EP1459396A1 - Organische leuchtdiode (led) und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung - Google Patents
Organische leuchtdiode (led) und verfahren zu ihrer herstellungInfo
- Publication number
- EP1459396A1 EP1459396A1 EP02787404A EP02787404A EP1459396A1 EP 1459396 A1 EP1459396 A1 EP 1459396A1 EP 02787404 A EP02787404 A EP 02787404A EP 02787404 A EP02787404 A EP 02787404A EP 1459396 A1 EP1459396 A1 EP 1459396A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- organic layer
- polymers
- oled
- organic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920000553 poly(phenylenevinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 poly (para-phenylene-vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/854—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising scattering means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Definitions
- OLED Organic light emitting diode
- the invention relates to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED for organic light-emitting diode) with at least one polymer layer according to the preamble of claim 1.
- OLED organic light-emitting diode
- Organic light emitting diodes show a number of advantages that make them attractive for use in optoelectronics. These include the availability of many emission colors, low threshold voltages, quick switchability, small thickness and the possibility of using flexible substrates. Typical areas of application for OLEDs are pixelated display instruments and large-area elements for lighting purposes.
- OLEDs An important development goal for OLEDs is to increase the luminous efficacy and thus reduce the power consumption. This is particularly important for mobile applications where only limited energy resources are available.
- Extraction efficiency is the probability with which a photon generated in the emission zone can be coupled out of the diode and can thus be detected. Coupling losses occur by absorption or by waveguiding in one of the layers. Waveguide is due to total reflection at the interface of two layers with different refractive indices. With flat interfaces, the angle between the incident and reflected beam does not change except for the sign. Accordingly, a photon once totally reflected remains enclosed in the corresponding layer and cannot be extracted.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the process of waveguiding in the layers of an organic light-emitting diode:
- a transparent electrode 2 (usually indium tin oxide, ITO for short) is located on a substrate 3. At least one organic layer 1 is deposited thereon, followed by an electrode 5 (e.g. a cathode). In the organic layer 1, 6 photons are generated by emitters. Only photons that do not remain in layers 1-3 and 5 due to waveguiding are extracted. Line IV shows an example of the path of an extracted photon.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- waveguiding effects can occur in the organic layer, in the transparent electrode or in the substrate. Since the layer thicknesses of the organic layers and the transparent electrode are in the range of the light wavelength or below, discrete optical modes I, II are formed in these layers, while a mode continuum III is present in the substrate and classic radiation optics can be used here. A distinction is therefore made between layer modes and substrate modes.
- the optical modes formed in a thin, flat layer are essentially dependent on the layer thickness and the refractive index of the layer.
- a change in the refractive index and thus the disturbance of the waveguiding effects can be achieved by inhomogeneities within the organic layer if the inhomogeneities have a different refractive index than the layer matrix.
- the proposed oxidic nanoparticles can lead to a degradation of the active layer by oxidation. Accordingly, a significantly shorter lifespan was observed for the diodes with nanoparticles than for the reference diodes.
- a polymer LED is applied to a one-dimensional-periodic structure with a period of 388 nm and depths of 10 - 100 nm.
- the structure acts as a Bragg reflector and in turn leads to a scattering of optical modes in the emitter material.
- the object of the invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
- an organic active OLED layer and a method for the production thereof are to be created in which the waveguiding effect is minimized by special precautions without the life of the layer being greatly shortened by the use of inorganic materials or by periodic structures a strong wavelength selectivity of the extraction occurs.
- inhomogeneities are introduced in at least one organic layer of the OLED which themselves have an organic composition.
- the organic inhomogeneities have a different refractive index than a layer matrix and consequently interfere with the waveguiding effects.
- FIG. 2a schematically shows the path of a photon, which is emitted by an emitter 6 and extracted from an organic layer 1, when the line 4a is provided with arrows and after it has passed through partial regions 1B with a first refractive index within a layer matrix material 1A with a second refractive index different from the first in one Steeper angle than the critical angle of total reflection strikes a transparent neighboring layer 2, which is, for example, an ITO anode.
- Layer 5 is, for example, a cathode.
- a photon remains trapped in the layer between a cathode 5 and a transparent anode 2 due to the waveguiding effect if the angle of incidence does not exceed the critical angle of total reflection. Layer modes arise.
- a mixture of plastics is used, the properties of which permit use as an active OLED layer or as a passive intermediate layer, or a mixture of their starting materials. Separation processes during or after layer formation are used in a targeted manner to obtain a layer that contains two or more phases.
- the phases with different refractive index consist of different plastics.
- Composite-like structure is understood here above all to mean the structure of a particle-filled plastic, as well as the structure of a composite with two three-dimensionally interpenetrating individual components, as it also arises, for example, when an open-pore plastic body is poured out with a second plastic.
- At least two polymers are dissolved or dispersed, which are in the Separate the removal of the solvent or dispersion medium or separate them before the layer dries by separating the solvent or dispersion medium.
- the layer consists chemically of a single polymeric material which, in island regions, has differences in material properties, such as crystallinity, degree of branching, degree of crosslinking, density and co-polymerization, and thus differences in the refractive index, compared to the matrix.
- Different charge carrier transport materials, emitter materials and any mixtures thereof can be used as plastics. It is also possible to use further, electrically inactive plastics or their precursors.
- the segregation process and chemical reactions can be influenced in a targeted manner.
- 1 is a schematic representation of the waveguide losses in the layers of a conventional organic light emitting diode
- 2a shows a schematic representation of the scattering of photons by refractive index inhomogeneities in an organic layer
- 2b is a schematic representation of the waveguide in an organic layer without scattering centers
- 3a shows a micrograph of an organic layer according to a first embodiment
- 3b shows a microscopic picture of an organic layer according to a second exemplary embodiment.
- FIGS. 1-2b The explanations for FIGS. 1-2b are already in the general part of the description.
- Embodiment 1 (Fig. 3a):
- polymer materials poly (para-phenylene-vinylene) derivative (PPV) and poly (N-vinyl carbazole) (PVC), which were mixed and spin-coated in solution as a layer on a substrate.
- One third of the mixture of the dissolved plastics consisted of PPV and two thirds of PVC. After the spin coating, the two materials separated, in which large structures made of PVC with smaller satellites were formed in a PPV matrix. This is shown by the microscopic image of the surface of the resulting organic layer shown in FIG. 3a). In a matrix made of PPV, PVC areas with a wide size distribution curve are stored as scattering centers.
- Embodiment 2 (Fig. 3b):
- it is PPV and PVC, which were mixed and spin-coated as a layer in solution.
- the mixture consists of 50% PPV and 50% PVC.
- the microscopic image of the organic layer produced in this way shown in FIG. 3b), shows that spherical PVC regions are in turn embedded as scattering centers in a PPV matrix, but in this case with a very high much narrower size distribution curve than in the first embodiment explained above.
- the light areas consist of PVC and the dark areas of PW.
- the exemplary embodiments demonstrate how a different size and a different size distribution of the scattering centers can be achieved by varying the mixing ratios of the two plastics. This advantageously offers the possibility of specifically adjusting the optical properties of the organic layer.
- the present invention is of course not limited to the polymer materials mentioned in the two exemplary embodiments, but can be used for all materials which are suitable in terms of their electrical properties for organic LEDs.
- an effect similar to segregation can be achieved if crystalline regions form within an amorphous matrix.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10164016.1A DE10164016B4 (de) | 2001-12-28 | 2001-12-28 | Organische Leuchtdiode (OLED) und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
DE10164016 | 2001-12-28 | ||
PCT/DE2002/004346 WO2003061026A1 (de) | 2001-12-28 | 2002-11-27 | Organische leuchtdiode (led) und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1459396A1 true EP1459396A1 (de) | 2004-09-22 |
Family
ID=7710910
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02787404A Withdrawn EP1459396A1 (de) | 2001-12-28 | 2002-11-27 | Organische leuchtdiode (led) und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7256541B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1459396A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005515599A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1608328B (de) |
DE (1) | DE10164016B4 (de) |
TW (1) | TWI267214B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003061026A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004021567A1 (de) | 2004-05-03 | 2005-12-08 | Covion Organic Semiconductors Gmbh | Elektronische Vorrichtungen enthaltend organische Halbleiter |
DE102004035965B4 (de) * | 2004-07-23 | 2007-07-26 | Novaled Ag | Top-emittierendes, elektrolumineszierendes Bauelement mit zumindest einer organischen Schicht |
US7540978B2 (en) | 2004-08-05 | 2009-06-02 | Novaled Ag | Use of an organic matrix material for producing an organic semiconductor material, organic semiconductor material and electronic component |
DE102004041371B4 (de) * | 2004-08-25 | 2007-08-02 | Novaled Ag | Bauelement auf Basis einer organischen Leuchtdiodeneinrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung |
DE102004042461A1 (de) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-30 | Novaled Gmbh | Top-emittierendes, elektrolumineszierendes Bauelement mit Frequenzkonversionszentren |
EP1648042B1 (de) | 2004-10-07 | 2007-05-02 | Novaled AG | Verfahren zur Dotierung von einem Halbleitermaterial mit Cäsium |
JP4410123B2 (ja) | 2005-02-10 | 2010-02-03 | 株式会社東芝 | 有機elディスプレイ |
DE502005009415D1 (de) * | 2005-05-27 | 2010-05-27 | Novaled Ag | Transparente organische Leuchtdiode |
EP1739765A1 (de) * | 2005-07-01 | 2007-01-03 | Novaled AG | Organische Leuchtdiode und Anordnung mit mehreren organischen Leuchtdioden |
EP1808909A1 (de) * | 2006-01-11 | 2007-07-18 | Novaled AG | Elekrolumineszente Lichtemissionseinrichtung |
US8179034B2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2012-05-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light extraction film for organic light emitting diode display and lighting devices |
US20090015142A1 (en) * | 2007-07-13 | 2009-01-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light extraction film for organic light emitting diode display devices |
DE102007059732B4 (de) * | 2007-12-12 | 2020-11-12 | Pictiva Displays International Limited | Lichtemittierende Vorrichtung |
DE102008035559A1 (de) | 2008-07-30 | 2010-02-11 | Rupert Goihl | Elektrolumineszenz oder Photovoltaikquelle |
US20100110551A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light extraction film with high index backfill layer and passivation layer |
US7957621B2 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2011-06-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Light extraction film with nanoparticle coatings |
EP2287938B1 (de) | 2009-08-22 | 2012-08-01 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Ladungsträger-Transportschicht, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und elektrooptisches Bauelement |
US8237174B2 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2012-08-07 | National Central University | LED structure |
DE102014100405A1 (de) * | 2014-01-15 | 2015-07-16 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organisches lichtemittierendes Bauelement und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines organischen lichtemittierenden Bauelements |
DE102014111424A1 (de) | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-11 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organisches Licht emittierendes Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines organischen Licht emittierenden Bauelements |
CN110462869A (zh) | 2017-02-20 | 2019-11-15 | 卡帝瓦公司 | 用于具有增强的光输出耦合的发光器件的喷墨印刷系统和技术 |
Citations (6)
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WO1992003491A1 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-05 | Cambridge Research And Innovation Limited | Patterning of semiconductive polymers |
WO1995031515A1 (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1995-11-23 | Forskarpatent I Linköping Ab | Colour source and method for its fabrication |
WO1999021708A1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap | Use of glass laminate as a substrate in semiconductor devices |
JP2000109824A (ja) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-18 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 発光素子 |
WO2000058760A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Cpfilms Inc. | Film composites |
EP2267814A1 (de) * | 1999-03-12 | 2010-12-29 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymere, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4123269A (en) * | 1977-09-29 | 1978-10-31 | Xerox Corporation | Electrostatographic photosensitive device comprising hole injecting and hole transport layers |
TW386609U (en) | 1996-10-15 | 2000-04-01 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | Electroluminescent illumination apparatus |
CA2223167C (en) * | 1996-12-04 | 2004-04-27 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Organic light emitting element and producing method thereof |
US5871579A (en) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-02-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Two-step dipping technique for the preparation of organic-inorganic perovskite thin films |
GB9815271D0 (en) | 1998-07-14 | 1998-09-09 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Particles and devices comprising particles |
JP2000284134A (ja) | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | 光学装置 |
JP4614400B2 (ja) | 2000-01-17 | 2011-01-19 | 日東電工株式会社 | 有機el発光装置、偏光面光源装置及び液晶表示装置 |
JP4984343B2 (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2012-07-25 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 有機電界発光素子及びそれを用いた光電子素子 |
US20020064683A1 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2002-05-30 | Shinjiro Okada | Organic electroluminescence device and process for production thereof |
TW518909B (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2003-01-21 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Luminescent device and method of manufacturing same |
TW529317B (en) * | 2001-10-16 | 2003-04-21 | Chi Mei Electronic Corp | Method of evaporating film used in an organic electro-luminescent display |
US20040155576A1 (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-08-12 | Eastman Kodak Company | Microcavity OLED device |
-
2001
- 2001-12-28 DE DE10164016.1A patent/DE10164016B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-11-27 US US10/500,434 patent/US7256541B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-27 EP EP02787404A patent/EP1459396A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-11-27 JP JP2003561012A patent/JP2005515599A/ja active Pending
- 2002-11-27 CN CN028262743A patent/CN1608328B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-11-27 WO PCT/DE2002/004346 patent/WO2003061026A1/de active Application Filing
- 2002-12-18 TW TW091136494A patent/TWI267214B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1992003491A1 (en) * | 1990-08-24 | 1992-03-05 | Cambridge Research And Innovation Limited | Patterning of semiconductive polymers |
WO1995031515A1 (en) * | 1994-05-17 | 1995-11-23 | Forskarpatent I Linköping Ab | Colour source and method for its fabrication |
WO1999021708A1 (en) * | 1997-10-24 | 1999-05-06 | Agfa-Gevaert Naamloze Vennootschap | Use of glass laminate as a substrate in semiconductor devices |
JP2000109824A (ja) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-04-18 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 発光素子 |
EP2267814A1 (de) * | 1999-03-12 | 2010-12-29 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Polymere, ihre Herstellung und Verwendung |
WO2000058760A1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-05 | Cpfilms Inc. | Film composites |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO03061026A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2005515599A (ja) | 2005-05-26 |
CN1608328B (zh) | 2010-06-09 |
WO2003061026A1 (de) | 2003-07-24 |
CN1608328A (zh) | 2005-04-20 |
DE10164016A1 (de) | 2003-07-17 |
TW200301578A (en) | 2003-07-01 |
US7256541B2 (en) | 2007-08-14 |
DE10164016B4 (de) | 2020-01-23 |
TWI267214B (en) | 2006-11-21 |
US20050122035A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
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Inventor name: WITTMANN, GEORG Inventor name: STOESSEL, MATTHIAS Inventor name: BIRNSTOCK, JAN Inventor name: SCHEFFEL, MARCUS Inventor name: BLAESSING, JOERG Inventor name: HEUSER, KARSTEN |
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RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: OSRAM OPTO SEMICONDUCTORS GMBH |
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|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20180925 |