EP1471135B1 - Zusammensetzung zur Radioaktiven Dekontamination - Google Patents

Zusammensetzung zur Radioaktiven Dekontamination Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1471135B1
EP1471135B1 EP04290826A EP04290826A EP1471135B1 EP 1471135 B1 EP1471135 B1 EP 1471135B1 EP 04290826 A EP04290826 A EP 04290826A EP 04290826 A EP04290826 A EP 04290826A EP 1471135 B1 EP1471135 B1 EP 1471135B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
surfactant
mass
atoms
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04290826A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1471135A1 (de
Inventor
Riad Sarraf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Salvarem
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Salvarem
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1471135A1 publication Critical patent/EP1471135A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1471135B1 publication Critical patent/EP1471135B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/825—Mixtures of compounds all of which are non-ionic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/48—Medical, disinfecting agents, disinfecting, antibacterial, germicidal or antimicrobial compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/662—Carbohydrates or derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a composition intended to be placed in contact with a part having on its surface contaminated particles, to allow the decontamination of said part, as well as methods for decontaminating a part using such a composition.
  • the composition is particularly intended for the treatment of non-fixed radioactive contamination, that is to say when it is not necessary to erode the part to reach the contaminated particles and allow their transfer from the surface of the part to the decontamination composition.
  • the decontamination of the room corresponds to the reduction of the number of radioactive particles present on the surface of the room, up to a predetermined threshold, which may vary according to the needs and wishes of the user of the room.
  • the parts to be decontaminated may be fluid lines, walls, floors, ceilings, tanks, swimming pools, or other objects.
  • Laundry compositions are already known as described in US Pat. US 6087309 , US 6046152 , US 4129514 and the DE 2539928 . However, the known compositions are not entirely satisfactory in applications for the radioactive decontamination of a part.
  • compositions do not make it possible to obtain the required decontamination efficiency in terms of the quantity of radioactive particles remaining on the surface of the part after the decontamination operations.
  • compositions can not form foams adapted to the needs, and are therefore exclusively brought into contact in liquid form with the part to be decontaminated, by washing, dipping, or high pressure jet spraying processes.
  • Foams contain more gas than liquid, thus reducing the volumes of reagents and effluents generated.
  • the contact time between the foam and the room being greater than with a liquid, the decontamination is considerably improved.
  • compositions that can be used in the form of foams have a number of disadvantages.
  • these compositions do not make it possible to generate foams which are stable for a sufficient duration and which can be transported from a foam formation zone to the part to be decontaminated without undergoing degradation. It is therefore necessary for the operator to form the foam in the immediate vicinity of the part to be decontaminated.
  • the known compositions are not able to comply with the new constraints imposed in the field of radioactive decontamination (quality of the foam making it possible to obtain a high level of decontamination, reduction of the dose of radioactivity received by the operator during decontamination operations ).
  • the known compositions do not make it possible to obtain a foam that can be properly sprayed onto the part to be decontaminated with the necessary force.
  • the object of the invention is to solve these problems.
  • HLB hydrophilic - lipophilic balance
  • the first surfactant has a good foaming and detergent power, while the second surfactant has good detergency and wetting.
  • composition according to the invention is particularly effective in terms of the degree of decontamination obtained.
  • it makes it possible to obtain a foam of very good quality.
  • this composition which is in liquid form, it is therefore possible to carry out effective decontamination in the liquid phase or in the foam phase from the same composition.
  • the invention can provide for mixing the two surfactants, water, and possibly other products in such proportions that the composition has a cloud point below 90 ° C, or even below 80 ° C, or even below 70 ° C.
  • the first surfactant and the second surfactant belong to distinct chemical families.
  • the first surfactant is a polyglucoside whose alkyl chain comprises between 6 and 10 carbon atoms, and more particularly a polyglucoside whose alkyl chain comprises between 6 and 9 carbon atoms.
  • the second surfactant may be an ethoxylated fatty alcohol containing between 8 and 12 carbon atoms and between 5 and 9 ethylene oxide groups on average, and more particularly an ethoxylated fatty alcohol containing between 10 and 12 carbon atoms and between 5 and 9 carbon atoms. 9 groups of ethylene oxides on average.
  • the composition may comprise between 1 and 15% by weight of a propylene glycol ether, for example dipropylene glycol (DPM), as a solvent, and / or between 1 and 15% by weight of an alkaline base such as soda or potash.
  • a propylene glycol ether for example dipropylene glycol (DPM)
  • DPM dipropylene glycol
  • an alkaline base such as soda or potash.
  • This composition has a cloud point close to 70 ° C, and between 65 and 70 ° C for a dilution of 5 to 10%. No aggressiveness of this composition is detected on the following materials: stainless steels, brass, Inconol.
  • the composition comprises, in addition to the first and second surfactants, between 1 and 15% of a third nonionic surfactant whose HLB, measured at ambient temperature in an aqueous medium, is between 13 and 15%. and 15.
  • the third surfactant is for example a polyglucoside whose alkyl chain comprises between 8 and 12 carbon atoms, said third surfactant being different from the first surfactant.
  • This composition has a cloud point greater than 95 ° C, and between 72 and 80 ° C for a dilution of 5 to 10%. No aggressiveness of this composition is detected on the following materials: stainless steels, brass, Inconol.
  • the composition according to the invention does not comprise an ionic surfactant, all the surfactants contained in this composition being nonionic.
  • the invention relates to a method for decontaminating a part having on its surface contaminated particles, using the composition as previously described.
  • the composition is applied to the part by spraying in the liquid phase.
  • the part is immersed in the composition.
  • said part is rubbed with a support of textile material (for example a cotton cloth) or cellulosic impregnated with the composition. It is then possible to add to said support, in addition to the composition: nitric acid, sodium hydroxide, a solvent and / or soapy water.
  • the decontamination process comprises the steps of generating a foam from the composition, applying the foam to the workpiece, rinsing said workpiece.
  • the composition is an aqueous formulation of biodegradable surfactants, in an alkaline medium, specially designed to treat non-fixed contamination in the presence of fatty substances.
  • the composition also comprises dipropylene glycol.
  • the dipropylene glycol is miscible in water and solubilizes the fatty substances (grease, oil present on the surface of the part to be decontaminated) inside the micelles formed by the surfactants.
  • the composition further comprises an alkaline base such as caustic soda or potash.
  • the alkaline base makes it possible, in addition to a good degreasing of the surface, to reduce the temperature of the cloud point (beyond which the composition is much less foaming), from about 90 ° C. to 70 ° C. This facilitates the reprocessing of the effluents in an evaporator, in which it is sought to avoid the formation of foam for greater efficiency.
  • composition comprises water, for example deionized water.
  • composition is given in the table below.
  • Component % mass trade name of the component provider Polyglucoside (8 carbon atoms) 7 SIMULSOL SL8 SEPPIC ethoxylated fatty alcohol (10 carbon atoms, 7 ethylene oxide groups) 7 SYNPERONIC 10/7 RIGHT HERE dipropylene glycol 6 DOWANOL DPM DOW CHEMICAL beaded soda 4 SOLVAY water 76
  • the entire ethoxylated fatty alcohol is then added and stirred again for about 10 minutes.
  • the entire dipropylene glycol is then added, and the solution stirred for about 5 minutes.
  • the various containers containing the components are rinsed with the remainder of demineralised water, the liquid obtained is then poured into the tank. After stirring for about 5 minutes, the composition is obtained.
  • “Fresh product” means the composition manufactured according to the process described above, for example packaged in drums, and ready for use (diluted, heated, pressurized for the formation of a foam, etc.) for decontamination of a room.
  • the composition is an aqueous formulation of biodegradable surfactants, at neutral pH, specially designed to treat non-fixed contamination in the absence of fatty substances. Its neutral pH makes it possible to use the composition on all materials.
  • the composition also comprises water, for example demineralised water.
  • component % mass trade name of the component provider polyglucoside (8 carbon atoms) 18 SIMULSOL SL8 SEPPIC ethoxylated fatty alcohol (10 carbon atoms, 7 ethylene oxide groups) 7.2 SYNPERONIC 10/7 RIGHT HERE polyglucoside (10 carbon atoms) 3 SIMULSOL SL10 SEPPIC water 71.8
  • composition is given in the table above.
  • the 10-carbon polyglucoside is prepared. If the product is pasty, three quarters of the demineralized water is poured at about 30 ° C. If the product is liquid, pour three-quarters of the demineralized water at room temperature.
  • the 10-carbon polyglucoside thus prepared is poured into a tank and then stirred for about 10 minutes or 20 minutes until dissolution is complete.
  • the solution obtained is then translucent to light yellow.
  • the totality of the polyglucoside is then added to 8 carbon atoms and then stirred for about 10 minutes.
  • the entire ethoxylated fatty alcohol is then added and stirred again for about 5 minutes.
  • the various containers containing the components are rinsed with the remainder of demineralised water, the liquid obtained is then poured into the tank. After stirring for about 5 minutes, the composition is obtained.
  • composition produced according to the first or second embodiment previously described, is biodegradable and complies with the requirements for products used in nuclear power plants.
  • composition is optimized so that the concentration of organic matter and mineral is as low as possible, and less than 5%, in the effluents, in order to reduce the cost and facilitate the treatment of these effluents.
  • composition according to the invention which is specially designed to treat non-fixed radioactive decontamination, is intended to be placed in contact with a part having on its surface contaminated particles, to allow the decontamination of said part by ensuring the passage of contaminated particles from the surface of the workpiece to the composition.
  • the composition can be applied to the part by spraying in the liquid phase. It is also possible to immerse the piece in the liquid composition.
  • a third mode of decontamination consists in generating a wet foam from the composition and then projecting this foam on the part to be decontaminated.
  • a foam is formed from the liquid composition and water (dilution between 0.1 and 50%, or even between 5 and 30%, in particular around 20%, depending on the material constituting the part to be decontaminated and the degree of contamination).
  • two containers containing one of the water and the other the liquid composition according to the invention are provided.
  • the water and the composition are fed in the desired proportions (through a system of metering pumps and pumps) to a foam generating device, and introduced into a nozzle coaxially communicating with the convergent Venturi stage.
  • the Venturi stage having a gas inlet opening into the convergent, gas, for example air, is sucked by the Venturi effect.
  • the gas-water-composition mixture is then moved towards the divergent Venturi stage and then to a mixing chamber.
  • the geometry of the device - and in particular the diverging - is intended to create a cavitation phenomenon at the outlet of the Venturi stage. It follows the formation of foam in the diverging and the mixing chamber.
  • the foam is then transported, via hoses, from the device for generating this foam to the part to be decontaminated and then projected onto said part using specific tools.
  • the quality and the stability of the foam obtained from the composition according to the invention make it possible to generate the foam at a distance from the workpiece, to transport it for several tens of meters and to project it effectively against the workpiece without the foam Degraded, in terms of composition, size of bubbles, etc.
  • An operator can work remotely from the contaminated room, which significantly reduces the dose of radioactivity it receives during this decontamination.
  • One or more foam applications may be necessary depending on the degree of decontamination of the predetermined part by the user. Finally, after the action of the foam, it is rinsed with water, which allows to evacuate the contaminated particles with the decontamination composition.
  • the effluents generated by this composition can be treated on conventional installations in a nuclear medium after a simple neutralization with a product.
  • the concentration of organic and inorganic matter in the effluents is less than 5%. According to the decontamination carried out, the effluents can contain from 96 to 98% of water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren für die Strahlenentseuchung eines Teils, das auf seiner Oberfläche verseuchte Partikel aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf das besagte Teil durch Aufsprühen in flüssiger Phase folgendes aufgebracht wird:
    Eine Zusammensetzung, die mindestens folgende Bestandteile enthält:
    - zwischen 1 und 25 % Massenanteile eines ersten nichtionischen Tensids, dessen bei Raumtemperatur in wässerigem Milieu gemessener HLB-Wert (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance) bei zwischen 14 und 16 liegt;
    - zwischen 1 und 20 % Massenanteile eines zweiten nichtionischen Tensids, dessen bei Raumtemperatur in wässerigem Milieu gemessener HLB-Wert (hydrophilic-lipophilic-balance) bei zwischen 12 und 14 liegt;
    - Wasser.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Tensid und das zweite Tensid zu getrennten chemischen Familien gehören.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das erste Tensid ein Polyglukosid ist, dessen Alkylkette zwischen 6 und 10 Kohlenstoffatomen umfaßt.
  4. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zweite Tensid ein Ethoxyl-Fettalkohol ist, der im Durchschnitt zwischen 8 und 12 Kohlenstoffatome und zwischen 5 und 9 Ethylenoxidgruppen umfaßt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Zusammensetzung zwischen 1 und 15 % Massenanteile eines Propylenglycolethers, zum Beispiel Dipropylenglycol (DPM), umfaßt.
  6. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Zusammensetzung zwischen 1 und 15 Massenanteile einer alkalischen Base umfaßt, wie zum Beispiel Soda oder Kali.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Zusammensetzung folgende Bestandteile enthält:
    - zwischen 5 und 10 % Massenanteile Polyglukosid, dessen Alkylkette 8 Kohlenstoffatome umfaßt, als erstes Tensid;
    - zwischen 5 und 10 % Massenanteile eines Ethoxyl-Fettalkohols, der im Durchschnitt 10 Kohlenstoffatome und 7 Ethylenoxidgruppen umfaßt, als zweites Tensid;
    - zwischen 3 und 9 % Massenanteile Dipropylenglycol;
    - zwischen 0,1 und 6 % Massenanteile Soda in Perlenform;
    - die Ergänzung durch Wasser.
  8. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Zusammensetzung zwischen 1 und 15 % Massenanteile eines dritten nichtionischen Tensids, darunter HLB, umfaßt, dessen bei Raumtemperatur in wässerigem Milieu gemessener Wert bei zwischen 13 und 15 liegt.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das dritte Tensid ein Polyglukosid ist, dessen Alkylkette zwischen 8 und 12 Kohlenstoffatome umfaßt, wobei das besagte dritte Tensid sich vom ersten Tensid unterscheidet.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die besagte Zusammensetzung folgende Bestandteile enthält:
    - zwischen 15 und 20 % Massenanteile eines Polyglukosids, dessen Alkylkette 8 Kohlenstoffatome umfaßt, als erstes Tensid;
    - zwischen 5 und 10 % Massenanteile eines Ethoxyl-Fettalkohols, der im Durchschnitt 10 Kohlenstoffatome und 7 Ethylenoxidgruppen umfaßt, als zweites Tensid;
    - zwischen 1 und 5 % Massenanteile eines Polyglukosids, dessen Alkylkette 10 Kohlenstoffatome umfaßt, als drittes Tensid;
    - die Ergänzung durch Wasser.
  11. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß alle in der besagten Zusammensetzung enthaltenen Tenside nichtionisch sind.
  12. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte Teil in die besagte Zusammensetzung eingetaucht wird.
  13. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das besagte Teil mit einem Träger aus Textil- oder Zellstoffmaterial gerieben wird, das mit besagter Zusammensetzung getränkt ist.
  14. Verfahren nach einem beliebigen der vorstehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Herstellen eines Schaums aus der besagten Zusammensetzung;
    - Aufbringen des Schaums auf das Teil;
    - Spülen des besagten Teils.
  15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schritt der Schaumherstellung selbst die folgenden Schritte umfaßt:
    - Eine Vorrichtung vorsehen, die einerseits eine Einspritzdüse für Flüssigkeit umfaßt und andererseits eine Venturistufe, die einen koaxial zur besagten Döse stehenden Mischkopf umfaßt, einen Gaseintritt, der zum Mischkopf führt, und einen Verteiler, der mit einer Mischkammer in Verbindung steht, wobei die Geometrie der Vorrichtung so definiert ist, daß ein Erscheinungsbild einer Kavitation am Ausgang der Venturistufe geschaffen wird;
    - Die Zusammensetzung in flüssiger Form durch die Düse zur Venturistufe einführen, was das Ansaugen des Gases durch Venturieffekt und die Bildung von Schaum im Verteiler und der Mischkammer mit sich führt.
EP04290826A 2003-03-28 2004-03-29 Zusammensetzung zur Radioaktiven Dekontamination Expired - Lifetime EP1471135B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0303885A FR2853130B1 (fr) 2003-03-28 2003-03-28 Composition de decontamination radioactive
FR0303885 2003-03-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1471135A1 EP1471135A1 (de) 2004-10-27
EP1471135B1 true EP1471135B1 (de) 2010-12-22

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ID=32947267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04290826A Expired - Lifetime EP1471135B1 (de) 2003-03-28 2004-03-29 Zusammensetzung zur Radioaktiven Dekontamination

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1471135B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE492619T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004030634D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2358263T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2853130B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2539928C3 (de) * 1975-09-09 1978-11-02 Eduard 7803 Gundelfingen Bossert Reinigungsmittelkonzentrat zum Reinigen von Lebens- und Futtermitteln
FR2345513A1 (fr) * 1976-03-24 1977-10-21 Rhone Poulenc Ind Composition tensio-active a base de surfactifs non ioniques
GB8811447D0 (en) * 1988-05-13 1988-06-15 Procter & Gamble Granular laundry compositions
ES2185936T3 (es) * 1996-04-16 2003-05-01 Procter & Gamble Composiciones liquidas de limpieza que contienen tensioactivos ramificados en mitad de la cadena seleccionados.
FR2763595B1 (fr) * 1997-05-26 1999-12-10 Inst Francais Du Petrole Composition aqueuse contenant des composes tensio-actifs et un alcool, et procede de decontamination in situ d'un milieu poreux pollue par des hydrocarbures

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2853130B1 (fr) 2006-02-17
DE602004030634D1 (de) 2011-02-03
FR2853130A1 (fr) 2004-10-01
ES2358263T3 (es) 2011-05-09
EP1471135A1 (de) 2004-10-27
ATE492619T1 (de) 2011-01-15

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