stator
WO2010025913A3 (fr) * 2008-09-05 2010-07-15 Axel Wittek Elément de transfert servant à transférer une dispersion lors du traitement dans un disperseur à rotor-stator
DE102008045820A1 (de) * 2008-09-05 2010-04-08 Axel Wittek Übergangselemente zum Überleiten einer Dispersion bei der Behandlung in einer Rotor-Stator-Dispergiermaschine
US9249910B2 (en) 2008-09-05 2016-02-02 Axel Wittek Transitional elements for the transfer of dispersions during processing in a rotor-stator dispersion machine
EP3202489A3 (fr) * 2016-01-14 2017-12-20 symex GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif mélangeur et/ou de pompage destiné à acheminer, homogénéiser et/ou disperser des produits coulant
CN107816421A (zh) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-20 项达章 一种混合泵
CN112354457A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-02-12 安徽飞达消防设备工程有限公司 一种消防喷头用液体搅拌机
WO2023144015A1 (fr) * 2022-01-26 2023-08-03 Ekato Systems Gmbh Appareil, système et procédé d'homogénéisation et/ou de dispersion de substances fluides

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1475143T3 (da) 2006-10-23
DE502004000796D1 (de) 2006-08-03
EP1475143B1 (fr) 2006-06-21
DE10320739B3 (de) 2004-10-21
PL1475143T3 (pl) 2006-11-30
EP1475143A8 (fr) 2005-01-19
US20040223407A1 (en) 2004-11-11
ES2266943T3 (es) 2007-03-01
US7325966B2 (en) 2008-02-05
EP1475143A3 (fr) 2005-07-06
ATE330698T1 (de) 2006-07-15

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