EP1472407A1 - Verwendung von ethoxylierten fetts uren als gl ttemitte l f r synthetische und nat rliche fasern - Google Patents
Verwendung von ethoxylierten fetts uren als gl ttemitte l f r synthetische und nat rliche fasernInfo
- Publication number
- EP1472407A1 EP1472407A1 EP03704478A EP03704478A EP1472407A1 EP 1472407 A1 EP1472407 A1 EP 1472407A1 EP 03704478 A EP03704478 A EP 03704478A EP 03704478 A EP03704478 A EP 03704478A EP 1472407 A1 EP1472407 A1 EP 1472407A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- fibers
- wool
- compounds
- smoothing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 title description 23
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 title description 23
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 title description 23
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 title description 20
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 pH regulators Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 102000011782 Keratins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010076876 Keratins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004417 unsaturated alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009960 carding Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000003963 intermediate filament Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)COCC(O)CO AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000002198 Annona diversifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- GEHJBWKLJVFKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromochloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)Br GEHJBWKLJVFKPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIOLDWZBFABPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isotridecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SIOLDWZBFABPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N petroselinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M (2r)-2-ethylhexanoate Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](CC)C([O-])=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-SSDOTTSWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-WPOADVJFSA-N (9Z,11E,13E)-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid Chemical compound CCCC\C=C\C=C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O CUXYLFPMQMFGPL-WPOADVJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12Z-octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282832 Camelidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003299 Eltex® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020112 Hirsutism Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DWPCPZJAHOETAG-IMJSIDKUSA-N L-lanthionine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSC[C@H](N)C(O)=O DWPCPZJAHOETAG-IMJSIDKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282838 Lama Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282842 Lama glama Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282852 Lama guanicoe Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Petroselaidic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000007962 Type II Keratins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010089374 Type II Keratins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001416177 Vicugna pacos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282840 Vicugna vicugna Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-ethylcaproic acid Natural products CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000077 angora Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004755 animal textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000000085 cashmere Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003855 cell nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2,2-dioctyl-3-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CCCCCCCCC(C([O-])=O)(C(C([O-])=O)S(O)(=O)=O)CCCCCCCC YHAIUSTWZPMYGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N gadoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- DWPCPZJAHOETAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso-lanthionine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CSCC(N)C(O)=O DWPCPZJAHOETAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000050 mohair Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011492 sheep wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009988 textile finishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002110 toxicologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000027 toxicology Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/224—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic acid
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M7/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made of other substances with subsequent freeing of the treated goods from the treating medium, e.g. swelling, e.g. polyolefins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/10—Animal fibres
- D06M2101/12—Keratin fibres or silk
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/32—Polyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/20—Treatment influencing the crease behaviour, the wrinkle resistance, the crease recovery or the ironing ease
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates on the one hand to the use of certain ethoxylated fatty acids as smoothing agents for synthetic and natural fibers and to smoothing agents which contain such ethoxylated fatty acids and to a process for smoothing synthetic or natural fibers,
- Natural and synthetic staple fibers which are generally processed for the production of sliver, yarn or textile fabrics, require so-called smoothing agents that process the fiber material as gently as possible in the process stages of cleaning, opening, mixing, carding, stretching, combing, combing, spinning, weaving , Twisting, embroidery and needling.
- smoothing agents that process the fiber material as gently as possible in the process stages of cleaning, opening, mixing, carding, stretching, combing, combing, spinning, weaving , Twisting, embroidery and needling.
- the textile fiber material is exposed to high mechanical stress, which can lead to a shortening of the fibers and thus to a reduction in yield.
- the shortening of the fibers has a significant negative impact on the quality characteristics of the manufactured product (e.g. carding or card sliver, stretch belt, sliver, roving, yarn, twine, fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven).
- the quality characteristics of the manufactured product e.g. carding or card sliver, stretch belt, sliver, roving, yarn, twine, fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven.
- short fibers cause a poorer yield and a lower efficiency of the machines involved in the textile manufacturing process, a larger volume of waste, e.g. B.
- connections should be easy to wash out and should not contain any resinous components that stick or even damage the fibers.
- agents sought should of course also meet all other requirements placed on smoothing agents. These include resistance to oxidative stress, biodegradability, toxicological compatibility but also good wettability to enable the agents to be evenly distributed on the fibers. However, since the smoothing agents are only used for certain process steps, they must be easy to wash off as completely as possible after use.
- R represents a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl or alkylene radical having 5 to 21 carbon atoms and n is a number from 0.5 to 1.5, are dissolved as smoothing agents for synthetic and natural fibers.
- the compounds of formula (I) used according to the invention are known ethoxylated fatty acids. According to the invention, however, these are characterized by a low degree of ethoxylation and at the same time show a restricted homolog distribution.
- the production of these products is described, for example, in WO 98/25878, where, according to the teaching of this document, fatty acids are reacted with ethylene oxide in the presence of alkanolamines at elevated temperatures, preferably at 120 to 180 ° C. and, if appropriate, increased pressure.
- Fatty acids are to be understood as meaning aliphatic carboxylic acids of the formula (II)
- R ' is an aliphatic, linear or branched alkyl or alkylene radical having 5 to 21, preferably 11 to 17 carbon atoms and 0 and / or 1, 2 or 3 double bonds.
- Typical examples are caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid,
- Isotridecanoic acid myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, Elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid and their technical mixtures, which are used, for example, in the pressure splitting of natural fats and oils, in the reduction of aldehydes from Roelen's oxosynthesis or the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids attack.
- Technical fatty acids with a total of 12 to 18 carbon atoms, such as, for example, coconut, palm, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids or mixtures thereof, are preferred.
- Typical examples of alkanolamines which can be used as basic catalysts are monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and preferably triethanolamine.
- the alkanolamines are usually used in amounts of 0.1 to 3, preferably 0.5 to 1.5,% by weight, based on the fatty acids.
- the ethoxylation itself can be carried out in a manner known per se.
- the ethoxylated fatty acids of formula (I) used according to the invention are preferably selected so that in formula (I) R represents an at least monounsaturated alkylene radical.
- R in formula (I) is a monounsaturated alkylene radical having 17 carbon atoms. It is an ethoxylated oleic acid containing 0.5 to 1.5 moles of EO per mole of fatty acid. In this case, a compound which has exactly 1 mol of EO per mol of fatty acid is particularly preferred.
- the compounds of the formula (I) are preferably used as smoothing agents for keratin fibers, in particular for wool.
- wool is sheep wool (abbreviation: WO), i.e. H. the 5-30 cm long hair of the domestic sheep with its different breeds (example: Merino).
- wool As a protein fiber, wool (sheep's wool) mainly consists of keratins, which are among the ski protein, density of wool: 1.32. The water absorption at 21 ° C is 15-17%, the swelling value 40-45%. When moving in boiling water, the wool fibers become matted. H. they can be walked and processed into felt. Wool is stable up to approx. 150 ° C in a dry atmosphere, decomposition occurs at 250 ° C,
- Macrofibrils cell nucleus residues and cell membrane - it supplies the lipid portion of wool (approx. 1%) - form the cortex cell.
- the plate-shaped cells of the cuticle or scale cover overlap around the cortex or fiber trunk.
- the structure of the wool corresponds to that described under hair, which is basically the same for human and animal hair.
- high-quality new wool as wool obtained from living sheep by shearing, sterling wool (from dead sheep), skin or fur wool (from slaughtered animals, depending on the fur treatment between sweat, and enzyme wool is differentiated) and tannin wool (wool from tannery), see also DIN 60004: 1974-11.
- tearing wool is wool recovered from old material.
- the cleaned wool is processed on worsted (slightly wavy, 170-550 mm long) or on carded yarn (heavily crimped, 36-250 mm long).
- the diameter (fineness) of the wool fiber whereby 10 degrees of fineness are differentiated between AAAA wool ( ⁇ 17 ⁇ m) and F wool (> 60 ⁇ m).
- Products made of "pure wool” must consist of approximately 95%, those of "wool” approximately 62% of pure sheep's wool. The proportion of the latter in "wool blends" must be about 51-70%.
- the wool can also be subjected to certain textile finishing, such as milling, carbonizing, chlorination or bleaching (Harris process).
- the compounds of the formula (I) as smoothing agents for synthetic fibers, preferably polyester fibers.
- This also includes mixtures of polyester or other synthetic fibers with natural fibers, preferably keratin fibers and in particular wool.
- the use of the compounds of the formula (I) as a smoothing agent for polyester / wool blends is particularly preferred, wool being predominantly present here, preferably 70 to 80%, while the rest is 100% polyester fibers or other suitable fibers.
- the present invention also relates to the use of compounds of the formula (I) as lubricants for the production of sliver.
- the compounds of the formula (I) can be used in various ways within the meaning of the present invention. On the one hand, they can be sprayed as such onto the fibers to be smoothed or applied in another way, and on the other hand, and this is preferred, they can be used in the form of ready-made smoothing agents.
- such prepared smoothing agents contain at least one further co-component, namely emulsifiers, as lubricants, it being preferred that the compounds of the formula (I) in a mixture with emulsifiers in a weight ratio of 99: 1 to 30: 70 are available. Both individual components and preferably mixtures of different emulsifiers can be used. Preferred proportions are in the range from 80:20 to 60:40 (compounds of the formula (I): emulsifiers).
- the emulsifiers in the smoothing agents according to the invention can be nonionic, anionic and cationic emulsifiers.
- partial esters of di- and / or triglycerol such as triglycerol monooleate, alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated and / or propoxylated fats, oils, Cs-22 fatty acids, Cs ⁇ fatty alcohols and / or C8-22 fatty acid mono- and / or -diethanolamides, such as optionally ethoxylated oleic acid mono- or diethanolamide, alkoxylated, preferably ethoxylated C8-22 fatty acids, the OH group of which is replaced by a d-4-alkoxy group, alkali and / or ammonium salts of C8-22 alkyl sulfonates, alkali and / or Ammonium salts of C8-22 alkyl sulfosuccinates such as sodium di
- R '" is an alkyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms and m is a number from 1 to 10. It may furthermore be advantageous to use mixtures of different emulsifiers.
- nonionic with anionic emulsifiers are used used together with other auxiliaries, in particular pH regulators, as a package.
- Fatty acid methyl esters and in particular those fatty acid methyl esters of vegetable origin can preferably be used as additional lubricants for the assembled smoothing agents. These are described, for example, in DE 198 47 497 A1 by the applicant.
- fatty acid methyl esters or other suitable lubricants and the compounds of the formula (I) are used in combination, it has proven advantageous to use them in a ratio of preferably 2: 1 to 1: 5.
- Quantity ratios of other smoothing agents to compounds of formula (I) of 1: 1 to 1: 3 are preferably used.
- Typical mixtures contain, for example, 20 to 80% by weight of the smoothing agent of the formula (I) according to the invention and the remainder on 100% methyl ester according to the disclosure of DE 198 47 497 AI. It can also be advantageous if the compounds of the formula (I) are in the there is a quantitative excess to other smoothing agents.
- the made-up smoothing agents according to the invention contain the emulsifiers in total in amounts of 1 to 70% by weight and the compound of formula (I) and, if appropriate, further lubricants in amounts of 30 to 99% by weight and, if appropriate, further ingredients. It can also be advantageous that the made-up smoothing agents still contain water. Of course, this is especially true when the smoothing agents are formulated in the form of aqueous emulsions.
- antistatic agents, preservatives, pH regulators or anti-foaming agents are to be mentioned in particular and preferably. However, these can also be added separately during the wool treatment.
- triglycerides such as the higher-viscosity rapeseed oil or polymeric compounds can be used as viscosity generators, ie to increase the viscosity of the melt.
- Spooling oils are known from German patent DE 39 36 975 which contain fatty alcohol polymethacrylates to prevent the spooling oil from spraying.
- German published patent application DE 39 24 160 describes additives with carboxyl-free homopolymers and / or copolymers of esters of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid with intrinsic viscosities [ ⁇ ] of at least 300, preferably 800 ml g-1, measured at 20 ° C. in tetrahydrofuran, known.
- the specified intrinsic viscosities [ ⁇ ] are customary in the art and are described, for example, in Vollmert, “Floor Plan of Macromolecular Chemistry”, Volume III, pages 55 to 61, published by E. Vollmert, Düsseldorf 1982. and / or to improve the adhesiveness of oils and / or fats.
- the lubricants according to the invention are produced in a manner known per se by mixing the specified constituents in the stated amounts at temperatures between 18 and 25 ° C. in any order.
- Another object of the present application relates to a method for smoothing synthetic or natural fibers, wherein the fiber compounds of formula (I) in amounts of 0.01 to 15 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 12 wt .-% and in particular from 0.1 to 5.0% by weight, based on the fiber weight.
- the application is carried out in all ways known to the person skilled in the art, preferably by spraying on before carding.
- the method according to the invention is particularly preferred when it comes to smoothing wool fibers. In this case, too, it has proven advantageous to use mixtures of wool and other fibers, preferably polyester fiber.
- the method according to the invention or the use of the ethoxylated fatty acid advertised according to the invention leads on the one hand to improved smoothness of the finished material. This can be used to control the machines involved in further processing. B. to let the cards work at maximum speed without causing undesirable substrate damage. Furthermore, it is possible to increase the yield while the processing speed remains the same. Furthermore, the use of the ethoxylated fatty acids, preferably in combination with animal or vegetable methyl esters, leads to significantly improved protection of the finished fibers against electrostatic charging in the process steps of carding / carding and stretching, combing, spinning, twisting or needling. This can be used, for example, to the effect that the wool can be dried more strongly after washing, which consequently leads to an improved excretion of vegetable wool impurities in the carding process without the occurrence of disruptive electrostatic charges.
- the use of the ethoxylated fatty acid esters according to the invention can lead to an improvement in the economy of the entire manufacturing process.
- the roving yield by, for example, 0.3%
- the sales volume of roving by a medium-sized roving manufacturer is improved by 30,000 kg per year.
- a smoothing agent according to the invention was produced from the following components:
- This agent was compared with a smoothing agent of the same composition, but only vegetable fatty acid methyl esters (mixture of coconut / palm kernel / palm oil fatty acid methyl ester according to Example 2 in DE 19847497) were present.
- the comparative product of the prior art reached 8.8%, while the agent according to the invention achieved the value 8.2%.
- the value of 110 volts was reached for the comparison product during carding belt charging, while a value of 77 volts could be achieved with the agent according to the invention.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10204808 | 2002-02-06 | ||
| DE10204808A DE10204808A1 (de) | 2002-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Verwendung von ethoxylierten Fettsäuren als Glättemittel für synthetische und natürliche Fasern |
| PCT/EP2003/000816 WO2003066958A1 (de) | 2002-02-06 | 2003-01-28 | Verwendung von ethoxylierten fettsäuren als glättemittel für synthetische und natürliche fasern |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1472407A1 true EP1472407A1 (de) | 2004-11-03 |
Family
ID=27588402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03704478A Withdrawn EP1472407A1 (de) | 2002-02-06 | 2003-01-28 | Verwendung von ethoxylierten fetts uren als gl ttemitte l f r synthetische und nat rliche fasern |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060038157A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1472407A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1628194A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2003206786B9 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR0307439A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10204808A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2003066958A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3639235A (en) * | 1968-03-06 | 1972-02-01 | Witco Chemical Corp | Antistatic carding lubricant |
| CH1203269D (de) * | 1968-08-09 | |||
| US3907689A (en) * | 1973-08-29 | 1975-09-23 | Eastman Kodak Co | Textile treating composition and textile yarn treated therewith |
| DE2528734C3 (de) * | 1975-06-27 | 1978-09-14 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Präparationsmittel für das Texturieren von Polyesterfasern |
| DE2621881C2 (de) * | 1976-05-17 | 1985-10-31 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Glättemittel für Textilfasermaterial |
| US4165405A (en) * | 1977-05-16 | 1979-08-21 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Fiber lubricants based upon fatty esters of heteric polyoxyalkylated alcohols |
| CH648981GA3 (de) * | 1979-02-13 | 1985-04-30 | ||
| US4426300A (en) * | 1981-10-26 | 1984-01-17 | Basf Wyandotte Corporation | Oxidation stable polyoxyalkylenes containing salts of benzoic acid derivatives |
| DE3238395A1 (de) * | 1982-10-16 | 1984-04-19 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | Glaettemittel fuer textilfasermaterial |
| DE4114240A1 (de) * | 1991-05-02 | 1992-11-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Verwendung von speziellen verbindungen als glaettemittel in kaemmoelen |
| DE4201978A1 (de) * | 1991-05-29 | 1992-12-03 | Henkel Kgaa | Fettsaeuremethylester in schmaelzmitteln fuer streichgarnspinnerei |
| US5314718A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1994-05-24 | Henkel Corporation | Fiber finishing methods |
| US5240743A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-08-31 | Henkel Corporation | Fiber finishing methods |
| ZA936280B (en) * | 1992-09-16 | 1995-05-26 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Fabric softening composition based on higher fatty acid ester and dispersant for such ester |
| US5478486A (en) * | 1993-11-18 | 1995-12-26 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and method for treating substrates to reduce electrostatic charge and resultant article |
| US5478485A (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 1995-12-26 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Thermally stable textile lubricants |
| JPH0813331A (ja) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-01-16 | Kuraray Co Ltd | 糸の糊付方法 |
| US5576470A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1996-11-19 | Henkel Corporation | Polyol esters of ether carboxylic acids and fiber finishing methods |
| DE4437032A1 (de) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-04-18 | Henkel Kgaa | Textile Weichmacher-Konzentrate |
| US5648010A (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-07-15 | Henkel Corporation | Lubricant for air entanglement replacement |
| US5725951A (en) * | 1995-08-28 | 1998-03-10 | Milliken Research Corporation | Lubricant and soil release finish for yarns |
| DE19701123B4 (de) * | 1996-02-06 | 2008-12-24 | Basf Se | Verwendung einer Mischung zur Herstellung pestizider Pflanzenschutzmittel |
| DE19648465C1 (de) * | 1996-11-22 | 1998-06-10 | Walter Dipl Ing Wirth | Verfahren zur Herstellung präparationsfertiger Avivagen und Spinnlösungen |
| US5936107A (en) * | 1996-12-09 | 1999-08-10 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for the production of fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters |
| US5882478A (en) * | 1997-11-12 | 1999-03-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Tissue products containing esters of polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylic acids |
| US6426142B1 (en) * | 1999-07-30 | 2002-07-30 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Spin finish |
| ES2179757B1 (es) * | 2000-12-22 | 2003-12-16 | Kao Corp Sa | Composiciones suavizantes de fibras que contienen tensioactivos no ionicos. |
| US7098175B2 (en) * | 2004-06-08 | 2006-08-29 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Aqueous detergent composition containing ethoxylated fatty acid di-ester |
| US7205268B2 (en) * | 2005-02-04 | 2007-04-17 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Low-foaming liquid laundry detergent |
-
2002
- 2002-02-06 DE DE10204808A patent/DE10204808A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-01-28 BR BR0307439-0A patent/BR0307439A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-28 WO PCT/EP2003/000816 patent/WO2003066958A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-01-28 CN CNA038034336A patent/CN1628194A/zh active Pending
- 2003-01-28 US US10/503,203 patent/US20060038157A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-28 EP EP03704478A patent/EP1472407A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-01-28 AU AU2003206786A patent/AU2003206786B9/en not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO03066958A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1628194A (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
| US20060038157A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
| AU2003206786A1 (en) | 2003-09-02 |
| DE10204808A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
| AU2003206786B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
| BR0307439A (pt) | 2005-01-04 |
| AU2003206786B9 (en) | 2009-03-19 |
| WO2003066958A1 (de) | 2003-08-14 |
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